2022年中考英语语法专题-第08讲 比较级,最高级

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名称 2022年中考英语语法专题-第08讲 比较级,最高级
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更新时间 2022-01-19 19:19:26

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英语学科个性化教学辅导教案
学生 年级 上课地点 第 次授课
授课时间 年 月 日 星期 学科老师 班主任
教学课题 Lesson 08 比较级、最高级
教学目标 掌握各连词基本用法
教学重、难点 部分连词辨析
教学内容
一、变化形式
1.规则变化
(1)单音节形容词 / 副词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加-er和-est构成:great-greater-greatest
(2)以-e结尾的单音节形容词 / 副词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-r和-st成::late-later- latest
(3)少数以-er, -ow,结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-er 和-est构成。
clever-cleverer-cleverest; narrow-narrower-narrowest
(4)以-y结尾的双音节词,但-y前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把-y去掉,加上-ier和-iest构成。
happy-happier-happiest
(5)以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加-er和-est:big-bigger-biggest。
(6)双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more和most加在形容词前面来构成。
beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful ; important-more important-most important
2.不规则变化
good / well better best
ill / bad badly worse worst
many / much more most
little less least
far farther / further farthest / furthest
二、等级的用法
1.原级
(1)修饰词:very,quite,so,too,pretty,fairly常用修饰原级。
He is too tired to walk on. 他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。
My brother runs so fast that I can’t follow him. 我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。
(2)表达方式:
肯定句中:as +形容词 / 副词+as
Henry is as good as Peter.
疑问句中 / 否定句中: as / so + 形容词 / 副词+as
Henry is not as / so good as Peter.
as +形容词+a(n) 单数名词+as;as+ many / much+复数名词 / 不可数名词+as
Henry is as good a worker as Peter.
Henry does not have as / so many books as I have.
注意:
①as +形容词+as +数量词=数量词+形容词
The building is as tall as 100 meters.=The building is 100 meters tall.
②表面上是同级比较,实际上为有特定含义的习惯用语:
as long as 只要 as far as 远至;就……而言 as well as 既……又
2.比较级
1)比较级的修饰词
修饰形容词,副词比较级的常用修饰词有:
(1)表示前者比后者强很多时,通常采用much, even, still等;表示前者在某方面远远地超过对方时,通常采用far, a lot, a great deal, by far(远,非常)等。
He works still harder than ever.
=He works harder still than ever.他比以往更加努力学习了. (still 顺序特殊)
Matters are a lot better than ever before. 情况远远比以往好.
(2)在否定句,疑问句或条件状语从句中,修饰形容词,副词的比较级,只能用any来修饰。
He can’t jump any higher.他不能跳得更高了。
Can he jump any higher 他能跳得更高一些吗
If you can jump any higher, I will give you a prize.如果你能跳得更高些,我就奖励你。
(3)no在修饰比较级时,在意义上否定两者,表示前者在某方面不比后者强多少。
He is no richer than Peter. =He is as poor as Peter.他不比彼得富裕多少.
注意:
①只用于修饰比较级的:much; still; even
②既可以修饰比较级又可以修饰原级的:a little; a bit; rather等。
③very,quite,so,too, pretty, fairly只能修饰形副原级
2)比较级常用的句型结构
adj.
(1)“甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙……”或“甲比乙……几倍”。
This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大三倍。
(2)“甲+be+形容词比较级+than+ any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人 / 物都……”,含义是“甲最……”。
The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.
=The Yangtze River is longer than any of the other rivers in China.
=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。
The Yangtze River is longer than any river in Japan.长江比日本的任何一条河都长。(注意对比)
(3)“甲+ be + the +形容词比较级+of the two+……”表示“甲是两者中较……的”。
Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.看那两个男孩,我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个.
(4)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。
The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。
He does his homework more and more carefully.他做作业越来越认真了。
(5)“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,越……”。
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you’ll make.你越认真,犯的错误越少。
(6)“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级,甲or乙?”
Which is bigger, the earth or the moon?哪一个大,地球还是月球?
adv.
(1)“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+副词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙……”或“甲比乙……几倍”。
He runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。
(2)“甲+实意动词+副词比较级+ than +any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”,含义是“甲最……”
Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.
= Mike gets to school earlier than any of the other students in his class.
= Mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class.
= Mike gets to school earliest in his class. 迈克比他们班上其他的同学到校都早。
Mike gets to school earlier than any student in Tom’s class.迈克比汤姆班上任何一个学生到校都早。(迈克和汤姆不是同一个班)
(3)“特殊疑问词+实意动词+副词比较级,甲or乙?”
Who draws better, Jenny or Danny?谁画得比较好,詹妮还是丹尼?
3.最高级
1)最高级的基本用法
adj.
(1)“主语+be+ the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in / of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”
Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。
(2)“主语+be+ one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+ in / of短语”表示“……是……中最……之一”.
Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大城市之一。
(3)“特殊疑问词+be+ the+最高级+甲,乙,or丙?”用于三者以上的比较。
Which country is the largest, China, Brazil or Canada?哪一个国家最大,中国,巴西还是加拿大?
adv.
(1)“主语+实意动词+(the)+副词最高级+单数名词+in / of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。
I jump (the) farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的。
(2)“特殊疑问词+助动词+实义动词+ (the)+副词最高级+甲,乙,or丙?”用于三者以上的比较。
Which season do you like (the) best, spring, summer or autumn?你最喜欢哪一个季节,春天,夏天还是秋天?
2.最高级中in/of 辨别
(1)in后面常常接表示区域、时间、单位、团体等的名词或代词,并且后面的名词和主语不是同一概念的范畴。
The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河。
She sings the best in Class Two. 二班她唱歌最好。
(2)of用来表示对象范围,一般用于同类事物之间的比较,且of后面的名词与主语是同一概念范畴。
①“of the+基数词(+名词复数)”结构,指的是具体数目中,表示“……个之中最”。
Peter is the oldest boy of the three boys. 在这三个男孩中,彼得是年纪最大的。
This is the smallest of the three.这是三者之中最小的。
②“of all, of all+(the)+名词复数,of all +one’s+名词复数”结构表示“其中之最”。
Of all choices, this is the best.在各种办法之中,这种最好。
He’s the most intelligent of all the students.在所有学生中,他是最聪明的。
3.最高级的其他表示方法:
最高级 She is the best in her class.
比较级表示最高级 She is better than any other student in her class.
No other student in her class is better than she.
原级表示最高级 No other student in her class is as good as she.
三、相关辨析
1.no more than / not more than
(1)no more than 表示“仅仅”、“只有”(= only),强调少;而 not more than 表示“不多于”、“至多”(= at most)。
He is no more than an ordinary English teacher. 他只不过是个普通的英文老师。
He has no more than three children. 他只有3个孩子。
He has not more than three children.他最多3个孩子(有或许还不到3个之意)。
(2)用于比较两件事物时,no more ... than 表示对两者都否定,意为“同……一样不”(=neither ... nor);而 not more ... than 指两者虽都具有某种特征,但程度不同,意为“不如”、“不及”(= not so ... as)。
He is no more a writer than a painter. 他不是画家,也不是作家(= He is neither a painter nor a writer)。
A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.
=Neither a horse nor a whale is a fish马不是鱼,鲸也不是鱼。
She is not cleverer than he is. 她不如他聪明(= She is not so clever as he is)。
2.no less than, no less...than, not less than的区别
(1)no less than 有两个意思:
①表示“多达”、“有…之多”(强调数量之多)。
We walked no less than three miles. 我们走了3英里之远。
We won no less than£500 in a competition. 我们在一次比赛中就赢了500英镑。
②表示“简直”、“与……没差别”。
It is no less than robbery to ask for so much.要这么多,简直跟抢劫没两样。
(2)no less ... than 意为“与……一样”、“不比……差”(强调两者具有同等性).
He is no less wise than you. 他跟你一样聪明(他并不比你笨)。
A dolphin is no less a clever animal than a dog is. 海豚与狗同样都是聪明的动物。
(3)not less than 意为“不下于”、“至少”。=at least
He has no less than seven daughters. 他有七个女儿之多。
He has not less than seven daughters. 他至少有七个女儿。