【2022高分攻略】高考英语二轮复习学案（通用版) 4 介词与介词短语（原卷版+答案+解析卷）

【2022高分攻略】高考英语二轮复习学案(通用版)
专题四 介词与介词短语（原卷版）
黑龙江 哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
【考纲解读】
介词是一种虚词，常用来表明名词代词（或相当于名词的其它词类、短语或从句）与句中其它词的关系。介词不能单独作句子成份，需要和它后面的名词代词等介词宾语一起构成介词短语，在句中可作状语，表语，补语，定语。介词的用法很灵活，同一个介词可以表达多种意义，介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词、数量介词等。考点归纳为：
主要考查要点：
1. 简单介词的用法及辨析；
2. 介词短语辨析；
3. 固定搭配在语境中的运用。
【考点剖析】
一、简单介词的用法
例1：(2021年高考 全国乙卷）During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to 65__ its __growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types ___66___ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
【答案】of
例2：(2020年高考 新课标I卷）The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so 65 the familiar near side.
【答案】 than
例3： (2020年高考 新课标I卷 改错） After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove, I waited patiently unless the oil was hot.
【答案】将off改为on
例4：（2020年高考 新课标II卷 改错）Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together on every day.
【答案】 去掉on
【技巧提示】 高考中考查的介词有一大部分是表示方位、范围的介词，可以根据其汉语意思来解答此类试题。最主要的是记住常用借此的用法语意义。
二、介词短语的辨析
例1：(2021年高考 天津卷）Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are truly struggling. 30 simply satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.
A．Without B．Beyond C．Upon D．Among
【答案】 C
例2：（2020年高考 江苏卷）Taking on this challenge will bring you _____ someone who shares your interests.
A. in exchange for B. in answer to C. in contact with D. in memory of
【答案】C
例3：(2020年高考 天津卷）For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake ______ a monkey.
A. in the shape of B. beyond the reach of
C. at the mercy of D. on the side of
【答案】 A
例4：（2019年高考 江苏卷）Favorable policies are ___________ to encourage employees' professional development.
A. in effect B. in command C. in turn D. in shape
【答案】 A
【技巧提示】 解答介词短语这类试题时可将介词短语置入句子，并进行逐一翻译的方法。解决此类题目的关键就是平时尽可能多积累相介词短语，解题时读懂题干的含义即可解决问题。
三、固定搭配
例1：(2021年高考 浙江卷）Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it ___37___ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their… marriage ceremony in 1842.
【答案】for
例2：(2021年高考 哈市德强高中模拟卷）
—Dave didn't respond ________any of my emails.
—Something _______have happened to him.
A. on; must B. with; could C. for; could D. to; must
【答案】D
例3：(2020年高考 山东卷）Museums must compete 45 people’s spare time and money with other amusements.
【答案】for
例4：(2018年高考 新课标III卷） I was searching ____67____ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.
【答案】for
【技巧提示】 在解答固定搭配这类试题时，要注意从句子中找出中心词汇，并且既能与选项中的词构词成一个固定搭配，又要符合句意，这样问题就会迎刃而解。
【相关知识点连接】
一、简单介词的用法
1. 表示时间的介词
表示在……时间 at，on，in
at 用来表示时间上的一点，在记时上表示钟点，过几分、差几分；在美国英语中也可用来代替表示破晓、黎明、正午、子夜、日出日落等时，含有时间上一点的概念。
at breakfast / lunch /supper /dinner
At 5:13 on the morning of April 18th, 1906, the city of San Francisco was shaken by a terrible earthquake.
在1906年，四月18日的清晨5点13分，旧金山城市遭受了一场可怕的地震。
They are now at breakfast, talking about the plan for their trip.
他们正在吃早饭,谈论着他们旅行的计划。
in常用于上午、下午、晚上及表示季节、月份、年份等名词前，所指时间是可长可短的时间段。
They'll have a meeting at nine in the morning. 他们将在上午九点钟开会。
on用于特殊的日期或某日的上午、下午或晚上等。
They arrived early on a Tuesday morning.
他们是在一个星期二的清早到达的。
There'll be a strong wind on the evening of June 6th.
6月6日傍晚将有一场大风。
They enjoyed themselves very much on Children's Day.
儿童节那天他们玩得非常开心。
in + 一段时间 + ’s time与 within+一段时间 after+点时间
We'll meet in a week's time(=in a week)
in six days’ time (=in six days) (将来时)
within six days = in less than… (各种时态)
for与during+ 一段时间；since+点时间
since作介词时，后面接表示过去时间点的名词、代词、动名词；
作连词时，后接一般过去时的从句；
在含有since的句子，谓语动词用现在完成时
I haven't received his letters since he left.
自从他走后, 我一直没有收到他的信。
He has studied English since two years ago. 两年前他就开始学英语了。
对since的句子提问用 how long
for后跟时间段。
He hasn't come home for thirty years. 他已三十年没有回家了。
He has lived in Qingdao for 10 years。他住在青岛已经十年了。
during后跟时间段
During the summer holidays we went swimming every day.
There he stayed during／for the first two days．
She has stayed there since last year．
2. 表示时间先后的介词 before，after，in
表示时间先后的 before 和 after 表示某一时刻之前和之后
Come and see me tomorrow any time before eleven.
你可以在明天上午十一点以前的任何时候来看我。
You may play football after school. 放学之后你们可以踢足球。
in一般表示“从现在或说话时刻算起某一段时间之后，用于将来时；
after 表示：
1）以过去为起点的某一段时间之后，用于过去时；
2）与时间点连用，表示将来某个时间之后。
He will be back in a few days. 他几天之后就回来。
He left on Monday and returned after three days.
他星期一走的，三天后回来的。
He will be back after two o'clock. 两点之后他将回来。
in + 时间段也可作在……之内解
It's difficult to draw a horse well in half an hour.
半小时之内画好一匹马是困难的。
3. 表示地点的介词 at，in，on
at 一般是指比较小的地点和某种活动场所，或把一个地方看作一个点（不涉及大小）at the school gate，at the second crossing，at the bus stop，at the top of the paper，at the cinema，at 103 Wall Street，at the traffic lights。
A farmer arrives at a woman's house. 一位农民来到一位妇女的家里。
How long have you been at this school 你在这所学校呆了多久？
on表示：
1）某东西在一个平面上（包括竖着的平面）。
on the floor/ground/table/chair，on the wall，on the moon，on my head，on page seven。
2）某东西接触或接近一条线或类似一条线的东西（如河流、道路、边界等）
on a small river，on the road，on my way to school。
There was a big smile on her face. 她脸上充满笑容。
I'd like to take a boat on the River Nile. 我喜欢在尼罗河上乘船。
in主要表示在某一区域或某一立体空间。
如：in a country / city / town /village / garden / park / zoo，in the room / house / building / box，in the sky，in the sea， in the sun， in the middle of the day。
One day the man upstairs’ heard the sound of children playing in the park.一天楼上那个人听到了孩子们在公园玩耍的声音。
4. 表示“方位”的介词 in，to，on
in 表示在某一地域地区之内的某方位（属于该范围）；
to 表示在某一地域地区之外的某方位（不属该范围）；
on 表示与某地相邻的关系。
这三个词表达位置关系恰似数学中圆的“包含（in）、相离（to），相切（on）关系”。
Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 台湾位于中国东南部。
England lies to the west of France. 英国位于法国的西方。
Hunan is on the east of Guizhou. 湖南在贵州东面。
5. 表示上下的介词 above，over，on
on和over都表示在一物体上。on 强调两物相接触，over强调覆盖这一物体。
The children are drawing some pictures on the blackboard.
孩子们正在黑板上画一些画。
There's a picture on the wall. 墙上有一幅画。
over表示在某人或某物的正上方，反义词是under; above表示位置高于某人或某物，但不一定是正上方，反义词 below，over和above都可用来表示高于(= higher than).如果要表示覆盖或越过时，则用over。
Later, we ate our picnic under some trees. 后来，我们在一些树下野餐。
The water came up over / above our knees.水已涨至我们膝盖之上。
指数量时，一般用 over (= more than)，表示超过；
指上下垂直的度量及海拔高度时，要用above。
The temperature will stay above zero in the daytime.
白天温度将保持在零度以上。
6. 表示通过、经过的介词 across，through，over
这三个介词 across;，over和 through 都可用“通过、穿过”来解释，但侧重点不同。
across的含义与on有关，表示动作是在某一物体的表面进行的。
It took them six weeks to walk across the great desert.
他们花了六周时间才走了那个大沙漠。
through的含义与in有关，表示动作是在某一物体的空间里进行的。
The students walked through the gates with Uncle Wang.
学生们和王大叔一走穿过大门。
We can't travel through the forest by road. 我们不能从陆路穿过森林。
over表示动作在某物体的上方进行，译为“越过”。
Then we took off low a part of forest.
随后我们的飞机起飞了，飞过部分森林上空。
7. 表示方式 by，in，with
表示方式、手段的 介词，表示“用、以”。但三者用法不同。
by后常接动名词、名词，是指靠某种方法、手段来完成谓语的动作，或借助于某种交通工具。
in后接名词，表示用某种方式、语言、风格等。
另外用来与way构成in this / that/ a....... way表示：用……方法；一般多与一些抽象化了的名词搭配。如果这些名词前加上冠词，成为有形的、具体的东西，就要用介词with；write with a pencil（用铅笔写）。with 后接有形的、具体的东西。
Learn to swim by swimming. 在游泳中学习游泳。
You shouldn't have treated the matter in the wrong way.
你不该用错误的方法来对待这件事。
Guo Mo-ro began to write in poem.
郭沫若以诗歌的形式开始了他的文学生涯。
An English teacher should try to teach in English.
英语教师应尽量用英语教学。
It's impolite to write a letter in red. 用红笔写信是不礼貌的。
Genuine friendship can not be bought with money.
真正的友谊是无法用金钱买到的。
8. 表示除......以外的介词 besides，but，except，except for
besides 除了……以外，还有……，强调部分包括在整体之内。
Everybody laughed besides John.
除了约翰外，每个人都笑了 (John 包括在everybody之内) 。
I can see how English is used in everyday life as well. Besides I enjoy learning about new things form politics to sports.
我还可以看到日常生活中是怎样使用英语的。此外，我还喜欢了解从政治到体育、音乐的新动态。
but (prep) 除了……外，相当于except，but常与否定词、next、last以及部分形容词最高级连用，后接名词、代词和不定式。
I did nothing but write a letter this morning.
今天早晨除写了一封信外，我什么都没有做。
He wanted nothing but to have a chance to try it.
除了有机会试一试外，他别无所求。
【注意】 but后接不定式时，何时带to要依据前面动词是否有do而定。即有do不带to，无do要带to。
except 除……以外，强调从整体中除去一部分，不能放在句首，后可接名词、代词或从句。多指对同类事的排除。
Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao. 除了林涛外，大家都到齐了。
except for 除……以外，只……。它强调从整体中排除一部分，是对主语的内容起到修正的作用，指对非同类事物的排除。
Your composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.
你的作文写得很好，除了几处拼写错。(composition与mistakes不同类)
二、介词短语的辨析
1．常见的介词短语
(1) out of ＋ 名词
out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 不可能
out of order 次序颠倒 out of sight 看不见
out of place 不合适 out of pity 出于同情
out of curiosity 出于好奇
(2) in＋名词
in power 掌权 in good condition 状态良好
in despair 绝望地 in public/secret 公开地/秘密地
in tears 哭泣 in good/bad repair 保养得好/不好
in charge 负责，掌管； in a hurry 匆忙
in anger 生气； in trouble 有困难
(3) in＋名词＋介词
in case of 以防万一 in honor of 为了纪念……
in favor of 支持 in memory of 为了纪念……
in charge of 负责 in terms of从……角度
in praise of 表扬 in view of鉴于
in return for 作为对……的回报 in response to对……的答复或反应
(4) under＋名词
under control 受控 under attack遭到攻击 under way在进行中
under discussion 在讨论 under consideration 在讨论/考虑中
(5) at＋名词
at work 在工作 at play 在玩耍 at dinner 在吃饭
at ease轻松、自由自在 at war 在打仗
(6) on＋名词
on fire着火 on purpose故意地 on duty值日
on the phone 打电话 on leave在休假 on holiday在度假
on a walk在散步 on the rise/fall上升/下降 on sale出售
on show /exhibition 展出 on business 出差
on one’s way to在去……的路上 on a visit /trip /tour 出行
(7) to one’s＋情感名词
to one’s surprise令某人惊讶的是 to one’s joy使某人高兴的是
to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是 to one’s delight使某人高兴的是
(8) 易错常考介词和介词搭配
of + 抽象名词 = 形容词
of +great + 抽象名词 = 形容词
of +no + 抽象名词 = 形容词
It is of great value = It is very valuable.
It is of no use = It is not useful.
三、固定搭配
1．动词+介词
ask for (请求；向……要) arrive in／at (到达) belong to(属于)
knock at／on(敲门) live on (以……为主食 靠……生活)
point at／to(指着……／指向) stand by／for (与……站在一起／代表)
2．动词+ 副词+介词
do well in (在……方面干得好) break away from (从……脱离)
do away with (废除) catch up with (赶上) come down with (患上)
put up with (忍受) go on with (继续……) keep up with (跟上)
add up to (总计) drop in on (顺便看望某人) get away from(从……逃离)
own to (着手进行……) date back to (始于) come up to (达到)
hold on to (坚持；抓牢) write back to(给……回信)
look forward to (盼望) get out of(摆脱；从……出来)
go in for(喜爱；参加) run out of (用完；耗尽)
make up for (弥补) look down on／upon(轻视)
work hard at (努力干……) get along／on with(进行／进展……)
3．动词 +(名代) +介词
catch sight of (看到……) fix one’s eyes on／upon (注视／盯着)
give a lesson to (教训) have words with (与……吵架)
make friends with (与……交朋友) make fun of(取笑)
make room for(为……腾地方) pay attention to (注意)
shake hands with (与……握手) say hello to (向……问好)
show sb. around (带……参观) take care of (照顾)
take part in(参加)take the place of(替代) take pride in (以……自豪)
remember me to (代我向……问好) devote oneself to (献身于……)
4．名词+介词
advice on／about (关于……的忠告) the answer to (……的答案)
the key to (……的钥匙) a chance of (……的机会)
an entrance to (……的入口) knowledge of(对……的了解)
the matter with (……有毛病) objection to(反对……)
pay for (……的付款) (a) pity at／for／on (对……的怜悯)
plenty of (许多) return to (返回……)
success in (……方面的成功) thanks to (幸亏)
thanks for (……的感谢) a visit to(对……拜访／参观)
5．名词 +介词 +名词
arm in arm (手挽手) back to back (背靠背)
day after day (日复一日) the day after tomorrow (后天)
the day before yesterday (前天) day by day (逐日)
one by one (依次) step by step (逐步) ten to one (十有八九)
6．介词+名词 +介词
on account of(因为) at the age of (在……岁时)
at the beginning of (在……开始) in charge of (负责……)
during the course of(在……期间) in search of(寻找)
in favor of (赞成) in honor of someone (为表示对某人的敬意)
by the side of(在……旁边) in memory of(为纪念……)
in spite of(尽管……) by accident／chance(偶然地)
for ages(好久)； of an／one age(周岁) after all(毕竟)
in all／in total (总计) under construction (在建设中)
in need of (需要) on the contrary(相反地)
out of control(失控) under control(在控制下)
at／in the corner(在拐角处／在角落里) against one's will (违背某人意愿地)
out of date (过时的) on duty(在值班) at hand (在手头)by hand(用手)
in a hurry (匆忙地) in no hurry(不急不忙地)
on the left／right (在左／右边) to the left／right (向左，右边)
by no means (决不) by this means(以这种方式)
in／out of order(依次地／混乱) at(sb.’s) pleasure(随意地)
for pleasure (为了消遣) in／out of pocket(赚／赔钱)
with pleasure(高兴地) with care (小心地)
off／from／beside the point (不切题) to the point／purpose (切题)
over／on the radio (通过收音机) on radio (与无线电有关)
for sale(待出售) on sale(出售) after／at school (放学后，在学校)
at／by sea(当水手／乘船) in／out of sight (看得见／看不见)
for／in size(按大小／在尺寸方面) by the way (顺便说)
in the way(挡道) in sb.'s／the way (妨碍某人) at will (随意)
to sb.'s delight／joy/regret／surprise (令人高兴／快乐／后悔／吃惊……)
7．形容词/分词等+介词
(be)absent from (缺席……) according to (根据……)
afraid of／for (害怕……／替……担心) angry about／at (为某事生气)
angry with／about (与某人，事生气) anxious about／for (担忧／渴求)
bad／good at (在……方面差／好) good for／to (对……有益处／友好)
busy with (忙于某事) certain／sure about／of (确信……)
(be)close to (靠近……) engaged in／to (从事……／与……订婚)
equal to (与……相等) famous／known for／to (因……著名／为……所知)
kind of／to (对……友好) (be)fit／suitable for (适与……／与……适合)
ready for (准备好……) rich in／with (富于……)
rude to／of(sb.) (对……粗鲁) sad about／at／over／with (为……悲伤)
terrified at/by/with (被……吓一跳) worthy of (值得／配得上……)
worried about／by (担心／为……困忧) strict with sh.／in sth. (对……严格)
【强化训练】
I. 改错（题1-2）或 填空（题3-9）
1. (2021年高考 全国甲卷 改错）… Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they’re of the same age and can understand each other. Some will tum out to their parents or teachers for help. Only a little (改为few) choose to deal with the problems on our (our 改为→ their) own…
2. (2020年高考 新课标I卷）＂Not that way,＂my mom tried to stop us but failed.
3. (2021年高考 全国乙卷）It was not widely accepted as a travel concept __64__ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
4.（2020高考 浙江卷）Some time after 10,000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 56 , through agriculture.
5. (2020年高考 新课标II卷）Oranges: Orange trees are more 64 decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.
6. (2020年高考 新课标III卷）The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70 earth, Mother Nature.
7. (2019年高考 新课标I卷) Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.
8.（2019年高考 浙江卷）But can uniforms help improve school standards The answer ___61___ this question is not clear.
9. (2019年高考 新课标III卷) We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs, seven to be exact.
II. 单项选择
10.（2021年高考 新高考Ⅰ卷） This was harder than it sounds. ___51___ a bit and the cakes pile up.
A. Calm down B. Slow down C. Stay on D. Move on
11.（2021年高考英语真题试卷，全国乙卷，第三部分语言知识运用43题）My thoughts were soon ___43___. We had a woman patient who was recovering from a knee replacement operation.
A. brushed aside B. put to the test
C. brought under discussion D. taken into account
12. (2020年高考 哈市德强高中模拟卷) Determining where we are _______ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.
A. in contrast to B. in defense of C. in face of D. in relation to
13. (2020年高考 哈市模拟试卷) He gained his wealth __________ works of famous writers.
A. with printing B. by a printing C. by the printing D. by printing
14. I know nothing about the young lady _________ that she is from Beijing.
A. except for B. besides C. besides for D. except
15. Many people who live along the coast make a living _______ fishing industry.
A. at B. in C. on D. by
16. (2018年高考 江苏卷) China’s soft power grows _______ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.
A. in line with B. in reply to C. in return for D. in honour of
17. (2020年高考 哈市德强模拟试卷) When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _____ trees that are over 1,000 years old.
A. among B. against C. behind D. below
18. (2018年高考 天津卷) Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ___________.
A. at first B. after all C. above all D. at random
19. (2018年高考 北京卷)
—Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.
—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.
A. for B. on C. in D. at
20. (2020年高考 哈市模拟试卷) Mr. Brown said he was by no means annoyed, ________ the contrary, he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood.
A. for B. in C. on D. at
III. 语法填空
The clock struck eleven at night. The whole house was quiet. Everyone was in bed ___1___ me. Under the strong light, I looked sadly before me at several ___2___ (pile) of that troublesome stuff they call “books”.
I was going to have my examination the next day. “___3___ can I go to bed ” I asked ___4___ (I). I didn’t answer, In fact I dared not.
The clock struck twelve. “Oh, dear!” I cried. “Ten more books to read before I can go to bed!” We pupils are the most ___5___ (happy) creatures in the world. Dad does not agree with me on this. He did not have to work so hard when he was ___6___ boy.
The clock struck one. I was quite desperate now. I forgot all I ___7___ (learn). I was too tired to go on. I did the only thing I could. I prayed, “Oh, God, please help me pass the exam tomorrow. I do promise ___8___ (work) hard afterwards, Amen.” My eyes ___9___ (be) so heavy that I could hardly open them. A few minutes later, with my head on the desk, I fell ___10___ (sleep).
19【2022高分攻略】高考英语二轮复习学案(通用版)
专题四 介词与介词短语（解析卷）
黑龙江 哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
【考纲解读】
介词是一种虚词，常用来表明名词代词（或相当于名词的其它词类、短语或从句）与句中其它词的关系。介词不能单独作句子成份，需要和它后面的名词代词等介词宾语一起构成介词短语，在句中可作状语，表语，补语，定语。介词的用法很灵活，同一个介词可以表达多种意义，介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词、数量介词等。考点归纳为：
主要考查要点：
1. 简单介词的用法及辨析；
2. 介词短语辨析；
3. 固定搭配在语境中的运用。
【考点剖析】
一、简单介词的用法
例1：(2021年高考 全国乙卷）During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to 65__ its __growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types ___66___ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
【答案】of
【解析】句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。考查介词。various types of 为固定搭配表示“各种各样的”，所以空格处应填of。所以填of。
例2：(2020年高考 新课标I卷）The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so 65 the familiar near side.
【答案】 than
【解析】句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。考查介词。根据空前的比较级more so可知，此处填介词than，表示“比……更”。所以填than。
例3： (2020年高考 新课标I卷 改错） After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove, I waited patiently unless the oil was hot.
【答案】将off改为on
【解析】句意：之后我把油倒进一个平底锅，然后开火。考查介词。根据I poured oil into a pan及常识可知，把油倒进锅里后应是打开炉子，所以此处应使用短语turn on，所以将off改为on。
例4：（2020年高考 新课标II卷 改错）Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together on every day.
【答案】 去掉on
【解析】句意：然后我可以抽出一些时间再学一遍，这样我们就可以每天一起练习了。介词on后接的是具体时间。考查介词。every day 译为“每一天”，前不能用有任何介词修饰。所以on多余，应去掉。
【技巧提示】 高考中考查的介词有一大部分是表示方位、范围的介词，可以根据其汉语意思来解答此类试题。最主要的是记住常用借此的用法语意义。
二、介词短语的辨析
例1：(2021年高考 天津卷）Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are truly struggling. 30 simply satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.
A．Without B．Beyond C．Upon D．Among
【答案】 C
【解析】句意：在仅仅满足物质需求的基础上，他为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会。Without除了；Beyond越过；Upon在……上；Among在……中间。考查介词词义辨析。结合后文“simply satisfying a material need”表示“在仅仅满足物质需求的基础上”，应用介词Upon。所以选C。
例2：（2020年高考 江苏卷）Taking on this challenge will bring you _____ someone who shares your interests.
A. in exchange for B. in answer to C. in contact with D. in memory of
【答案】C
【解析】句意:接受这个挑战会让你和你有共同兴趣的人接触。考查介词短语辨析。in exchange for作为交换；in answer to回答；in contact with接触，与……有联系；in memory of纪念。根据空后someone who shares your interests及常识可知，此处指“和与你有共同兴趣的人接触”。所以，选C。
例3：(2020年高考 天津卷）For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake ______ a monkey.
A. in the shape of B. beyond the reach of
C. at the mercy of D. on the side of
【答案】 A
【解析】句意：我五岁生日的时候，妈妈给我烤了一个猴子形状的蛋糕。考查介词短语辨析。in the shape of，呈……形状；beyond the reach of超出……的能力之外at the mercy of 受……的支配；on the side of拥护……，站在……的一边。蛋糕是呈猴子的“形状”。所以，选A。
例4：（2019年高考 江苏卷）Favorable policies are ___________ to encourage employees' professional development.
A. in effect B. in command C. in turn D. in shape
【答案】 A
【解析】句意：好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。考查介词短语辨析。in effect实际上；in command指挥；in turn轮流，依次；in shape在外形上，处于良好的状态。所以，选A。
【技巧提示】 解答介词短语这类试题时可将介词短语置入句子，并进行逐一翻译的方法。解决此类题目的关键就是平时尽可能多积累相介词短语，解题时读懂题干的含义即可解决问题。
三、固定搭配
例1：(2021年高考 浙江卷）Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it ___37___ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their… marriage ceremony in 1842.
【答案】for
【解析】句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。考查介词。结合句意可知，此处考查固定短语：buy sth. for +价格，意为“以……价格买某物”。所以填for。
例2：(2021年高考 哈市德强高中模拟卷）
—Dave didn't respond ________any of my emails.
—Something _______have happened to him.
A. on; must B. with; could C. for; could D. to; must
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——我的邮件戴芙一封也没回复。——他肯定有什么事情。考查固定搭配。respond to 固定短语：回应；must have done固定短语：肯定做过，并表示对过去情况的肯定推测。所以，选D。
例3：(2020年高考 山东卷）Museums must compete 45 people’s spare time and money with other amusements.
【答案】for
【解析】句意：博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。考查介词的固定搭配。此处是固定短语compete for，意为“为了……竞争”。所以，填for。
例4：(2018年高考 新课标III卷） I was searching ____67____ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.
【答案】for
【解析】句意：我在寻找我研究的那三只西部低地大猩猩。考查动介词短语搭配。search for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，was searching表示“我（当时）正在寻找我在观察研究的”三只西部低地大猩猩。所以填for。
【技巧提示】 在解答固定搭配这类试题时，要注意从句子中找出中心词汇，并且既能与选项中的词构词成一个固定搭配，又要符合句意，这样问题就会迎刃而解。
【相关知识点连接】
一、简单介词的用法
1. 表示时间的介词
表示在……时间 at，on，in
at 用来表示时间上的一点，在记时上表示钟点，过几分、差几分；在美国英语中也可用来代替表示破晓、黎明、正午、子夜、日出日落等时，含有时间上一点的概念。
at breakfast / lunch /supper /dinner
At 5:13 on the morning of April 18th, 1906, the city of San Francisco was shaken by a terrible earthquake.
在1906年，四月18日的清晨5点13分，旧金山城市遭受了一场可怕的地震。
They are now at breakfast, talking about the plan for their trip.
他们正在吃早饭,谈论着他们旅行的计划。
in常用于上午、下午、晚上及表示季节、月份、年份等名词前，所指时间是可长可短的时间段。
They'll have a meeting at nine in the morning. 他们将在上午九点钟开会。
on用于特殊的日期或某日的上午、下午或晚上等。
They arrived early on a Tuesday morning.
他们是在一个星期二的清早到达的。
There'll be a strong wind on the evening of June 6th.
6月6日傍晚将有一场大风。
They enjoyed themselves very much on Children's Day.
儿童节那天他们玩得非常开心。
in + 一段时间 + ’s time与 within+一段时间 after+点时间
We'll meet in a week's time(=in a week)
in six days’ time (=in six days) (将来时)
within six days = in less than… (各种时态)
for与during+ 一段时间；since+点时间
since作介词时，后面接表示过去时间点的名词、代词、动名词；
作连词时，后接一般过去时的从句；
在含有since的句子，谓语动词用现在完成时
I haven't received his letters since he left.
自从他走后, 我一直没有收到他的信。
He has studied English since two years ago. 两年前他就开始学英语了。
对since的句子提问用 how long
for后跟时间段。
He hasn't come home for thirty years. 他已三十年没有回家了。
He has lived in Qingdao for 10 years。他住在青岛已经十年了。
during后跟时间段
During the summer holidays we went swimming every day.
There he stayed during／for the first two days．
She has stayed there since last year．
2. 表示时间先后的介词 before，after，in
表示时间先后的 before 和 after 表示某一时刻之前和之后
Come and see me tomorrow any time before eleven.
你可以在明天上午十一点以前的任何时候来看我。
You may play football after school. 放学之后你们可以踢足球。
in一般表示“从现在或说话时刻算起某一段时间之后，用于将来时；
after 表示：
1）以过去为起点的某一段时间之后，用于过去时；
2）与时间点连用，表示将来某个时间之后。
He will be back in a few days. 他几天之后就回来。
He left on Monday and returned after three days.
他星期一走的，三天后回来的。
He will be back after two o'clock. 两点之后他将回来。
in + 时间段也可作在……之内解
It's difficult to draw a horse well in half an hour.
半小时之内画好一匹马是困难的。
3. 表示地点的介词 at，in，on
at 一般是指比较小的地点和某种活动场所，或把一个地方看作一个点（不涉及大小）at the school gate，at the second crossing，at the bus stop，at the top of the paper，at the cinema，at 103 Wall Street，at the traffic lights。
A farmer arrives at a woman's house. 一位农民来到一位妇女的家里。
How long have you been at this school 你在这所学校呆了多久？
on表示：
1）某东西在一个平面上（包括竖着的平面）。
on the floor/ground/table/chair，on the wall，on the moon，on my head，on page seven。
2）某东西接触或接近一条线或类似一条线的东西（如河流、道路、边界等）
on a small river，on the road，on my way to school。
There was a big smile on her face. 她脸上充满笑容。
I'd like to take a boat on the River Nile. 我喜欢在尼罗河上乘船。
in主要表示在某一区域或某一立体空间。
如：in a country / city / town /village / garden / park / zoo，in the room / house / building / box，in the sky，in the sea， in the sun， in the middle of the day。
One day the man upstairs’ heard the sound of children playing in the park.一天楼上那个人听到了孩子们在公园玩耍的声音。
4. 表示“方位”的介词 in，to，on
in 表示在某一地域地区之内的某方位（属于该范围）；
to 表示在某一地域地区之外的某方位（不属该范围）；
on 表示与某地相邻的关系。
这三个词表达位置关系恰似数学中圆的“包含（in）、相离（to），相切（on）关系”。
Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 台湾位于中国东南部。
England lies to the west of France. 英国位于法国的西方。
Hunan is on the east of Guizhou. 湖南在贵州东面。
5. 表示上下的介词 above，over，on
on和over都表示在一物体上。on 强调两物相接触，over强调覆盖这一物体。
The children are drawing some pictures on the blackboard.
孩子们正在黑板上画一些画。
There's a picture on the wall. 墙上有一幅画。
over表示在某人或某物的正上方，反义词是under; above表示位置高于某人或某物，但不一定是正上方，反义词 below，over和above都可用来表示高于(= higher than).如果要表示覆盖或越过时，则用over。
Later, we ate our picnic under some trees. 后来，我们在一些树下野餐。
The water came up over / above our knees.水已涨至我们膝盖之上。
指数量时，一般用 over (= more than)，表示超过；
指上下垂直的度量及海拔高度时，要用above。
The temperature will stay above zero in the daytime.
白天温度将保持在零度以上。
6. 表示通过、经过的介词 across，through，over
这三个介词 across;，over和 through 都可用“通过、穿过”来解释，但侧重点不同。
across的含义与on有关，表示动作是在某一物体的表面进行的。
It took them six weeks to walk across the great desert.
他们花了六周时间才走了那个大沙漠。
through的含义与in有关，表示动作是在某一物体的空间里进行的。
The students walked through the gates with Uncle Wang.
学生们和王大叔一走穿过大门。
We can't travel through the forest by road. 我们不能从陆路穿过森林。
over表示动作在某物体的上方进行，译为“越过”。
Then we took off low a part of forest.
随后我们的飞机起飞了，飞过部分森林上空。
7. 表示方式 by，in，with
表示方式、手段的 介词，表示“用、以”。但三者用法不同。
by后常接动名词、名词，是指靠某种方法、手段来完成谓语的动作，或借助于某种交通工具。
in后接名词，表示用某种方式、语言、风格等。
另外用来与way构成in this / that/ a....... way表示：用……方法；一般多与一些抽象化了的名词搭配。如果这些名词前加上冠词，成为有形的、具体的东西，就要用介词with；write with a pencil（用铅笔写）。with 后接有形的、具体的东西。
Learn to swim by swimming. 在游泳中学习游泳。
You shouldn't have treated the matter in the wrong way.
你不该用错误的方法来对待这件事。
Guo Mo-ro began to write in poem.
郭沫若以诗歌的形式开始了他的文学生涯。
An English teacher should try to teach in English.
英语教师应尽量用英语教学。
It's impolite to write a letter in red. 用红笔写信是不礼貌的。
Genuine friendship can not be bought with money.
真正的友谊是无法用金钱买到的。
8. 表示除......以外的介词 besides，but，except，except for
besides 除了……以外，还有……，强调部分包括在整体之内。
Everybody laughed besides John.
除了约翰外，每个人都笑了 (John 包括在everybody之内) 。
I can see how English is used in everyday life as well. Besides I enjoy learning about new things form politics to sports.
我还可以看到日常生活中是怎样使用英语的。此外，我还喜欢了解从政治到体育、音乐的新动态。
but (prep) 除了……外，相当于except，but常与否定词、next、last以及部分形容词最高级连用，后接名词、代词和不定式。
I did nothing but write a letter this morning.
今天早晨除写了一封信外，我什么都没有做。
He wanted nothing but to have a chance to try it.
除了有机会试一试外，他别无所求。
【注意】 but后接不定式时，何时带to要依据前面动词是否有do而定。即有do不带to，无do要带to。
except 除……以外，强调从整体中除去一部分，不能放在句首，后可接名词、代词或从句。多指对同类事的排除。
Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao. 除了林涛外，大家都到齐了。
except for 除……以外，只……。它强调从整体中排除一部分，是对主语的内容起到修正的作用，指对非同类事物的排除。
Your composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.
你的作文写得很好，除了几处拼写错。(composition与mistakes不同类)
二、介词短语的辨析
1．常见的介词短语
(1) out of ＋ 名词
out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 不可能
out of order 次序颠倒 out of sight 看不见
out of place 不合适 out of pity 出于同情
out of curiosity 出于好奇
(2) in＋名词
in power 掌权 in good condition 状态良好
in despair 绝望地 in public/secret 公开地/秘密地
in tears 哭泣 in good/bad repair 保养得好/不好
in charge 负责，掌管； in a hurry 匆忙
in anger 生气； in trouble 有困难
(3) in＋名词＋介词
in case of 以防万一 in honor of 为了纪念……
in favor of 支持 in memory of 为了纪念……
in charge of 负责 in terms of从……角度
in praise of 表扬 in view of鉴于
in return for 作为对……的回报 in response to对……的答复或反应
(4) under＋名词
under control 受控 under attack遭到攻击 under way在进行中
under discussion 在讨论 under consideration 在讨论/考虑中
(5) at＋名词
at work 在工作 at play 在玩耍 at dinner 在吃饭
at ease轻松、自由自在 at war 在打仗
(6) on＋名词
on fire着火 on purpose故意地 on duty值日
on the phone 打电话 on leave在休假 on holiday在度假
on a walk在散步 on the rise/fall上升/下降 on sale出售
on show /exhibition 展出 on business 出差
on one’s way to在去……的路上 on a visit /trip /tour 出行
(7) to one’s＋情感名词
to one’s surprise令某人惊讶的是 to one’s joy使某人高兴的是
to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是 to one’s delight使某人高兴的是
(8) 易错常考介词和介词搭配
of + 抽象名词 = 形容词
of +great + 抽象名词 = 形容词
of +no + 抽象名词 = 形容词
It is of great value = It is very valuable.
It is of no use = It is not useful.
三、固定搭配
1．动词+介词
ask for (请求；向……要) arrive in／at (到达) belong to(属于)
knock at／on(敲门) live on (以……为主食 靠……生活)
point at／to(指着……／指向) stand by／for (与……站在一起／代表)
2．动词+ 副词+介词
do well in (在……方面干得好) break away from (从……脱离)
do away with (废除) catch up with (赶上) come down with (患上)
put up with (忍受) go on with (继续……) keep up with (跟上)
add up to (总计) drop in on (顺便看望某人) get away from(从……逃离)
own to (着手进行……) date back to (始于) come up to (达到)
hold on to (坚持；抓牢) write back to(给……回信)
look forward to (盼望) get out of(摆脱；从……出来)
go in for(喜爱；参加) run out of (用完；耗尽)
make up for (弥补) look down on／upon(轻视)
work hard at (努力干……) get along／on with(进行／进展……)
3．动词 +(名代) +介词
catch sight of (看到……) fix one’s eyes on／upon (注视／盯着)
give a lesson to (教训) have words with (与……吵架)
make friends with (与……交朋友) make fun of(取笑)
make room for(为……腾地方) pay attention to (注意)
shake hands with (与……握手) say hello to (向……问好)
show sb. around (带……参观) take care of (照顾)
take part in(参加)take the place of(替代) take pride in (以……自豪)
remember me to (代我向……问好) devote oneself to (献身于……)
4．名词+介词
advice on／about (关于……的忠告) the answer to (……的答案)
the key to (……的钥匙) a chance of (……的机会)
an entrance to (……的入口) knowledge of(对……的了解)
the matter with (……有毛病) objection to(反对……)
pay for (……的付款) (a) pity at／for／on (对……的怜悯)
plenty of (许多) return to (返回……)
success in (……方面的成功) thanks to (幸亏)
thanks for (……的感谢) a visit to(对……拜访／参观)
5．名词 +介词 +名词
arm in arm (手挽手) back to back (背靠背)
day after day (日复一日) the day after tomorrow (后天)
the day before yesterday (前天) day by day (逐日)
one by one (依次) step by step (逐步) ten to one (十有八九)
6．介词+名词 +介词
on account of(因为) at the age of (在……岁时)
at the beginning of (在……开始) in charge of (负责……)
during the course of(在……期间) in search of(寻找)
in favor of (赞成) in honor of someone (为表示对某人的敬意)
by the side of(在……旁边) in memory of(为纪念……)
in spite of(尽管……) by accident／chance(偶然地)
for ages(好久)； of an／one age(周岁) after all(毕竟)
in all／in total (总计) under construction (在建设中)
in need of (需要) on the contrary(相反地)
out of control(失控) under control(在控制下)
at／in the corner(在拐角处／在角落里) against one's will (违背某人意愿地)
out of date (过时的) on duty(在值班) at hand (在手头)by hand(用手)
in a hurry (匆忙地) in no hurry(不急不忙地)
on the left／right (在左／右边) to the left／right (向左，右边)
by no means (决不) by this means(以这种方式)
in／out of order(依次地／混乱) at(sb.’s) pleasure(随意地)
for pleasure (为了消遣) in／out of pocket(赚／赔钱)
with pleasure(高兴地) with care (小心地)
off／from／beside the point (不切题) to the point／purpose (切题)
over／on the radio (通过收音机) on radio (与无线电有关)
for sale(待出售) on sale(出售) after／at school (放学后，在学校)
at／by sea(当水手／乘船) in／out of sight (看得见／看不见)
for／in size(按大小／在尺寸方面) by the way (顺便说)
in the way(挡道) in sb.'s／the way (妨碍某人) at will (随意)
to sb.'s delight／joy/regret／surprise (令人高兴／快乐／后悔／吃惊……)
7．形容词/分词等+介词
(be)absent from (缺席……) according to (根据……)
afraid of／for (害怕……／替……担心) angry about／at (为某事生气)
angry with／about (与某人，事生气) anxious about／for (担忧／渴求)
bad／good at (在……方面差／好) good for／to (对……有益处／友好)
busy with (忙于某事) certain／sure about／of (确信……)
(be)close to (靠近……) engaged in／to (从事……／与……订婚)
equal to (与……相等) famous／known for／to (因……著名／为……所知)
kind of／to (对……友好) (be)fit／suitable for (适与……／与……适合)
ready for (准备好……) rich in／with (富于……)
rude to／of(sb.) (对……粗鲁) sad about／at／over／with (为……悲伤)
terrified at/by/with (被……吓一跳) worthy of (值得／配得上……)
worried about／by (担心／为……困忧) strict with sh.／in sth. (对……严格)
【强化训练】
I. 改错（题1-2）或 填空（题3-9）
1. (2021年高考 全国甲卷 改错）… Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they’re of the same age and can understand each other. Some will tum out (考查固定搭配) to their parents or teachers for help. Only a little (改为few) choose to deal with the problems on our (our 改为→ their) own…
【答案】去掉out
【解析】句意：……许多学生说，他们会和朋友或同学交谈，因为他们年龄相仿，能够相互理解。有些人会向父母或老师求助。只有少数人选择自己解决问题…… 考查固定搭配：turn to sb. For help表示想某人寻求帮助，所以turn后面去掉out。
2. (2020年高考 新课标I卷）＂Not that way,＂my mom tried to stop us but failed.
【答案】 将us改为me
【解析】句意：不是那样。”我的妈妈尽力阻止我，但是没阻止成。考查代词。根据上文可知，是作者一个人做菜，此处指的是妈妈尽力阻止“我”，应使用第一人称单数的宾格，故将us改为me。
3. (2021年高考 全国乙卷）It was not widely accepted as a travel concept __64__ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
【答案】until
【解析】句意：直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。考查固定句型。根据句意可知，此处表示“直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”，表示“直到……才……”使用固定句型“not…until…”。所以填until。
4.（2020高考 浙江卷）Some time after 10,000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 56 , through agriculture.
【答案】in
【解析】句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。考查介词。分析可知，“they lived _____”是前面名词the world 的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world，所以是live in+名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填in。
5. (2020年高考 新课标II卷）Oranges: Orange trees are more 64 decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.
【答案】 than
【解析】句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品，它们更好运和财富的象征。more than不仅仅，不只是。所以，填than。
6. (2020年高考 新课标III卷）The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70 earth, Mother Nature.
【答案】 on
【解析】句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。考查介词。结合句意表示“在世界上/在地球上”短语为on earth。所以，填on。
7. (2019年高考 新课标I卷) Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.
【答案】 of / for
【解析】句意：追踪北极熊种群的现代方法从20世纪80年代中期才开始使用，而且在大面积范围内进行一致性追踪的成本很高。考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of 连接，“methods of doing sth.”意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。所以，填of / for。
8.（2019年高考 浙江卷）But can uniforms help improve school standards The answer ___61___ this question is not clear.
【答案】to
【解析】句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。考查介词。the key/answer to ...这是固定搭配，“……的答案是……”。所以，填to。
9. (2019年高考 新课标III卷) We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs，seven to be exact.
【答案】 of
【解析】句意：我们第一次接到的是一群狗，准确地说是七条狗。考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。所以，填of。
II. 单项选择
10.（2021年高考 新高考Ⅰ卷） This was harder than it sounds. ___51___ a bit and the cakes pile up.
A. Calm down B. Slow down C. Stay on D. Move on
【答案】 B
【解析】句意：事实比听起来更难。稍微慢一点的话蛋糕就会堆积起来。考查固定短语词义辨析。考题中的这篇文章讲述的是作者中学时代假期在蛋糕厂工作的经历，从上下文可知，动作慢下来，蛋糕就会堆积起来。Calm down冷静下来；Slow down慢下来；Stay on继续坚持；Move on继续前行。所以选择答案B。
11.（2021年高考英语真题试卷，全国乙卷，第三部分语言知识运用43题）My thoughts were soon ___43___. We had a woman patient who was recovering from a knee replacement operation.
A. brushed aside B. put to the test
C. brought under discussion D. taken into account
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我的想法很快得到了检验。我们有一位女性患者，她正处于膝关节置换手术后康复之中。考题中这篇文章的作者讲述了自己和医疗团队给一位女病号治疗的经历。（这句话之前的意思是：在某些情况下，仅仅说声谢谢似乎是不够的。就在几周前，作为一名护士的我就想到了这个问题。我想，如果我们有一系列表达不同等级感激之情的词语，那会容易得多。）考查固定搭配的词义辨析。brushed aside放一边、抛开，撇开；put to the test经受考验；brought under discussion引起讨论；taken into account考虑到。从上下文可知，作者想表达的是他的想法得到了考验。所以选择答案B。
12. (2020年高考 哈市德强高中模拟卷) Determining where we are _______ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.
A. in contrast to B. in defense of C. in face of D. in relation to
【答案】D
【解析】句意：根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。考查介词短语的辨析。in contrast to对比，截然不同；in defense of为……辩护；in face of面对；in relation to与……有关。所以，选D。
13. (2020年高考 哈市模拟试卷) He gained his wealth __________ works of famous writers.
A. with printing B. by a printing C. by the printing D. by printing
【答案】D
【解析】句意：他通过印刷著名作家的作品获得了财富。by通过……方式或手段，名词或动名词之前不加冠词，所以排除B和C；with后+具体的工具，因此也排除A；只有答案D符合要求。故答案为D。
14. I know nothing about the young lady _________ that she is from Beijing.
A. except for B. besides C. besides for D. except
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我对这位年轻女士一无所知，只知道她是北京人。except后可以接从句；except for后接名词或者相当于名词的词。except侧重于排除在外，从整体里减去，可与but换用，语气比but强一些。except for多用在说明基本情况或对主要部分加以肯定，并引出相反的原因或细节，部分地修正前面的主要意思，含有惋惜的意味。答案C搭配错误；答案B是包括在内，根据主句的意思一点都不了解，而后面的句子是来自于北京，所以是排除在外的意思。故选择答案D。
15. Many people who live along the coast make a living _______ fishing industry.
A. at B. in C. on D. by
【答案】B
【解析】句意：许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词in，不用by。因为by后面通常接做什么事情来谋生，此处指的是在……行业里面，意思是：在捕鱼这个行业里谋生，所以用in，故选B。
16. (2018年高考 江苏卷) China’s soft power grows _______ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.
A. in line with B. in reply to C. in return for D. in honor of
【答案】A
【解析】句意：中国的软实力增长与日俱增，全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。考查介词短语词义辨析以及对语境的理解。in line with按照；与……一致；in reply to答复；in return for作为……的报酬；in honor of为纪念。所以，选A。
17. (2020年高考 哈市德强模拟试卷) When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _____ trees that are over 1,000 years old.
A. among B. against C. behind D. below
【答案】A
【解析】句意：当你开车穿过加州的红木森林时，你就会处于超过百年历史的树木之间。be among 位于之间；be against 反对；be behind 在后面；be below在之下。根据句意，故选A。
18. (2018年高考 天津卷) Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ___________.
A. at first B. after all C. above all D. at random
【答案】B
【解析】句意：鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会，因为他不得不写一份报告，但他毕竟还是去了。考查固定搭配词义辨析。at first首先；after all毕竟，终究；above all首先；at random随便地。根据前面的转折连词可知，与前面的情况相反，所以选B。
19. (2018年高考 北京卷)
—Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.
—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.
A. for B. on C. in D. at
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词。句意：——早上好，Lee先生办公室。——早上好。我想预约下周三下午。make an appointment for意为“为……预约”，是固定搭配，故A选项正确。
20. (2020年高考 哈市模拟试卷) Mr. Brown said he was by no means annoyed, ________ the contrary, he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood.
A. for B. in C. on D. at
【答案】C
【解析】句意：布朗先生说他一点都不生气，相反，他很高兴能使大家明白自己(说的话)。根据句意可知，这里要用介词短语on the contrary，意为“相反地”。所以，选择答案C。
III. 语法填空
The clock struck eleven at night. The whole house was quiet. Everyone was in bed ___1___ me. Under the strong light, I looked sadly before me at several ___2___ (pile) of that troublesome stuff they call “books”.
I was going to have my examination the next day. “___3___ can I go to bed ” I asked ___4___ (I). I didn’t answer, In fact I dared not.
The clock struck twelve. “Oh, dear!” I cried. “Ten more books to read before I can go to bed!” We pupils are the most ___5___ (happy) creatures in the world. Dad does not agree with me on this. He did not have to work so hard when he was ___6___ boy.
The clock struck one. I was quite desperate now. I forgot all I ___7___ (learn). I was too tired to go on. I did the only thing I could. I prayed, “Oh, God, please help me pass the exam tomorrow. I do promise ___8___ (work) hard afterwards, Amen.” My eyes ___9___ (be) so heavy that I could hardly open them. A few minutes later, with my head on the desk, I fell ___10___ (sleep).
【答案与解析】
1. except / but 考查介词。联系下文可知，每个人都在睡觉除了我。根据句意可知这里用except/but。
2. piles 考查名词。句意：在强光下，我坐在几大堆叫做书本的麻烦东西前面看起来很难过。前面有several修饰，可知这里用名词复数piles。piles of一大堆，成堆的。故这里用piles。
3. When 考查语境。联系上文我第二天要参加考试，11点了还在看书，可知这里的问题是“我什么时候才能去睡觉？”故用When。
4. myself 考查反身代词。联系下句I didn’t answer可推知，我问的是自己，故用myself。
5. unhappy 考查语境。联系上文I cried. “Ten more books to read before I can go to bed!”，可知作者认为“我们的孩子是世界上最不快乐的”。故用unhappy。
6. a 考查冠词。句意：当他是孩子时，他不需要学习这么努力。这里可数名词boy，表示泛指，故用不定冠词a。
7. had learned 考查时态。句意：我忘记了所有我学过的。主句用过去时，故从句用过去完成时，表示“过去的过去”，所有用had learned。
8. to work 考查不定式。句意：我一定承诺之后努力学习。promise to do承诺做某事。故这里用to work。
9. were 考查时态以及主谓一致。句意：我的眼睛如此疲惫以至于我几乎睁不开了。根据上下文可知，这里是一般过去时，主语是My eyes，故用were。
10. asleep 考查固定结构。句意：几分钟之后，我的头放在书桌上，睡着了。fall asleep意为“睡着，入睡”。故这里用asleep。
19