中考英语二轮语法复习学案：非谓语动词（要点梳理+强化训练）（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
中考英语语法复习-非谓语动词
要点梳理
非谓语动词的各种形式
非谓语动词 构成 特征和作用
不定式 to do 具有名词、副词和形容词的作用，在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、表语、补足语和状语。
分词 现在分词 doing 具有副词和形容词的作用，在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、表语、补足语和状语。
过去分词 done
动名词 doing 具有名词的作用，在句子中作主语、宾语、定语和表语
非谓语动词作宾语
分类 用法 示例
不定式作宾语 有些动词后跟不定式作宾语 常接不定式作宾语的有：afford承担得起，ask要求，agree同意，choose选择，decide决定，except预料，预计，fail失败，hope希望，help帮助，manage成功，offer提供，prepare准备，pretend假装，plan计划，promise许诺，refuse拒绝，want想要，wish希望
不定式一般不直接作介词宾语，但“疑问词+不定式”可以作介词宾语 The young soldier really doesn't know what to do to stop the baby from crying hard. 这位年轻的战士真的不知该让这个孩子停止哭闹。I am interested in what to do but not how to do it.我对该干什么感兴趣，而对如何做并不感兴趣。
动名词作宾语 有些动词后跟动名词作宾语 常接动名词作宾语的动词有：enjoy享受，finish完成，keep继续，mind介意，miss错过，practise练习，suggest建议，avoid避免，allow允许，consider认为，advise建议，image想象
同一动词后接不定式与动名词作宾语的区别 remember doing sth. 记得过去做过某事 I remembered turning off the lights when I left the room. 我记得我离开房间的时候关灯了。Remember to turn off the lights when you leave the room. 你离开房间时，要记得关灯。
remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事
forget doing sth. 记得过去做过某事 I have forgotten watering the flowers.我忘记已经浇过花了。don't forget to lock up when you leave.离开时，别忘了上锁。
forget to do sth. 记得要去做某事
try doing sth. 尝试着做某事 let's try knocking at the back door.咱们敲门试试。We’ll try to improve our teaching methods.我们要设法改进我们的教学方法。
try to do sth. 尽力做某事
go on doing sth. 继续不停地做某事 Get the children to go on telling stories one by one. 让孩子们继续一个一个地讲故事。
go on to do sth. 做完一件事，接着去做另一件事 After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics.做完数学作业后，他接着做物理作业。
注意：有些动词后既可接不定式也可接动名词且意义区别不大。常用的这类动词有like，begin，start，continue等。
非谓语动词作宾语补足语
分类 用法 示例
不定式作宾语补足语 有些动词后面用带to的不定式作宾语补足语 ask要求，advise建议，allow允许，beg乞求，encourage鼓励，except期待，get使，invite邀请，order命令，tell告诉，want想要，warn警告，wish希望
表示“看、听”等的动词、使动词作宾语补足语的不定式要省略to。但若变成被动语态，不定式符号to要保留（let除外）。 “二听”hear，listen to；“三让”let，make，have；“四看”see，watch，notice，look at。
现在分词作宾语补足语 现在分词作宾语补足语主要表示正在进行意义。常用在表示“看、听”等的动词see、watch，hear，notice等后或使役动词have，get等后。 When I was young，I preferred to watch trains pulling in and out.小时候我喜欢看火车进站和出站的情景。
过去分词作宾语补足语 作宾语补足语的过去分词多来自及物动词，表示被动意义，说明宾语的状态或性质 If you want to make yourself respected，you are above all to respect others.如果你想让自己被尊重，你必须先尊重别人。
注意：在see，watch，find，hear等动词后，既可接不带to的不等式作宾语补足语，也可以接现在分词作宾语补足语。前者表示动作的全过程或经常性，后者表示动作正在进行。
I saw her pass across the road. 我看见她穿过了马路。（动作过程全部结束）
I saw her passing across the road. 我看见她正在穿过马路。（动作正在进行）
非谓语动词作主语
用法 示例
不定式作主语 不定式作主语的动作一般是具体的，一次性的，意义上常带有完成性或目的性。常用it作形式主语，而把不定式后置。 To learn English well is very important.→It is very important to learn English well .学好英语很重要。
动名词作主语 动名词作主语一般表示经常性、习惯性的动作，或已知的事、经验等。有时也用it作形式主语，把真正主语动词后置。 Swimming in the sea is his his favorite sport. 在大海里游泳是他最喜爱的运动。Saying so much is useless.→It is useless saying so much . 说这么多没有用处。
注意：常用it代替动名词作形式主语的句式有：It is no use/good doing…，It is useful doing…等。
非谓语动词作定语
分类 用法 示例
不定式作定语 不定式作主语的动作一般是具体的，一次性的，意义上常带有完成性或目的性。常用it作形式主语，而把不定式后置。 I am the only man to hear the news. 我是唯一一个听到这个消息的人。I have a lot of questions to ask. 我有很多问题要问。The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy. 医生说他对那个男孩无能为力了。
分词作定语 动名词作主语一般表示经常性、习惯性的动作，或已知的事、经验等。有时也用it作形式主语，把真正主语动词后置。 He is a young man with pleasing manner. 他是一个举止讨人喜欢的年轻人。The room was full of people waiting for the headmaster. 房间里挤满了等候校长的人们。
非谓语动词作状语
分类 用法 示例
不定式作状语 不定式作状语主要表示原因、目的、结果等。表示原因和结果时一般不置于句首。 I am glad to see you here. 很高兴在这里见到你。The room is large enough to hold 1000 people. 这个房间足够大，可以容纳1000人。
分词作状语 分词作状语主要表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式或伴随等。现在分词表示的动作与句子主语是逻辑上主动关系，过去式表示的动作与句子的主语是逻辑上的被动关系。 Reading the newspaper，I heard the doorbell rang. 看报纸时，我听见门铃响了。Living far from the school， I have to get up early every morning . 由于住得离学校远，我每天早晨不得不早起。
注意：不定式作结果状语常用于too…to，enough to do结构中。
例：the box was too heavy for me to lift. 箱子太重，我提不起来。
七、非谓语动词的固定用法
固定用法 意义 例句
would rather to do sth. than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿作某事 I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.我宁可在家看电视也不愿和我们一起去
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.或prefer doing sth. rather than doing sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿作某事 He preferred to stay at home rather than go with us. 他宁可待在家里也不愿和我们一起去。
be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 She is worth trusting.她值得信任。
Why（not）do sth. 为什么（不）做某事（表示建议或责问） Why not go here after supper 为什么不吃完晚饭去那里呢
feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 What do you feel like doing when you grow up 你长大想要干什么
What/How about doing sth. 做某事怎么样 What/How about going to the Disneyland together
had better do sth. 最好做某事 we had better go to school at once.我们最好马上去上学。
强化训练：
Ⅰ.单项选择
The retired couple enjoy ______photos，They always go out with their cameras.
A、take B、took C、to take D、taking
My parents asked me_______computer games.
A、take B、took C、to take D、taking
—Oh，it’s too difficult for me______the task in such a short time.
—Cheer up！ I’m sure you can.
A、finish B、to finish C、finished D、finishing
—what a heavy rain！
—so it is. I prefer_____rather ____on such a rainy day.
A、to go out；stay at home B、to stay at home； go out；
C、going out；stay at home D、staying at home； go out
I always forget some new words. I’m very upset and don’t know_______.
How to do B、when to do C、what to do D、where to do
Why not______your teacher for help when you can’t finish______the story by yourself.
A、to ask；write B、to ask；writing C、ask；writing D、ask；to write
He often drinks two cups of______water when he comes back.
A、boiling B、boil C、boiled D、boils
—Driving less and walking more is good for your health.
—So，I’d rather______an hour’s walk to work than consider______a car.
A、take；drive B、taking；to drive C、take；driving D、taking；driving
—Would you like_____camping with me？
—I’d rather to. But I’m busy______my homework.
A、to go；to do B、to go；doing C、going；to do D、going；doing
The Great Green Wall can stop the wind and sand______to the rich land in the south of China.
A、move B、to move C、moving D、moved
Tony often makes his sister______，but this time he was made_____by his sister.
A、cry；cry B、crying；crying C、to cry；cry D、cry；to cry
It was such a funny show that people couldn’t help______again and again.
A、laugh B、to laugh C、laughing D、laughed
Don’t forget______a coat with you. It’s cold outside.
A、take B、took C、to take D、taking
Would mind______in the dining room.
A、not to smoke B、not smoking C、 smoking not D、to not smoke
When I walked past the park，I saw some old people______Chinese Taiji.
A、do B、did C、 doing D、are doing
Paul made a nice cage______the little sick bird till it could fly.
A、keep B、kept C、 keeping D、to keep
Students should learn how______problem.
A、solve B、solving C、 can solve D、to solve
The boy is looking forward______a good time after the exam.
A、to have B、has C、have D、having
In some big cites of China salaries are expected ______by fifteen percent this year.
A、increase B、increasing C、increased D、to increase
Sorry，I haven't enough money ______the new iPad.
A、buying B、bought C、to buy D、buy
Ⅱ.根据句意，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空
The boy ______（call）Jimmy is my new classmate.
The teenagers are allowed______（choose）the way they like to deal with the problem.
A mobile phone of this type costs too much at present. You’d better______ （wait）.
What about_____ （go）for a walk after dinner？
We should study the new traffic rules and learn how______ （protect）ourselves.
It take me half an hour______ （play）the piano every day.
My parents often tell me not______ （eat）too much junk because it's bad for my health.
After reading the words，he went on______ （write）them.
The girl______ （stand）under the tree is really charming.
I don’t feel like______ （eat）anything now.
His sister decided______ （not write）to him again.
Mary is heard______（sing）English songs every morning .
There must be something wrong with my TV set. I’ll have it______ （repair）.
Noodles are my favorite. But I don't like______ （eat）them when I feel sick.
The broken bike needs______ （repaired）at once.
He promised______ （send）me the bill as soon as possible.
It's no use______ （ask）him about it.
The boy kept______ （wait）outside the bole for ten minutes.
I can’t read many books every month，and I think most of them are worth______ （reading）.
This problem is a bit difficult. Let me______ （think）it over.
Ⅲ根据句意及括号内的汉语提示完成句子，每空一词
she didn't know______ ______ ______ ______（选择哪一套）.
How can you______the boy ______ ______ （使……停止哭泣）.
He has no house______ ______ ______（居住）.
The question is______ ______ ______ ______（下一步做什么）.
You’d better not read a passage by ______（翻译）every word into Chinese .
It good to ______ ______ （帮助）others，when they in trouble.
Have you got anything______ ______ （要说）at the meeting？
She is______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______（够上学的年龄）.
He went to school without_____（吃）breakfast.
I’m trying to give up ______（吸烟）.
练习答案
Ⅰ.单项选择
1-5DBBBC， 6-10CCCBC，11-15DCCBC， 16-20DDDDC
Ⅱ.根据句意，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空
called 2.to choose 3.wait 4.going 5.to protect 6.to play 7.to eat 8.to write 9.standing 10.eating
not to write 12.to sing 13.repaired 14.to eat 15.repairing/to be repaired.
Ⅲ根据句意及括号内的汉语提示完成句子，每空一词
which coat to choose
make；stop crying
to live in
what to do next
translating
to help
to say
old enough to go to school
having/eating
smoking
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