Unit 2 Heroes
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
(2021·广州市高三年级阶段训练)
BookWorm Cultural Homestay ProgramSTAY IN THE ASIAN COUNTRY OF YOUR CHOICE FOR 3 MONTHS
Our program gives you the chance to improve your Asian language skills (or start learning a new language) as well as discovering more about the country you are visiting.You will live with a local family specially chosen for you based on your shared interests.In return for teaching the family's children English for around 2 hours each day，you will be given the chance to experience the local language and culture.You will also receive 400 dollars pocket money each month，as well as free plane tickets to and from the country you visit.
ABOUT THE PROGRAM
TO TAKE PARTYOU MUST： Have a current passport Be a senior middle school or university student Be between 16 and 25 years old Have excellent English language skills Be open to other cultures Be interested in Asian culture BOOKWORM WILLGIVE YOU ： Free tickets to and from thecountry you choose Local language lessons (6 hours per week) Your own private bedroom with free Internet Pocket money($400 a month) A local phone card Airport pickup，welcome dinner and a 3 day city tour
For a full list of participating countries and details about how to apply please visit our website www.bookwormasia.org.
1．Why would a homestay family probably want to take part in this program
A．They are eager to share their interests.
B．They are paid to do so by the company.
C．They wish to travel to other countries later.
D．They want their own children to learn English.
2．Who CANNOT take part in the program as a homestay visitor
A．Someone who already speaks an Asian language.
B．A student that has taken part in the program before.
C．A 24 year old middle school English teacher from the UK.
D．A student born in a non English language speaking country.
3．What will each homestay visitor receive for free as part of the program
A．A mobile phone.
B．A return airplane ticket.
C．Three restaurant meals a day.
D．Citywide bus and train travel.
B
(2021·潍坊市高三阶段性监测)
My parents owned a neighborhood bar called the M Ninety Seven，named after a nearby highway，on the corner of State Fair and Hoover Avenues in Detroit.Built in the 1930s，it had a long wooden bar that was on the right as you walked in.I_grew_up_in_the__bar．When most kids of my age were at the park playing ball or riding bikes，I was watching old men shoot pool and play shuffleboard(沙壶球).
My father spent his entire life serving drinks and bringing cheer to customers.There were the white collars who would step in to unwind from the day's stress.They would bend elbows with the blue collars and day laborers on either side of them.It always surprised me that they were able to mingle(相交往).I would sit at the last table by the kitchen，sipping Cokes and eating a bag of Better Made potato chips with my twin sister，watching it all.
It was the 1960s version of a reality show.There was Big Bill，the tough talking policeman who stood six and a half feet tall and weighed just shy of the beer truck he drank daily.His views on society could be hard to listen to at times.But one night，he showed that he was all talk.While Bill was on patrol (巡逻)，a call came over the radio about an apartment fire.He raced the scout car to the scene，beating even the fire crew.The building was ablaze.He ran up three flights of stairs through smoke and flames to rescue two frightened children.Bill carried them out in his arms like each was a carton of eggs.The man with an explosive mouth but a keg sized heart saved the day.
Years passed，my father died，and the bar was sold.Like secondhand smoke，the words and the scenes from that bar stayed with me.
4．What did the author want to tell us by the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1
A．His family built a wooden bar.
B．He didn't play with kids at the park.
C．He liked making friends with old men.
D．He was familiar with everything in the bar.
5．What's the purpose for the white collars to go to the bar
A．To drink beer. B．To watch others.
C．To communicate. D．To relax themselves.
6．Which of the following can best describe Bill
A．Rude and careless.
B．Tough but a little bit shy.
C．Complaining but responsible.
D．Talkative and narrow hearted.
7．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．The bar impressed the writer a lot.
B．The father didn't manage the bar well.
C．Secondhand smoke is similar to the bar.
D．The writer has nothing to do with the bar.
C
(2021·潍坊市高三阶段监测)
The food delivery industry now is a hotly competitive business，attracting the world's biggest moneybags such as Alibaba and SoftBank.Balancing the needs of diners，cooks and couriers(专递公司)is complicated.Most new companies lose money.Yet they have received more than $30bn from venture capitalists (资本家) in the past five years.And they are likely to get more.
The food delivery business can be divided into two camps：mostly profitable veterans(老手) and loss making newcomers.The veterans，founded at the start of the century，are led by publicly traded Grubhub in America，and Just Eat and Takeaway in Europe.They account for the largest share of the market，offering customers online access to restaurants.Their relatively simple business model，in which they take a cut of the bill from the restaurants，has enabled Grubhub and Just Eat to turn a profit for years.Takeaway makes money in its home market of the Netherlands.
The newbies，born more recently，have turned a once tidy business into a food fight.For most of them，delivery is their core business，so they share their cut of the bill with riders as well as restaurants.This substantially broadens the market to restaurants but profit suffers.
The only mouth watering aspect of the delivery business is its potential size.According to Bernstein，almost a third of the global restaurant industry is made up of home delivery，takeaways and drive throughs，which could be worth $1 trn by 2023.In 2018 delivery amounted to $161bn，leaving plenty of room for online firms to expand.
Yet it is by no means clear if anyone can make money by delivering meals.In fact，the economics may be even worse.Delivery businesses have ways to cut their losses.One is to diversify further，by delivering groceries，flowers，booze，and even people，as well as meals.Another is to provide cheaper meals by centrally supplying ingredients to restaurants.In the dog eat dog world of food delivery，it will still be hard.
8．How can the veterans make a profit
A．They get lots of support from capitalists.
B．They offer customers great convenience.
C．They draw a part of profit from restaurants.
D．They balance the complicated needs successfully.
9．What makes the delivery business attractive
A．Massive profits.
B．Development prospects.
C．Satisfying service.
D．Efficient management.
10．What is the author's attitude towards making money by delivering meals
A．Positive. B．Definite.
C．Uncertain. D．Confident.
11．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A.Delivery businesses balance some complicated needs.
B．Meal delivery attracts the world's biggest moneybags.
C．The two camps of delivery businesses compete fiercely.
D．The food delivery business is anything but tasty business.
D
(2021·辽宁六校协作体高三第一次考试)
We've known that sitting for long periods of time every day has countless health consequences，like a higher risk of heart disease.But now a new study has found that sitting is also bad for your brain.
A study conducted by Dr.Prabha Siddarth at the University of California，showed that sedentary (久坐不动的)behavior is associated with reduced thickness of the medial temporal lobe (中颞叶)，a brain area that is critical to learning and memory.
The researchers asked a group of 35 healthy people，aged 45 to 70，about their activity levels and the average number of hours each day spent sitting and then scanned their brains.They found that the subjects who reported sitting for longer periods had the thinnest medial temporal lobes.It means that the more time you spend in a chair，the worse it is for your brain health，resulting in possible damage to learning and memory.
What is also interesting is that this study did not find a significant association between the level of physical activity and thickness of this brain area，suggesting that exercise，even severe exercise，may not be enough to protect you from the harmful effects of sitting.
It then surprisingly turned out that you don't even have to move much to enhance cognition; just standing will do the trick.For example，two groups of subjects were asked to complete a test while either sitting or standing.Participants were presented with conflicting stimuli(刺激)，like the word “green” in blue ink，and asked to name the color.Subjects thinking on their feet beat those who sat by a 3 millisecond margin．
The cognitive effects of severe physical exercise are well known.But the possibility that standing more and sitting less improves brain health could lower the standard for everyone.
I know，this all runs counter to received ideas about deep thought，from our grade school teachers，who told us to sit down and focus，to Rodin's famous “The Thinker”，seated with the chin on his hand.
They were wrong.You can now all stand up.
12．What can we know from Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4
A．Severe exercise can lessen the damage of sitting.
B.Severe exercise can greatly improve our brain health.
C．Sedentary behavior will possibly damage our brain.
D.Brain health has nothing to do with sedentary behavior.
13．What does the underlined word “margin” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．Blank. B．Edge.
C．Decrease. D．Difference.
14．What is the received idea about deep thought
A．Sitting more is good for our mental health.
B．Sitting is better when we think.
C．More exercise can improve our cognition.
D．We should stand while thinking.
15．The passage mainly tells us ________．
A．people tend to sit while thinking
B．standing more can make our brain healthier
C．physical exercise can improve our brain health
D.sedentary behavior leads to countless health problems
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2021·石家庄市质量检测一)
Mind mapping is a great way to plan out projects，ideas，and plans.__1__ Here are the four steps of mind mapping and how you can apply them in your life.
Before you start，think about what kind of mind map you want.If we take the example of presenting something to an audience，ask yourself，“What exactly do I want to tell my audience？” and “What do I want them to leave knowing？”__2__Once you know your question，write that down in the middle of the page.
__3__Don't try and edit yourself.No matter how crazy，wild，or stupid something may seem at first，get it down onto your mind map.You can remove ideas later.Editing yourself at an early stage will not produce your best ideas.
After your initial brainstorm，giving yourself a few days will produce more ideas and expand others.A few days later，come back to your mind map and give yourself another hour or two with it.__4__Meanwhile，you may also see ideas that don't work—you can leave them just in case they bring more ideas later.After this session，you will have a lot of ideas，answers，and steps.
The next stage is where you make small changes about these ideas and start to structure the next step.You now need to decide in what order you will move forward.Once you have all your ideas and points numbered，you can then move those to your to do list and place them in the right order.You may find that as you begin working on your project，you may change your order round.__5__
A．You will find you have a lot more ideas to add.
B．It encourages you to go deeper with your ideas.
C．The clearer your question is，the better answers you will get.
D．Once you have your question written down，let yourself go.
E．Your brain is likely to give you unrealistic or unclear answers.
F．But you will at least have a place to start by having an initial order.
G．It gives you a visual means to brainstorm your ideas and the foundations of a structure.
第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2021·南宁市重点高中高三第一次模拟)
Ciudad Perdida，Colombia's “Lost City” is older than Machu Picchu.There are no trains or buses allowing of __1__ travels to reach its ruins.The remote place is only __2__ on foot: a tiring multi day hike.
Despite this，I couldn't __3__ the opportunity to visit Ciudad Perdida.12 other hikers and I went there in __4__ with a licensed guide.The dirt path，which __5__ through towering palms and dangling vines(藤蔓)，proved __6__ right from the start.It's recommended hikers have good general __7__，as the journey is difficult.Horses helped to carry basic __8__ like food to the cabins where we would sleep.Along the way we also met the __9__．They have been left undisturbed for centuries and there's a deep __10__ between them and the land.
The next morning，we were off early to __11__ the heat，but high temperatures and muscle pain had already __12__ by the time we reached the final stage—1，200 stone steps to __13__．After finally lifting my __14__ body up the long flight of stairs，my eyes rested on the scene that had __15__ the backbreaking journey: Ciudad Perdida.
I looked down and __16__ at the beautiful site below.We were among a handful of other groups visiting，which seemed like __17__ compared to other crowded tourist attractions.While the return trip included __18__ the mental hurdle (障碍) of having already accomplished our goal，the experience is the one I would do __19__．It is the difficulty that makes the journey a more __20__ one.Earned views are always better.
1．A.long B．endless
C．frequent D．easy
2．A.impressive B．accessible
C．worthwhile D．dangerous
3．A.resist B．obtain
C．promote D．find
4．A.company B．combination
C．harmony D．communication
5．A.buried B．spread
C．spun D．wound
6．A.disappointing B．embarrassing
C．challenging D．amazing
7．A.character B．research
C．independence D．fitness
8．A.equipment B．furniture
C．possessions D．necessities
9．A.natives B．visitors
C．guides D．drivers
10．A.similarity B．distinction
C．bond D．belief
11．A.reduce B．beat
C．test D．feel
12．A.watched out B．cut off
C．set in D．gave in
13．A.construct B．pick
C．cover D．explore
14．A.energetic B．painful
C．unhealthy D．delicate
15．A.convinced B．predicted
C．motivated D．simplified
16．A.aimed B．pointed
C．bent D．wondered
17．A.something B．nothing
C．much D．none
18．A.overcoming B．memorizing
C．observing D．fixing
19．A.otherwise B．again
C．though D．instead
20．A.rewarding B．sensitive
C．popular D．flexible
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2021·山东省实验中学高三质量检测)
The first time I saw Kai，she was sitting in my front yard，hugging my dog，Harley.She and her husband Sean had just moved into a tiny home down the hill from us.I think she was drawn to Harley's friendly personality just as he was drawn to 1.________(she).From the second time I talked to her I knew Kai would be 2.________ best friend.Her smiles made me feel better just 3.________(be) around her.Her high voice was always full of 4.________(happy).
It didn't take long 5.________ Kai was loved and respected by everyone in our neighborhood.Children and adults alike visited her home often.Although she already had four cats she adopted another one 6.________ had been hurt by a bear and nursed it back to health.When we visited her she would kindly listen to all of our troubles and then say something so wise and cheerful that we would leave her home in high spirits.Sometimes I would read her my stories and she would always encourage me 7.________(keep) writing and sharing with the world.
Kai 8.________(be) a true giver.She didn't have much to share materially but what she gave to others spiritually was 9.________(true) priceless.She died of cancer on a cold winter day 10.________ heavy snow falling down like teardrops.
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(2021·合肥市高三第三次教学质量检测)
There was a lively discussion held in my class last Friday.It was main about protecting the fine Chinese culture.Some suggested raising people's aware of preserving our culture and making people fall in love with them.For example，we could conduct creative activity like discovery tours and culture shows to help people have better understanding of our culture.Others think some courses should be offered in schools，which goal was to help students learn more about our customs，ways of life and so on.And in my view，what was mattered was that everyone should feel proud in our own culture.Also，we should attempt to passing our fine culture down from generation to generation.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
(2021·合肥市高三第二次诊断检测)
假定你是李华，正在英国一所国际学校交流学习，该校的校报SUNSHINE正在征集读者意见，请你给该校报编辑写封信，内容包括：
1．简要评价；
2．最喜欢的栏目(如：Stories Behind Culture)并简述理由；
3．建议增加中国文化的介绍。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear editor，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
PAGE
18Unit 2 Heroes
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
(2021·广州市高三年级阶段训练)
BookWorm Cultural Homestay ProgramSTAY IN THE ASIAN COUNTRY OF YOUR CHOICE FOR 3 MONTHS
Our program gives you the chance to improve your Asian language skills (or start learning a new language) as well as discovering more about the country you are visiting.You will live with a local family specially chosen for you based on your shared interests.In return for teaching the family's children English for around 2 hours each day，you will be given the chance to experience the local language and culture.You will also receive 400 dollars pocket money each month，as well as free plane tickets to and from the country you visit.
ABOUT THE PROGRAM
TO TAKE PARTYOU MUST： Have a current passport Be a senior middle school or university student Be between 16 and 25 years old Have excellent English language skills Be open to other cultures Be interested in Asian culture BOOKWORM WILLGIVE YOU ： Free tickets to and from thecountry you choose Local language lessons (6 hours per week) Your own private bedroom with free Internet Pocket money($400 a month) A local phone card Airport pickup，welcome dinner and a 3 day city tour
For a full list of participating countries and details about how to apply please visit our website www.bookwormasia.org.
语篇解读： 本文介绍了书虫文化寄宿计划的相关情况，包括该计划的意义、申请人的条件以及享受的待遇等。
1．Why would a homestay family probably want to take part in this program
A．They are eager to share their interests.
B．They are paid to do so by the company.
C．They wish to travel to other countries later.
D．They want their own children to learn English.
D [推理判断题。根据方框中的“In return for teaching the family's children English...to experience the local language and culture”可知，作为对每天教寄宿家庭的孩子大约2小时英语的回报，你将有机会体验当地的语言和文化。据此可以推知，寄宿家庭想参加这个计划的原因可能是想让他们的孩子学英语，故D项正确。]
2．Who CANNOT take part in the program as a homestay visitor
A．Someone who already speaks an Asian language.
B．A student that has taken part in the program before.
C．A 24 year old middle school English teacher from the UK.
D．A student born in a non English language speaking country.
C [细节理解题。根据TO TAKE PART YOU MUST部分中的“Be a senior middle school or university student”可知，参加者须是高中生或大学生。C项“一名来自英国的24岁的中学英语教师”不符合参加条件，故选C。]
3．What will each homestay visitor receive for free as part of the program
A．A mobile phone.
B．A return airplane ticket.
C．Three restaurant meals a day.
D．Citywide bus and train travel.
B [细节理解题。根据方框中的“You will also receive...free plane tickets to and from the country you visit”可知，寄宿家庭的访客将得到免费的往返机票，故B项正确。]
B
(2021·潍坊市高三阶段性监测)
My parents owned a neighborhood bar called the M Ninety Seven，named after a nearby highway，on the corner of State Fair and Hoover Avenues in Detroit.Built in the 1930s，it had a long wooden bar that was on the right as you walked in.I_grew_up_in_the__bar．When most kids of my age were at the park playing ball or riding bikes，I was watching old men shoot pool and play shuffleboard(沙壶球).
My father spent his entire life serving drinks and bringing cheer to customers.There were the white collars who would step in to unwind from the day's stress.They would bend elbows with the blue collars and day laborers on either side of them.It always surprised me that they were able to mingle(相交往).I would sit at the last table by the kitchen，sipping Cokes and eating a bag of Better Made potato chips with my twin sister，watching it all.
It was the 1960s version of a reality show.There was Big Bill，the tough talking policeman who stood six and a half feet tall and weighed just shy of the beer truck he drank daily.His views on society could be hard to listen to at times.But one night，he showed that he was all talk.While Bill was on patrol (巡逻)，a call came over the radio about an apartment fire.He raced the scout car to the scene，beating even the fire crew.The building was ablaze.He ran up three flights of stairs through smoke and flames to rescue two frightened children.Bill carried them out in his arms like each was a carton of eggs.The man with an explosive mouth but a keg sized heart saved the day.
Years passed，my father died，and the bar was sold.Like secondhand smoke，the words and the scenes from that bar stayed with me.
语篇解读： “我”的父母在底特律开了一个酒吧，那里留着“我”童年的记忆：“我”常和妹妹在酒吧里吃着零食，看着酒吧里的一切；“我”还记得警察Bill救火的事迹。后来父亲过世，酒吧易主，但酒吧里的话和场景一直陪伴着我。
4．What did the author want to tell us by the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1
A．His family built a wooden bar.
B．He didn't play with kids at the park.
C．He liked making friends with old men.
D．He was familiar with everything in the bar.
D [段落大意题。根据第一段最后两句可知，“我”是在酒吧长大的。当在“我”这个年龄的大多数孩子在公园打球或骑自行车时，“我”却在看老人打普尔和玩沙壶球。据此可知，画线句子是为了说明作者对酒吧的一切都很熟悉，故D项正确。]
5．What's the purpose for the white collars to go to the bar
A．To drink beer. B．To watch others.
C．To communicate. D．To relax themselves.
D [细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“There were the white collars who would step in to unwind from the day's stress”可知，白领来酒吧是为了放松，故D项正确。]
6．Which of the following can best describe Bill
A．Rude and careless.
B．Tough but a little bit shy.
C．Complaining but responsible.
D．Talkative and narrow hearted.
C [推理判断题。根据第三段第三句可知，Bill对社会的看法有时会不好听，根据该段最后三句可知，警察Bill冒着烟和火焰救下了两个孩子，说明他善良，有责任感。据此可以判断，Bill是一个有点抱怨但是有责任感的人，故C项正确。]
7．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．The bar impressed the writer a lot.
B．The father didn't manage the bar well.
C．Secondhand smoke is similar to the bar.
D．The writer has nothing to do with the bar.
A [推理判断题。根据本文尾句“Like secondhand smoke，the words and the scenes from that bar stayed with me”可知，虽然过去多年，但是酒吧里的那些话和场景就像二手烟一样萦绕在“我”身边。据此可以判断，酒吧给作者留下了深刻的印象，故A项正确。]
C
(2021·潍坊市高三阶段监测)
The food delivery industry now is a hotly competitive business，attracting the world's biggest moneybags such as Alibaba and SoftBank.Balancing the needs of diners，cooks and couriers(专递公司)is complicated.Most new companies lose money.Yet they have received more than $30bn from venture capitalists (资本家) in the past five years.And they are likely to get more.
The food delivery business can be divided into two camps：mostly profitable veterans(老手) and loss making newcomers.The veterans，founded at the start of the century，are led by publicly traded Grubhub in America，and Just Eat and Takeaway in Europe.They account for the largest share of the market，offering customers online access to restaurants.Their relatively simple business model，in which they take a cut of the bill from the restaurants，has enabled Grubhub and Just Eat to turn a profit for years.Takeaway makes money in its home market of the Netherlands.
The newbies，born more recently，have turned a once tidy business into a food fight.For most of them，delivery is their core business，so they share their cut of the bill with riders as well as restaurants.This substantially broadens the market to restaurants but profit suffers.
The only mouth watering aspect of the delivery business is its potential size.According to Bernstein，almost a third of the global restaurant industry is made up of home delivery，takeaways and drive throughs，which could be worth $1 trn by 2023.In 2018 delivery amounted to $161bn，leaving plenty of room for online firms to expand.
Yet it is by no means clear if anyone can make money by delivering meals.In fact，the economics may be even worse.Delivery businesses have ways to cut their losses.One is to diversify further，by delivering groceries，flowers，booze，and even people，as well as meals.Another is to provide cheaper meals by centrally supplying ingredients to restaurants.In the dog eat dog world of food delivery，it will still be hard.
语篇解读： 外卖行业竞争激烈，吸引了阿里巴巴和软银等全球最大的富豪。但盈利的主要还是老公司，新公司往往亏损。快递行业潜在规模巨大，但送餐业务是否能够获利并不能确定。
8．How can the veterans make a profit
A．They get lots of support from capitalists.
B．They offer customers great convenience.
C．They draw a part of profit from restaurants.
D．They balance the complicated needs successfully.
C [细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“Their relatively simple business model，in which they take a cut of the bill from the restaurants，has enabled Grubhub and Just Eat to turn a profit for years”可知，老公司是通过从餐馆中抽取利润来赚钱的，故C项正确。]
9．What makes the delivery business attractive
A．Massive profits.
B．Development prospects.
C．Satisfying service.
D．Efficient management.
B [细节理解题。根据第四段内容尤其是第一句“The only mouth watering aspect of the delivery business is its potential size”可知，快递业务唯一令人垂涎的是它潜在的规模，快递业务发展前景广阔，很有吸引力，故B项正确。]
10．What is the author's attitude towards making money by delivering meals
A．Positive. B．Definite.
C．Uncertain. D．Confident.
C [观点态度题。根据尾段前两句可知，作者并不清楚是否任何人都能通过送餐赚钱，并认为经济情况可能更糟。据此可以推知，作者对送餐赚钱持不确定的态度，故C项正确。]
11．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A.Delivery businesses balance some complicated needs.
B．Meal delivery attracts the world's biggest moneybags.
C．The two camps of delivery businesses compete fiercely.
D．The food delivery business is anything but tasty business.
D [主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文具体分析了送餐业务的现状及前景，送餐业务是否能够获利并不能确定，故D项最适合作本文的标题。]
D
(2021·辽宁六校协作体高三第一次考试)
We've known that sitting for long periods of time every day has countless health consequences，like a higher risk of heart disease.But now a new study has found that sitting is also bad for your brain.
A study conducted by Dr.Prabha Siddarth at the University of California，showed that sedentary (久坐不动的)behavior is associated with reduced thickness of the medial temporal lobe (中颞叶)，a brain area that is critical to learning and memory.
The researchers asked a group of 35 healthy people，aged 45 to 70，about their activity levels and the average number of hours each day spent sitting and then scanned their brains.They found that the subjects who reported sitting for longer periods had the thinnest medial temporal lobes.It means that the more time you spend in a chair，the worse it is for your brain health，resulting in possible damage to learning and memory.
What is also interesting is that this study did not find a significant association between the level of physical activity and thickness of this brain area，suggesting that exercise，even severe exercise，may not be enough to protect you from the harmful effects of sitting.
It then surprisingly turned out that you don't even have to move much to enhance cognition; just standing will do the trick.For example，two groups of subjects were asked to complete a test while either sitting or standing.Participants were presented with conflicting stimuli(刺激)，like the word “green” in blue ink，and asked to name the color.Subjects thinking on their feet beat those who sat by a 3 millisecond margin．
The cognitive effects of severe physical exercise are well known.But the possibility that standing more and sitting less improves brain health could lower the standard for everyone.
I know，this all runs counter to received ideas about deep thought，from our grade school teachers，who told us to sit down and focus，to Rodin's famous “The Thinker”，seated with the chin on his hand.
They were wrong.You can now all stand up.
语篇解读： 本文主要介绍了一项研究发现，即久坐不动对大脑健康有伤害，而站立却可以通过提高大脑认知能力来让我们的大脑变得更健康。
12．What can we know from Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4
A．Severe exercise can lessen the damage of sitting.
B.Severe exercise can greatly improve our brain health.
C．Sedentary behavior will possibly damage our brain.
D.Brain health has nothing to do with sedentary behavior.
C [细节理解题。 第三段讲到你在椅子上待的时间越长，对你的大脑健康越不利，可能会对学习和记忆造成损害。第四段讲到即使是剧烈的锻炼，可能也不足以保护你免受久坐的有害影响，由此可知C项正确。]
13．What does the underlined word “margin” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．Blank. B．Edge.
C．Decrease. D．Difference.
D [词义猜测题。画线词所在的第五段主题句为段首句，意为“结果令人惊讶的是，你甚至不需要多动就能提高认知能力；只要站着就行了”，紧接着作者用了一个实验来佐证该论点，实验结果是站着的人以3毫秒的差额赢了坐着的人，因此推断画线词意为“差额”，故D项正确。difference“差额”。]
14．What is the received idea about deep thought
A．Sitting more is good for our mental health.
B．Sitting is better when we think.
C．More exercise can improve our cognition.
D．We should stand while thinking.
B [细节理解题。根据题干中的“received idea about deep thought”定位到文章倒数第二段，可知“我们的小学老师告诉我们要坐下来集中注意力，罗丹著名的作品‘思想家’则手托下巴坐着”，故B项正确。]
15．The passage mainly tells us ________．
A．people tend to sit while thinking
B．standing more can make our brain healthier
C．physical exercise can improve our brain health
D.sedentary behavior leads to countless health problems
B [主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一项研究发现，即久坐不动对大脑健康有伤害，而站立却可以通过提高大脑认知能力来让我们的大脑变得更健康。故B项正确。]
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2021·石家庄市质量检测一)
Mind mapping is a great way to plan out projects，ideas，and plans.__1__ Here are the four steps of mind mapping and how you can apply them in your life.
Before you start，think about what kind of mind map you want.If we take the example of presenting something to an audience，ask yourself，“What exactly do I want to tell my audience？” and “What do I want them to leave knowing？”__2__Once you know your question，write that down in the middle of the page.
__3__Don't try and edit yourself.No matter how crazy，wild，or stupid something may seem at first，get it down onto your mind map.You can remove ideas later.Editing yourself at an early stage will not produce your best ideas.
After your initial brainstorm，giving yourself a few days will produce more ideas and expand others.A few days later，come back to your mind map and give yourself another hour or two with it.__4__Meanwhile，you may also see ideas that don't work—you can leave them just in case they bring more ideas later.After this session，you will have a lot of ideas，answers，and steps.
The next stage is where you make small changes about these ideas and start to structure the next step.You now need to decide in what order you will move forward.Once you have all your ideas and points numbered，you can then move those to your to do list and place them in the right order.You may find that as you begin working on your project，you may change your order round.__5__
A．You will find you have a lot more ideas to add.
B．It encourages you to go deeper with your ideas.
C．The clearer your question is，the better answers you will get.
D．Once you have your question written down，let yourself go.
E．Your brain is likely to give you unrealistic or unclear answers.
F．But you will at least have a place to start by having an initial order.
G．It gives you a visual means to brainstorm your ideas and the foundations of a structure.
语篇解读： 本文主要介绍了制作思维导图的四个步骤以及如何将其应用到你的生活中。
1．G [考查上下文衔接。空前主要讲到了思维导图是规划项目、想法和计划的好方法，空后则讲到了制作思维导图有四个步骤，据此可知，空处讲到的应该是思维导图的好处，故G项符合语境。]
2．C [考查上下文衔接。空前提到两个问题，空后则讲到了“一旦你知道自己的问题，把它写在纸中间”，因此空处应该是与问题相关的句子，C项、D项都提到“question”，但D项意思与下文不衔接，故C项符合语境。]
3．D [考查上下文衔接。空前一段最后一句讲到了“一旦你知道自己的问题，把它写在纸中间”，因此空处讲到的应该是完成这一步之后，下一步该干什么，再结合本段内容也可知D项符合语境。]
4．A [考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲到了“几天之后，再回头看看你的思维导图，在思维导图上再花一两个小时”，空后一句讲到了“同时你可能还会看到一些不奏效的点子”，因此空处讲到的应该是你检查思维导图的时候发现了什么，故A项符合语境。]
5．F [考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲到了“你可能会发现，当你开始着手你的项目时，你会改变你的顺序”，F项“但你至少有一个可以起步的原始顺序”承接上文，符合语境。]
第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2021·南宁市重点高中高三第一次模拟)
Ciudad Perdida，Colombia's “Lost City” is older than Machu Picchu.There are no trains or buses allowing of __1__ travels to reach its ruins.The remote place is only __2__ on foot: a tiring multi day hike.
Despite this，I couldn't __3__ the opportunity to visit Ciudad Perdida.12 other hikers and I went there in __4__ with a licensed guide.The dirt path，which __5__ through towering palms and dangling vines(藤蔓)，proved __6__ right from the start.It's recommended hikers have good general __7__，as the journey is difficult.Horses helped to carry basic __8__ like food to the cabins where we would sleep.Along the way we also met the __9__．They have been left undisturbed for centuries and there's a deep __10__ between them and the land.
The next morning，we were off early to __11__ the heat，but high temperatures and muscle pain had already __12__ by the time we reached the final stage—1，200 stone steps to __13__．After finally lifting my __14__ body up the long flight of stairs，my eyes rested on the scene that had __15__ the backbreaking journey: Ciudad Perdida.
I looked down and __16__ at the beautiful site below.We were among a handful of other groups visiting，which seemed like __17__ compared to other crowded tourist attractions.While the return trip included __18__ the mental hurdle (障碍) of having already accomplished our goal，the experience is the one I would do __19__．It is the difficulty that makes the journey a more __20__ one.Earned views are always better.
语篇解读： 哥伦比亚的“失落之城”佩尔迪达城比马丘比丘还要古老。作者在导游的带领下和其他徒步旅行者一起不辞劳苦抵达这座城市，一睹其神秘面貌，收获满满。
1．A.long B．endless
C．frequent D．easy
D [根据下文的“on foot：a tiring multi day hike”可知，到那里需要步行且需要花费几天时间。由此可知，没有火车或公共汽车能实现让你轻易到达这座城市的废墟。easy“轻易的，不费力的”符合语境。endless“无止境的，无数的，无限的”；frequent“经常发生的，频繁的”。]
2．A.impressive B．accessible
C．worthwhile D．dangerous
B [根据上文的“The remote place is only”和下文的“on foot”可知，这里指的是到达这个偏远地方的唯一方式是步行：劳累且多日的徒步旅行。accessible“可到达的，可接近的，可进入的”，符合语境。impressive“令人印象深刻的”；worthwhile“值得的”；dangerous“危险的”。]
3．A.resist B．obtain
C．promote D．find
A [根据下文提到作者进行了这次旅行可知，此处表示：尽管有这个(困难)，我还是拒绝不了参观佩尔迪达城的机会。resist“抵挡，抵抗”；obtain“获得”；promote“推动，促进”。]
4．A.company B．combination
C．harmony D．communication
A [作者和另外12个徒步旅行者在导游的陪同下前往那里。in company with“与……一起”。]
5．A.buried B．spread
C．spun D．wound
D [这条土路蜿蜒曲折，穿过高耸的棕榈树和悬挂的藤蔓，从一开始就颇具挑战性(challenging)。bury“埋葬”；spread“蔓延，扩散”；spin“(使)快速旋转”；wind在这里作不及物动词，表示“蜿蜒，曲折而行”。]
6．A.disappointing B．embarrassing
C．challenging D．amazing
C [参见上题解析。disappointing“令人失望的”；embarrassing“令人尴尬的”；amazing“令人惊喜的”。]
7．A.character B．research
C．independence D．fitness
D [根据下文的“as the journey is difficult”“the backbreaking journey”可知，此处表示徒步旅行者应该身体强壮，因为这个旅程困难重重。fitness“健壮，健康”。]
8．A.equipment B．furniture
C．possessions D．necessities
D [马驮着像食物这类的基本必需品(necessities)。]
9．A.natives B．visitors
C．guides D．drivers
A [根据下文的“They have been left undisturbed for centuries and there's a deep ________ between them and the land”可知，作者他们在路上遇到了当地人(natives)。]
10．A.similarity B．distinction
C．bond D．belief
C [几个世纪以来，他们没有被打扰，与这片土地有着深厚的羁绊(bond)。similarity“相似性”；distinction“区别”；belief“信念”。]
11．A.reduce B．beat
C．test D．feel
B [根据空前的“we were off early to”和空后的“but high temperatures and muscle pain had already ________ by the time we reached the final stage”可知，此处表示作者他们趁着天不热早早出发。beat在此表示“(to avoid sth.)避免，逃避”。]
12．A.watched out B．cut off
C．set in D．gave in
C [当作者他们到达最后一段路程的时候，气温开始上升，作者浑身肌肉开始(set in)酸疼。watch out“小心，注意”；cut off“剪掉，中断”；give in“屈服，让步，交上”。]
13．A.construct B．pick
C．cover D．explore
C [这段路程需要走完1 200阶石阶。cover“行走(一段路程)”。]
14．A.energetic B．painful
C．unhealthy D．delicate
B [根据上文的“muscle pain”可知，在爬了这么长的台阶后，作者的身体应该是疼痛的(painful)。]
15．A.convinced B．predicted
C．motivated D．simplified
C [最终，作者的目光落在了佩尔迪达城的景色上，而这正是作者进行这次艰苦旅行的原因。motivate“成为……的动机，是……的原因”，符合语境。convince“说服，使相信”；predict“预言，预报”；simplify“使简易，使简化”。]
16．A.aimed B．pointed
C．bent D．wondered
D [解答本题需要理解作者的感彩：根据上文可知。作者很期待和重视这次旅行，经历困难后，作者终于到达目的地，此时站在顶上俯瞰这座古城，必然是带着震惊、高兴、激动这样的情绪。wonder at“对……感到惊讶”。]
17．A.something B．nothing
C．much D．none
B [根据上文可知，这个地方很不容易到达，再根据下文的“compared to other crowded tourist attractions”可知，这里的游客寥寥无几，这点游客数量与其他游客爆满的景点相比较似乎不算什么。nothing“无关紧要的事情”。]
18．A.overcoming B．memorizing
C．observing D．fixing
A [尽管返程需要克服(overcoming)他们因完成目标而懈怠的心理障碍，作者还是愿意再(again)经历一次。]
19．A.otherwise B．again
C．though D．instead
B [参见上题解析。]
20．A.rewarding B．sensitive
C．popular D．flexible
A [根据作者这次旅行的经历和最后作者的感悟“Earned views are always better”可知，困难让这次旅行变得更有意义(rewarding)。]
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2021·山东省实验中学高三质量检测)
The first time I saw Kai，she was sitting in my front yard，hugging my dog，Harley.She and her husband Sean had just moved into a tiny home down the hill from us.I think she was drawn to Harley's friendly personality just as he was drawn to 1.________(she).From the second time I talked to her I knew Kai would be 2.________ best friend.Her smiles made me feel better just 3.________(be) around her.Her high voice was always full of 4.________(happy).
It didn't take long 5.________ Kai was loved and respected by everyone in our neighborhood.Children and adults alike visited her home often.Although she already had four cats she adopted another one 6.________ had been hurt by a bear and nursed it back to health.When we visited her she would kindly listen to all of our troubles and then say something so wise and cheerful that we would leave her home in high spirits.Sometimes I would read her my stories and she would always encourage me 7.________(keep) writing and sharing with the world.
Kai 8.________(be) a true giver.She didn't have much to share materially but what she gave to others spiritually was 9.________(true) priceless.She died of cancer on a cold winter day 10.________ heavy snow falling down like teardrops.
语篇解读： 本文是一篇记叙文。作者在文中回忆了一位受人喜爱和尊重、乐于助人、关爱动物、性格和蔼的邻居。
1．解析： 考查代词。根据语境可知，Harley 也被 Kai 的友善性格所吸引。此处应用名词性物主代词 hers 作介词 to 的宾语，hers 相当于 her friendly personality。故填 hers。
答案： hers
2．解析： 考查冠词/代词。作者认为 Kai 能成为一位/她最好的朋友。根据语境可知，此处可表示“我的”，可填 my；也可指“一位最好的朋友”，表泛指，且 best 的读音以辅音音素开头，所以也可填 a。故填 a/my。
答案： a/my
3．解析： 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词 made，此处应用非谓语动词。动词短语 be around 与主语 me 之间构成主动关系，此处应使用其现在分词形式作原因状语。故填 being。
答案： being
4．解析： 考查词性转换。此处应用 happy 的名词形式 happiness 作介词 of 的宾语。故填 happiness。
答案： happiness
5．解析： 考查连词。根据语境可知，没过多久，Kai 就得到了社区里所有人的喜爱和尊重。it didn’t take long before...是固定句型，意为“没过多久就……”。故填 before。
答案： before
6．解析： 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是 another one(指另外一只猫)，指物，关系词在从句中作主语；one 是不定代词，只能用 that 引导该从句。故填 that。
答案： that
7．解析： 考查固定用法。encourage sb.to do sth.是固定用法，意为“鼓励某人做某事”。故填 to keep。
答案： to keep
8．解析： 考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，本文叙述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填 was。
答案： was
9．解析： 考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰形容词 priceless。故填 truly。
答案： truly
10．解析： 考查介词。此处应用 with 的复合结构 with sb./sth.doing...作伴随状语。故填 with。
答案： with
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(2021·合肥市高三第三次教学质量检测)
There was a lively discussion held in my class last Friday.It was main about protecting the fine Chinese culture.Some suggested raising people's aware of preserving our culture and making people fall in love with them.For example，we could conduct creative activity like discovery tours and culture shows to help people have better understanding of our culture.Others think some courses should be offered in schools，which goal was to help students learn more about our customs，ways of life and so on.And in my view，what was mattered was that everyone should feel proud in our own culture.Also，we should attempt to passing our fine culture down from generation to generation.
答案：
There was a lively discussion held in my class last Friday.It was about protecting the fine Chinese culture.Some suggested raising people's of preserving our culture and making people fall in love with ．For example，we could conduct creative like discovery tours and culture shows to help people have understanding of our culture.Others some courses should be offered in schools， goal was to help students learn more about our customs，ways of life and so on.And in my view，what mattered was that everyone should feel proud our own culture.Also，we should attempt to our fine culture down from generation to generation.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
(2021·合肥市高三第二次诊断检测)
假定你是李华，正在英国一所国际学校交流学习，该校的校报SUNSHINE正在征集读者意见，请你给该校报编辑写封信，内容包括：
1．简要评价；
2．最喜欢的栏目(如：Stories Behind Culture)并简述理由；
3．建议增加中国文化的介绍。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear editor，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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Yours，
Li Hua
答案：
Dear editor，
I am Li Hua，an international student in our school.I have read the school newspaper SUNSHINE，which contains many aspects of our school life，gives us a lot of help for our daily life and enlarges our horizons of the world.So I feel so honored to express my views on the newspaper.
I am fond of the column StoriesBehindCulture，because it not only provides many deep descriptions of the culture of the UK，but also gives us many stories about the development of the culture.However，as a student from China，I recommend a column about Chinese culture be added to the newspaper，which may benefit the communication between the people in the two countries.
Thank you for your time.I hope my words may be of help to you.
Yours，
Li Hua
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