Unit 4 Cyberspace
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
(2021·河北省高三年级名校联考)
The Photographer of the Year contest(比赛)，supported by companies in various fields，is based in the UK and attracts worldwide photography lovers.Though the first award was given out in 1965，the official contest didn't really start until 2015.With wonderful pictures from thousands of photographers，the 2020 contest rewarded its winners in February.
Octopus(章鱼)Training
This photo was taken by Pasquale Vassallo of Italy and won in the group of “Behavior”．Vassallo said when he came up after a dive，he noticed a soccer ball floating on the surface.When he checked it out，he witnessed a rare scene—an octopus hanging from the ball.He didn't understand what the octopus was doing，but wondered if it was training for the World Cup.
Lemon Shark Nursery
Taken by Anita Kainrath of the Bahamas，it shows young sharks swimming around in the protection of a beautiful thick forest.Kainrath said she spent nearly an hour standing in knee high water being bitten by mosquitoes to get her picture，which won the UP & Coming Photographer of the Year 2020 Award.
Angry Seahorse
Though Rooman Luc of Belgium didn't win the “Portrait”category，his photo，titled “Angry Seahorse”，is quite striking.The close up shot of a seahorse staring into the camera was named the runner up.Mr.Luc said that after first hearing about the seahorse，he went looking for it every week for two months before finally finding it.
Last Dawn，Last Gasp
Vassallo also took the prize in the“Marine Conservation”division with Last Dawn，last Gasp，an appropriately breathtaking shot of a tuna fish trapped in a net，struggling in vain to escape.To take this photo，Vassallo went diving with some local fishermen and followed the path of the fishing nets from the bottom to the surface.
1．Which picture of the following was taken by chance
A．Angry Seahorse. B．Lemon Shark Nursery.
C．Octopus Training. D．Last Dawn，Last Gasp.
2．What do the pictures all focus on
A．Creatures under water.
B．Animals in danger.
C．Protection of the environment.
D．Loss of biodiversity.
3．What can we know about the contest
A．It became well known in 2015.
B．It is sponsored by photography lovers.
C．Its prizes are awarded in February each year.
D．Its photos are judged in categories.
B
(2021·山东新高考第一次模拟)
Every so often，someone so young does something so amazing that you can't help but wonder how he manages it.That's what happened the first time we heard Matthew Whitaker play the piano.Matthew is a jazz pianist who is blind，and since the age of 11，he's been performing around the world.
Matthew Whitaker was born at the 24th week.He weighed 1 pound and 11 ounces.His parents were told he had a less than 50% chance of survival.One of the many complications(并发症)he faced was a disease which led to blindness.
No one in Matthew's family was a musician，but his grandfather bought him his first keyboard when he was three years old.It didn't take long for Matthew to show that he had a gift.So the Whitakers decided to get Matthew a teacher，which proved to be difficult.“At the time，we got a lot of answers that he's too young and they don't know how to teach a blind child，”Moses Whitaker said.“He was three years old at the time.”
Finally，Dalia Sakas agreed to meet Matthew.Dalia is the director of music studies at a music school in New York City，a school for the visually impaired.To her surprise，Matthew could listen to a piece of music once and then play it.“Because it is rare to meet such a person and I want to make that possible.”
She did.Matthew has played in more than 200 clubs and concert halls around the world.His love of music has never been in doubt.Matthew's latest album is called Now Hear This.One critic noted that it sounded like Matthew was playing with six hands.
4．Which word best describes Matthew as a pianist
A．Fruitless. B．Ordinary.
C．Remarkable. D．Ambitious.
5．What was the root cause of Matthew's blindness
A．His premature birth.
B．His low weight.
C．His low chance of survival.
D．A disease running in his family.
6．What increased the difficulty finding Matthew a music teacher
A．His family background. B．His lack of talent.
C．His age and disability. D．His character.
7．Why did Dalia accept Matthew as her student
A.Because she sympathized with Matthew for his experience.
B．Because she was struck by Matthew's talent for music.
C．Because she gave in to the insistence of Matthew's grandfather.
D．Because she knew how to teach a blind student.
C
(2021·武汉市高中毕业生6月供题)
Sometimes when we are in our darkest hour，something completely unexpected happens that can give us a little bit of hope and comfort.
Jessica was a healthy woman.One day，she woke up and something was not right.After she was sent to the hospital，her heart rate slowed by nearly 50 percent.It took nine days for doctors to zero in on what was causing her problem.
After several weeks，Jessica was able to move her lips.The staff noticed this and introduced Jessica to Consuelo Gonz ?lez，a professional lip reader.Consuelo can understand what people are saying by the shape their lips make.She can also understand how annoying it is not to be able to communicate because she has been completely deaf since the age of 8.
For a few hours each week，Jessica could have long conversations with Consuelo，diving into the ocean of words she dearly missed.Through Consuelo，Jessica asked the doctors and nurses questions she had long wanted answers to.She also talked to Consuelo about the vivid dreams she was mixing up with reality.
In fact，there are other ways for Consuelo to earn a living by reading lips，but she says helping patients separate horrible dreams from reality is the most rewarding way she can use her unique skill.“What is really wonderful is being able to use this skill to create healing and to create communication between human beings.That's what makes me feel good.That's what's the best：Love.”
After four and a half months in the hospital，Jessica finally recovered.Consuelo was there，holding Jessica's hands.Jessica eventually went back to work as a math professor.After her experience she wrote a new living will.One thing she added is that if she ever becomes incapacitated like this again，she is never to be left alone.
8．What did Consuelo do for Jessica
A．She cured Jessica's heart disease.
B．She helped Jessica communicate.
C．She taught Jessica how to read lips.
D．She made Jessica's dream come true.
9．How does Consuelo feel about her job
A．Horrible. B．Confident.
C．Worried. D．Satisfied.
10．Which of the following best explains“incapacitated”underlined in the last paragraph
A．Seriously ill. B．Desperately lonely.
C．Less reliable. D．More fortunate.
11．What is the text mainly about
A．A close friendship. B．A good living will.
C．An unusual skill. D．A new treatment.
D
(2021·武汉市部分学校质量检测)
Never play games with a bot(robot)—it will find a way to cheat if it can.A team from OpenAI，an artificial intelligence lab in San Francisco，has developed artificially intelligent bots that taught themselves to cooperate by playing hide and seek.The bots also learned how to use basic tools to help win.
Bowen Baker at OpenAI and his colleagues wanted to see if the team based dynamics of the OpenAI Five could be used to produce skills that could one day be useful to humans.
The researchers set their bots loose in a simulated(模拟的) environment filled with fixed walls，movable boxes and ladders，and left them to play team games of hide and seek.The bots each had their own view of the world and couldn't communicate with each other directly.
At first，the hiders simply ran away.But they soon worked out that the quickest way to stop the seekers was to find objects in the environment to hide themselves from view.The seekers learned that they could move boxes around and use them to climb over walls.The bots then discovered that being a team player—passing objects to each other or cooperating on a hideout—was the quickest way to win.
But the real surprise came when the bots started making use of problems or faults.Seekers found that if they pushed a ladder towards a wall，they could launch themselves into the air and spot hiders from above.Hiders found that they could get rid of the ladders by pushing them aside.
It shows that AI bots are able to find solutions that humans miss，says Baker.“Maybe they'll even be able to solve problems that humans don't yet know how to.”However，it is a large leap(跳跃) from virtual hide and seek to real problem solving.“The main limitation is that it is in simulation，”says Chelsea Finn at Stanford University.
12．Why did Bowen and his colleagues conduct the research
A．To teach bots to play games.
B．To train bots to use basic tools.
C．To find if bots may cheat like humans.
D．To see the potential of bots' cooperation.
13．What's the third paragraph mainly about
A．The tools of the research.
B．The design of the research.
C．The competitors of the game.
D．The environment of the game.
14．What does the underlined word“It”in the last paragraph refer to
A.Passing objects.
B．Moving boxes around.
C．Making use of faults.
D．Hiding themselves from view.
15．What does Chelsea think of the finding of the research
A．It can bridge a gap in the AI research.
B．It will not be influenced by the real world.
C．It will definitely help the real problem solving.
D．It may not be realized out of the virtual world.
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2021·银川市普通高中学科教学质量检测)
Telecommuting(also known as working from home)is a work arrangement in which the employee works outside the office，often working from home or a location close to home.__1__
Doctors and countless other health care workers of the world will always need to have hands on experiences with patients，just as：
◇__2__
◇Scientists need to be in labs.
The existence of telecommuting must have its benefits and appropriate population.
More freedom.
Telecommuting allows a worker greater freedom regarding her or his work hours and work location.It gives the employee more flexibility to balance work and personal obligations(义务).
Productivity.
Working from home can make you more productive，because you do not have the distractions(分散注意力的事)of office space.__3__ Sometimes you might be easily distracted by home appliances such as washing machines，or you actually need supervision(监管)from your boss to concentrate on your work.
Employees' welfare.
Allowing workers to telecommute often makes them more productive.__4__ Telecommuters are also likely to be happier in their jobs and are therefore more likely to stay with the company.Telecommuting even saves companies money in office expenses，such as rent and stationery(文具).
__5__
Some people also find working from home to be a bit isolating(隔离的)，because they are not around their co workers.Those who enjoy teamwork may lose their opportunity to bond with colleagues by teleconferencing alone.You should come up with a strategic plan if you want to ask your employer if you can telecommute.
A．Mental health issues.
B．Cooperation with workers.
C．That can benefit the company.
D．Of course，this is not necessarily true.
E．You need to find an appropriate place to do work.
F．Construction workers need to be on building sites.
G．However，many jobs are not suited to remote work.
第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2021·太原市高三模拟)
When people find out that my son Sam is a competitive mathlete，they usually ask if my husband and I are “math persons”．The answer is “Definitely not”．
Ninth grade was__1__ for Sam.To prepare for a competition，he took __2__ practice tests，which were sometimes as__3__ as three hours.In the end，he didn't do as well as he'd hoped and was __4__ by a math camp he'd applied to.
He wandered into my office one day last spring，murmuring.
“I just feel like the whole year has been a __5__．”
I get it.How many days—weeks，months—have I“wasted”writing the __6__ scene over and over again？Writing a novel sometimes feels like two steps forward，one step back.__7__ whenever I feel like that，I try to __8__ myself that no matter what happens with my book，I've __9__ the time I've spent working on it.The delight I find in writing is __10__ for me.
“Nothing's ever wasted.You may not have gotten the __11__ you wanted，but as you try to solve the __12__ problems，you are making progress with each effort you make.”
He shrugged(耸肩).“I feel like everyone else did better than me.”
Sam was talking about the __13__ boards，where math kids come together to share resources and，more often than not，__14__ their wins.
“I know it feels that way，but it isn't true.You know people __15__ their successes far more than their __16__，” I said，as much to myself as to Sam.
Just like Sam，I can't control the __17__，and I can only control my input.To devote time to something with no __18__ of its success is risky and __19__．But，then again，so is everything.
And you don't need to be a(n) __20__ person to know that.
1．A.simple B．tough
C．peaceful D．exciting
2．A.few B．casual
C．multiple D．easy
3．A.far B．long
C．deep D．straight
4．A.accepted B．praised
C．replied D．rejected
5．A.waste B．vacation
C．pleasure D．trouble
6．A.same B．vivid
C．brief D．literary
7．A.So B．And
C．But D．Because
8．A.help B．convince
C．improve D．answer
9．A.offered B．killed
C．saved D．enjoyed
10．A.limited B．popular
C．obvious D．enough
11．A.exam B．advice
C．course D．result
12．A.challenging B．urgent
C．historical D．imaginary
13．A.message B．chess
C．drawing D．safety
14．A.escape from B．think about
C．show off D．compete in
15．A.ban B．post
C．doubt D．receive
16．A.methods B．intentions
C．struggles D．reasons
17．A.solution B．outcome
C．custom D．fortune
18．A.courage B．accident
C．chance D．guarantee
19．A.terrifying B．instructive
C．personal D．ridiculous
20．A.art B．adult
C．math D．business
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2021·合肥市高三调研)
Deep below the ocean's surface is a mysterious world that takes up 95% of Earth's living space.But the deep sea remains 1.________(large) unexplored.Dive down 650 feet，2.________ you will notice that light starts fading rapidly.The deeper you dive，the 3.________(low) the temperature becomes.At 13，000 feet，the temperature stays around freezing point，and there's no sunlight at all.Yet there is life—an astonishing 4.________(vary) of creatures that you'll never imagine.You can't dive to the deep ocean on your own，of course.But scientists now have lots of advanced and complicated technologies 5.________(explore) this vast frontier.
It's hard to imagine that thousands of fascinating animals have adapted to life in this 6.________(challenge) environment.Many of them look quite strange.Some have huge eyes while others seem to be all mouth.Their gaping jaws—often filled with sharp teeth—7.________(be) always open.
The Census of Marine Life is an international project，8.________ records the diversity，distribution，and abundance of life in the ocean.The researchers have discovered more than 5，000 new species so far.The data and information 9.________(collect) by the Census—30 million records and 2，600 papers contributed 10.________ the scientific literature—will serve as a baseline in the coming years.
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(2021·江西省重点高中盟校第一次联考)
Traditionally，Chinese people pay little attention to our birthdays.But they do when they are the age of sixty.The sixty birthday is regarded as a key point of life and a big celebration is necessarily.Sons and daughters are usually in the charge of that.They think it's a good chance to show respect and expressing their thanks for what their parents had done.On the birthday morning the father and the mother will eat long noodles，that symbolize a long life in China.Eggs are also among the best choice of food taken on the day.
na.Eggs are also among the best of food taken on the day.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
(2021·合肥市高三第三次教学质量检测)
假定你是李华，是校乒乓球社团负责人。你校英国交换生Peter打算学习乒乓球，来信询问你们社团暑期的乒乓球公益培训项目情况。请给他回信，内容包括：
1．培训时间和地点；
2．培训内容——接(receive)发(serve)球，对抗训练等；
3．报名方式。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Your，
Li Hua
PAGE
17Unit 4 Cyberspace
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
(2021·河北省高三年级名校联考)
The Photographer of the Year contest(比赛)，supported by companies in various fields，is based in the UK and attracts worldwide photography lovers.Though the first award was given out in 1965，the official contest didn't really start until 2015.With wonderful pictures from thousands of photographers，the 2020 contest rewarded its winners in February.
Octopus(章鱼)Training
This photo was taken by Pasquale Vassallo of Italy and won in the group of “Behavior”．Vassallo said when he came up after a dive，he noticed a soccer ball floating on the surface.When he checked it out，he witnessed a rare scene—an octopus hanging from the ball.He didn't understand what the octopus was doing，but wondered if it was training for the World Cup.
Lemon Shark Nursery
Taken by Anita Kainrath of the Bahamas，it shows young sharks swimming around in the protection of a beautiful thick forest.Kainrath said she spent nearly an hour standing in knee high water being bitten by mosquitoes to get her picture，which won the UP & Coming Photographer of the Year 2020 Award.
Angry Seahorse
Though Rooman Luc of Belgium didn't win the “Portrait”category，his photo，titled “Angry Seahorse”，is quite striking.The close up shot of a seahorse staring into the camera was named the runner up.Mr.Luc said that after first hearing about the seahorse，he went looking for it every week for two months before finally finding it.
Last Dawn，Last Gasp
Vassallo also took the prize in the“Marine Conservation”division with Last Dawn，last Gasp，an appropriately breathtaking shot of a tuna fish trapped in a net，struggling in vain to escape.To take this photo，Vassallo went diving with some local fishermen and followed the path of the fishing nets from the bottom to the surface.
语篇解读： 本文是一篇应用文。介绍了2020年摄影大赛的几幅优秀作品。
1．Which picture of the following was taken by chance
A．Angry Seahorse. B．Lemon Shark Nursery.
C．Octopus Training. D．Last Dawn，Last Gasp.
C [考查细节理解。根据Octopus(章鱼)Training部分中的“Vassallo said when he came up after a dive，he noticed a soccer ball floating on the surface.When he checked it out，he witnessed a rare scene—an octopus hanging from the ball”可知，Vassallo 是无意中拍摄到这张照片的。]
2．What do the pictures all focus on
A．Creatures under water.
B．Animals in danger.
C．Protection of the environment.
D．Loss of biodiversity.
A [考查细节理解。该题要通读全文才能得出答案。从对四幅获奖作品的描述来看，这些照片的聚焦点都是水下生物——章鱼、鲨鱼、海马和金枪鱼。]
3．What can we know about the contest
A．It became well known in 2015.
B．It is sponsored by photography lovers.
C．Its prizes are awarded in February each year.
D．Its photos are judged in categories.
D [考查推理判断。从四幅获奖作品来看，他们所获奖项的类别不同，比如Octopus Training获得的奖项类别是“Behavior”；Lemon Shark Nursery获得的奖项类别是“the Up & Coming”，Angry Seahorse获得的奖项类别是“Portrait”，Last Dawn，Last Gasp则属于“Marine Conservation”范畴。由此可知，大赛作品评奖是按类别进行的。]
B
(2021·山东新高考第一次模拟)
Every so often，someone so young does something so amazing that you can't help but wonder how he manages it.That's what happened the first time we heard Matthew Whitaker play the piano.Matthew is a jazz pianist who is blind，and since the age of 11，he's been performing around the world.
Matthew Whitaker was born at the 24th week.He weighed 1 pound and 11 ounces.His parents were told he had a less than 50% chance of survival.One of the many complications(并发症)he faced was a disease which led to blindness.
No one in Matthew's family was a musician，but his grandfather bought him his first keyboard when he was three years old.It didn't take long for Matthew to show that he had a gift.So the Whitakers decided to get Matthew a teacher，which proved to be difficult.“At the time，we got a lot of answers that he's too young and they don't know how to teach a blind child，”Moses Whitaker said.“He was three years old at the time.”
Finally，Dalia Sakas agreed to meet Matthew.Dalia is the director of music studies at a music school in New York City，a school for the visually impaired.To her surprise，Matthew could listen to a piece of music once and then play it.“Because it is rare to meet such a person and I want to make that possible.”
She did.Matthew has played in more than 200 clubs and concert halls around the world.His love of music has never been in doubt.Matthew's latest album is called Now Hear This.One critic noted that it sounded like Matthew was playing with six hands.
语篇解读： 本文是一篇记叙文。Matthew Whitaker因为早产的并发症而失明，但他在钢琴演奏方面却有过人的天赋，经过了曲折的求学过程，Matthew最终取得了非凡的成就。
4．Which word best describes Matthew as a pianist
A．Fruitless. B．Ordinary.
C．Remarkable. D．Ambitious.
C [考查推理判断。根据第一段最后一句可知，Matthew作为一名盲人钢琴家从十一岁时便开始了全球巡演，由此可知C选项“非凡的，引人注目的”符合题意。A项意为“徒然的；无成效的”；B项意为“平凡的，普通的”；D项意为“有雄心的，有野心的”。]
5．What was the root cause of Matthew's blindness
A．His premature birth.
B．His low weight.
C．His low chance of survival.
D．A disease running in his family.
A [考查细节理解。根据第二段可知，Matthew是一个早产儿，早产带来了很多并发症，其中一种并发症导致他失明，故选A。]
6．What increased the difficulty finding Matthew a music teacher
A．His family background. B．His lack of talent.
C．His age and disability. D．His character.
C [考查细节理解。根据第三段引号内的内容可知，老师们有很多回复说Matthew太小，且他们不知该如何教导一个盲人小孩，故可知C项“他的年龄和残疾”正确。]
7．Why did Dalia accept Matthew as her student
A.Because she sympathized with Matthew for his experience.
B．Because she was struck by Matthew's talent for music.
C．Because she gave in to the insistence of Matthew's grandfather.
D．Because she knew how to teach a blind student.
B [考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“To her surprise，Matthew could listen to a piece of music once and then play in”和最后一句话可推知，Dalia被Matthew的音乐天赋打动了，决定教他，故选B。]
C
(2021·武汉市高中毕业生6月供题)
Sometimes when we are in our darkest hour，something completely unexpected happens that can give us a little bit of hope and comfort.
Jessica was a healthy woman.One day，she woke up and something was not right.After she was sent to the hospital，her heart rate slowed by nearly 50 percent.It took nine days for doctors to zero in on what was causing her problem.
After several weeks，Jessica was able to move her lips.The staff noticed this and introduced Jessica to Consuelo Gonz ?lez，a professional lip reader.Consuelo can understand what people are saying by the shape their lips make.She can also understand how annoying it is not to be able to communicate because she has been completely deaf since the age of 8.
For a few hours each week，Jessica could have long conversations with Consuelo，diving into the ocean of words she dearly missed.Through Consuelo，Jessica asked the doctors and nurses questions she had long wanted answers to.She also talked to Consuelo about the vivid dreams she was mixing up with reality.
In fact，there are other ways for Consuelo to earn a living by reading lips，but she says helping patients separate horrible dreams from reality is the most rewarding way she can use her unique skill.“What is really wonderful is being able to use this skill to create healing and to create communication between human beings.That's what makes me feel good.That's what's the best：Love.”
After four and a half months in the hospital，Jessica finally recovered.Consuelo was there，holding Jessica's hands.Jessica eventually went back to work as a math professor.After her experience she wrote a new living will.One thing she added is that if she ever becomes incapacitated like this again，she is never to be left alone.
语篇解读： 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在Jessica因生病而无法用语言进行交流时，Consuelo González用自已的唇读技能帮助她与人交流，且每周都会和她进行长时间的交流直至她痊愈为止。
8．What did Consuelo do for Jessica
A．She cured Jessica's heart disease.
B．She helped Jessica communicate.
C．She taught Jessica how to read lips.
D．She made Jessica's dream come true.
B [考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Through Consuelo，Jessica asked the doctors and nurses questions she had long wanted answers to”可知，Consuelo帮助Jessica与他人进行交流。故选B。]
9．How does Consuelo feel about her job
A．Horrible. B．Confident.
C．Worried. D．Satisfied.
D [考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段的内容，尤其是第一句中的“but she says helping patients separate horrible dreams from reality is the most rewarding way she can use her unique skill”可知，Consuelo认为这是她能运用自己的独特技能的最有意义的方式。由此可以推断出，她对自己的工作是感到满意的。故选D。]
10．Which of the following best explains“incapacitated”underlined in the last paragraph
A．Seriously ill. B．Desperately lonely.
C．Less reliable. D．More fortunate.
A [考查词义猜测。根据上文所述可知，Jessica此次病得非常厉害，以至于无法与人用语言进行交流。又根据该画线词后的“like this again”可以推断出，该画线词的含义与A项的含义相近。]
11．What is the text mainly about
A．A close friendship. B．A good living will.
C．An unusual skill. D．A new treatment.
C [考查主旨大意。文章进述了在Jessica因生病而无法用语言进行交流时，Consuelo用自己的唇读技能帮助她与人交流，且每周都会和她交流很长时间，直至她痊愈为止。Consuelo认为帮助病人把噩梦与现实区分开是她能运用自己的独特技能的最有意义的方式。由此可知，C项的表述符合本文主题。故选C。]
D
(2021·武汉市部分学校质量检测)
Never play games with a bot(robot)—it will find a way to cheat if it can.A team from OpenAI，an artificial intelligence lab in San Francisco，has developed artificially intelligent bots that taught themselves to cooperate by playing hide and seek.The bots also learned how to use basic tools to help win.
Bowen Baker at OpenAI and his colleagues wanted to see if the team based dynamics of the OpenAI Five could be used to produce skills that could one day be useful to humans.
The researchers set their bots loose in a simulated(模拟的) environment filled with fixed walls，movable boxes and ladders，and left them to play team games of hide and seek.The bots each had their own view of the world and couldn't communicate with each other directly.
At first，the hiders simply ran away.But they soon worked out that the quickest way to stop the seekers was to find objects in the environment to hide themselves from view.The seekers learned that they could move boxes around and use them to climb over walls.The bots then discovered that being a team player—passing objects to each other or cooperating on a hideout—was the quickest way to win.
But the real surprise came when the bots started making use of problems or faults.Seekers found that if they pushed a ladder towards a wall，they could launch themselves into the air and spot hiders from above.Hiders found that they could get rid of the ladders by pushing them aside.
It shows that AI bots are able to find solutions that humans miss，says Baker.“Maybe they'll even be able to solve problems that humans don't yet know how to.”However，it is a large leap(跳跃) from virtual hide and seek to real problem solving.“The main limitation is that it is in simulation，”says Chelsea Finn at Stanford University.
语篇解读： 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种通过玩捉迷藏自学合作技能的人工智能机器人，这些机器人还会了使用基本工具来帮助自己获胜。
12．Why did Bowen and his colleagues conduct the research
A．To teach bots to play games.
B．To train bots to use basic tools.
C．To find if bots may cheat like humans.
D．To see the potential of bots' cooperation.
D [考查细节理解。根据第二段可知，OpenAI的Bowen Baker和他的同事们想看看OpenAI Five的人工智能机器人的团队互动能否被用来产生将来对人类有用的技能，故D项正确。]
13．What's the third paragraph mainly about
A．The tools of the research.
B．The design of the research.
C．The competitors of the game.
D．The environment of the game.
B [考查主旨要义。通读第三段可知，该段主要介绍了研究的设计：研究人员将机器人置于一个充满固定墙壁、可移动的盒子和梯子的模拟环境中，让它们玩团队捉迷藏游戏；且彼此不能直接交流。故B项正确。]
14．What does the underlined word“It”in the last paragraph refer to
A.Passing objects.
B．Moving boxes around.
C．Making use of faults.
D．Hiding themselves from view.
C [考查词义猜测。根据第五段第一句“But the real surprise came when the bots started making use of problems or faults”可知，但真正令人惊讶的是，机器人开始利用问题或失误且第五段给出了相应的例子；结合尾段第一句可以判断，该句主语It指代的是“机器人利用错误”，故C项正确。]
15．What does Chelsea think of the finding of the research
A．It can bridge a gap in the AI research.
B．It will not be influenced by the real world.
C．It will definitely help the real problem solving.
D．It may not be realized out of the virtual world.
D [考查推断判断。根据尾段尾句中Chelsea Finn所说的话“The main limitation is that it is in simulation”可知，Chelsea Finn认为主要的局限在于机器人的互动是处于模拟状态下的。据此可以判断，Chelsea Finn认为超出模拟范围，这种结果可能不会发生。故D项正确。]
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2021·银川市普通高中学科教学质量检测)
Telecommuting(also known as working from home)is a work arrangement in which the employee works outside the office，often working from home or a location close to home.__1__
Doctors and countless other health care workers of the world will always need to have hands on experiences with patients，just as：
◇__2__
◇Scientists need to be in labs.
The existence of telecommuting must have its benefits and appropriate population.
More freedom.
Telecommuting allows a worker greater freedom regarding her or his work hours and work location.It gives the employee more flexibility to balance work and personal obligations(义务).
Productivity.
Working from home can make you more productive，because you do not have the distractions(分散注意力的事)of office space.__3__ Sometimes you might be easily distracted by home appliances such as washing machines，or you actually need supervision(监管)from your boss to concentrate on your work.
Employees' welfare.
Allowing workers to telecommute often makes them more productive.__4__ Telecommuters are also likely to be happier in their jobs and are therefore more likely to stay with the company.Telecommuting even saves companies money in office expenses，such as rent and stationery(文具).
__5__
Some people also find working from home to be a bit isolating(隔离的)，because they are not around their co workers.Those who enjoy teamwork may lose their opportunity to bond with colleagues by teleconferencing alone.You should come up with a strategic plan if you want to ask your employer if you can telecommute.
A．Mental health issues.
B．Cooperation with workers.
C．That can benefit the company.
D．Of course，this is not necessarily true.
E．You need to find an appropriate place to do work.
F．Construction workers need to be on building sites.
G．However，many jobs are not suited to remote work.
语篇解读： 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了远程办公的定义和好处。
1．G [本空是一个过渡句。根据上文中的“the employee works outside the office，often working from home or a location close to home”和下文中的“need to have hands on experiences with patients”可知，本空承上启下，讲的应该是远程办公并不适合所有的工种，故G项符合语境。]
2．F [根据“other health care workers of the world will always need to have hands on experiences with patients，just as”可知，本空讲的应该也是需要现场办公的工种。另外，结合并列位置上的“Scientists need to be in labs”可以判断，F项符合语境。]
3．D [本空是一个过渡句。根据上一句中的“you do not have the distractions(分散注意力的事)of office space”和下一句中的“Sometimes you might be easily distracted by home appliances”可知，本空承上启下，故D项符合语境。]
4．C [本空是一个过渡句。结合下一句中的“Telecommuters are also likely to be happier in their jobs”可知，空处讲的应该是这样做的一种好处，故C项符合语境。]
5．B [本空是一个小标题。结合并列位置上小标题的特点可知，本空应该是一个名词词组，故A、B选项符合要求。再根据本部分中的“Those who enjoy teamwork may lose their opportunity to bond with colleagues”可知，本段主要讲的是合作，故B项符合语境。]
第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2021·太原市高三模拟)
When people find out that my son Sam is a competitive mathlete，they usually ask if my husband and I are “math persons”．The answer is “Definitely not”．
Ninth grade was__1__ for Sam.To prepare for a competition，he took __2__ practice tests，which were sometimes as__3__ as three hours.In the end，he didn't do as well as he'd hoped and was __4__ by a math camp he'd applied to.
He wandered into my office one day last spring，murmuring.
“I just feel like the whole year has been a __5__．”
I get it.How many days—weeks，months—have I“wasted”writing the __6__ scene over and over again？Writing a novel sometimes feels like two steps forward，one step back.__7__ whenever I feel like that，I try to __8__ myself that no matter what happens with my book，I've __9__ the time I've spent working on it.The delight I find in writing is __10__ for me.
“Nothing's ever wasted.You may not have gotten the __11__ you wanted，but as you try to solve the __12__ problems，you are making progress with each effort you make.”
He shrugged(耸肩).“I feel like everyone else did better than me.”
Sam was talking about the __13__ boards，where math kids come together to share resources and，more often than not，__14__ their wins.
“I know it feels that way，but it isn't true.You know people __15__ their successes far more than their __16__，” I said，as much to myself as to Sam.
Just like Sam，I can't control the __17__，and I can only control my input.To devote time to something with no __18__ of its success is risky and __19__．But，then again，so is everything.
And you don't need to be a(n) __20__ person to know that.
语篇解读： 作者的儿子为准备一个比赛而参加了各种训练测试，但并没有获得自己想要的结果，最后被数学营拒绝了，他为此向作者发牢骚；作者根据自己写书的经历，告诉儿子，他所作的每一次努力都是在进步，虽然他人总是将成功展示出来，但是背后他们也付出了很多努力。
1．A.simple B．tough
C．peaceful D．exciting
B [根据该段最后一句中的“In the end，he didn't do as well as he'd hoped”和语境可知，九年级对Sam来说非常艰难。故选B。]
2．A.few B．casual
C．multiple D．easy
C [根据本句中的“To prepare for a competition”和语境可知，为了准备一个比赛，Sam参加了多种练习测试。multiple“多种的”符合语境，故选C。]
3．A.far B．long
C．deep D．straight
B [根据本句中的“three hours”和常识可知，这些测试的时间有时长达三个小时，故选B。]
4．A.accepted B．praised
C．replied D．rejected
D [根据第三段中的“wandered into my office”和“murmuring”以及下文作者安慰他可知，Sam最后被数学营拒绝了，因此他到作者的办公室里发牢骚，故选D。]
5．A.waste B．vacation
C．pleasure D．trouble
A [根据第6空前的“wasted”和下文中的“Nothing's ever wasted”可知，Sam感觉自己一整年的时光都被浪费了，故选A。]
6．A.same B．vivid
C．brief D．literary
A [根据本句中的“over and over again”和下文中的“Writing a novel sometimes feels like two steps forward，one step back”可知，这里作者是在反问自己，反复地写同一个场景是不是也在浪费时间，故选A。vivid“生动的，逼真的”；literary“文学的”。]
7．A.So B．And
C．But D．Because
C [根据下文中的“The delight I find in writing”和语境可知，作者看待自己的写作和Sam看待他的数学营结果的方式不同，此处表转折，故选C。]
8．A.help B．convince
C．improve D．answer
B [根据第10空前的“The delight I find in writing”和第六段第一句“Nothing's ever wasted”可知，作者努力让自己确信，无论她写的书会有一个什么样的结果，她都已享受(enjoyed)写书所度过的那段时光。从写作中发现的快乐对她来说已经足够(enough)了。convince“使确信，使相信，使信服”符合语境，故选B。]
9．A.offered B．killed
C．saved D．enjoyed
D [参见上题解析。]
10．A.limited B．popular
C．obvious D．enough
D [参见第8题解析。]
11．A.exam B．advice
C．course D．result
D [根据上文的内容可知，Sam为准备一个比赛，参加了多种练习测试，这些测试的时间有时长达三个小时，但他并没有像他自己期望的做得那么好，最后他被他所申请的数学营拒绝了，因此此处作者是在安慰他，说他也许没有得到自己想要的结果(result)。故选D。]
12．A.challenging B．urgent
C．historical D．imaginary
A [根据第二段的内容和语境可知，Sam在准备一个比赛的过程中，参加了各种练习测试，因此他所面临的问题应是有挑战性的问题。故选A。urgent“紧迫的”；historical“(有关)历史的”；imaginary“想象中的，幻想的”。]
13．A.message B．chess
C．drawing D．safety
A [根据本句中的“where math kids come together to share resources”可知，这里指的是用来分享信息资源的留言板，故选A。]
14．A.escape from B．think about
C．show off D．compete in
C [根据上文中的“I feel like everyone else did better than me”和语境可知，Sam之所以感觉其他所有人都比自己做得好，是因为这些孩子通常也在留言板上炫耀(show off)自己的胜利，故选C。]
15．A.ban B．post
C．doubt D．receive
B [根据上文中的“________ their wins”和“but it isn't true”以及该空后的“their successes far more than their ________”并结合语境可知，作者认为，比起他们所付出的努力(struggles)，人们更多地展示他们成功的那些方面。post“张贴，公布”符合语境，故选B。]
16．A.methods B．intentions
C．struggles D．reasons
C [参见上题解析。]
17．A.solution B．outcome
C．custom D．fortune
B [根据本段中的“I can only control my input”并结合语境可知，作者认为，她只能控制自己付出的努力，而无法控制最终的结果，故选B。]
18．A.courage B．accident
C．chance D．guarantee
D [根据本段中的“I can only control my input”“risky”以及“so is everything”并结合语境可知，作者认为，将时间花在没有成功保证的事情上是有风险且令人恐惧的，不过一切事情都是如此。故选D。]
19．A.terrifying B．instructive
C．personal D．ridiculous
A [参见上题解析。instructive“富有教益的，增长知识的”；ridiculous“荒唐的”。]
20．A.art B．adult
C．math D．business
C [此处应与第一段中的“math persons”呼应，表明作者是借她儿子被数学营拒绝的故事与自己写作的经历和感受进行对比，进而说明不是非得成为一个数学方面的成功人士才会懂得上面讲的道理，很多事情都遵循这个道理。故选C。]
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2021·合肥市高三调研)
Deep below the ocean's surface is a mysterious world that takes up 95% of Earth's living space.But the deep sea remains 1.________(large) unexplored.Dive down 650 feet，2.________ you will notice that light starts fading rapidly.The deeper you dive，the 3.________(low) the temperature becomes.At 13，000 feet，the temperature stays around freezing point，and there's no sunlight at all.Yet there is life—an astonishing 4.________(vary) of creatures that you'll never imagine.You can't dive to the deep ocean on your own，of course.But scientists now have lots of advanced and complicated technologies 5.________(explore) this vast frontier.
It's hard to imagine that thousands of fascinating animals have adapted to life in this 6.________(challenge) environment.Many of them look quite strange.Some have huge eyes while others seem to be all mouth.Their gaping jaws—often filled with sharp teeth—7.________(be) always open.
The Census of Marine Life is an international project，8.________ records the diversity，distribution，and abundance of life in the ocean.The researchers have discovered more than 5，000 new species so far.The data and information 9.________(collect) by the Census—30 million records and 2，600 papers contributed 10.________ the scientific literature—will serve as a baseline in the coming years.
语篇解读： 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了针对海洋深处的世界的探索发现，包括其环境特点和生物特点。
1．解析： 考查副词。此处应用副词largely修饰后面的形容词unexplored。
答案： largely
2．解析： 考查连词。此处考查祈使句(表条件)＋and＋另一分句(表结果)。此处表示潜到650英尺深的时候，你会注意到光开始迅速变暗。故用and连接。
答案： and
3．解析： 考查形容词的比较级。根据“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”(越……就越……)句型可知，此处填lower。
答案： lower
4．解析： 考查名词。根据空前的an astonishing可知，此处要填名词，故把动词vary改为其名词形式variety。此处表示“令人惊奇的多种生物”。
答案： variety
5．解析： 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处用不定式短语作后置定语，修饰前面的名词，故空处填to explore。
答案： to explore
6．解析： 考查形容词。根据空前的this及空后的名词environment可知，此处填形容词challenging。
答案： challenging
7．解析： 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处作谓语，结合全文的基本时态——一般现在时可知，此处时态应用一般现在时，主语是Their gaping jaws，为复数形式，故填are。
答案： are
8．解析： 考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰表示物的先行词project，所以填which。
答案： which
9．解析： 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语，故空处为非谓语动词。又空后为by the Census，collect与data and information之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填其过去分词形式collected。
答案： collected
10．解析： 考查介词。此处考查固定用法contribute sth.to sth.“把某物添加到某物”，故空处填介词to。
答案： to
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(2021·江西省重点高中盟校第一次联考)
Traditionally，Chinese people pay little attention to our birthdays.But they do when they are the age of sixty.The sixty birthday is regarded as a key point of life and a big celebration is necessarily.Sons and daughters are usually in the charge of that.They think it's a good chance to show respect and expressing their thanks for what their parents had done.On the birthday morning the father and the mother will eat long noodles，that symbolize a long life in China.Eggs are also among the best choice of food taken on the day.
答案：
Traditionally，Chinese people pay little attention to birthdays.But they do when they are the age of sixty.The birthday is regarded as a key point of life and a big celebration is ．Sons and daughters are usually in charge of that.They think it's a good chance to show respect and their thanks for what their parents done.On the birthday morning the father the mother will eat long noodles， symbolize a long life in China.Eggs are also among the best of food taken on the day.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
(2021·合肥市高三第三次教学质量检测)
假定你是李华，是校乒乓球社团负责人。你校英国交换生Peter打算学习乒乓球，来信询问你们社团暑期的乒乓球公益培训项目情况。请给他回信，内容包括：
1．培训时间和地点；
2．培训内容——接(receive)发(serve)球，对抗训练等；
3．报名方式。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Your，
Li Hua
答案：
Dear Peter，
How's everything going？I'm delighted to learn that you are interested in playing ping pong and want to join us.Now let me give you a brief introduction to our training programme which is non profit this summer holiday.
Members of the team have regular training on every Friday afternoon from 3：00 to 5：00 in the school gym.New members will receive extra guidance such as receiving and serving balls on Saturday mornings.Sometimes there will also be matches between members.If you want to apply for it，you are required to fill in the application form and send an email to pingpong @ .
I hope my introduction will be of help to you.
Yours，
Li Hua
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