人教版（2019）必修 第一册 ：Unit 5 Languages around the World 知识点学案（含答案）

高中英语人教版（2019）必修 第一册 Unit 5 Languages around the World学案
【学习目标】
掌握本节生词及句型表达与运用。
【知识运用】
1.equal n.同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同样的；胜任的 vt.比得上；敌得过　equally adv.相等地，相同地
...our relationship is close and we’re equals，so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us.(教材P66)……我们的关系很亲密，我们是平等的，因此我只需说几个字，就能消除我们之间的距离。
[合作探究]　体会equal的用法和意义
As far as I know，he is quite equal to the job.
据我所知，他完全有能力胜任这项工作。
Health is not equal to everything，but lose health，lose all.
健康不等于一切，但失去健康却等于失去了一切。
None of us can equal her，either in beauty or as a dancer.
不管是美貌还是在舞艺上我们都比不上她。
His paintings are without equal in the Western world.
他的画在西方世界首屈一指。
[自主发现]
①be equal to　等于；相当于
②be equal to sth/doing sth 胜任做某事；能应付某事
③A equals B in sth A在某方面比得上B
④without equal 无与伦比
[巩固内化]
(1)单句语法填空
①She is very weak and not equal to making (make)a long journey.
②Actually，the three columns are equally (equal)attractive to us students.
③Nobody can equal him in intelligence.
(2)补全句子
④No one equals him in maths，about which everyone knows.
在数学方面没有人比得上他，这一点大家都清楚。
⑤Anyone will be equal to the job，as long as he is careful.
只要细心，任何人都能胜任这项工作。
2.demand n.要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问
But if I’m talking to someone who isn’t very close to me，I must make my request longer—and I must make it a question，not a demand.(教材P66)
但是，如果我和一个不是很亲近的人交谈，我必须把我的请求说的长一些——我必须确保这是请求，而不是一个要求。
[合作探究]　体会demand的用法和意义
Soft drinks are much in demand in this hot weather.
这么热的天气，软饮料的需求量很大。
The manager promised that they would try to meet their customers’ demands.
经理许诺他们会尽力满足顾客的需求。
He demanded that I (should) tell him everything I knew.
＝He demanded of me to tell him everything I knew.
他要求我告诉他我所知道的。
[自主发现]
①in demand　　非常需要；急需
②meet/satisfy one’s demands 满足……需要
③demand (of sb) to do sth 要求(某人)做某事
④demand that...(should)do sth 要求……做某事(从句用虚拟语气)
[名师提醒]　
(1)demand后跟宾语从句时，要用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”；
(2)demand不能用于demand sb to do sth结构；“向某人要某物”不能用demand sb sth结构，要用demand sth of/from sb结构。
[巩固内化]　
(1)同义句转换
①He demanded to be told everything at any time.
→He demanded that he (should) be told everything at any time.
(2)一句多译
②这位老师要求学生们准时到校。
→The teacher demanded that the students (should)go to school on time. (demand that...)
→The teacher demanded of the students to go to school on time. (demand of sb to do sth)
[思考]　请写出除demand之外，后接宾语从句时常用虚拟语气的动词。
advise，suggest，desire，command，urge，order，require，prefer等。
3.relate vt.联系；讲述　related adj.相关的；有(亲属)关系的　relation n.关系
Does each sentence relate to the main idea (教材P67)
每句话都与主旨有关吗？
[合作探究]　体会relate及其相关词的用法和意义
Your works must relate to/be related to our school life.
你的作品一定要与我们的学校生活有关。
Don’t relate me to Kate；she is a bright girl.
不要把我和凯特联系起来，她是一个聪明的女孩。
The position calls for related experience in the field and being skilled at using computers.这个岗位要求有该领域相关的经验并能熟练使用电脑。
He related the facts of the case to journalists.
他给记者讲述了这件事的实际情况。
[自主发现]
①relate to...　　　和……相关；涉及；谈到
②relate...to... 把……和……联系在一起
③relate sth to sb 向某人叙述/讲述某事
④be related to 和……有关；和……有联系
[巩固内化]
(1)单句语法填空
①I have a lot to say in relation(relate) to that affair.
②Education levels are strongly related to income.
(2)补全句子
③Can you relate what happened in your childhood to your present state of mind
你能否把你童年时的经历同目前的心境联系起来？
④The cost relates directly to the amount of time spent on the project.这个项目的成本与所费时间有直接关系。
4.I used to get high marks in English，but now I’m having a lot of trouble with my listening.(教材P66)
我以前英语成绩很好，但是现在我的听力有很多麻烦。
【句式解读】　have trouble with sth意为“在某方面有麻烦/困难”。
【用法总结】
(1)have trouble/difficulty with sth　　　　在……方面有麻烦；做某事有困难
(2)have trouble/difficulty (in)doing sth 做某事有麻烦/困难
①I am having some trouble with my classmates at the moment.
目前，我和同学们(相处)有些麻烦。
②With a local guide leading the way，they had no difficulty walking out of the forest.有当地向导带路，他们毫无困难地走出了森林。
③You can’t imagine what trouble I had solving the problem.
你想象不到我解决这个问题有多难。
[巩固内化]　补全句子
①Please don’t hesitate to turn to us for help whenever you have trouble with your study.
不论什么时候学习遇到困难，请马上找我们帮忙。
②Some students have trouble with grammar while others have difficulty remembering new words.
有些学生学语法有困难，而有的记单词有困难。
【阅读探究】
The Night the Earth Didn’t Sleep
Q1: What kind of words can show the development of the Chinese writing system clearly
Q2: What happened to the Chinese characters at those important times Finish the timeline.　
　
Several years ago
By the Shang Dynasty
Over the years
In the Qin Dynasty
Today
【句型梳理】
句型公式
1.“by＋时间”短语组成的介词短语表示“到……时为止”，在句中作时间状语，句子的谓语动词常用完成时态。
2.现在分词短语作结果状语。
3.“of＋名词”结构，相当于同根形容词。
4.no matter＋where/when/how/what/who/which引导让步状语从句。
句式语境仿写
1.By the Shang Dynasty(around 1600-1046 BCE)，these symbols had become a well-developed writing system.到了商朝(大约公元前1600-前1046年)，这些符号已经成为一个成熟的书写体系。
[仿写]　到上周末我们已收到1 000多条短信。
By the end of last week，we had received over 1，000 text messages.
2.Over the years，the system developed into different forms，as it was a time when people were divided geographically，leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.多年来，由于中国人在地理上的分裂，它(书写体系)发展成不同的形式，方言和文字的多样性也随之产生。
[仿写]　那场大火持续了近一周，没有剩下什么值钱的东西。
The fire lasted nearly a week，leaving nothing valuable.
3.That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.这一书写体系对于凝聚中华民族和中华文化具有重要意义。
[仿写]　做早操对你的健康有利。
Doing morning exercises will be of benefit to your health.
4.Even today，no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing.即使在今天，无论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。
[仿写]　无论他说什么，不要相信他。
Don’t trust him，no matter what/whatever he says.
【语法解析】
定语从句
关系副词引导的定语从句
　 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
主要作用有：1. 指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词；
2.在从句中充当句子成分——状语；
3.起连接作用，把主句和定语从句连接起来。
1）when, where, why
　when 表示时间，代替先行词并在定语从句中做时间状语，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词。
　 There are occasions when one must yield.　任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
where表示地点，代替先行词并在定语从句中做地点状语，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词。
　 Beijing is the place where I was born.　北京是我的出生地。 　
why表示原因，代替先行词并在定语从句中做原因状语，其先行词往往是表示理由的名词如reason。
Is this the reason why he refused our offer 　这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词
　 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：
　 His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.　他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
　 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
关系代词与关系副词的选用
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就要用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village that/which I visited last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
若关系词在从句中做主语或宾语，用关系代词；做状语则用关系副词。
Is this the museum that/which you visited a few days ago
Is this the museum where the exhibition was held？
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句主要用于正式文体，在非正式文体中通常将介词放至句末。如：
This is the man to whom I referred. 我指的就是这个人。
This is the man (whom) I referred to. 我指的就是这个人。
2. 直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词which不能换成that，直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词whom不能换成who。但若介词用于句末，则用作宾语的which, whom也可换成that, who，或者省略不同。如：
这是一个我们讨论了许多的问题。
This is a subject about which we have talked a lot. (which不能换成that，也不能省略)
This is a subject which we have talked about a lot. 这是一个我们讨论了许多的问题。(which可以换成that，也可以省略)
关系副词when, where, why根据情况有时可换成“介词+关系代词”。
如： That is the day when [=on which] he was born. 那就是他出生的日子。
That is the house where [=in which] he lived. 那就是他住过的房子。That is the reason why [=for which] he must apologize. 那就是他必须道歉的原因。
在很正式的文体中，“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句可紧缩成“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构。如：在那儿孩子们有个玩耍的花园。
正：There the children had a garden in which to play. (很正式)
正：There the children had a garden in which they could play. (较正式)
正：There the children had a garden to play in. (较口语化)
注：这类“介词+关系代词++不定式”结构中的介词不能没有，也不能放在句末。如不能说There the children had a garden which to play in.
一、关系副词的用法
基本用法
关系副词起连接主句和从句的作用，又在从句中作状语，when，where和why分别表示时间，地点和原因。
1.when在从句中作时间状语。常用on which，in which，at which，during which等代替。
e.g. April the first is the day when people make fun of others.= April the first is the day on which people make fun of others.
2.where在从句中作地点状语。常可由in which，on which，at which等取代。
e.g This is the house where he lived two years ago.=This is the house in which he lived two years ago.
3.why why在定语从句中作原因状语。可用for which代替。why不可引导非限定性定语从句，此时可用for which代替。
e.g. This is the reason why he went away.
=This is the reason for which he went away.
注意：不管先行词表示的是时间、地点还是原因，只要在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，引导词就要用which或that。
I'll never forget the days（which/that）we spent in the small village.
我永远忘不了我们在那个小村庄度过的那些日子。（作宾语）
Is this the farm（which/that）you visited last week？
这是你们上周参观过的那个农场吗？（作宾语）
The park which/that attracts the most visitors will be closed.
吸引参观者最多的那个公园将要关闭了。（作主语）
The reason（which/that）he explained at the meeting was not sound.
他在会议.上解释的原因并不充分。（作宾语）
二、“介词+关系代词”的用法
1.“介词十关系代词”结构中的关系代词通常用whose，which或whom，不用that。
This is the pencil with which I draw pictures.
这是我画画用的那支铅笔。
2.“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的确定方法。
关系代词前介词选择三原则：--先，二动，三意义。
（1）一先，即根据介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。
We will never forget the day on which the earthquake happened in Wenchuan.
我们将永远不会忘记汶川发生地震的日子。
（2）二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。
He is the model from whom we should learn.
他是我们应该学习的榜样。
（3）三意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。
Look at the building over which is flying a red flag. It's where I work.
看那栋上面飘着红旗的房子，这就是我上班的地方。
3.“介词+关系代词”前可有名词、数词或some，any，none，both，all，neither，most，each，one，few等代词，构成“名词/代词/数词等+介词十关系代词”结构。
Here are the questions，some of which I thought difficult for you.
就是这些问题，其中-些我认为对你来说太难。
【巩固练习】
1.I don’t mind _____ (let) you read my poem.
2.Whether we need more food depends _____ how many people turn up.
3.I have some trouble in _____ (translate) the article.
4._____ my opinion, it’s always a good idea to be kind and polite.
5.What he said doesn’t relate _____ his action.
6.Medical workers are _____ great demand in that area.
7.Men and women should be treated _____ (equal) according to the law, but in fact there is great room for improvement.
8.He has been struggling _____ success in business.
9.Today, the generation _____ (差距) has not disappeared, but it is getting narrow in many families.
10.He has a poor _____ (词汇), so he can’t express himself correctly.
参考答案
1.答案：letting
解析：
2.答案：on
解析：
3.答案：translating
解析：
4.答案：In
解析：
5.答案：to
解析：
6.答案：in
解析：
7.答案：equally
解析：
8.答案：for
解析：
9.答案：gap
解析：
10.答案：vocabulary
解析：