Unit 10 Money
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
(2021·山东部分重点中学高三第一次综合考试)
Being stuck at home doesn't mean that learning stops.In fact，it's just the opposite.Here are some activities and resources to foster kids' imagination and build their curiosity at home.
Let's Get down to Science
The science lab at school may be closed，but kids can still put on goggles and a white lab coat and learn at home.This Test Tube Experiment Kit will make them feel like a genius in no time.Kids will get the chance to learn about basic chemistry，physics，and more by creating pop resistant bubbles，bouncy balls，and other objects.
To Infinity(无穷)and Beyond
Earth is a part of the Milky Way，but do kids know how many galaxies there are in the universe？There are so many fun and fascinating things to learn about space that the possibilities truly go to infinity and beyond.A great way to start your child's educational space adventure is with this Discovery Real Life Sticker and Activity Book：Space.
Take a Walk on the Wild Side
Biology class is in session！Here's kids' chance to get up close and personal with a great white shark without putting on a wetsuit.This 4D Great White Shark Anatomy Kit allows them to get an inside look at what makes these predators of the deep so powerful.And then take an even deeper dive into a shark's world with I'm a Shark.
Let your kid take advantage of this time at home and find new ways to keep exploring the world around him.
1．What is common among these activities above
A．They are all performed outdoors.
B．They are all associated with physics.
C.They all recommend some resources for kids to study.
D．They are all carried out by the way of experimenting.
2．Which resource favors children interested in stars
A．The Test Tube Experiment Kit.
B．Discovery Real Life Sticker and Activity Book：Space.
C．The 4D Great White Shark Anatomy Kit.
D．I'm a Shark.
3．What's the shared goal of the activities
A．To gain financial benefits.
B．To save kids from boredom.
C．To explore new technologies.
D．To inspire kids to study at home.
B
(2021·合肥市高三调研)
Noelle Stevenson has always been a fan of science fiction and fantasies.As a kid，she loved the space battles，the magic，the quests that seemed larger than life.But there was a problem with her favorite childhood stories，like Star Wars and The Lord of the Rings series.“I never quite saw myself reflected in them，” Stevenson says，“certainly not at the heart of the story.”She wanted a female version of Luke Skywalker and Lord Sauron.
Stevenson began her career as a comic(连环漫画) writer.In 2015，her graphic novel Nimona was a National Book Awards finalist and her series Lumberjanes won two Eisner Awards.When Netflix and DreamWorks wanted to reboot(重新启动) She Ra：Princess of Power—an epic showdown between magical princesses and an evil alien invader—Stevenson was all in.
She kept much of the original show's action and adventure—the reboot takes place on the planet Etheria, and one of the princesses who are trying to stop the evil Horde army from taking over is named Adora.She grew up behind enemy lines，taken from her home by the Horde and raised as a soldier.But eventually，Adora realizes the atrocities the Horde has committed against the Etherians and leaves to join the rebellion(叛乱)，and she quickly finds a magical sword that transforms her into a giant warrior princess named She Ra.
Stevenson did make one small but important change to the show：Its name.The Netflix and DreamWorks version is She Ra and the PRINCESSES of Power.All the princesses are important.
4．What was the problem with Stevenson's favorite childhood stories
A．They were not appealing.
B．They were full of violence.
C．They lacked women characters.
D．They had quite confusing plots.
5．What do we know about the rebooted She Ra：Princess of Power
A．It was adapted considerably.
B．It was awarded two Eisner Awards.
C．It was finally filmed in 2015.
D．It was produced by two companies.
6．What does the underlined word “atrocities” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．Violent actions. B．Cruel instructions.
C．Sorrowful suicides. D．Valuable resources.
7．What can we infer about Noelle Stevenson from the text
A．She loves comedy. B．She's a talented writer.
C．She's a princess. D．She works for Netflix.
C
(2021·6月潍坊市模拟)
Teenagers may not know the name Kevin Mayer，but he's about to play an outsize role in their lives.
The longtime leader of The Walt Disney Company just became CEO of TikTok(抖音).In doing so，Mayer will take charge of an app whose influence over a lot of people has made it one of the most influential，although controversial(有争议的)，platforms of the era.
Mayer has been with Disney since the early 1990s—minus a period as CEO of Playboy.com—and he's helped to acquire some important brands in the film industry.More recently he's become known for his key role in the launch of the all important Disney Plus streaming service.Mayer was thought to be among the most obvious potential successors to outgoing CEO Bob Iger，but he was passed over for Bob Chapek，who ran Disney's theme park unit.
Mayer's departure from Disney may not be a surprise，but his move to TikTok is unexpected.The app，owned by China based ByteDance，is at a crucial moment in its short history—seeing enormous growth but facing increasing criticism over its data collection practices.As it rises in influence，the company will surely face a growing drumbeat of intense media and strict monitoring.
In contrast，Disney has never been more delicate，with the COVID 19 pandemic having broken nearly all of its core business units，from the closedown of theme parks and movie theaters to ongoing interruptions to its production schedules.Mayer，whatever else is motivating the move，is hopping(跳) to another position at a proper time.
8．What's the text mainly about
A．The job hopping of a CEO.
B．The rising influence of TikTok.
C．The decline of The Walt Disney Company.
D．The intense competition between companies.
9．What's the likely reason for Mayer's departure from Disney
A．He has been offered a higher salary.
B．He wasn't qualified for his previous job.
C．He preferred a new career concerning teenagers.
D．He failed to succeed Bob Iger as CEO of Disney.
10．What do we know about TikTok according to the text
A．Potential but delicate.
B．Profitable but immoral.
C．Popular but controversial.
D．Professional but addictive.
11．What is the purpose of the text
A．To advertise for Disney.
B．To report a piece of news.
C．To recommend a new app.
D．To compare two companies.
D
(2021·昆明市“三诊一模”高考模拟考试)
When our Scottish puppy(幼犬) reached doggie adolescence，she suddenly stopped obeying my commands.Our dog trainer advised us to stop worrying.“She's a teenager，” she said.“She'll grow out of it.” Now，a new study is backing that up：Dogs experience an extremely sensitive period at the beginning of adolescence that makes them act out，just like human teenagers.
To see exactly how adolescence changes dog behaviors，the researchers monitored 70 female German shepherds raised as potential guide dogs.They asked caregivers to score the puppies on their attachment and attention?seeking behaviors，such as sitting very close to their owner or displaying a particularly strong bond for one person.
Dogs with high scores on either scale entered adolescence earlier—at about 5 months，compared with 8 months for those with lower scores.Various reasons cause human teenage girls with poor parental relationships to also enter adolescence at a younger age.Thus，similar to humans，dogs that have tense relationships with their caregivers see changes in their reproductive development.
To test obedience(顺从)，the scientists assessed a separate group of 69 guide dogs，first at 5 months and later at 8 months.They asked the dog's caregiver and a stranger to give the command to “sit”．All of the preadolescent puppies quickly sat for both people，but when the same puppies reached adolescence，many “repeatedly” refused to follow the order from their caregiver.However，they readily and annoyingly obeyed the stranger.Dogs that weren't securely attached to their caregivers were even more willing to follow the stranger's commands—again，much like human teenagers.
Because of the similarities between adolescent puppies and humans，dogs could serve as a model species for studying adolescence in humans，the scientists say.And on a more practical note，the temporary nature of dog disobedience might make us worry less when our puppies suddenly get minds of their own.
12．What makes the Scottish puppy disobey its owner
A．Its being treated badly.
B．Its naughty nature.
C．Its relation with the owner.
D．Its being adolescent.
13．What do the scores in the study suggest
A．Higher scores probably mean earlier adolescence.
B．The lower the score，the tenser the relationship.
C．A puppy with a lower score could be a guide dog.
D．A girl scoring higher gets on well with her parents.
14．What is the result of the obedience test
A．Human teens have a strong bond with puppies.
B.Puppies enter adolescence at the age of 5 months old.
C．The 69 guide dogs can understand caregivers well.
D．Adolescent dogs without enough care prefer to follow the stranger.
15．What's the potential significance of the study
A．To understand your dog's behavior.
B．To better study human adolescence.
C．To show the process of research.
D．To help pet owners solve a puzzle.
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2021·沈阳市教学质量监测三)
When you try too hard but you don't succeed；when despite all your efforts you don't get the results you need，give up and move on.__1__．Confused？What is wrong with giving up
Oh yes，we all have been trained and conditioned to work hard to achieve our dreams，and that is a good thing.The problem arises when all these inspirational quotes start confusing us.These messages tell people not to give up，__2__．They tell one to “try and try again” until they succeed，but that amount of effort should only be put toward what you really want in life and one should never quit at what they think to be their life's purpose.__3__．If you do badly in playing the piano and you know it's because you don't even like the instrument，give it up.If no matter how hard you study you can hardly score an above average grade，don't worry，your talent lies somewhere else.Not everybody is an A?student.
__4__．Find out what you are good at，what makes you happy and then work on it.If you do，no one would have to tell you or inspire you not to give up because when you love something，you keep trying until you get it right and the enthusiasm flows from your heart.Don't worry about what people will say or think.After all，it's your life.__5__．
A．Let go of your life goal and live in the moment
B．You have to live it and you have to be your own boss
C．Try to recognize your talent，your ability and your skills
D．and it proves that only efforts can make a big difference
E．Make timely adjustment and run in other directions
F.The rest is all just there to confuse and depress you，so don't let it
G．but they don't tell you that it should only apply to your true dreams
第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2021·贵州普通高等学校招生适应性测试)
Back in 2016，a determined Irishman began collecting spare change to help sick children—and he is now on track for __1__ an MRI machine for a local hospital.
Liam Duggan first started pursuing his dream of __2__a children's hospital by standing outside of a local cafe with a cardboard __3__，so he could gather spare change from __4__ passers by.
Now Duggan has __5__ over $165，000—and while he is not necessarily raising money to build an entirely new children's hospital，he is __6__ to buy an MRI machine first.
Perhaps about Duggan's __7__，what people concern most is just how many small __8__ he has been willing to take to get there.Since he began the work all by himself，Duggan has __9__ and persistently stood in the rain and __10__．As a result of that，he could collect some __11__ including old coins and even foreign coins.__12__，he has set up counter collection boxes in supermarkets __13__ the city.
“We have spent the last several years __14__ in supermarkets，shopping centers and on the streets of South Dublin，”said Duggan.“We have approximately 200 collection boxes now.”
From rough and humble beginnings，Duggan's dream has grown and acquired the __15__ of other people who have helped make his dream possible.That's why he has raised some money for the __16__．
When asked if he had any advice to __17__ people about his work，Duggan spoke of finding a(n) __18__ to keep going on.
“I read a book about Chuck Feeney，the founder of the DFS Group，” __19__ Duggan.“He devoted himself to charity work all the time.He __20__ the youth to keep going on instead of giving up.And I have taken his advice.I do not intend to give up.”
1．A.selling B．operating
C．buying D．designing
2．A.changing B．building
C．decorating D．enlarging
3．A.sign B．symbol
C．mark D．signal
4．A.ambitious B．wealthy
C．curious D．generous
5．A.donated B．saved
C．spent D．raised
6．A.determined B．tired
C．satisfied D．opposed
7．A.interest B．goal
C．life D．belief
8．A.courses B．risks
C．steps D．notes
9．A.excitedly B．nervously
C．cautiously D．patiently
10．A.storm B．snow
C．sun D．flood
11．A.food B．change
C．hugs D．greetings
12．A.Accidentally B．Additionally
C．Obviously D．Suddenly
13．A.beside B．out of
C．across D．far from
14．A.collecting B．shopping
C．volunteering D．performing
15．A.admiration B．sympathy
C．understanding D．support
16．A.machine B．cafe
C．hospital D．supermarket
17．A.share with B．learn from
C．exchange with D．benefit from
18．A.preparation B．condition
C．inspiration D．expectation
19．A.cried B．said
C．asked D．wrote
20．A.commanded B．allowed
C．forced D．advised
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2021·云南省七校高考适应性考试三)
Duilian is traditional Chinese couplets(对联)，also known as yinglian or duizi.According to the usage，it can be 1.________(general) classified into Spring Festival couplets，wedding couplets，trade couplets，social couplets and entertaining or 2.________(humor)couplets.The traditional couplets vary greatly in 3.________(long).The shortest one contains one or two characters，and the longest one contains several hundred characters，usually 4.________(find)on ancient Chinese buildings.A couplet must have the following features：5.________ number of characters of one line is equal to that of the other line and both lines have the same sense groups.
A couplet writer may show his feelings 6.________ means of describing the scenery or express his wishes in his works.7.________ he wants to convey，the writer is expected to be good at summarization and Chinese 8.________(produce)a couplet with a few characters that is excellent in both content and language.
With the cultural exchanges among different countries all over the world，Chinese couplets 9.________(begin)to spread to Vietnam，Japan，and Singapore in the 20th century.As a result，the custom of putting up Spring Festival couplets 10.________(observe)in these countries at present as well.
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(2021·长春市普通高中高三统一测试)
My twelve birthday was the most unforgettable and special one.On that day，I received a life changing gift from my grandmother.It was the pair of roller skates.I couldn't believe my eye when I opened the box.The shoes were so beautiful.
The shoes total changed my life.Because in the past I was scared to talk with others，so I used to have no friends.The moment I learn how to skate，I became confidence and outgoing.I made plenty friends by doing this.
I'm grateful to my grandmother.Now I'm a happy girl and believe in me.I smile when met new people.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
(2021·广州高三调研)
你校的体育节刚刚结束。请给学校英语报写一篇报道，报道体育节的主要活动、精彩瞬间及意义。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．报道的开头已为你写好，但不计入总词数。
参考词汇：开幕式opening ceremony
The school sports carnival，which took place last Friday and Saturday，was a great success.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
PAGE
17Unit 10 Money
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
(2021·山东部分重点中学高三第一次综合考试)
Being stuck at home doesn't mean that learning stops.In fact，it's just the opposite.Here are some activities and resources to foster kids' imagination and build their curiosity at home.
Let's Get down to Science
The science lab at school may be closed，but kids can still put on goggles and a white lab coat and learn at home.This Test Tube Experiment Kit will make them feel like a genius in no time.Kids will get the chance to learn about basic chemistry，physics，and more by creating pop resistant bubbles，bouncy balls，and other objects.
To Infinity(无穷)and Beyond
Earth is a part of the Milky Way，but do kids know how many galaxies there are in the universe？There are so many fun and fascinating things to learn about space that the possibilities truly go to infinity and beyond.A great way to start your child's educational space adventure is with this Discovery Real Life Sticker and Activity Book：Space.
Take a Walk on the Wild Side
Biology class is in session！Here's kids' chance to get up close and personal with a great white shark without putting on a wetsuit.This 4D Great White Shark Anatomy Kit allows them to get an inside look at what makes these predators of the deep so powerful.And then take an even deeper dive into a shark's world with I'm a Shark.
Let your kid take advantage of this time at home and find new ways to keep exploring the world around him.
语篇解读： 本文是一篇应用文。困在家里并不意味着停止学习，本文详细介绍了培养困在家里的孩子的想象力和好奇心的活动及学习资源。
1．What is common among these activities above
A．They are all performed outdoors.
B．They are all associated with physics.
C.They all recommend some resources for kids to study.
D．They are all carried out by the way of experimenting.
C [考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Test Tube Experiment Kit”、第三段中的“Discovery Real Life Sticker and Activity Book：Space”及第四段中的“4D Great White Shark Anatomy Kit”和“I'm a Shark”可知，活动的共同点是都推荐了可供孩子们学习的资源，故C项正确。]
2．Which resource favors children interested in stars
A．The Test Tube Experiment Kit.
B．Discovery Real Life Sticker and Activity Book：Space.
C．The 4D Great White Shark Anatomy Kit.
D．I'm a Shark.
B [考查细节理解。根据题干关键词“stars”定位至第三段，根据该段最后一句可知，Discovery Real Life Sticker and Activity Book：Space这本书会有助于对星星感兴趣的孩子。]
3．What's the shared goal of the activities
A．To gain financial benefits.
B．To save kids from boredom.
C．To explore new technologies.
D．To inspire kids to study at home.
D [考查细节理解。通读全文可知，这些活动都有助于培养孩子的想象力和好奇心。再结合本文首段及尾段内容可知，这些活动的共同目的是鼓励孩子们在家学习，故D项正确。]
B
(2021·合肥市高三调研)
Noelle Stevenson has always been a fan of science fiction and fantasies.As a kid，she loved the space battles，the magic，the quests that seemed larger than life.But there was a problem with her favorite childhood stories，like Star Wars and The Lord of the Rings series.“I never quite saw myself reflected in them，” Stevenson says，“certainly not at the heart of the story.”She wanted a female version of Luke Skywalker and Lord Sauron.
Stevenson began her career as a comic(连环漫画) writer.In 2015，her graphic novel Nimona was a National Book Awards finalist and her series Lumberjanes won two Eisner Awards.When Netflix and DreamWorks wanted to reboot(重新启动) She Ra：Princess of Power—an epic showdown between magical princesses and an evil alien invader—Stevenson was all in.
She kept much of the original show's action and adventure—the reboot takes place on the planet Etheria, and one of the princesses who are trying to stop the evil Horde army from taking over is named Adora.She grew up behind enemy lines，taken from her home by the Horde and raised as a soldier.But eventually，Adora realizes the atrocities the Horde has committed against the Etherians and leaves to join the rebellion(叛乱)，and she quickly finds a magical sword that transforms her into a giant warrior princess named She Ra.
Stevenson did make one small but important change to the show：Its name.The Netflix and DreamWorks version is She Ra and the PRINCESSES of Power.All the princesses are important.
语篇解读： 本文是一篇记叙文。Noelle Stevenson是科幻小说和幻想故事的粉丝，但她发现自己最喜欢的童年故事里没有女性主人翁。她以漫画作家的身份开始了她的职业生涯，她的漫画小说Nimona入围了美国国家图书奖，系列小说Lumberjanes两次获得艾斯纳奖(Eisner Awards)。她还与Netflix和DreamWorks合作重新启动She Ra：Princess of Power。
4．What was the problem with Stevenson's favorite childhood stories
A．They were not appealing.
B．They were full of violence.
C．They lacked women characters.
D．They had quite confusing plots.
C [考查细节理解。根据第一段倒数第二句Noelle Stevenson说的话和该段最后一句“She wanted a female version of Luke Skywalker and Lord Sauron”可知，Noelle Stevenson童年喜爱的故事中存在的问题是缺少女性角色，故C项正确。]
5．What do we know about the rebooted She Ra：Princess of Power
A．It was adapted considerably.
B．It was awarded two Eisner Awards.
C．It was finally filmed in 2015.
D．It was produced by two companies.
D [考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Netflix and DreamWorks wanted to reboot(重新启动)She Ra：Princess of Power”和尾段第二句“The Netflix and DreamWorks version is She Ra and the PRINCESSES of Power”可知，Netflix和DreamWorks两家公司制作了这部影片，故D项正确。]
6．What does the underlined word “atrocities” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．Violent actions. B．Cruel instructions.
C．Sorrowful suicides. D．Valuable resources.
A [考查词义猜测。根据画线词后的“the Horde has committed against the Etherians and leaves to join the rebellion(叛乱)”可以推断，最终Adora意识到Horde对Etheria星球上的人犯下的暴行，离开Horde加入了叛乱。故画线词意为“暴行”，故A项正确。]
7．What can we infer about Noelle Stevenson from the text
A．She loves comedy. B．She's a talented writer.
C．She's a princess. D．She works for Netflix.
B [考查推理判断。根据第二段第二句可知，2015年，她的漫画小说Nimona入围美国国家图书奖，她的系列小说Lumberjanes两次获得艾斯纳奖。结合下文中的“Netflix and DreamWorks wanted to reboot(重新启动)She Ra：Princess of Power”可以判断，Noelle Stevenson是一位才华横溢的作家，故B项正确。]
C
(2021·6月潍坊市模拟)
Teenagers may not know the name Kevin Mayer，but he's about to play an outsize role in their lives.
The longtime leader of The Walt Disney Company just became CEO of TikTok(抖音).In doing so，Mayer will take charge of an app whose influence over a lot of people has made it one of the most influential，although controversial(有争议的)，platforms of the era.
Mayer has been with Disney since the early 1990s—minus a period as CEO of Playboy.com—and he's helped to acquire some important brands in the film industry.More recently he's become known for his key role in the launch of the all important Disney Plus streaming service.Mayer was thought to be among the most obvious potential successors to outgoing CEO Bob Iger，but he was passed over for Bob Chapek，who ran Disney's theme park unit.
Mayer's departure from Disney may not be a surprise，but his move to TikTok is unexpected.The app，owned by China based ByteDance，is at a crucial moment in its short history—seeing enormous growth but facing increasing criticism over its data collection practices.As it rises in influence，the company will surely face a growing drumbeat of intense media and strict monitoring.
In contrast，Disney has never been more delicate，with the COVID 19 pandemic having broken nearly all of its core business units，from the closedown of theme parks and movie theaters to ongoing interruptions to its production schedules.Mayer，whatever else is motivating the move，is hopping(跳) to another position at a proper time.
语篇解读： 本文是一篇新闻报道。Kevin Mayer辞去迪士尼高管的职务，出任抖音的首席执行官。
8．What's the text mainly about
A．The job hopping of a CEO.
B．The rising influence of TikTok.
C．The decline of The Walt Disney Company.
D．The intense competition between companies.
A [考查主旨大意。结合全文内容，尤其是第二段的“The longtime leader of The Walt Disney Company just became CEO of TikTok(抖音)”和全文最后一句可知，文章主要介绍了Kevin Mayer辞去迪士尼公司的高管职务，跳槽到中国抖音，故选A。]
9．What's the likely reason for Mayer's departure from Disney
A．He has been offered a higher salary.
B．He wasn't qualified for his previous job.
C．He preferred a new career concerning teenagers.
D．He failed to succeed Bob Iger as CEO of Disney.
D [考查推理判断。根据第三段内容可知，Mayer曾被认为是最有可能接替即将离任的首席执行官Bob Iger的人之一，但因为负责迪士尼主题公园的Bob Chapek，Mayer失去了晋升的机会，故选D项“Mayer没能接替Bob Iger成为迪士尼公司的首席执行官”。]
10．What do we know about TikTok according to the text
A．Potential but delicate.
B．Profitable but immoral.
C．Popular but controversial.
D．Professional but addictive.
C [考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The app，owned by China based ByteDance，is at a crucial moment in its short history—seeing enormous growth but facing increasing criticism over its data collection practices”可知，抖音目前正处于一个关键时期——有极大的增长，但同时因为平台数据采集的做法也受到了越来越多的批评，故选C项，意思是“受欢迎但有争议的”。]
11．What is the purpose of the text
A．To advertise for Disney.
B．To report a piece of news.
C．To recommend a new app.
D．To compare two companies.
B [考查写作目的。本文是一则关于迪士尼高管跳槽中国抖音的新闻报道，并非是在为迪士尼公司打广告或推荐新的应用程序，也不是在对比两家公司，故选B。]
D
(2021·昆明市“三诊一模”高考模拟考试)
When our Scottish puppy(幼犬) reached doggie adolescence，she suddenly stopped obeying my commands.Our dog trainer advised us to stop worrying.“She's a teenager，” she said.“She'll grow out of it.” Now，a new study is backing that up：Dogs experience an extremely sensitive period at the beginning of adolescence that makes them act out，just like human teenagers.
To see exactly how adolescence changes dog behaviors，the researchers monitored 70 female German shepherds raised as potential guide dogs.They asked caregivers to score the puppies on their attachment and attention?seeking behaviors，such as sitting very close to their owner or displaying a particularly strong bond for one person.
Dogs with high scores on either scale entered adolescence earlier—at about 5 months，compared with 8 months for those with lower scores.Various reasons cause human teenage girls with poor parental relationships to also enter adolescence at a younger age.Thus，similar to humans，dogs that have tense relationships with their caregivers see changes in their reproductive development.
To test obedience(顺从)，the scientists assessed a separate group of 69 guide dogs，first at 5 months and later at 8 months.They asked the dog's caregiver and a stranger to give the command to “sit”．All of the preadolescent puppies quickly sat for both people，but when the same puppies reached adolescence，many “repeatedly” refused to follow the order from their caregiver.However，they readily and annoyingly obeyed the stranger.Dogs that weren't securely attached to their caregivers were even more willing to follow the stranger's commands—again，much like human teenagers.
Because of the similarities between adolescent puppies and humans，dogs could serve as a model species for studying adolescence in humans，the scientists say.And on a more practical note，the temporary nature of dog disobedience might make us worry less when our puppies suddenly get minds of their own.
语篇解读： 本文是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，狗在青春期初期经历了一个极其敏感的时期，这使它们像人类青少年一样表现出来。因而，科学家们认为由于幼犬和人类的相似性，狗可以作为研究人类青春期的模型物种。
12．What makes the Scottish puppy disobey its owner
A．Its being treated badly.
B．Its naughty nature.
C．Its relation with the owner.
D．Its being adolescent.
D [考查细节理解。根据第一段内容，尤其是最后一句可知，狗在青春期初期经历了一个极其敏感的时期，在这个时期，它们像人类青少年一样表现出来叛逆性。故选D。]
13．What do the scores in the study suggest
A．Higher scores probably mean earlier adolescence.
B．The lower the score，the tenser the relationship.
C．A puppy with a lower score could be a guide dog.
D．A girl scoring higher gets on well with her parents.
A [考查细节理解。根据第三段第一句可知，在这两个量表上得分高的狗进入青春期的时间较早。故选A。]
14．What is the result of the obedience test
A．Human teens have a strong bond with puppies.
B.Puppies enter adolescence at the age of 5 months old.
C．The 69 guide dogs can understand caregivers well.
D．Adolescent dogs without enough care prefer to follow the stranger.
D [考查推理判断。根据第四段最后两句可推断出没有得到主人很好照顾的青春期的狗更愿意听从陌生人的指令。故选D。]
15．What's the potential significance of the study
A．To understand your dog's behavior.
B．To better study human adolescence.
C．To show the process of research.
D．To help pet owners solve a puzzle.
B [考查写作意图。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了研究人员的一项新发现，即狗在青春期初期经历了一个极其敏感的时期，这使它们像人类青少年一样表现出来。因而，科学家们认为由于幼犬和人类的相似性，狗可以作为研究人类青春期的模型物种。因此，这项研究的潜在意义是为了更好地研究人类的青春期。故选B。]
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2021·沈阳市教学质量监测三)
When you try too hard but you don't succeed；when despite all your efforts you don't get the results you need，give up and move on.__1__．Confused？What is wrong with giving up
Oh yes，we all have been trained and conditioned to work hard to achieve our dreams，and that is a good thing.The problem arises when all these inspirational quotes start confusing us.These messages tell people not to give up，__2__．They tell one to “try and try again” until they succeed，but that amount of effort should only be put toward what you really want in life and one should never quit at what they think to be their life's purpose.__3__．If you do badly in playing the piano and you know it's because you don't even like the instrument，give it up.If no matter how hard you study you can hardly score an above average grade，don't worry，your talent lies somewhere else.Not everybody is an A?student.
__4__．Find out what you are good at，what makes you happy and then work on it.If you do，no one would have to tell you or inspire you not to give up because when you love something，you keep trying until you get it right and the enthusiasm flows from your heart.Don't worry about what people will say or think.After all，it's your life.__5__．
A．Let go of your life goal and live in the moment
B．You have to live it and you have to be your own boss
C．Try to recognize your talent，your ability and your skills
D．and it proves that only efforts can make a big difference
E．Make timely adjustment and run in other directions
F.The rest is all just there to confuse and depress you，so don't let it
G．but they don't tell you that it should only apply to your true dreams
语篇解读： 本文是一篇说明文。一些观点告诉我们不要轻言放弃，但是果断地放弃我们不擅长、不喜欢的事情，把精力投入到我们真正热爱、真正想做的事情上不失为一种明智的选择，毕竟生活是自己的。
1．E [根据空前的“give up and move on”和空后的“Confused？What is wrong with giving up？”可知，空处承接上文讲到的“放弃，开始做别的事”，故E项符合语境。]
2．G [根据空前的逗号可知，空处定位在D项或G项，根据空后一句中表述的这种努力只应该被用于自己生活中真正想要的东西上可知，G项符合语境。]
3．F [根据空后所举的两个例子(因为不喜欢所以弹不好钢琴就放弃吧；如果无论怎样努力学习也难取得平均以上的分数，不要担心，你的才能在其他方面)可知，F项符合语境。且F项中的The rest和上文中的“what you really want in life”形成对比。]
4．C [本空是一个中心句。根据本段中的“Find out what you are good at，what makes you happy and then work on it”可知，本段主要讲的是弄清楚自己擅长、喜欢做的事情，故C项适合作本段的中心句。]
5．B [本空是一个段尾句。根据空前的“Don't worry about what people will say or think.After all，it's your life”可知，你不要为别人的看法而担心，毕竟这是你自己的生活，所以B项承接上文，符合语境。]
第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2021·贵州普通高等学校招生适应性测试)
Back in 2016，a determined Irishman began collecting spare change to help sick children—and he is now on track for __1__ an MRI machine for a local hospital.
Liam Duggan first started pursuing his dream of __2__a children's hospital by standing outside of a local cafe with a cardboard __3__，so he could gather spare change from __4__ passers by.
Now Duggan has __5__ over $165，000—and while he is not necessarily raising money to build an entirely new children's hospital，he is __6__ to buy an MRI machine first.
Perhaps about Duggan's __7__，what people concern most is just how many small __8__ he has been willing to take to get there.Since he began the work all by himself，Duggan has __9__ and persistently stood in the rain and __10__．As a result of that，he could collect some __11__ including old coins and even foreign coins.__12__，he has set up counter collection boxes in supermarkets __13__ the city.
“We have spent the last several years __14__ in supermarkets，shopping centers and on the streets of South Dublin，”said Duggan.“We have approximately 200 collection boxes now.”
From rough and humble beginnings，Duggan's dream has grown and acquired the __15__ of other people who have helped make his dream possible.That's why he has raised some money for the __16__．
When asked if he had any advice to __17__ people about his work，Duggan spoke of finding a(n) __18__ to keep going on.
“I read a book about Chuck Feeney，the founder of the DFS Group，” __19__ Duggan.“He devoted himself to charity work all the time.He __20__ the youth to keep going on instead of giving up.And I have taken his advice.I do not intend to give up.”
语篇解读： 本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了爱尔兰人Liam Duggan为了给一家当地医院购买核磁共振成像仪而不停奔波筹款的故事。
1．A.selling B．operating
C．buying D．designing
C [根据上文中的“collecting spare change”和下文中的“to buy an MRI machine first”可知，这个意志坚定的爱尔兰人正在为一家当地医院筹备购买一台核磁共振成像仪。]
2．A.changing B．building
C．decorating D．enlarging
B [根据下文中的“raising money to build an entirely new children's hospital”可知，Liam Duggan最初的梦想是筹款来建一所儿童医院，故选B项。D项意为“扩大，扩充”。]
3．A.sign B．symbol
C．mark D．signal
A [根据空前的“with a cardboard”可知，Liam Duggan手里拿着一个硬纸板牌子，这样他就能从路人那里收集零钱。]
4．A.ambitious B．wealthy
C．curious D．generous
D [根据语境和常识可知，愿意捐款的人一般都是慷慨的。]
5．A.donated B．saved
C．spent D．raised
D [根据上文中的“collecting spare change to help sick children”可知，现在，Liam Duggan筹集到了165 000多美元。]
6．A.determined B．tired
C．satisfied D．opposed
A [根据语境可知，此处表示Liam Duggan决定先买一台核磁共振成像仪。]
7．A.interest B．goal
C．life D．belief
B [根据语境可知，对于Duggan的目标，人们最担心的可能是为了实现他的目标，Liam Duggan愿意走多少小步。]
8．A.courses B．risks
C．steps D．notes
C [参见上题解析。]
9．A.excitedly B．nervously
C．cautiously D．patiently
D [根据语境和常识可知，为了实现自己的最终目标，Liam Duggan得耐心地、坚持不懈地站在雨中和太阳下筹款。]
10．A.storm B．snow
C．sun D．flood
C [参见上题解析。]
11．A.food B．change
C．hugs D．greetings
B [根据空后的“including old coins and even foreign coins”可知，此处指的是零钱。]
12．A.Accidentally B．Additionally
C．Obviously D．Suddenly
B [结合语境可知，Liam Duggan除了在街头筹款以外，他还在全市的各个超市里放置了柜台捐款箱。]
13．A.beside B．out of
C．across D．far from
C [参见上题解析。across意为“在……各处，遍及”，符合语境。]
14．A.collecting B．shopping
C．volunteering D．performing
A [结合语境可知，在过去的几年里，他们一直在南都柏林的超市、购物中心和街头筹款。]
15．A.admiration B．sympathy
C．understanding D．support
D [根据下文中的“helped make his dream possible”可知，Liam Duggan的梦想得到了其他人的支持。]
16．A.machine B．cafe
C．hospital D．supermarket
A [根据上文中的“to buy an MRI machine”可知，在其他人的支持下，Liam Duggan为购买一台核磁共振成像仪筹到了一些钱。]
17．A.share with B．learn from
C．exchange with D．benefit from
A [根据语境可知，Liam Duggan被问到关于他做的事，他是否有建议分享给人们。]
18．A.preparation B．condition
C．inspiration D．expectation
C [根据下文Liam Duggan说自己从Chuck Feeney身上得到了激励可知，此处Duggan建议人们去寻找一个能激励自己的人。C项意为“鼓舞人心的人(或事物)”，故选C项。]
19．A.cried B．said
C．asked D．wrote
B [根据空前和空后的引号和内容可知，这些都是Liam Duggan所说的话，故选B项。]
20．A.commanded B．allowed
C．forced D．advised
D [根据下文中的“I have taken his advice”可知，此处表示Chuck Feeney建议年轻人不要放弃，坚持做下去。]
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2021·云南省七校高考适应性考试三)
Duilian is traditional Chinese couplets(对联)，also known as yinglian or duizi.According to the usage，it can be 1.________(general) classified into Spring Festival couplets，wedding couplets，trade couplets，social couplets and entertaining or 2.________(humor)couplets.The traditional couplets vary greatly in 3.________(long).The shortest one contains one or two characters，and the longest one contains several hundred characters，usually 4.________(find)on ancient Chinese buildings.A couplet must have the following features：5.________ number of characters of one line is equal to that of the other line and both lines have the same sense groups.
A couplet writer may show his feelings 6.________ means of describing the scenery or express his wishes in his works.7.________ he wants to convey，the writer is expected to be good at summarization and Chinese 8.________(produce)a couplet with a few characters that is excellent in both content and language.
With the cultural exchanges among different countries all over the world，Chinese couplets 9.________(begin)to spread to Vietnam，Japan，and Singapore in the 20th century.As a result，the custom of putting up Spring Festival couplets 10.________(observe)in these countries at present as well.
语篇解读： 本文是一篇说明文。以中国的对联为话题，介绍了对联的种类、特征及表达的含义，且对联现在在其他一些国家也可看到。
1．解析： 考查副词。空处修饰动词，应用副词形式，故填generally。
答案： generally
2．解析： 考查形容词。根据空前的entertaining和空后的couplets可知，此处应用形容词作定语。
答案： humorous
3．解析： 考查名词。根据语境可知，此处表示对联在长度上差别很大。vary in sth.“在某方面有差异/不同”，空处应填名词形式length。
答案： length
4．解析： 考查非谓语动词。空处所在部分作后置定语修饰前面提到的“the longest one”，主语与find之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词found。
答案： found
5．解析： 考查冠词。此处表达“……的数量”，表示特指，故用定冠词the。
答案： the
6．解析： 考查介词。此处表示“借助于”，故用介词by构成by means of “借助……手段”短语。
答案： by
7．解析： 考查让步状语从句。无论作者想传达什么，他都得有好的概括力和驾驭汉语的本领。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处所在的句子为让步状语从句，从句中的convey是及物动词，故引导词作convey的宾语，此处表示“无论什么”，故只能填Whatever。
答案： Whatever
8．解析： 考查非谓语动词。分析句意可知，此处作目的状语，故填不定式。
答案： to produce
9．解析： 考查动词的时态。根据语境以及后面的时间状语“in the 20th century”可知，谓语动词应用一般过去时。
答案： began
10．解析： 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。结合语境以及时间状语“at present”可知，此处描述现在存在的情况，应用一般现在时。主语为custom，且与谓语动词之间是被动关系，故用is observed。observe在此处表示“遵守，奉行”。
答案： is observed
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(2021·长春市普通高中高三统一测试)
My twelve birthday was the most unforgettable and special one.On that day，I received a life changing gift from my grandmother.It was the pair of roller skates.I couldn't believe my eye when I opened the box.The shoes were so beautiful.
The shoes total changed my life.Because in the past I was scared to talk with others，so I used to have no friends.The moment I learn how to skate，I became confidence and outgoing.I made plenty friends by doing this.
I'm grateful to my grandmother.Now I'm a happy girl and believe in me.I smile when met new people.
答案：
My birthday was the most unforgettable and special one.On that day，I received a life changing gift from my grandmother.It was pair of roller skates.I couldn't believe my when I opened the box.The shoes were so beautiful.
The shoes changed my life.Because in the past I was scared to talk with others， I used to have no friends.The moment I how to skate，I became and outgoing.I made plenty by doing this.
I'm grateful to my grandmother.Now I'm a happy girl and believe in ．I smile when new people.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
(2021·广州高三调研)
你校的体育节刚刚结束。请给学校英语报写一篇报道，报道体育节的主要活动、精彩瞬间及意义。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．报道的开头已为你写好，但不计入总词数。
参考词汇：开幕式opening ceremony
The school sports carnival，which took place last Friday and Saturday，was a great success.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：
The school sports carnival，which took place last Friday and Saturday，was a great success.The crowds cheered on their classmates who took part in more than 10 exciting events.
The carnival started with an opening ceremony which included a dance performance by our school's dance club.This was followed by the events.Among the many great performances were Li Hua's win in the 1500 metre race and Wang Li's victory in the 100 metre race.Perhaps the biggest cheer of the meet was for the students when they defeated the teachers in the tug of war competition.
After its conclusion，many students said they loved the sports carnival as it provided them with an opportunity to relax，demonstrate their abilities and build up friendship and team spirit among them.
PAGE
17
