Unit 16 Stories
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
(2021·山西省重点中学高三联考)
Singapore is a very modern country in Southeast Asia.If you've been traveling in its capital city，Singapore，it can be a shock to the system when it comes to accommodation prices.For backpackers they have no choice but to stay outside of the central area.If you are a visitor，I think it's best to stay in the historic central area to make the most of your time.For first timers I have put together this list of the best areas to stay in Singapore.
Chinatown
Chinatown is where the original community of Chinese immigrants settled in Singapore.The area is lined with Chinese stores，markets，and great places to eat for all budgets.It lies next to the downtown area and there is a variety of accommodation choices，from hostels(招待所) to 5 star hotels.
Little India
Little India is where most of the original Indian migrants made their home.Today it is still famous for temples，markets，and lots of places to eat delicious Indian foods.It's the most popular spot for backpackers and there are some good mid range choices here.
Kampong Glam
A short walk from Little India is the Kampong Glam area.This is where Arab traders set up shop，with street names such as Haji Lane，Baghdad St.and Arab St.The neighborhood is now one of the trendiest in Singapore.
Changi Airport
With one of the biggest airports in the region the chances are you might just be passing without time to stay.Changi Airport is awarded as one of the best in the world，so if you have to do an overnighter at an airport then you could do worse than do at Changi.I didn't get any sleep but it was an enjoyable stay for an airport.
1．What will make backpackers disappointed in Singapore
A．The system of accommodation.
B．The high charges of the hotels.
C．The remote location of the hotels.
D．The accommodation with poor facilities.
2．Which area is close to the center of Singapore
A．Chinatown. B．Little India.
C．Changi Airport. D．Kampong Glam.
3．What do we know about Changi Airport
A．It witnesses a noisy environment.
B．It offers passengers worse service.
C．It is the biggest airport in Singapore.
D．It has gained a fairly good reputation.
B
(2021·湖北八校第一次联考)
I always wanted to be extraordinarily good at something.I wanted to be the best in the class—awe inspiring and tip top；a world famous genius，like Michael Phelps.
Unfortunately，my version of reality did not quite line up with this delusional vision.I was a good swimmer，but I peaked at the collegiate State Championships level.My academic record was pretty solid，but I never would have made it into one of those Ivy League schools.
Though I rose to above average status in a couple of areas，the disappointing truth was that I would never amount to anything better than a mid sized fish in a small pond.The destiny apparently had other plans.
What drove me crazy，though，was the superstar talent thrown in my face at every turn.Some folks just seemed to get an unfair dose(一剂) of the talent.Why couldn't I be like Bernie Williams，the famed New York Yankees player who also happened to be a world class guitar virtuoso(艺术大师)
Some say greatness is simply a function of putting in the practice time.It is around ten thousand hours，to be precise，according to author Malcolm Gladwell.I don't question the theory of devoting extraordinary efforts to developing one's expertise，but it seems that the talent is equally important.
I've heard that as people approach middle age，their life satisfaction increases because they begin to accept the gap between the expectations of themselves and the reality.After a few decades of frustration without the desired results，we eventually come to terms with our life as it comes out，even if it falls far short of our idealized youthful expectations.
Hope bends，it seems.
4．What does the underlined word “delusional” in Para.2 most probably mean
A．Imaginary. B．Realistic.
C．Disappointing. D．Material.
5．In the passage，the writer thinks of himself as________．
A．a world famous genius
B．a mid sized fish in a small pond
C．a world class virtuoso
D．a student in an Ivy League school
6．According to the writer，what makes “greatness”？
A．Extraordinary efforts.
B．Ten thousand hours of practice.
C．Talent and expertise.
D．Talent and practice.
7．Which of the following might be the best title
A．Hope Bends B．Frustrating Decades
C．Practice Works D．Youthful Expectations
C
(2021·山东省临沂市一模)
We spend a third of our adult life working and another big part preparing for our careers.Historically，work was rarely seen as a source of meaning and purpose.During the vast majority of our 300，000 year human evolution(进化)，work was in fact pretty simple.We worked to eat and avoid being eaten.Meaning and purpose came from somewhere else，like culture，art，or science.
The idea that we are meant to find meaning at work or to find work meaningful—is a rather modern，or rather postmodern，invention.Only one hundred years ago it would have been frequent to see workers who returned from a typical workday at factories complain to their folks that they didn't earn much or they were worn out but rare to see they complain they didn't experience a sense of purpose.
Similarly，the idea that we ought to bring our “whole self” to work is a pretty novel and recent form of career advice.Its origins can be traced to William Kahn who invented the concept of employee engagement 30 years ago.His point was that employees differ in the degree to which they identify with their work roles.Some see work as merely a job and clock in and out every day，without bringing their whole self to work.Work is just not a core aspect of their identities，and their concept of themselves is built on other social categories like mother，husband，American，captain of the local soccer team，etc.
Others，however，have a very close psychological connection with their work roles，seeing them as an essential thing intertwined(紧密相连的)with who they are.They don't just come to work.They are fully devoted to their careers and have a spiritual type of connection with their jobs.They are，it seems，almost possessed by work and are the type of workaholics(工作狂) most companies long for.
8．Why did we spend much of our adult life working during the process of evolution
A．To prepare for future careers.
B．To find the water sources.
C．To help us evolve.
D．To make us survive.
9．Why did the writer mention the workers a century ago
A．To help us find meaning at work.
B．To prove that the idea was modern.
C．To show us the bad old days.
D．To complain about the experiences.
10．Which of the following might William Kahn agree with
A．Employees have different understanding of their work roles.
B．Every employee must bring their whole self to work.
C．To be devoted to work is a pretty novel idea.
D．Workers' core identity is built on art categories.
11．What kind of employees do most companies favor
A．Those who see work as a job.
B．Those who identify with their work roles.
C．Those who are fully devoted to their work.
D．Those who possess experience.
D
(2021·威海市高考模拟)
America's first transcontinental railroad，completed 150 years ago today at Promontory Summit in Utah，connected the vast United States and brought America into the modern age.Chinese immigrants contributed greatly to this notable achievement，but the historical accounts that followed often ignored their role.
Between 1863 and 1869，as many as 20，000 Chinese workers helped build the dangerous western part of the railroad，a winding ribbon of track known as the Central Pacific Railroad.At first，the Central Pacific Railroad's directors wanted a whites?only workforce.When not enough white men signed up，the railroad began hiring Chinese men for the backbreaking pany leaders were skeptical of the new recruits' ability to do the work，but they proved themselves not only capable but even superior to the other workers.
Chinese workers cut through dense forests，filled deep narrow steep?sided valleys，constructed long trestles(高架桥) and built enormous retaining walls(挡土墙)—some of which remain complete and undamaged today.All work was done by hand using carts，shovels and picks but no machinery.However，progress came at great cost：an estimated 1，200 Chinese laborers died along the Central Pacific Railroad.
Despite these facts，Chinese workers were often left out of the official story because of their identity of foreigners.On the transcontinental railroad's 100th birthday，the Chinese workers were still not honored.It was another fifty years later that their role was gradually highlighted.To celebrate the railroad's 150th anniversary in 2019，the California state assembly passed a resolution in 2017 to recognize and honor the Chinese railroad workers by designating May 10，2017，and every May 10 thereafter，as California Chinese Railroad Workers Memorial Day.
12．What might be the best title for the text
A.The Birth of the Central Pacific Railroad Cost Dearly
B．May 10—A Special Day for Chinese Immigrants
C．Chinese Workers' Contributions Gained Recognition
D.The 150th Anniversary of the Central Pacific Railroad
13．What does “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．Chinese laborers. B．White workers.
C．Company leaders. D．Railroad directors.
14．Why does the author make such detailed descriptions in Paragraph 3
A．To prove Chinese workers' superior skills.
B．To stress the danger and difficulty of the work.
C．To describe the grand scenery along the railroad.
D.To show notable achievements made by Chinese workers.
15．What does the text intend to tell us
A．None so blind as those who won't see.
B．No pains，no gains.
C．Truth will come to light sooner or later.
D．Doing is better than saying.
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2021·山东省临沂市高三一模)
Life in Death Valley
Death Valley is a huge place，extending more than 225 kilometers across the southern part of California into the neighboring state of Nevada.As beautiful as this place is，its name provides evidence of very real danger.
__1__ It has nearly 1.4 million hectares of desert and mountains that stand more than 3，000 meters high into the sky.Death Valley can be dangerously cold during the winter months.Storms in the mountains can cause sudden floods on the floor of the valley.But，during summer months，the air temperature has once been as high as 57 degrees Celsius.__2__ The extreme heat of Death Valley has once killed people.
In many areas of Death Valley，it is easy to see that the ground has been pushed up violently by movements deep in the earth.This has created unusual and beautiful rock formations，with colors of red，brown，gray，yellow and black.In other parts of Death Valley，there are lines in the rock.It is the evidence of the past presence of water.__3__
Much of Death Valley land is flat and extremely dry.In some areas the ground contains nothing but salts.However，it would be wrong to think that nothing lives in Death Valley.__4__ Wildflowers grow very quickly after even a small amount of rain.Several kinds of birds live in Death Valley.Visitors might see the dog like animal called coyote，or the wild bighorn sheep，or other animals like the desert tortoise.
Throughout history，Native Americans found ways to survive in Death Valley.Rock art and other remains show that humans lived in the valley as far back as 9，000 years ago.Nowadays，more than one million people visit it each year.__5__ The sun slowly turns the valley gold and the color deepens to soft brown，then changes to dark red.As night comes，the mountains turn dark purple，then black.
A．The valley is full of life.
B．The setting sun is visitors' favorite.
C．Scenes here seem to change each minute.
D．Death Valley is a place of strange and silent beauty.
E．Death Valley doesn't forgive those who are not careful.
F.Death Valley is a land of beautiful yet dangerous extremes.
G．The area was deep under an ocean for many thousands of years.
第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2021·合肥市高三第三次教学质量检测)
Music is something I could never live without.As a little kid，singing and trying out for the school play really made me __1__．There was nothing that could keep me away from my __2__ until middle school.
Every eighth grader who wanted to be in the middle school show choir __3__ the audition(试唱) for a program.When it was my __4__ to enter the room，I got very __5__—my throat was dry and my heart raced.The audition __6__ like this：the introduction，the song of choice and the range check—the choir director played a note on the piano which I had to __7__．Before I knew it，the audition was over.I felt nothing but __8__，for the vibrato(颤音) was amazing and I also hit every __9__．
Weeks passed and the list of who had made it into the show choir was posted.When I was __10__ the show choir list，I found my name.__11__，this wasn't what I had expected.
“Angelica—alternate(候补者).”
An alternate？Was my audition that __12__？I thought to myself.After I saw this，my __13__ disappeared.My outside showed I wasn't __14__ but on the inside my whole world had broken up.I had no __15__ of taking the show choir at all.
A year later，one day I was at a restaurant that held karaoke to the customers.My parents begged me to go up and sing.I said no at first but finally I got enough __16__ to go up.It made me __17__ at the beginning，but I started off my song and gained more confidence as I continued.When I hit the high notes in “I know I'm not the only one”，the people eating cheered for me.I __18__I hadn't got into one program but that did not mean I had to give up all hope，and that I __19__ had that passion.The lesson I learned was if you are __20__ or do not get the outcome you want，and it is something you're in love with，don't give up.
1．A.stressed B．quiet
C．confused D．happy
2．A.adventure B．curiosity
C．passion D．sympathy
3．A.attended B．held
C．passed D．abandoned
4．A.duty B．privilege
C．habit D．turn
5．A.calm B．touched
C．nervous D．angry
6．A.ended B．went
C．occurred D．changed
7．A.match B．take
C．learn D．review
8．A.guilt B．relief
C．regret D．pain
9．A.note B．target
C．post D．wall
10．A.drawing up B．handing in
C．taking down D．looking through
11．A.Otherwise B．Therefore
C．However D．Instead
12．A.familiar B．terrible
C．impressive D．natural
13．A.patience B．imagination
C．independence D．confidence
14．A.sad B．cool
C．serious D．grateful
15．A.wisdom B．chance
C．intention D．impression
16．A.courage B．knowledge
C．luck D．permission
17．A.march B．relax
C．sweat D．complain
18．A.doubted B．realized
C．promised D．advocated
19．A.just B．yet
C．even D．still
20．A.laid off B．turned down
C．looked down on D．made fun of
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2021·郑州市高中毕业年级第二次质量预测)
At a very young age，Oindrila Basu had no idea of 1.________ to live with nature.She would climb trees or destroy the nests of birds just for fun，like other kids.Once her mother caught her and got angry，and then the girl realized she 2.________(do)something terribly wrong.
This is just a way that Basu's parents shaped her understanding and appreciation of nature.3.________(live)in the countryside，she spent her youth studying ants before the rain，watching sunbirds drink honey，counting fireflies and watching young plants grow.Then her parents decided to move to a nearby city 4.________ better educational chances，and then she stopped having first?hand experiences with nature.
Later，as she struggled 5.________(choose)a college major，her mother suggested a career in forestry(林业).That's when her journey began，and she fell in love with forestry.Away from the crowded cities，in the lap of the Himalayas，she graduated in forestry from Kumaun University，India.When she went on to study a 6.________(master)degree in forestry from the Forest Research Institute，India，she finally got introduced to a group of like?minded people，devoted to the International Forestry Students' Association(IFSA).
IFSA is a 7.________(globe)organization connecting students to exchange knowledge and participate in forestry activities.The youth joining IFSA are 8.________(encourage)to undertake its task—to enrich forest education and spread a love of nature through events and exchanges.
After six months of exciting international conferences and workshops，Basu，then 25，found her home—a family that loved forests as much 9.________she did.she felt more active，so her passion had a direction.Now she wants to do more.
As a key member of IFSA，Basu recalled the experience of joining it，“10.________(deliberate)or by accident，we chose forestry，or rather，forestry chose us.”
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Last summer vacation I travelled to America and I met a lot of foreigner.I found a tour guide which spoke both English and Chinese because of I was not confident about my English.Interesting，some native English speakers joined me in the trip.When we are in the Grand Canyon，we lost contact with our guide but everyone was worried.All of sudden，my phone rang and it was from the guide，said that he would wait for us at the gate of the canyon.He asked I to inform the other members.I summoned my courage to tell them in English，and then I was praising by them.I felt more confident afterwards.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
(2021·成都市高中毕业班第三次诊断)
假定你是李华。你之前在网上为你校交换生Jack预订了下周六晚上7：30的川剧演出，现该演出被宣布取消，请给他写一封邮件，内容要点如下：
1．告知演出取消；
2．后续事项处理；
3．其他活动建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jack，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
PAGE
18Unit 16 Stories
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
(2021·山西省重点中学高三联考)
Singapore is a very modern country in Southeast Asia.If you've been traveling in its capital city，Singapore，it can be a shock to the system when it comes to accommodation prices.For backpackers they have no choice but to stay outside of the central area.If you are a visitor，I think it's best to stay in the historic central area to make the most of your time.For first timers I have put together this list of the best areas to stay in Singapore.
Chinatown
Chinatown is where the original community of Chinese immigrants settled in Singapore.The area is lined with Chinese stores，markets，and great places to eat for all budgets.It lies next to the downtown area and there is a variety of accommodation choices，from hostels(招待所) to 5 star hotels.
Little India
Little India is where most of the original Indian migrants made their home.Today it is still famous for temples，markets，and lots of places to eat delicious Indian foods.It's the most popular spot for backpackers and there are some good mid range choices here.
Kampong Glam
A short walk from Little India is the Kampong Glam area.This is where Arab traders set up shop，with street names such as Haji Lane，Baghdad St.and Arab St.The neighborhood is now one of the trendiest in Singapore.
Changi Airport
With one of the biggest airports in the region the chances are you might just be passing without time to stay.Changi Airport is awarded as one of the best in the world，so if you have to do an overnighter at an airport then you could do worse than do at Changi.I didn't get any sleep but it was an enjoyable stay for an airport.
语篇解读： 作者为初到新加坡的人提供住宿的建议。
1．What will make backpackers disappointed in Singapore
A．The system of accommodation.
B．The high charges of the hotels.
C．The remote location of the hotels.
D．The accommodation with poor facilities.
B [考查细节理解。根据第一段的“it can be a shock to the system when it comes to accommodation prices.For backpackers they have no choice but to stay outside of the central area”可知，在住宿价格方面，新加坡可能会对该体系造成冲击，背包客不得不住在郊外的地方。由此可知，高昂的住宿费迫使这些背包客远离市中心，给他们带来了不便，故选B。]
2．Which area is close to the center of Singapore
A．Chinatown. B．Little India.
C．Changi Airport. D．Kampong Glam.
A [考查细节理解。根据题干中的“close to the center of Singapore”可把解题线索定位到Chinatown部分中的“It lies next to the downtown area”，故选A。]
3．What do we know about Changi Airport
A．It witnesses a noisy environment.
B．It offers passengers worse service.
C．It is the biggest airport in Singapore.
D．It has gained a fairly good reputation.
D [考查细节理解。根据Changi Airport部分中的“Changi Airport is awarded as one of the best in the world，so if you have to do an overnighter at an airport then you could do worse than do at Changi”可知，该机场被评为世界上最好的机场之一，即有着很好的名声，故选D。]
B
(2021·湖北八校第一次联考)
I always wanted to be extraordinarily good at something.I wanted to be the best in the class—awe inspiring and tip top；a world famous genius，like Michael Phelps.
Unfortunately，my version of reality did not quite line up with this delusional vision.I was a good swimmer，but I peaked at the collegiate State Championships level.My academic record was pretty solid，but I never would have made it into one of those Ivy League schools.
Though I rose to above average status in a couple of areas，the disappointing truth was that I would never amount to anything better than a mid sized fish in a small pond.The destiny apparently had other plans.
What drove me crazy，though，was the superstar talent thrown in my face at every turn.Some folks just seemed to get an unfair dose(一剂) of the talent.Why couldn't I be like Bernie Williams，the famed New York Yankees player who also happened to be a world class guitar virtuoso(艺术大师)
Some say greatness is simply a function of putting in the practice time.It is around ten thousand hours，to be precise，according to author Malcolm Gladwell.I don't question the theory of devoting extraordinary efforts to developing one's expertise，but it seems that the talent is equally important.
I've heard that as people approach middle age，their life satisfaction increases because they begin to accept the gap between the expectations of themselves and the reality.After a few decades of frustration without the desired results，we eventually come to terms with our life as it comes out，even if it falls far short of our idealized youthful expectations.
Hope bends，it seems.
语篇解读： 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者一直想成为最优秀的人，但是现实跟不上作者的期望；作者后来明白天赋和努力同样重要，人们最终会接受期望与现实的差距。
4．What does the underlined word “delusional” in Para.2 most probably mean
A．Imaginary. B．Realistic.
C．Disappointing. D．Material.
A [考查词义猜测。根据画线词所在句中的“did not quite line up with”和上一段的内容(作者对自己的期望)可知，此处表示现实与作者对自己的期望并不完全一致。A项意为“幻想的”，与画线词词义相近，故选A项。]
5．In the passage，the writer thinks of himself as________．
A．a world famous genius
B．a mid sized fish in a small pond
C．a world class virtuoso
D．a student in an Ivy League school
B [考查细节理解。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“I would never amount to anything better than a mid sized fish in a small pond”可知，作者把自己视为池塘中的一条中等大小的鱼。故选B项。]
6．According to the writer，what makes “greatness”？
A．Extraordinary efforts.
B．Ten thousand hours of practice.
C．Talent and expertise.
D．Talent and practice.
D [考查细节理解。根据第五段第一句和最后一句可知，作者认为“伟大”来自大量的练习和天赋，故选D项。]
7．Which of the following might be the best title
A．Hope Bends B．Frustrating Decades
C．Practice Works D．Youthful Expectations
A [考查标题判断。根据尾段“Hope bends，it seems”并结合文章其他内容可知，本文主要讲述了期望与现实的差距——随着我们步入中年，我们最终会接受自我理想化的期望与现实的差距，故A项最适合作文章标题。bend意为“弯曲”。]
C
(2021·山东省临沂市一模)
We spend a third of our adult life working and another big part preparing for our careers.Historically，work was rarely seen as a source of meaning and purpose.During the vast majority of our 300，000 year human evolution(进化)，work was in fact pretty simple.We worked to eat and avoid being eaten.Meaning and purpose came from somewhere else，like culture，art，or science.
The idea that we are meant to find meaning at work or to find work meaningful—is a rather modern，or rather postmodern，invention.Only one hundred years ago it would have been frequent to see workers who returned from a typical workday at factories complain to their folks that they didn't earn much or they were worn out but rare to see they complain they didn't experience a sense of purpose.
Similarly，the idea that we ought to bring our “whole self” to work is a pretty novel and recent form of career advice.Its origins can be traced to William Kahn who invented the concept of employee engagement 30 years ago.His point was that employees differ in the degree to which they identify with their work roles.Some see work as merely a job and clock in and out every day，without bringing their whole self to work.Work is just not a core aspect of their identities，and their concept of themselves is built on other social categories like mother，husband，American，captain of the local soccer team，etc.
Others，however，have a very close psychological connection with their work roles，seeing them as an essential thing intertwined(紧密相连的)with who they are.They don't just come to work.They are fully devoted to their careers and have a spiritual type of connection with their jobs.They are，it seems，almost possessed by work and are the type of workaholics(工作狂) most companies long for.
语篇解读： 人的一生中，成年后大约有三分之一的时间都在工作，人们还用很多时间为职业做准备。然而从历史上来看，工作很少被看作人生意义和目标的来源。工作的意义以及全身心投入工作这些概念直到现代才出现。
8．Why did we spend much of our adult life working during the process of evolution
A．To prepare for future careers.
B．To find the water sources.
C．To help us evolve.
D．To make us survive.
D [细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句“We worked to eat and avoid being eaten.”可知，人类在进化过程中花大量时间劳动是为了获取食物，并且避免成为别人的食物，即为了生存，故选D项。]
9．Why did the writer mention the workers a century ago
A．To help us find meaning at work.
B．To prove that the idea was modern.
C．To show us the bad old days.
D．To complain about the experiences.
B [推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“The idea that we are meant to find meaning at work or to find work meaningful—is a rather modern，or rather postmodern，invention.”可知，在工作中寻求意义这种概念直到现代才有，紧跟着提到一百年前的工人的例子正是为了说明这一点，故选B项。]
10．Which of the following might William Kahn agree with
A．Employees have different understanding of their work roles.
B．Every employee must bring their whole self to work.
C．To be devoted to work is a pretty novel idea.
D．Workers' core identity is built on art categories.
A [推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“His point was that employees differ in the degree to which they identify with their work roles.”可知，他认为员工们对于自己工作角色的认同程度是因人而异的，故选A项。]
11．What kind of employees do most companies favor
A．Those who see work as a job.
B．Those who identify with their work roles.
C．Those who are fully devoted to their work.
D．Those who possess experience.
C [细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“They are，it seems，almost possessed by work and are the type of workaholics most companies long for.”可知，大多数公司期望工作狂类型的员工，故选C项。]
D
(2021·威海市高考模拟)
America's first transcontinental railroad，completed 150 years ago today at Promontory Summit in Utah，connected the vast United States and brought America into the modern age.Chinese immigrants contributed greatly to this notable achievement，but the historical accounts that followed often ignored their role.
Between 1863 and 1869，as many as 20，000 Chinese workers helped build the dangerous western part of the railroad，a winding ribbon of track known as the Central Pacific Railroad.At first，the Central Pacific Railroad's directors wanted a whites?only workforce.When not enough white men signed up，the railroad began hiring Chinese men for the backbreaking pany leaders were skeptical of the new recruits' ability to do the work，but they proved themselves not only capable but even superior to the other workers.
Chinese workers cut through dense forests，filled deep narrow steep?sided valleys，constructed long trestles(高架桥) and built enormous retaining walls(挡土墙)—some of which remain complete and undamaged today.All work was done by hand using carts，shovels and picks but no machinery.However，progress came at great cost：an estimated 1，200 Chinese laborers died along the Central Pacific Railroad.
Despite these facts，Chinese workers were often left out of the official story because of their identity of foreigners.On the transcontinental railroad's 100th birthday，the Chinese workers were still not honored.It was another fifty years later that their role was gradually highlighted.To celebrate the railroad's 150th anniversary in 2019，the California state assembly passed a resolution in 2017 to recognize and honor the Chinese railroad workers by designating May 10，2017，and every May 10 thereafter，as California Chinese Railroad Workers Memorial Day.
语篇解读： 本文是一篇说明文。中国移民对美国太平洋铁路的建设作出了重大贡献，但随后的历史记录往往忽视了他们的功劳。加州议会在2017年通过了一项决议来承认和尊重中国铁路工人所作的贡献。
12．What might be the best title for the text
A.The Birth of the Central Pacific Railroad Cost Dearly
B．May 10—A Special Day for Chinese Immigrants
C．Chinese Workers' Contributions Gained Recognition
D.The 150th Anniversary of the Central Pacific Railroad
C [考查标题判断。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了中国工人在美国太平洋铁路建设中所作的贡献，在2017年5月10日，中国铁路工人的劳动得到承认和尊重。故C项能概括文章主旨，适合用作标题。]
13．What does “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．Chinese laborers. B．White workers.
C．Company leaders. D．Railroad directors.
A [ 考查代词指代。根据上文“Company leaders were skeptical of the new recruits' ability to do the work”中的“new recruits”以及上文中的“the railroad began hiring Chinese men”可知，they指代new recruits，也就是中国劳工，故选A。]
14．Why does the author make such detailed descriptions in Paragraph 3
A．To prove Chinese workers' superior skills.
B．To stress the danger and difficulty of the work.
C．To describe the grand scenery along the railroad.
D.To show notable achievements made by Chinese workers.
B [ 考查推理判断。第三段前半部分是对中国工人工作的描述：在茂密的森林中开出一条路，填充了陡峭的峡谷，建造了长长的高架桥和巨大的挡土墙，所有的工作都是通过手推车、铲子和镐手工完成的，没有机械设备，再结合最后一句中的“an estimated 1，200 Chinese laborers died along the Central Pacific Railroad”可知，这一系列详细描述是为了强调工作的危险和艰难。]
15．What does the text intend to tell us
A．None so blind as those who won't see.
B．No pains，no gains.
C．Truth will come to light sooner or later.
D．Doing is better than saying.
C [ 考查推理判断。综合全文可知，文章主要讲述了中国劳工的贡献在很多年以后终于被认可。None so blind as those who won't see意为“最瞎莫如视而不见”；No pains，no gains意为“一分耕耘，一分收获”；Truth will come to light sooner or later意为“真相早晚会大白于世”；Doing is better than saying意为“行胜于言”。故C项与文章主旨一致。]
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2021·山东省临沂市高三一模)
Life in Death Valley
Death Valley is a huge place，extending more than 225 kilometers across the southern part of California into the neighboring state of Nevada.As beautiful as this place is，its name provides evidence of very real danger.
__1__ It has nearly 1.4 million hectares of desert and mountains that stand more than 3，000 meters high into the sky.Death Valley can be dangerously cold during the winter months.Storms in the mountains can cause sudden floods on the floor of the valley.But，during summer months，the air temperature has once been as high as 57 degrees Celsius.__2__ The extreme heat of Death Valley has once killed people.
In many areas of Death Valley，it is easy to see that the ground has been pushed up violently by movements deep in the earth.This has created unusual and beautiful rock formations，with colors of red，brown，gray，yellow and black.In other parts of Death Valley，there are lines in the rock.It is the evidence of the past presence of water.__3__
Much of Death Valley land is flat and extremely dry.In some areas the ground contains nothing but salts.However，it would be wrong to think that nothing lives in Death Valley.__4__ Wildflowers grow very quickly after even a small amount of rain.Several kinds of birds live in Death Valley.Visitors might see the dog like animal called coyote，or the wild bighorn sheep，or other animals like the desert tortoise.
Throughout history，Native Americans found ways to survive in Death Valley.Rock art and other remains show that humans lived in the valley as far back as 9，000 years ago.Nowadays，more than one million people visit it each year.__5__ The sun slowly turns the valley gold and the color deepens to soft brown，then changes to dark red.As night comes，the mountains turn dark purple，then black.
A．The valley is full of life.
B．The setting sun is visitors' favorite.
C．Scenes here seem to change each minute.
D．Death Valley is a place of strange and silent beauty.
E．Death Valley doesn't forgive those who are not careful.
F.Death Valley is a land of beautiful yet dangerous extremes.
G．The area was deep under an ocean for many thousands of years.
语篇解读： 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是美国加利福尼亚州死亡谷的美景与其极端的气候等信息。
1．F [前文讲到，尽管这个地方很美丽，但其名字也透露了那里存在真正的危险。后文讲到，这儿有将近140万公顷的沙漠和海拔3，000多米的山脉，冬季非常寒冷，山中的暴风雨会在谷底引发山洪。由此可知，本段主要描述的是死亡谷的危险之处，故F项(死亡谷这片大陆有极致的美景，但也极其危险)符合语境。]
2．E [前文讲到，夏季温度曾达到过57摄氏度；根据设空处后一句可知，死亡谷的极端高温曾经夺去过人的生命。结合选项可知，E项(死亡谷不容许人们不小心)符合语境。]
3．G [根据前文的“It is the evidence of the past presence of water.”可知，这里曾经存在水，故G项(这片区域曾经深埋于海洋之下长达数千年)符合语境。]
4．A [空前一句讲到，然而，认为死亡谷没有生命的存在也是不对的。结合后文的Wildflowers grow very quickly和选项可知，A项(死亡谷充满生机)符合此处语境。]
5．C [根据后文的“The sun slowly turns the valley gold and the color deepens to soft brown，then changes to dark red.”可知，山谷的颜色在不断变化。结合选项可知，C项(这里的风景似乎每一分钟都在变化)符合语境。]
第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2021·合肥市高三第三次教学质量检测)
Music is something I could never live without.As a little kid，singing and trying out for the school play really made me __1__．There was nothing that could keep me away from my __2__ until middle school.
Every eighth grader who wanted to be in the middle school show choir __3__ the audition(试唱) for a program.When it was my __4__ to enter the room，I got very __5__—my throat was dry and my heart raced.The audition __6__ like this：the introduction，the song of choice and the range check—the choir director played a note on the piano which I had to __7__．Before I knew it，the audition was over.I felt nothing but __8__，for the vibrato(颤音) was amazing and I also hit every __9__．
Weeks passed and the list of who had made it into the show choir was posted.When I was __10__ the show choir list，I found my name.__11__，this wasn't what I had expected.
“Angelica—alternate(候补者).”
An alternate？Was my audition that __12__？I thought to myself.After I saw this，my __13__ disappeared.My outside showed I wasn't __14__ but on the inside my whole world had broken up.I had no __15__ of taking the show choir at all.
A year later，one day I was at a restaurant that held karaoke to the customers.My parents begged me to go up and sing.I said no at first but finally I got enough __16__ to go up.It made me __17__ at the beginning，but I started off my song and gained more confidence as I continued.When I hit the high notes in “I know I'm not the only one”，the people eating cheered for me.I __18__I hadn't got into one program but that did not mean I had to give up all hope，and that I __19__ had that passion.The lesson I learned was if you are __20__ or do not get the outcome you want，and it is something you're in love with，don't give up.
语篇解读： 作者从小非常热爱音乐，但是在八年级时参加学校表演合唱团试唱却成为候补者的经历，让作者备受打击，自信心受挫，甚至不打算参加表演合唱团了。一年之后，作者在一家餐馆的演唱让作者重获信心，同时也得到了这样的教训：当在自己热爱的事情上被拒绝或没有得到自己想要的结果时，不要放弃。
1．A.stressed B．quiet
C．confused D．happy
D [根据上句“Music is something I could never live without”可知，作者非常热爱音乐，由此可知，唱歌和参加学校戏剧演员甄选真的让作者很开心(happy)。stressed“焦虑不安”。]
2．A.adventure B．curiosity
C．passion D．sympathy
C [根据上文中的“Music is something I could never live without”可知，作者视音乐如生命，没有什么能够阻挡她对音乐的热爱(passion)。]
3．A.attended B．held
C．passed D．abandoned
A [结合语境和常识可知，想要进入校表演合唱团的话，需要参加一个节目的试唱。]
4．A.duty B．privilege
C．habit D．turn
D [根据语境可知，参加试唱的学生需要依次进行试唱。此处表示该轮到作者进入房间了。privilege“特权，荣幸”不符合语境。]
5．A.calm B．touched
C．nervous D．angry
C [根据空后的“my throat was dry and my heart raced”可知，作者感到非常紧张。]
6．A.ended B．went
C．occurred D．changed
B [根据本句中的“the introduction，the song of choice and the range check”可知，这是试唱的基本流程。go“进展，进行”符合语境。]
7．A.match B．take
C．learn D．review
A [根据本句中的“the range check”并结合语境和常识可知，在试唱的音域检查环节，当合唱团的负责人在钢琴上弹奏一个音调的时候，试唱者需要匹配该音调。]
8．A.guilt B．relief
C．regret D．pain
B [根据本句中的“for the vibrato(颤音)was amazing”可知，尽管试唱前很紧张，但试唱后作者觉得自己表现不错，所以感到宽心(relief)。]
9．A.note B．target
C．post D．wall
A [结合语境可知，作者对自己的试唱感到满意，她的颤音令人惊叹，并且她唱准了每个音调。]
10．A.drawing up B．handing in
C．taking down D．looking through
D [根据上句中的“the list of who had made it into the show choir was posted”可知，录取名单公布后，作者去看自己的名字是否在名单上。look through“浏览，快速查看”符合语境。draw up“起草，拟订”；hand in“上交，提交”；take down“取下，记录”。]
11．A.Otherwise B．Therefore
C．However D．Instead
C [结合空处前后的内容“I found my name”和“this wasn't what I had expected”可知，尽管作者的名字在名单上，但是并不是自己期待的那样，前后形成转折，故选C。]
12．A.familiar B．terrible
C．impressive D．natural
B [结合上文可知，作者对自己的试唱感到满意，结果却以候补者的身份被选中，所以作者暗想：“难道我的试唱那么糟糕吗？”。]
13．A.patience B．imagination
C．independence D．confidence
D [根据语境可知，作者对自己的试唱感到满意，但在看了录取名单后发现结果不是自己期待的那样，于是自信心消失了。]
14．A.sad B．cool
C．serious D．grateful
A [根据空后的“but on the inside my whole world had broken up”可知，作者表面上表现出不伤心的样子，但内心却已崩溃。]
15．A.wisdom B．chance
C．intention D．impression
C [根据上文可知，作者自信心消失，内心崩溃，因此都不计划再去参加表演合唱团了。]
16．A.courage B．knowledge
C．luck D．permission
A [结合下文中的“I started off my song”可知，起初作者拒绝上台演唱，但是最终有了足够的勇气上台。]
17．A.march B．relax
C．sweat D．complain
C [根据上文可知，作者由于之前的经历自信心不足，因此上台唱歌之初，还有些紧张冒汗(sweat)。march“前进”。]
18．A.doubted B．realized
C．promised D．advocated
B [结合语境可知，当作者唱准高音时，听众为她欢呼，这令作者意识到：没有参加一个节目并不意味着自己应该放弃所有的希望，自己仍然拥有对音乐的热爱。]
19．A.just B．yet
C．even D．still
D [参见上题解析。]
20．A.laid off B．turned down
C．looked down on D．made fun of
B [根据上文所述的作者未被校表演合唱团正式录取而是成为候补者以及之后的经历可知，作者得到了这样的教训：当在自己热爱的事情上被拒绝或没有得到自己想要的结果时，不要放弃。lay off“解雇”；turn down “拒绝”。]
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2021·郑州市高中毕业年级第二次质量预测)
At a very young age，Oindrila Basu had no idea of 1.________ to live with nature.She would climb trees or destroy the nests of birds just for fun，like other kids.Once her mother caught her and got angry，and then the girl realized she 2.________(do)something terribly wrong.
This is just a way that Basu's parents shaped her understanding and appreciation of nature.3.________(live)in the countryside，she spent her youth studying ants before the rain，watching sunbirds drink honey，counting fireflies and watching young plants grow.Then her parents decided to move to a nearby city 4.________ better educational chances，and then she stopped having first?hand experiences with nature.
Later，as she struggled 5.________(choose)a college major，her mother suggested a career in forestry(林业).That's when her journey began，and she fell in love with forestry.Away from the crowded cities，in the lap of the Himalayas，she graduated in forestry from Kumaun University，India.When she went on to study a 6.________(master)degree in forestry from the Forest Research Institute，India，she finally got introduced to a group of like?minded people，devoted to the International Forestry Students' Association(IFSA).
IFSA is a 7.________(globe)organization connecting students to exchange knowledge and participate in forestry activities.The youth joining IFSA are 8.________(encourage)to undertake its task—to enrich forest education and spread a love of nature through events and exchanges.
After six months of exciting international conferences and workshops，Basu，then 25，found her home—a family that loved forests as much 9.________she did.she felt more active，so her passion had a direction.Now she wants to do more.
As a key member of IFSA，Basu recalled the experience of joining it，“10.________(deliberate)or by accident，we chose forestry，or rather，forestry chose us.”
语篇解读： Oindrila Basu小时候喜欢爬树、破坏鸟巢，在她的妈妈的教育和引导下，她逐渐爱上了大自然。之后她在妈妈的建议下选择了林业专业，并获得了林业硕士学位，而且成了国际林业学生协会成员。
1．解析： 考查副词。根据下句可知，为了好玩，她会爬树或者破坏鸟巢；又结合语境可知，Oindrila Basu在很小的时候不知道如何和大自然相处，故用how。
答案： how
2．解析： 考查动词的时态。句意：她的妈妈曾经抓住了她并且发怒了，然后这位女孩才意识到她做了非常错误的事情。根据该句中的“realized”，并结合句意可知，她做那些非常错误的事情发生在她意识到之前，表示过去的过去，故用过去完成时。
答案： had done
3．解析： 考查现在分词。分析该句结构可知，动词live和主语she为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用其现在分词形式。
答案： Living
4．解析： 考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示“她的父母为了更好的教育机会决定搬到附近的一个城市”，表目的；此处也可以表示“她的父母决定搬到附近的一个有更好教育机会的城市”，表示“带有”，故填for/with。
答案： for/with
5．解析： 考查动词不定式。struggle to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“努力做某事”，故该处用动词不定式。
答案： to choose
6．解析： 考查固定用法。master's degree为固定用法，意为“硕士学位”。句意：当她继续在印度森林研究所攻读林业硕士学位时，她最终结识了一群志趣相投的人，致力于国际林业学生协会。
答案： master's
7．解析： 考查形容词。形容词修饰名词，空处修饰名词organization，故用形容词。
答案： global
8．解析： 考查被动语态。分析句子结构可知，该句主语The youth和动词encourage之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。
答案： encouraged
9．解析： 考查固定用法。“as＋adj./adv.＋as...”为固定用法，表示“和……一样……”。句意：经过六个月激动人心的国际会议和研讨会，当时25岁的Basu找到了她的家——一个和她一样热爱森林的家庭。
答案： as
10．解析： 考查副词。空处在该句中作状语，修饰整个句子，故用副词形式。
答案： Deliberately
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Last summer vacation I travelled to America and I met a lot of foreigner.I found a tour guide which spoke both English and Chinese because of I was not confident about my English.Interesting，some native English speakers joined me in the trip.When we are in the Grand Canyon，we lost contact with our guide but everyone was worried.All of sudden，my phone rang and it was from the guide，said that he would wait for us at the gate of the canyon.He asked I to inform the other members.I summoned my courage to tell them in English，and then I was praising by them.I felt more confident afterwards.
答案：
Last summer vacation I travelled to America and I met a lot of ．I found a tour guide spoke both English and Chinese because I was not confident about my English. ，some native English speakers joined me in the trip.When we in the Grand Canyon，we lost contact with our guide everyone was worried.All of sudden，my phone rang and it was from the guide， that he would wait for us at the gate of the canyon.He asked to inform the other members.I summoned my courage to tell them in English，and then I was by them.I felt more confident afterwards.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
(2021·成都市高中毕业班第三次诊断)
假定你是李华。你之前在网上为你校交换生Jack预订了下周六晚上7：30的川剧演出，现该演出被宣布取消，请给他写一封邮件，内容要点如下：
1．告知演出取消；
2．后续事项处理；
3．其他活动建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jack，
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Yours，
Li Hua
答案：
Dear Jack，
With great regret，I'm writing to tell you that the Sichuan Opera performance scheduled at 7：30 pm next Saturday has been cancelled.
Above all，according to the notice，the money paid for the online booking has been returned to the original account.Don't forget to check it.In addition，I am more than glad to find out that there will be another performance at the same time next Sunday in another theater.I'm wondering if it is convenient for you to enjoy it.
Please let me know if you are available or not as soon as possible so that I can book the tickets online in time.
Yours，
Li Hua
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