Unit 22 Environmental Protection
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
(2021·湖北省部分重点中学联考)
Jerrie：My hope is that my grandchildren and the next generation will inherit (继承) some of the values that are so important to me.It is the best gift I could give my family.
Jodi：The special book written by my mother is one of the most precious gifts I could ever receive，and I cannot even describe my feelings about this labor of love that she completed，with the help of the team at LifeBook.
Kelli：I want to say thank you for taking my grandma's pictures，emails，and stories and turning them into this beautiful and professional book.It is such a work of art and something I will forever keep.
LET US WRITE YOUR PRIVATE
AUTOBIOGRAPHY(自传)FOR YOU & YOUR FAMILY
Imagine your very own private autobiography.All your stories in a beautifully designed book are there for the whole family to enjoy — forever.
Let LifeBook take care of everything，with expert writers and interviewers recording your experiences over a memorable six month journey.
·The world's leading private autobiography service.
·Globally，over 8，000 people enjoy owning the LifeBook Autobiography or Memoir of someone they love.
·A devoted project manager and a team of five to help you.
·18 hours of face to face interviews.
·Interest free payments.
·Perfect for you，or as a gift for a loved one.
REQUEST A FREE AUTOBIOGRAPHY GUIDE
Talk to a LifeBook planner today.
FREE on 0800 999 2280 on weekdays.
For more information，visit the website：www..
1．What is the purpose of the first three paragraphs
A．To show the importance of the book.
B．To spread Jerrie's values across her family.
C.To introduce Jerrie's autobiography to people.
D．To advertise and attract customers to LifeBook.
2．What can we learn from LifeBook's services
A．LifeBook will take you on a tour.
B．There will be six people helping you.
C．There will be an interview on the phone.
D．LifeBook won't provide free services for you.
3．What can you do if you are still confused after reading this text
A．Send an email to LifeBook.
B．Talk to the planner anytime.
C．Visit the website of LifeBook.
D．Call 0800 999 2280 on Sunday.
B
(2021·湖南省高三六校联考)
It was an amazing feeling to be acknowledged for the Pride of Britain award at No.10 Downing Street.
The last thing you expect when doing something as ordinary as picking your son up from a sleepover is to end up saving three people's lives in a plane crash — but that's exactly what happened to me in May this year.
I think I was acting unconsciously.I jumped out，leaving Giacomo in the car.
The plane was upside down and flames were coming out of the driver's seat and I could hear screaming.I think there must have been roughly half a minute between getting the first and last person out.Then another guy — who turned out to be Joel Snarr—arrived on the scene to help at just the right time.I don't think I'd have been able to get the pilot out — he was a big guy.There is no way he would have survived if Joel hadn't been there.I could tell straight away Joel had a military background by how he conducted himself.We'd just got all three of them to a safe distance when the aircraft was completely swallowed by the flames.
Giacomo and I stared at each other，almost laughing in relief.
The emergency services arrived pretty quickly，and we were at the scene for a couple of hours while they dealt with the fire and cleared the roads.Afterwards I spoke to the family，and that was the first time the emotion of the whole thing hit me.I kept randomly bursting into tears.
Thankfully，Stuart Moore，the pilot，and his nephew and niece Jack Moore，19，and Billie Manley，16，have all since made a full recovery.Jack and Billie were suffering a lot more than I was.Although they were safe，the memory of being inside that burning plane would have been more of an emotional scar.
4．What do we know about the author
A．He prided himself on being helpful.
B．He regretted having saved the family.
C．He was overcome by fear and despair then.
D．He was well equipped with first aid knowledge.
5．What is the fourth Paragraph mainly about
A．Joel Snarr's character.
B．The importance of teamwork.
C．The rescue process.
D．An investigation of the air crash.
6．Why did the author and Giacomo almost laugh in relief
A．It was a narrow escape.
B．They both appreciated Joel's help.
C．They both survived the crashing plane.
D．The emergency services arrived in time.
7．What is the best title for the text
A．An Unforgettable Award.
B．A Crashing Plane.
C．A Thrilling Rescue.
D．An Exciting Experience.
C
(2021·石家庄市质量检测)
Losing a parent is one of the most painful parts of life.No matter how old we are when they leave us，it can be a painful experience.Our memories are all that is left of them and happy reminders of their love turn into our most valuable treasures.
That's how Mara Soriano feels about a very special teddy bear she lost in her recent move to a new apartment.
The toy bear didn't cost a lot，but it contained a recording of her late mother's voice telling her that she loved her and was proud of her.The bear，called“Mama Bear”，was in a backpack that contained electronics like an iPad and a Nintendo Switch.When the bag was missing last week during the move，the 28 year old，was heartbroken — not for the electronics，but for Mama Bear.
So she posted online the lost item and the story behind it.Luckily，Mara's search soon became a hit.Meanwhile，Mara was out searching.She put up posters，dug through dustbins，and communicated with others online，following up any lead she could find.
Actor Ryan Reynolds posted an appeal for its safe return.“I think we all need this bear to come home，”he wrote.Along with the message，he also set a price of $5，000 for the return.
Then on Tuesday night，Mara's special bear came home.It's a bit of a modern day wonder that would never have happened without social media.Mara said she got an email from someone who told her they had the bear.
Mara is getting married next summer and the bear is going to have a special seat at the ceremony — the one her mother would sit in.For now，she's keeping“Mama Bear”close and sending thanks to those who helped with the happy reunion.
8．Where was Mama Bear when it was lost
A．In a backpack. B．In the old apartment.
C．In a dustbin. D．In an electronics store.
9．Why did Mara spare no effort to recover her Mama Bear
A．It contained expensive electronics.
B．It recorded her wedding memories.
C．It was a present for her 28th birthday.
D．It had happy reminders of her mom's love.
10．What did Ryan do to help Mara
A．He put up posters across the city.
B．He sent an message to comfort Mara.
C．He bought an alternative bear for Mara.
D．He offered a reward for the return of the bear.
11．The special seat at the wedding ceremony will be intended for________．
A．the bridegroom B．the toy bear
C．a famous actor D．an honored guest
D
(2021·石家庄市质量检测)
The term“bird brain”is frequently used to describe a person's lack of intelligence and good decision making ability.However，some scientists believe it should be considered praise，given that many birds can perform human tasks like producing and using tools，solving problems，and planning for future needs.Now，Griffin，an African grey parrot，has proved that birds may even possess better visual memories than human adults and children.
The study，led by Hrag Pailian，a researcher at Harvard University，had the parrot compete in the game against twenty one undergraduate students and twenty one 6 to 8 year old children.The popular challenge involves hiding a small object under one of three or more upturned cups，which are moved around.Participants are required to accurately identify the cup under which the object lies.To make the task more challenging，the researchers required participants to track two，three，and four objects at the same time.
An analysis of the results showed that Griffin outperformed the 6 to 8 year olds across all levels on average.Even more impressive，the“bird brain”performed as well as，or slightly better than the 21 Harvard students on 12 of the 14 trials！It was only in the final two tests，which had the most objects and most movements，that the parrot fell behind the adults.However，Griffin's performance was never below that of the children.
Griffin was the candidate of choice because the scientists needed an animal that had brain functionality similar to that of humans.“The fact that the smart parrot loves to show off its brain power in exchange for a few cashews(腰果) did not hurt either，”said Irene Pepperberg，a Harvard lecturer，who has trained Griffin and several other African grey parrots，has been studying the species for over four decades and is considered a pioneer in the study of bird intelligence.
12．What were the participants required to do in the study
A．Identify different kinds of objects.
B．Tell where the hidden object lies.
C．Track other participants' performance.
D．Move upturned cups around.
13．What did the results of the study indicate
A．6 to 8 year olds did better than Griffin.
B．Parrots have a better memory than other birds.
C．Harvard students have a better visual memory.
D．Griffin outsmarted Harvard students in some trials.
14．Why was Griffin chosen for the experiment
A．It was good at making decisions.
B．It was specially trained for experiments.
C．It had brain functions similar to human beings'.
D．It loved to show off its language power for some treats.
15. What is the best title for the text
A．“Bird brain”becomes a term for a stupid person.
B．A Harvard lecturer leads the way in bird intelligence study.
C．A parrot outsmarted Harvard students in the visual memory test.
D．Researchers made new discoveries about human intelligence.
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2021·广州市高三年级阶段训练)
Endangered species
An endangered species is a group of animals or plants that could soon become extinct.__1__Many species are nearly extinct and could disappear off the face of the earth very soon if we don't do anything to save them.There are many reasons why species become endangered.
Habitat destruction is the main reason why animals become endangered and this happens in two ways.When humans move into a new area，the animals' habitat is destroyed and there is nowhere for them to live and nothing for them to eat because humans chop down trees and build houses and farms.__2__ Chemicals in rivers and poisons on farms cause the destruction of animals'homes and food supplies.
__3__Animals have been brought to the edge of extinction because they are killed for their highly valued meat，fur，bones or skin，or just for sport.Overfishing has resulted in many large sea creatures like whales and sharks becoming endangered species.
__4__We should take care not to pollute natural areas，and farmers or companies who destroy animal habitats should face severe financial penalties (处罚).The public can help out by refusing to buy any product made from these animals' body parts.Governments can help，too，by making it against the law to hunt，fish or trade in endangered species.They can also provide funding for animal sanctuaries (保护区)，to protect animals from extinction by breeding more endangered animals，which they later release into the wild.__5__
A．Animal habitats are also destroyed because of pollution.
B．Endangered species are also the result of hunting and fishing.
C．Eventually，all the creatures on the earth will enjoy being together.
D．Recent changes，however，have helped to improve the situation.
E．So what can individuals and governments do to protect endangered species
F．Extinction happens when the last of the species has died out and there will be no more.
G．If we all cooperate and take these steps，we will protect these animals for future generations.
第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2021·山西省六校阶段测试)
Our families lived more than 450 miles away.So a few weeks before New Year's Day one year，my husband and I decided to__1__someone for the holiday.I called a senior center and they__2__Ilse，a 78 year old lady，a woman I guessed would be__3__and soft spoken.
That day，Ilse came to our house，talkative and loud spoken.My__4__was wrong.By the end of the evening，we felt as if this__5__woman were an old friend.We had kept a__6__relationship for years since then.One evening，she phoned me and I__7__ it.The following day，I returned her call but couldn't __8__ what she was saying.I drove her to the__9__room，where the doctor confirmed a serious stroke(中风)__10__her.At the end of the week，__11__ an early morning call from her caregiver，“She's passed away.”
The morning after Ilse's__12__，I opened my drawer and read through her__13__she'd insisted I take a year earlier.I stopped when seeing my name.She left me $50，000! But I couldn't__14__what she had left me on myself.Ilse was a friend I'd helped out of sincerity and __15__，not with the expectation of being__16__．I opened an investment account in__17__of her.Over the next 20 years，Ilse's gift grew，__18__giving me opportunities to donate money in her name to a cause she__19__deeply: children.Meeting Ilse made my life __20__absolutely.
1．A.visit B．invite
C．sponsor D．tend
2．A.employed B．recognized
C．convinced D．suggested
3．A.quiet B．brilliant
C．lovely D．dynamic
4．A.intention B．worry
C．assumption D．attitude
5．A.stubborn B．lonely
C．strange D．unfortunate
6．A.temporary B．close
C．rare D．loose
7．A.ignored B．answered
C．regretted D．missed
8．A.remember B．forget
C．catch D．repeat
9．A.emergency B．waiting
C．conference D．living
10．A.hurt B．attacked
C．faced D．fought
11.A.refused B．expected
C．postponed D．received
12．A.death B．call
C．recovery D．arrival
13．A.novel B．article
C．will D．newspaper
14．A.spend B．focus
C．impress D．base
15．A.interest B．hope
C．curiosity D．respect
16．A.recorded B．paid
C．admitted D．praised
17．A.advance B．charge
C．honor D．search
18．A.instantly B．constantly
C．occasionally D．obviously
19．A.took on B．gave up
C．set off D．cared about
20．A.richer B．busier
C．safer D．simpler
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2021·广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试一)
Olympic and Paralympic medals for the Tokyo 2020 Games will be made from recycled mobile phones donated by the public.
Olympic host cities have 1.________ (tradition)obtained the metal from mining firms.But Japan，2.________ lacks mineral resources，is keen on taking the theme of a sustainable future a step 3.________(far).
“A project which allows the people of Japan 4.________ (participate) in creating the medals is really good，and helps raise the environmental awareness of our citizens，” said Tokyo 2020 sports 5.________ (direct) Koji Murofushi.“6.________ the resources of our earth are limited，we need to recycle more and avoid waste.This program is setting an example.”
Collection boxes have been placed in local offices and telecom stores and they will remain there until the metal required 7.________ (collect).Members of the organizing committee put forward the idea 8.________ government officials and companies earlier this year and won their support.
As a result，the medals hanging around Olympic winners' necks will carry even more meaning than usual.People's personal memories，once 9.________ (store)in their smartphones and other handheld devices，will take the round shape of an Olympic medal，one of the most precious 10.________ (prize)in sport.
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(2020·成都市毕业班第二次诊断检测)
I used to be selfish and only thought of myself. Yet my neighbour was having so much funny with volunteering. He told me that it felt extremely well. I was inspired by him and decided to have try.I hoped to get the same result，for my self?respect is unbelievably low and I felt worth.
We have volunteered for more than two years so far. By volunteering I have been changed my view on myself and this world. When I helped others，I felt need in society. Not only did it build up my confidence，it let others benefited as well.Undoubtedly，volunteering is a great opportunities to improve the whole society.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
(2021·云南省七校高考适应性考试三)
假定你是李华，是校英语报的小记者。近期你校组织开展了为期一周的“劳动最光荣”(Labor Is the Most Glorious)活动。请你写一篇报道介绍一下这次活动，内容包括：
1．活动目的；2.活动内容；3.收获。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
PAGE
17Unit 22 Environmental Protection
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
(2021·湖北省部分重点中学联考)
Jerrie：My hope is that my grandchildren and the next generation will inherit (继承) some of the values that are so important to me.It is the best gift I could give my family.
Jodi：The special book written by my mother is one of the most precious gifts I could ever receive，and I cannot even describe my feelings about this labor of love that she completed，with the help of the team at LifeBook.
Kelli：I want to say thank you for taking my grandma's pictures，emails，and stories and turning them into this beautiful and professional book.It is such a work of art and something I will forever keep.
LET US WRITE YOUR PRIVATE
AUTOBIOGRAPHY(自传)FOR YOU & YOUR FAMILY
Imagine your very own private autobiography.All your stories in a beautifully designed book are there for the whole family to enjoy — forever.
Let LifeBook take care of everything，with expert writers and interviewers recording your experiences over a memorable six month journey.
·The world's leading private autobiography service.
·Globally，over 8，000 people enjoy owning the LifeBook Autobiography or Memoir of someone they love.
·A devoted project manager and a team of five to help you.
·18 hours of face to face interviews.
·Interest free payments.
·Perfect for you，or as a gift for a loved one.
REQUEST A FREE AUTOBIOGRAPHY GUIDE
Talk to a LifeBook planner today.
FREE on 0800 999 2280 on weekdays.
For more information，visit the website：www..
语篇解读： 本文是关于私人自传服务公司LifeBook的广告，包括客户评价，LifeBook提供的服务以及联系方式等内容。
1．What is the purpose of the first three paragraphs
A．To show the importance of the book.
B．To spread Jerrie's values across her family.
C.To introduce Jerrie's autobiography to people.
D．To advertise and attract customers to LifeBook.
D [写作目的题。根据题干中的关键词the first three paragraphs定位到文章前三段，前三段主要是分享用户体验，结合常识可知，其目的是为LifeBook做广告并吸引客户，故D项正确。]
2．What can we learn from LifeBook's services
A．LifeBook will take you on a tour.
B．There will be six people helping you.
C．There will be an interview on the phone.
D．LifeBook won't provide free services for you.
B [细节理解题。根据文中的“A devoted project manager and a team of five to help you”可知，B项正确。]
3．What can you do if you are still confused after reading this text
A．Send an email to LifeBook.
B．Talk to the planner anytime.
C．Visit the website of LifeBook.
D．Call 0800 999 2280 on Sunday.
C [细节理解题。根据文章最后一句可知，如果阅读本文后仍然感到困惑，可访问LifeBook网站，故C项正确。]
B
(2021·湖南省高三六校联考)
It was an amazing feeling to be acknowledged for the Pride of Britain award at No.10 Downing Street.
The last thing you expect when doing something as ordinary as picking your son up from a sleepover is to end up saving three people's lives in a plane crash — but that's exactly what happened to me in May this year.
I think I was acting unconsciously.I jumped out，leaving Giacomo in the car.
The plane was upside down and flames were coming out of the driver's seat and I could hear screaming.I think there must have been roughly half a minute between getting the first and last person out.Then another guy — who turned out to be Joel Snarr—arrived on the scene to help at just the right time.I don't think I'd have been able to get the pilot out — he was a big guy.There is no way he would have survived if Joel hadn't been there.I could tell straight away Joel had a military background by how he conducted himself.We'd just got all three of them to a safe distance when the aircraft was completely swallowed by the flames.
Giacomo and I stared at each other，almost laughing in relief.
The emergency services arrived pretty quickly，and we were at the scene for a couple of hours while they dealt with the fire and cleared the roads.Afterwards I spoke to the family，and that was the first time the emotion of the whole thing hit me.I kept randomly bursting into tears.
Thankfully，Stuart Moore，the pilot，and his nephew and niece Jack Moore，19，and Billie Manley，16，have all since made a full recovery.Jack and Billie were suffering a lot more than I was.Although they were safe，the memory of being inside that burning plane would have been more of an emotional scar.
语篇解读： 本文主要讲的是作者经历了惊心动魄的救人事件，这让他获得了英国骄傲奖。
4．What do we know about the author
A．He prided himself on being helpful.
B．He regretted having saved the family.
C．He was overcome by fear and despair then.
D．He was well equipped with first aid knowledge.
A [细节理解题。根据题目定位到文章第一段，结合下文作者在飞机失事后救了三个人可知，他为自己乐于助人而自豪，故A项正确。]
5．What is the fourth Paragraph mainly about
A．Joel Snarr's character.
B．The importance of teamwork.
C．The rescue process.
D．An investigation of the air crash.
C [段落大意题。根据题目定位到文章第四段，通读该段可知，该段主要讲的是作者和Joel Snarr在飞机失事后救出三个人的过程，故C项正确。]
6．Why did the author and Giacomo almost laugh in relief
A．It was a narrow escape.
B．They both appreciated Joel's help.
C．They both survived the crashing plane.
D．The emergency services arrived in time.
A [推理判断题。根据题干中的“almost laugh in relief”定位到文章第五段，结合第四段内容可推知，作者刚刚经历了惊心动魄的营救过程，终于在飞机被火焰完全吞噬前救出了全部的人，所以此刻才会和Giacomo一起几乎如释重负地笑，“a narrow escape”意为“死里逃生”，故A项正确。]
7．What is the best title for the text
A．An Unforgettable Award.
B．A Crashing Plane.
C．A Thrilling Rescue.
D．An Exciting Experience.
C [文章大意题。文章第一、二段引出主题——作者在飞机失事后救了三个人，其后的段落围绕具体的营救过程和事故的其他方面展开，故C项最适合作本文的标题。]
C
(2021·石家庄市质量检测)
Losing a parent is one of the most painful parts of life.No matter how old we are when they leave us，it can be a painful experience.Our memories are all that is left of them and happy reminders of their love turn into our most valuable treasures.
That's how Mara Soriano feels about a very special teddy bear she lost in her recent move to a new apartment.
The toy bear didn't cost a lot，but it contained a recording of her late mother's voice telling her that she loved her and was proud of her.The bear，called“Mama Bear”，was in a backpack that contained electronics like an iPad and a Nintendo Switch.When the bag was missing last week during the move，the 28 year old，was heartbroken — not for the electronics，but for Mama Bear.
So she posted online the lost item and the story behind it.Luckily，Mara's search soon became a hit.Meanwhile，Mara was out searching.She put up posters，dug through dustbins，and communicated with others online，following up any lead she could find.
Actor Ryan Reynolds posted an appeal for its safe return.“I think we all need this bear to come home，”he wrote.Along with the message，he also set a price of $5，000 for the return.
Then on Tuesday night，Mara's special bear came home.It's a bit of a modern day wonder that would never have happened without social media.Mara said she got an email from someone who told her they had the bear.
Mara is getting married next summer and the bear is going to have a special seat at the ceremony — the one her mother would sit in.For now，she's keeping“Mama Bear”close and sending thanks to those who helped with the happy reunion.
语篇解读： Mara在搬家时不慎遗失了自己的“妈妈熊”，这是一个珍贵的含有已故母亲录音的泰迪熊玩偶。幸好，经过Mara自己不懈的寻找并在社交媒体上热心网友的帮助下，Mara的妈妈熊最终回到了家。
8．Where was Mama Bear when it was lost
A．In a backpack. B．In the old apartment.
C．In a dustbin. D．In an electronics store.
A [细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The bear，called‘Mama Bear’，was in a backpack that contained electronics like an iPad and a Nintendo Switch”可知，A选项正确。]
9．Why did Mara spare no effort to recover her Mama Bear
A．It contained expensive electronics.
B．It recorded her wedding memories.
C．It was a present for her 28th birthday.
D．It had happy reminders of her mom's love.
D [细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，这个玩具熊虽然不贵，但是它含有已故母亲的录音，母亲告诉Mara，她爱她并为她感到骄傲，故选D。]
10．What did Ryan do to help Mara
A．He put up posters across the city.
B．He sent an message to comfort Mara.
C．He bought an alternative bear for Mara.
D．He offered a reward for the return of the bear.
D [细节理解题。根据第五段可知，演员Ryan呼吁让妈妈熊安全回家，并设定了5 000美元作为回报，故选D。]
11．The special seat at the wedding ceremony will be intended for________．
A．the bridegroom B．the toy bear
C．a famous actor D．an honored guest
B [细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句中的“the bear is going to have a special seat at the ceremony—the one her mother would sit in”可知，B项正确。]
D
(2021·石家庄市质量检测)
The term“bird brain”is frequently used to describe a person's lack of intelligence and good decision making ability.However，some scientists believe it should be considered praise，given that many birds can perform human tasks like producing and using tools，solving problems，and planning for future needs.Now，Griffin，an African grey parrot，has proved that birds may even possess better visual memories than human adults and children.
The study，led by Hrag Pailian，a researcher at Harvard University，had the parrot compete in the game against twenty one undergraduate students and twenty one 6 to 8 year old children.The popular challenge involves hiding a small object under one of three or more upturned cups，which are moved around.Participants are required to accurately identify the cup under which the object lies.To make the task more challenging，the researchers required participants to track two，three，and four objects at the same time.
An analysis of the results showed that Griffin outperformed the 6 to 8 year olds across all levels on average.Even more impressive，the“bird brain”performed as well as，or slightly better than the 21 Harvard students on 12 of the 14 trials！It was only in the final two tests，which had the most objects and most movements，that the parrot fell behind the adults.However，Griffin's performance was never below that of the children.
Griffin was the candidate of choice because the scientists needed an animal that had brain functionality similar to that of humans.“The fact that the smart parrot loves to show off its brain power in exchange for a few cashews(腰果) did not hurt either，”said Irene Pepperberg，a Harvard lecturer，who has trained Griffin and several other African grey parrots，has been studying the species for over four decades and is considered a pioneer in the study of bird intelligence.
语篇解读： “鸟的大脑”这个词经常用来描述一个人缺乏智慧和良好的决策能力。然而，一些科学家认为，它应该被认为是一种赞扬，因为许多鸟类可以执行人类的任务，如生产和使用工具，解决问题，并计划未来所需。如今，一只非洲灰鹦鹉已经证明，鸟类甚至可能拥有比成年人和儿童更好的视觉记忆。
12．What were the participants required to do in the study
A．Identify different kinds of objects.
B．Tell where the hidden object lies.
C．Track other participants' performance.
D．Move upturned cups around.
B [细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Participants are required to accurately identify the cup under which the object lies”可知，B项正确。]
13．What did the results of the study indicate
A．6 to 8 year olds did better than Griffin.
B．Parrots have a better memory than other birds.
C．Harvard students have a better visual memory.
D．Griffin outsmarted Harvard students in some trials.
D [细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，在14次测试中有12次，鹦鹉都表现得像21名哈佛学生一样好，或者说鹦鹉表现得更好一点，故选D。]
14．Why was Griffin chosen for the experiment
A．It was good at making decisions.
B．It was specially trained for experiments.
C．It had brain functions similar to human beings'.
D．It loved to show off its language power for some treats.
C [细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Griffin was the candidate of choice because the scientists needed an animal that had brain functionality similar to that of humans”可知，C项正确。]
15. What is the best title for the text
A．“Bird brain”becomes a term for a stupid person.
B．A Harvard lecturer leads the way in bird intelligence study.
C．A parrot outsmarted Harvard students in the visual memory test.
D．Researchers made new discoveries about human intelligence.
C [主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一项研究发现，即鸟类甚至可能拥有比成年人和儿童更好的视觉记忆，在视觉记忆测试中，一只鹦鹉甚至胜过了哈佛学生，故选C。]
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2021·广州市高三年级阶段训练)
Endangered species
An endangered species is a group of animals or plants that could soon become extinct.__1__Many species are nearly extinct and could disappear off the face of the earth very soon if we don't do anything to save them.There are many reasons why species become endangered.
Habitat destruction is the main reason why animals become endangered and this happens in two ways.When humans move into a new area，the animals' habitat is destroyed and there is nowhere for them to live and nothing for them to eat because humans chop down trees and build houses and farms.__2__ Chemicals in rivers and poisons on farms cause the destruction of animals'homes and food supplies.
__3__Animals have been brought to the edge of extinction because they are killed for their highly valued meat，fur，bones or skin，or just for sport.Overfishing has resulted in many large sea creatures like whales and sharks becoming endangered species.
__4__We should take care not to pollute natural areas，and farmers or companies who destroy animal habitats should face severe financial penalties (处罚).The public can help out by refusing to buy any product made from these animals' body parts.Governments can help，too，by making it against the law to hunt，fish or trade in endangered species.They can also provide funding for animal sanctuaries (保护区)，to protect animals from extinction by breeding more endangered animals，which they later release into the wild.__5__
A．Animal habitats are also destroyed because of pollution.
B．Endangered species are also the result of hunting and fishing.
C．Eventually，all the creatures on the earth will enjoy being together.
D．Recent changes，however，have helped to improve the situation.
E．So what can individuals and governments do to protect endangered species
F．Extinction happens when the last of the species has died out and there will be no more.
G．If we all cooperate and take these steps，we will protect these animals for future generations.
语篇解读： 本文主要介绍了使动物濒临灭绝的几个原因以及个人和政府为保护濒危动物可以采取的措施。
1．F [考查上下文衔接。该题要注意extinct和species在上下句中的复现。根据空前一句“An endangered species is a group of animals or plants that could soon become extinct”和空后一句中的“Many species are nearly extinct”可知，此处应是对extinct的进一步说明，故F项“当一个物种的最 后一个个体消失，不会再有了，灭绝就发生了”与上下文衔接，所以选 F项。]
2．A [考查上下文衔接。根据空后一句“Chemicals in rivers...and food supplies”可知，此处说明的应是动物的栖息地受到破坏的另外一个原因，故A项“动物的栖息地也因为污染而遭到破坏”符合语境，空后一句中的“Chemicals”和“poisons”与A项中的“pollution”呼应。该题要注意A项中的关键词also对上下文的衔接作用。]
3．B [考查段落主旨句。根据下文描述的“because they are killed for their highly valued meat，fur，bones or skin，or just for sport.Overfishing has resulted in”可知，该段主要讲了人类的猎杀和过度捕捞也是造成物种临灭绝的原因，故选B项。该题要注意B项中的hunting和fishing与下文内容的联系。]
4．E [考查上下文衔接。通读空后内容可知，该段讲的是个人和政府可采用的保护濒危动物的具体做法，故选E项。该题要注意E项中individuals和governments与下文内容的呼应。]
5．G [考查总结句。根据该段内容可知，本段重点讲了个人和政府可以采用的保护濒危动物的做法以防止物种灭绝，故选G项“如果我们都合作并采取这些措施，我们将能为子孙后代保护这些动物”。该题要注意G项中的these steps是对上文做法的概括。]
第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2021·山西省六校阶段测试)
Our families lived more than 450 miles away.So a few weeks before New Year's Day one year，my husband and I decided to__1__someone for the holiday.I called a senior center and they__2__Ilse，a 78 year old lady，a woman I guessed would be__3__and soft spoken.
That day，Ilse came to our house，talkative and loud spoken.My__4__was wrong.By the end of the evening，we felt as if this__5__woman were an old friend.We had kept a__6__relationship for years since then.One evening，she phoned me and I__7__ it.The following day，I returned her call but couldn't __8__ what she was saying.I drove her to the__9__room，where the doctor confirmed a serious stroke(中风)__10__her.At the end of the week，__11__ an early morning call from her caregiver，“She's passed away.”
The morning after Ilse's__12__，I opened my drawer and read through her__13__she'd insisted I take a year earlier.I stopped when seeing my name.She left me $50，000! But I couldn't__14__what she had left me on myself.Ilse was a friend I'd helped out of sincerity and __15__，not with the expectation of being__16__．I opened an investment account in__17__of her.Over the next 20 years，Ilse's gift grew，__18__giving me opportunities to donate money in her name to a cause she__19__deeply: children.Meeting Ilse made my life __20__absolutely.
语篇解读： 文章讲述了作者在新年招待一位陌生老人，并与老人建立友谊，随后把老人给她的馈赠惠及他人的故事。
1．A.visit B．invite
C．sponsor D．tend
B [根据第一句家人离得远和下文作者给老年中心打电话以及老人到他们家可知，他们决定邀请一个人来家过节。visit“拜访”；invite“邀请”；sponsor“赞助”；tend“照料”。]
2．A.employed B．recognized
C．convinced D．suggested
D [老年中心的人向作者推荐(suggested)了Ilse。employ“雇用”；recognize“认出，承认”；convince“说服”。]
3．A.quiet B．brilliant
C．lovely D．dynamic
A [根据下文中的“talkative and loud spoken.My________ was wrong”可知，作者未见到Ilse之前，猜测她是一位安静、说话轻柔的老太太，但是Ilse到了之后，作者发现她很健谈，嗓门也很大，作者原本的设想是错误的。quiet与talkative，soft spoken与loud spoken形成对比。]
4．A.intention B．worry
C．assumption D．attitude
C [参见上题解析。intention“目的，意图”；worry“担忧”；assumption“设想，假设”；attitude“态度”。]
5．A.stubborn B．lonely
C．strange D．unfortunate
C [根据上文可知，作者他们本来与Ilse不认识，因此，此处表示“这位陌生的(strange)女士感觉像我们的一位老朋友”。stubborn“固执的”；lonely“孤独的”；unfortunate“不幸的”。]
6．A.temporary B．close
C．rare D．loose
B [根据上文中提到的Ilse就像他们的老朋友和下文内容可知，此处指自那以后，他们多年来一直保持亲密的(close)联系。temporary“临时的”；rare“罕见的”；loose“松散的”。]
7．A.ignored B．answered
C．regretted D．missed
D [根据下文中的“The following day，I returned her call”可知，一天晚上作者错过(missed)了Ilse的电话，所以第二天才回电话。]
8．A.remember B．forget
C．catch D．repeat
C [根据语境可知，作者给Ilse回电话，但是她理解不了Ilse说的话，因此她(到Ilse家然后)送Ilse去急诊室。此处考查熟词生义，catch在这里表示“理解，听清楚”。remember“记住”；forget “忘记”；repeat“重复”。]
9．A.emergency B．waiting
C．conference D．living
A [参见上题解析。emergency room“急诊室”；waiting room“等候室”；conference room“会议室”；living room“起居室”。]
10．A.hurt B．attacked
C．faced D．fought
B [医生证实她患了严重的中风。hurt“受伤”；attack“(疾病)侵袭”；face“面对”；fight“与……作斗争”。]
11.A.refused B．expected
C．postponed D．received
D [那周结束的时候，作者一大早接到(received)Ilse护工的电话。refuse“拒绝”；expect“盼望，指望”；postpone“延期”。]
12．A.death B．call
C．recovery D．arrival
A [根据上文中的“She's passed away”可知，Ilse去世了。death“死亡”；call “通话，呼叫”；recovery“恢复，康复”；arrival“到达”。]
13．A.novel B．article
C．will D．newspaper
C [根据上文Ilse去世和下文中的“She left me $50，000”可知，此处指作者读Ilse的遗嘱(will)。此处考查熟词生义，will作名词时，除了表示“毅力，意志”外，还有“遗嘱”之意。]
14．A.spend B．focus
C．impress D．base
A [根据下文对作者行为的描述可知，此处表示作者不能把Ilse留给她的钱都花(spend)在她自己身上。focus“关注”；impress“使留下印象”；base“以……为基础”。]
15．A.interest B．hope
C．curiosity D．respect
D [Ilse是一位作者出于真诚与尊重(respect)而帮助的朋友，作者并没有期待因此得到报酬。interest“利益，兴趣”；hope“希望”；curiosity“好奇心”。]
16．A.recorded B．paid
C．admitted D．praised
B [参见上题解析。record“记录”；pay“付费，付酬”；admit“承认”；praise“表扬，赞扬”。]
17．A.advance B．charge
C．honor D．search
C [为了纪念她，作者开了一个投资账户。in advance of“在……前”；in charge of“负责”；in honor of“为了纪念……”；in search of“寻找”。]
18．A.instantly B．constantly
C．occasionally D．obviously
B [根据上文中的“Over the next 20 years，Ilse's gift grew”可知，作者的投资增长了，这不断地(constantly)给作者机会让作者以Ilse的名义捐钱给Ilse在乎的事业——儿童事业。]
19．A.took on B．gave up
C．set off D．cared about
D [参见上题解析。Ilse非常关注(cared about)儿童事业。take on“呈现，雇用，承担”；give up“放弃”；set off“出发，启程，引爆，激起”。]
20．A.richer B．busier
C．safer D．simpler
A [和Ilse的相遇让作者的生活更加丰富多彩(richer)。]
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2021·广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试一)
Olympic and Paralympic medals for the Tokyo 2020 Games will be made from recycled mobile phones donated by the public.
Olympic host cities have 1.________ (tradition)obtained the metal from mining firms.But Japan，2.________ lacks mineral resources，is keen on taking the theme of a sustainable future a step 3.________(far).
“A project which allows the people of Japan 4.________ (participate) in creating the medals is really good，and helps raise the environmental awareness of our citizens，” said Tokyo 2020 sports 5.________ (direct) Koji Murofushi.“6.________ the resources of our earth are limited，we need to recycle more and avoid waste.This program is setting an example.”
Collection boxes have been placed in local offices and telecom stores and they will remain there until the metal required 7.________ (collect).Members of the organizing committee put forward the idea 8.________ government officials and companies earlier this year and won their support.
As a result，the medals hanging around Olympic winners' necks will carry even more meaning than usual.People's personal memories，once 9.________ (store)in their smartphones and other handheld devices，will take the round shape of an Olympic medal，one of the most precious 10.________ (prize)in sport.
语篇解读： 本文是说明文。对于矿产资源匮乏的日本来讲，利用公众捐赠的被回收利用的手机来制造2020年东京奥运会和残奥会奖牌可谓一举两得。一方面，这节省了资源，避免了浪费；另一方面，这还可以提高公民的环保意识。
1．解析： 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为副词，修饰动词obtained，作状语，所以填traditionally。
答案： traditionally
2．解析： 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为Japan，表示物的概念，所以填which。
答案： which
3．解析： 考查形容词比较级。分析句子结构并根据语境可知，此处考查固定用法take sth a step further“使……更进一步”，应用far的比较级形式，所以填further。
答案： further
4．解析： 考查非谓语动词。allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”是固定搭配，符合语境，不定式在此作宾补，故此处填to participate。
答案： to participate
5．解析： 考查名词。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，空处应为表示职位的名词，所以填director。
答案： director
6．解析： 考查连词。分析句子结构并根据语境可知，空处引导一个原因状语从句，前因后果，所以填As/Because/Since。
答案： As/Because/Since
7．解析： 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知，空处为从句的谓语，与该从句的主语the metal构成被动关系，故用被动语态；又根据连词until和语境可知，此句为时间状语从句，主句时态为一般将来时，故从句应用一般现在时代替一般将来时；另外，本处也可用现在完成时代替将来完成时，又其主语为单数形式，所以填is collected/has been collected。
答案： is collected/has been collected
8．解析： 考查介词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，表示“向”，所以填to。
答案： to
9．解析： 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，全句的谓语动词是will take，所以此处用非谓语动词。又因为store与句子主语People’s personal memories为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用其过去分词形式stored。
答案： stored
10．解析： 考查名词的单复数。结合本句中的“one of”和空前的形容词precious以及语境可知，此处应用可数名词prize的复数形式，所以填prizes。
答案： prizes
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(2020·成都市毕业班第二次诊断检测)
I used to be selfish and only thought of myself. Yet my neighbour was having so much funny with volunteering. He told me that it felt extremely well. I was inspired by him and decided to have try.I hoped to get the same result，for my self?respect is unbelievably low and I felt worth.
We have volunteered for more than two years so far. By volunteering I have been changed my view on myself and this world. When I helped others，I felt need in society. Not only did it build up my confidence，it let others benefited as well.Undoubtedly，volunteering is a great opportunities to improve the whole society.
答案：
I used to be selfish and only thought of myself. Yet my neighbour was having so much with volunteering. He told me that it felt extremely . I was inspired by him and decided to have try.I hoped to get the same result，for my self?respect unbelievably low and I felt ．
have volunteered for more than two years so far. By volunteering I have changed my view on myself and this world. When I helped others，I felt in society. Not only did it build up my confidence，it let others as well.Undoubtedly，volunteering is a great to improve the whole society.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
(2021·云南省七校高考适应性考试三)
假定你是李华，是校英语报的小记者。近期你校组织开展了为期一周的“劳动最光荣”(Labor Is the Most Glorious)活动。请你写一篇报道介绍一下这次活动，内容包括：
1．活动目的；2.活动内容；3.收获。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：
In order to raise the students' awareness of the significance of labor and arouse their passion for labor，our school has recently carried out an activity—Labor Is the Most Glorious，which lasted for one week.
Firstly，our school organized us students to plant trees in and around the campus and in the suburbs.What's more，we were asked to participate in some voluntary work after class，such as helping the elder do the cleaning.Besides，we shared housework with our parents，relieving their burden.
Through this activity，we have not only realized the value of labor but also learned to respect all laborers.Meanwhile，our physical health has been greatly improved.
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