北京市昌平区2021-2022学年高三上学期期末质量抽测英语试卷 （Word版含答案，无听力部分）

昌平区 2021-2022 学年第一学期高三年级期末质量抽测
英 语 试 卷
本试卷共 8 页，共 100 分。考试时长 90 分钟。考生务必在答题卡区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分、知识运用 （共两节，30 分）
第一节： 完形填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
After I lost my right hand in a car accident ten years ago, I thought I would never be able to lead a normal life again. I was equipped with an artificial hand, but it did not feel like a part of me. Even 1 things like getting dressed were unbelievably difficult. Three months ago, 2 , all that changed when I was given the 3 to test a new robotic hand.
Scientists have been making great progress in robotic technology in recent years, and their work on robotic limbs(四肢) has really changed my life. With my new hand, I can move my individual fingers and 4 very small things, like pens and pencils. More 5 , my robotic hand is capable of 6 varying degrees of pressure, just like a 7 hand.
Over the past three months I have been testing out the 8 of what I can do with my new hand, and it constantly surprises me. I have rediscovered hobbies I enjoyed before my accident. For example, I have been cooking for my family since I got my new hand. Not only can I do more, but I also feel more 9 when I hang out with friends. And now I'm so 10 for all the new possibilities my robotic hand has opened up.
1. A. strange B. simple C. interesting D. important
2. A. however B. instead C. thus D. moreover
3. A. space B. power C. chance D. method
4. A. grasp B. draw C. balance D. afford
5. A. casually B. amazingly C. obviously D. seriously
6. A. examining B. touching C. reaching D. feeling
7. A. new B. real C. special D. strong
8. A. limits B. ways C. rules D. behaviors
9. A. curious B. energetic C. confident D. anxious
10. A. suitable B. regretful C. responsible D. grateful
第二节： 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
Naomi Watts, one of Hollywood’s greatest 11 (star) , was born in England on 28th September, 1968. At seven she 12 (begin) to follow her mother and her brother around England until in 1982 they settled in Australia where Naomi persuaded her mother to let her take acting classes. After bit parts in commercials, she landed her first role in For Love Alone. Later her part in the film Mulholland Drive showed her strong acting ability, and earned 13 (she) much respect.
B
One way to improve your learning is through critical thinking, 14 is a necessary skill. The easiest way 15 (learn) to think critically is to force yourself to question everything. I still remember when I was at university, my classmates and I 16 (encourage) to challenge each other and our professors. It could be very challenging, but it was a way of developing critical thinking. So try to develop your power of critical thinking. And don’t believe everything you read or see. Think for yourself.
C
Some animal species 17 (develop) amazingly complicated ways of communicating with one another since they appeared on the planet. But there are huge differences 18 the ways animals communicate and the ways human beings do. When animals make a sound, such as a bark or a call, it is reaction to 19 is happening around them. An alarm call means they are 20 (frighten). A hunger call means they want food. Animals, though, cannot make a call meaning “I was scared yesterday.” or “I’ll be hungry tomorrow.” Only human beings are capable of doing this.
第二部分、 阅读理解 (共两节，38 分)
第一节 （共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Although a popular choice for heating our homes, gas boilers are filled with problems. Lack of room-by-room control means you could be left cold and unhappy, meanwhile possibly polluting the environment with harmful gases. The inefficiency of gas heaters could also cost you hundreds of pounds in repairs.
The Future is Electric
The Fischer EB is an electric boiler that has been built with the future in mind. With no need for outside water tanks, the Fischer EB is a modern and efficient heating solution to replace your outdated heating. Made from a special steel, Fischer EB is built to last and simple to operate. And with no additional need for servicing, you can enjoy peace of mind knowing there is no risk of your boiler breaking down.
Complete Control
Fischer EB comes with a wireless thermostat（恒温计） that has been designed for easy and simple use. Program your Fischer EB boiler to make sure you are getting the right temperature when you need it. No wasted heat, no wasted energy and no more fear when the weather takes a turn for the worse. At the touch of a button you will experience the warmth and comfort of Fischer EB.
Make a difference to the environment
Fischer Electric Boilers run only on electricity, meaning if you are supplied with renewable energy you can heat your home without worrying about any harmful gases or pollutants. Installation(安装) is easy and simple. You can relax when knowing there is no need for maintaining or service.
A cleaner future
Act now! Apply an energy efficient Fischer Electric boiler and replace your huge, inefficient gas or oil boiler. Benefit from controllability and comfort this winter.
You can learn more about Fischer EB by calling 0800 1032 672 or by visiting the website at: www..
21. The Fischer EB is environmental friendly mainly because ______.
A. it costs less money in repairs
B. it runs only on electricity
C. it’s simple to operate
D. it’s easy to maintain
22. With a Fischer EB, people can control the temperature by ______.
A. using a special steel
B. installing a water tank
C. adding an extra button
D. programming the boiler
23. The purpose of the passage is to______.
A. find an applicant
B. share a technology
C. promote a product
D. introduce a service
B
As 17-year-old Norwood drove through St. Petersburg, Florida, last February, the laughter and chatter from the four teenage girls inside her car quickly gave way to screams. As they approached a crossroad, another car T-boned them, sending their black car sailing into the yard of a nearby house, coming to a stop only when it crashed into a tree.
As smoke rose from the other car, a bystander shouted, “It’s about to blow up! Get out!” The impact had caved in Norwood’s driver’s side door, jamming it shut. Shaken, but still OK, she crawled out through the window. Along with two of her friends, who'd also managed to free themselves, she ran for her life.
But halfway down the street, she realized that her best friend, Simmons, wasn't with them. Norwood ran back to the seriously damaged car and found Simmons lying in the back seat. “She wasn't moving,” Norwood told the reporter. She threw open the back door and pulled her friend out, avoiding the broken glass as best she could. She dragged Simmons a few feet to safety and laid her on the ground. “I checked her pulse.”Nothing. “I put my head against her chest.” No sign of life. “That's when I started CPR.”
If the accident had happened a few weeks earlier, she might not have known what to do. But Norwood, who wants to pursue a career in medicine, had earned her CPR certificate just the day before. Kneeling on the lawn and looking down at her dying friend, Norwood knew she had precious little time to practice what she'd learned.
She started pressing Simmons's chest with her crossed fingers and breathing into her friend's mouth in hopes of filling her lungs with the kiss of life. No response. And then, after the 30th press, Simmons began coughing and gasping for air. The CPR had worked!
Soon, an ambulance arrived and rushed Simmons to the hospital, where she received stitches (缝合) for a wound in her forehead. And then she heard how her best friend had saved her life. “I wasn't shocked,” said Simmons. “She will always help any way she can."
24. On a day of last February, Norwood and her friends ______.
A. witnessed a crash
B. drove into a house
C. ran into an accident
D. got stuck in a traffic jam
25. Norwood ran back to the damaged car just in order to ______.
A. practice CPR B. help her friend out
C. open the back door D. stop the explosion
26. Which of the following words can best describe Norwood
A. Brave. B. Creative. C. Ambitious. D. Optimistic.
27. What’s the best title of the passage
A. Pursuit of dream B. Breath of life
C. Recovery from injury D. Loss of memory
C
The term “Pygmalion effect” was coined in reference to studies done in the 1960s on the influence of teacher expectations on students’ IQs. The studies asked if teachers had high expectations, would those expectations become self-fulfilling prophecies（预言）regardless of initial IQ In that particular case, years of debate and analysis have resulted in the conclusion that the effects were negligible.
However, the concept of the Pygmalion effect—expectations influencing performance and becoming self-fulfilling prophecies(预言)—is widespread. Many people have stories of achieving something just because someone had especially high expectations of them.
The Pygmalion effect suggests our reality is negotiable and can be influenced by others — on purpose or by accident. What we achieve, how we think, how we act, and how we perceive our capabilities can be affected by the expectations of those around us.
An interesting use of the Pygmalion effect might be that suggested by George Bernard Shaw's play Pygmalion. In it, Professor Henry Higgins takes a poor flower seller from the streets, Eliza Doolittle, and by giving her lessons helps her sound like a duchess(公爵夫人). Being able to speak like a member of the upper classes is meant to open doors and give her opportunities that she would otherwise never have. Eliza finally appears to be a duchess as Higgins wishes. The expectations people have of us affect us in countless subtle(微妙的) ways each day. Like Eliza Doolittle, those expectations affect the opportunities we are offered, how we are spoken to, and the praise and criticism we receive.
Individually, these may have minimal impact. In the long run, however, they might decide whether we succeed or fail or fall somewhere on the range in between.
The Pygmalion effect is best understood as a reminder to be mindful of the potential influence of our expectations. Even if the effect is small, having high expectations in many situations can only inspire others regarding their own capabilities. People’s limitations can be stretched if you change your perception of their limitations. A lot of what we accomplish in life is done in groups. If you want the people around you to have success, you can try raising your expectations. If you expect the worst, you’ll probably get it.
28. What does the underlined word “negligible” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A. Slight. B. Unusual. C. Important. D. Shocking.
29. What can we learn from the passage about the Pygmalion effect
A. It works better in individuals than in groups.
B. It takes effect only in the field of education.
C. It stresses people’s expectations on others.
D. It can increase people’s initial IQ.
30. The author illustrates the use of the Pygmalion effect in Paragraph 4 mainly by______.
A. making a comparison
B. providing an example
C. introducing an approach
D. presenting an assumption
D
It’s a typical morning you wake up, take a shower, brush your teeth, and then stick your arm with a tiny needle. Wait, what Unless you have a serious disease such as diabetes, you probably haven't ever tested your own blood. But in the future, that might change.
The company Cor already sells a system for home blood testing. You stick your arm using a supposedly painless, throwaway, blood-drawing cartridges（针筒） about the size of a lipstick. Then you stick the cartridge into a device that looks like the base for an electric toothbrush. A few minutes later, an app on your phone buzzes with updated information, including your current health state and tips on what to eat and how to exercise during the day. “Health is the most important thing we have. So why nottrack it as often, and as well as possible ” says Cor’s company website.
It's true that blood contains a wealth of information about a person's health. Specific test can reveal if a person is infected with a disease or at risk for a variety of problems, including a heart attack or a stroke. But most people don’t test their own blood until a doctor says it’s time. Healthy young adults get routine blood tests about every five years. These tests happen at a lab, where a technician or a nurse jabs a long needle into the arm to draw out several tubes full of blood.
Cor and similar companies, such as Wellness FX, are trying to change all that. They think people deserve access to more information about their own health.
But not everyone is convinced that regular blood testing for healthy people is a great idea. Cor’s system is expensive and may not offer much benefit. “The best-case situation here is you lose your money and then you're reminded to get more sleep and to eat more fruits, vegetables, and fish,” Pieter Cohen of Harvard Medical School told the reporter. “The worst case of situation is that you end up getting alarmed by supposedly abnormal results that are actually completely normal for you.”
Plus, the results of a home blood test might be wrong. It's hard to get accurate results from a tiny amount of blood. One company, Theranos, said it could perform medical blood tests on a finger-prick's worth of blood. But the company was soon stuck in a debate and accused of cheat because its technology didn't seem to work as promised.
What do you think Is monitoring your own health by pinpricks(针刺) the way of the future Or is it better to leave blood testing to medical professionals
31. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A. Why the home blood testing system should be applied.
B. What can be done with the home blood testing system.
C. Who might use the home blood testing system.
D. How the home blood testing system works.
32. Some doubt regular home blood testing mainly because it might ______.
A. provide people with misleading information
B. lead people to a risk for various problems
C. track people’s private information online
D. cost people a large amount of money
33. What can we infer from the passage
A. It’s possible to have home blood test every day in the future.
B. Home blood test can provide accurate result to cure diseases.
C. Healthy young people needn’t have home blood test very often.
D. The company Cor often misleads people by giving false results.
34. What is author’s attitude towards home blood tests
A. Supportive. B. Negative. C. Doubtful. D. Objective.
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Waking Up an Hour Earlier Can Help Fight Depression
Adequate（充足的）sleep is essential for maintaining good physical and mental health. Now, new research has revealed that good health also depends on sleep schedules. In fact, waking up an hour earlier is generally found to help prevent or fight against major depression.
This discovery was made in a study conducted by researchers from the University of Colorado in 2021. They found that waking up an hour earlier helps people who usually get up later improve their mood. 35
This research adds to other similar studies which suggested that early risers tend to be healthier. At the same time, the fact that waking up an hour earlier improves the mood is associated with enjoying more hours of sunshine to a large extent.
The study started from the assumption that if people go to bed an hour earlier, they'll also wake up an hour earlier. Based on this idea, the researchers came to the conclusion that if people who go to bed at 3 am, decide to go to bed at 2 am, their risk of suffering from depression is reduced by 23 percent. 36
37 Generally they assumed that it's because daylight generates a large amount of hormonal(荷尔蒙的) impacts that affect mood. However, experts do not rule out (排除) the idea that non-early risers have a certain mismatch with social rhythms. This is because we live in a society that focuses more on daytime activities. 38 In fact, being a night owl effectively means giving up a "normal life".
However, the study indicates that all of this is assumption. 39 In this way, they can continue to work out the reasons why waking up an hour earlier can have such an impact on depression.
A. The experts, though, didn't fully understand the reasons.
B. It can also reduce the risk of developing major depression.
C. However, waking up one hour earlier causes some problems.
D. For this reason, experts stress the need for new and extensive research.
E. Sometimes they become energetic the next day when they have enough sleep.
F. If they went to bed at 1 am, the risk reduction could be as much as 40 percent.
G. Therefore, not keeping with that social rhythm can cause certain feelings of inadequacy.
第三部分、 书面表达（共两节，32 分)
第一节：（共 4 小题；第 40、41 题各 2 分，第 42 题 3 分，第 43 题 5 分， 共 12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
We all know how to enjoy our food --- a snack or a ten-course meal. However, have you thought of what happens after a dish has been served to the dinner The ideal picture would be this: the chef sees empty plates returned to the kitchen after the meal. Sadly, this is not a common sight. Instead, you always find a mountain of leftovers in the waste bins after dinner.
The Environmental Club is aware of this “crime” being committed here, too. The proof is in the canteen waste bins. You can see unfinished food there and on plates left on tables almost every day. This irresponsible deed cannot be forgiven. It reflects that little thought has been put in preventing food waste.
Let’s learn from a Michelin-star chef who says that he will always respect the fish he cooks. Why Simply because he recognizes the sacrifices and dangers which the fisherman constantly faces in order to supply the fish to him. Therefore, by not wasting any part of the fish, and by cooking excellently every time, the chef is appreciating the fisherman’s efforts.
Similarly, we should respect and appreciate our food more. Just think of the poor and homeless people who have not eaten for days due to a war or a natural disaster that may have wiped out homes and families. Wouldn’t it be good if we shared our food, instead of throwing away what we can’t finish
There are also some non-profit organizations, like “The Soup Kitchen”, “Food From the Heart” distribute(分配) free food to low-income families. They have volunteers collecting donations in cash and distributing bags of food.
However, these are far to reduce food waste. It is hopeful to see every one playing a part to stop waste, respect food, and share the joy of living well through giving food to those in need.
40. What is the common sight after dinner according to the author
41. What does the “irresponsible deed” reflect in paragraph 2
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The Michelin-star chef appreciates the fisherman’s efforts by selecting the best part of the fish and by cooking excellently every time.
43. Please list your ways to avoid wasting food in your daily life. (In about 40 words)
第二节：书面表达（20 分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友 Jim 现住在北京城区，打算本周末到郊区游览，请你写一封邮件，为他推荐一个景点，内容包括：
1.景点名称；
2.推荐理由；
3.出行方式。
注意：1.词数 100 左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词： scenic spot 景点
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
昌平区 2021-2022 学年第一学期高三年级期末英语
参考答案及评分标准
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30 分）
第一节：完形填空（每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
1-5: BACAB 6-10: DBACD
第二节：语法填空（共 10 小题：每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
11. stars （名词复数）
12. began（时态）
13. her （人称代词）
14. which （定语从句）
15. to learn（非谓语）
16. were encouraged （时态语态）
17. have developed/have been developing （时态语态）
18. between (介词)
19. what（名词性从句）
20. frightened （非谓语）
第二部分：阅读理解（共 19 小题；每小题 2 分，共 38分）
第一节 （共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分）
21-23: BDC 24-27: CBAB 28-30: ACB 31-34: DAAD
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
35-39: BFAGD
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32 分）
第一节（共 4 小题；40、41 题各 2 分，第 42 题 3 分，第 43 题 5 分， 共 12 分）
40. People always find a mountain of leftovers in the waste bins.
评分标准：回答出关键信息 leftovers 和 in the waste bins 可得 2 分。
41. It shows that little thought has been put in preventing food waste.
评分标准：回答出关键信息即可得 2 分。
42. The Michelin-star chef appreciates the fisherman’s efforts by selecting the best part of the fish and by cooking excellently every time.
The chef appreciates the fisherman’s efforts by not wasting any part of the fish and by cooking excellently every time.
43. 略。
1.景点名称；
2.推荐理由；
3.出行方式。
One possible version:
Dear Jim,
How’re you doing I’m very glad to hear that you’re going to visit a scenic spot in the suburb. Well, I’d like to introduce you a very famous one, the Juyongguan Great Wall, in the north west of Beijing city.
First of all, it has a long history of over 700 years. You can touch the ancient brick walls when walking around there. Besides, you can also stand high and enjoy a beautiful view of the whole scenic spot, which must be a unique experience. Above all, it’s quite convenient to be there, and you can arrive there within two hours by driving or taking bus. Anyway, it’s a great place to see. Enjoy your trip then.
Yours,
Li Hua