第六讲 代词
A组 单句语法填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Data about the moon's composition，such as how much ice and other treasures it contains，could help China decide whether ________ (it)plans for a future lunar (月球的)base are practical.
解析： 考查代词。此处表示“它的计划”，故用形容词性物主代词its。
答案： its
2．(2020·新高考山东卷)As well as looking at exhibits，visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟)and imagine ________(they)living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
解析： 考查反身代词。根据语境可知，主语visitors发出的动作imagine作用于自身，此处应用反身代词形式，故答案为themselves。
答案： themselves
3．(2020·北京卷)She recognized ________(I)potential and showed me that I could write with creativity and enthusiasm.
解析： 考查代词。分析句子结构可知，此处的potential是名词，意为“潜力”，故此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填my。
答案： my
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other，I was just glad to find________(they)alive.
解析： 考查代词之人称代词。分析句子结构可知，此处要用代词作find的宾语，故要用人称代词的宾格。they的宾格为them。
答案： them
5．(2018·浙江卷)Many westerners who/that come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap________can be to eat out.
解析： 分析句子结构可知，该宾语从句是it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正主语的句子。
答案： it
B组 单句改错
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)I tell my mom that if we're forced to eat things，we may become ill.But he insists on us eating healthy food.
解析： 代词误用。此处指代my mom，应用she。
答案： he→she
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China.See you sooner.
解析： 代词误用。动名词前面通常使用形容词性物主代词或者代词的宾格作它的逻辑主语。
答案： yours→your/you
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)From then on，I started to play my football with classmates after school.I am a good player now.
解析： play football踢足球。
答案： 去掉my
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ短文改错)In the cafe，customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment that is created for them.
解析： 此处指代主语customers，要用themselves。
答案： yourselves→themselves
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As a kid，I loved to watch cartoons，but no matter how many times I asked to watch them，my parents would not let me.They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.
解析： 由上下文可知，谈话的宾语是“我”，故改为人称代词的宾格me。
答案： us→me
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Mr and Mrs Zhang all work in our school.
解析： 主语只有两个人，应用both作同位语或删掉all。all指三者或三者以上。
答案： all→both或去掉all
7．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Some of us were confident and eager to take part in the class activity；others were nervous and anxious.I had done myself homework，but I was shy.
解析： 词法错误。do one's/the homework为固定搭配，意为“做家庭作业”。
答案： myself→my/the
8．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)The first time I went there，they were living in a small house with dogs，ducks，and another animals.
解析： 此处表示“有狗、鸭子，还有其他的动物”，所以应该用other。
答案： another→other
1．人称代词与物主代词
类别 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
主格(作主语) I we you you he she it they
宾格(作宾语) me us you you him her it them
形容词性物主代词(作定语) my our your your his her its their
名词性物主代词(作主语、表语或宾语) mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs
She was beautiful and could run faster than others.
她(那时)很美并且比其他人跑得快。
Give me a challenge，and I will meet it with joy.
给我一个挑战，我会欣然接受。
He invited some friends of his to attend his birthday party.
他邀请了他的一些朋友参加他的生日宴会。
2．反身代词
(1)构成：第一、二人称反身代词是由形容词性物主代词加“ self”(复数加 selves)构成。第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格形式加 self(复数加 selves)构成。
数人称 单 数 复 数
第一人称 myself ourselves
第二人称 yourself yourselves
第三人称 himself/herself/itself themselves
(2)句法功能：反身代词在句中作宾语、表语或同位语
I sincerely hope you will enjoy yourself at the coming evening party.
我真诚地希望你在即将到来的晚会上玩得开心。
(3)反身代词的习惯用法
adapt oneself to 适应
dress oneself 自己穿衣
occupy oneself with 忙于
behave yourself 举止规矩有礼
devote oneself to 致力于
apply oneself to 专心致志于
help oneself to 随便吃/用
enjoy oneself 玩得开心
seat oneself 就座，入席
make yourself at home 别客气
teach oneself 自学
adapt/adjust oneself to 适应于
(2017·浙江卷6月)“She thought I had hurt myself，”says Pahlsson.
“她以为我伤到我自己了。”Pahlsson说。
3．指示代词this，that，these，those的用法
指示代词 用法
this/these 指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物；this也可指下文将要谈到的人或物，起启下的作用
that/those 指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物；that也可指上文提到过的人或物，起承上的作用
What I want to say is this：you should grasp every minute to finish your work.
我想说的是：你应该抓住每一分钟来完成你的工作。
4．不定代词
(1)the other指两者中的另一个，表示特指。
There are two pens here.One is his，and the other is Tom's.这儿有两支钢笔，一支是他的，另一支是汤姆的。
(2)other作前置定语，修饰可数名词复数，不可单独使用，表示泛指，意为“另外的，其他的”。
We study English，maths，Chinese and other subjects.
我们学习英语、数学、语文以及别的学科。
(3)others泛指“其他人”或“其他物”，常用结构：some...others...；而the others表示特定范围中的“另外的全部”。
Some like staying at home at the weekend；others like going to the cinema.
一些人喜欢周末待在家里，另一些人喜欢去看电影。
(4)another泛指同类的人或物，指三者或三者以上的另一个，可单独使用或在其后加可数名词单数。
I don't like this book.Please give me another one.
我不喜欢这本书，请再给我一本。
5．不定代词both，all，either，any，neither，none
都 任何一个 都不(全部否定) 部分否定
两者 both either neither＝not either both和not连用
三者或三者以上 all any none＝not any all和not连用
Niki is always full of ideas，but none is useful to my knowledge.
Niki总是很有想法，但据我所知没一个是有用的。
(单句语法填空/单句改错)
1．(2021·四川绵阳第二次诊断)The young policeman was touched by ________(they)loss and sadness，and said that he was more than willing to act as their son.
解析： 考查代词。句意：这位年轻的警察被他们的失子之痛所触动……根据空后的loss and sadness(名词短语)可知，该空应填形容词性物主代词作定语。故填their。
答案： their
2．(2021·南昌一模)The village of Zhouzhuang in Jiangsu calls ________(it)“the oldest water town in China”．
解析： 考查反身代词。句意：江苏周庄自称“中国最古老的水乡”。用反身代词itself作calls的宾语。
答案： itself
3．(2021·安徽六校第二次联考)It falls on the first Saturday in April.________(it)aim is to honor and celebrate America's children and stress the importance of love as they grow up.
解析： 考查代词。句意：该节日的目的是对美国儿童表示庆祝，让人们重视“爱中成长”的重要性。设空处修饰名词aim，联系上两句可知，此处表示此节日的目的，表示所属关系，指物，故用形容词性物主代词，又因设空处在句首，首字母要大写，故填Its。
答案： Its
4．(2021·济南市高三质量评估)The scientists say an area of the brain assigns memories to smells and stores ________ (they)for decades.
解析： 考查代词。此处应用they的宾格形式作动词smells和stores的宾语。故填them。
答案： them
5．(2021·湖南长郡中学检测)However，quite a few others，especially________in the countryside，would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness”．
解析： 考查代词。根据语境可知，空处指那些在农村地区的人，表示复数，故填代词those。
答案： those
6．(2021·丽水二模)This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.
解析： 根据前面的“me”可知，指的是“我的(中学时代)”。故把your改成my。
答案： your→my
7．(2021·九江市联考)About two years ago，I worked hard and entered a local key school，which my parents were proud of it.
解析： which引导定语从句，在从句中作be proud of的宾语，故it多余。
答案： 去掉it
8．(2021·湖北八校第一次联考)I suddenly realized I had grown up and that I had to look after me and live independently.
解析： 考查反身代词。与句子主语I呼应，应用反身代词作宾语，look after myself意为“照顾好我自己”。
答案： me→myself
1．it作人称代词的用法
(1)it用作人称代词，用来指代事物或上文提到过的内容。
The Smiths bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.史密斯一家买了一套新房子，但是在入住之前有大量的工作要做。
(2)it指时间、距离、天气等。
It's about 112 miles from London to Birmingham.
从伦敦到伯明翰大约有112英里。
2．用于某些句型
It's (about/high)time＋that 从句 某人(早)该做某事了(从句谓语用过去时，有时也用“should＋动词原形”)
It's the first/second...time＋that sb.has/have done
这是某人第几次做某事
It's＋时间段＋since 从句 自从……有多长时间了
It's＋时间段＋before 从句 过了多长时间才……
As far as I know，it is 8 years since his father passed away.
据我所知，自从他父亲去世已经八年了。
3．it作形式主语(宾语)的用法
it常作形式主语(宾语)，替代动词不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。
(1)it作形式主语的句型
①It＋be＋adj.＋(for sb.)to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词有：easy，difficult，hard，necessary，unnecessary，possible等。
As far as I'm concerned，it's necessary to have a good command of English.
就我个人看来，掌握英语是必要的。
②It＋be＋adj.＋of sb.to do sth.此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有：kind，nice，wise，silly，polite，impolite，friendly，foolish，clever等。
It is silly of you to give up such a good chance.
放弃这么好的一次机会你真傻。
③It＋be＋n.(＋for sb./sth.)＋to do sth.用于此句型的名词(短语)有：pity，shame，pleasure，fun，joy，good manners，bad manners等。
It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats for the old.年轻人占据老年人座位没有礼貌。
④It＋be＋adj./n.＋doing sth.用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)常见的有：no/little use，no/much good，useless，fun等。
It is no good living alone without keeping in touch with others.
独居而不和他人来往没有好处。(it作形式主语，动名词短语living alone without...为真正的主语)
⑤It＋be＋n./adj.＋主语从句。在“It is natural/necessary/important/strange＋that从句”中，从句的谓语动词常用“should＋动词原形”，且should可以省略。
It's necessary and important that we should master the skills of operating computers.
我们应该掌握电脑操作技术，这有必要而且非常重要。
(2)it作形式宾语的情况
①主语＋believe/find/feel/think/guess/suppose/make＋it＋adj./n.＋不定式/动名词/从句。
No matter where he is，he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
不管在哪里，他养成了早餐前散步的习惯。
②某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用it，然后接从句，有此用法的动词(短语)：like，dislike，hate，appreciate，depend on，rely on，count on等。
I would appreciate it if you could take my suggestion into consideration.如果你考虑我的建议我将感激不尽。
I hate it when someone makes a mess of my learning materials on my desk.
我讨厌有人把我桌子上的学习材料弄得乱七八糟的。
(单句语法填空)
1．(2021·合肥市高三第一次质量检测)________ took artist Guo Feng two months to complete the black and white painting named Yongsheng in Chinese，meaning living forever.
解析： 考查代词。分析句子结构可知，该句真正的主语为“to complete the...meaning living forever”，空处作形式主语，所以填It。
答案： It
2．(2021·岳阳市质量检测二)It's no surprise that smartwatches are so popular nowadays—________ seems that everyone wants to buy one!
解析： 考查代词。句意：智能手表如今如此流行一点都不奇怪——仿佛每个人都想买一块智能手表。“It seems that...”为固定句式，意为“仿佛……”，it在该句式中作形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语，故填it。
答案： it
3．(2021·安庆市二模)Every new year in the heartland of industrial China，thousands upon thousands of motorcyclists brave the weather and hit the road，determined to make ________ home.
解析： 考查代词。句意：每年春节，在中国工业的中心地带，成千上万的骑摩托的人不畏寒冷的天气，骑摩托上路，下定决心回家。make it to sp.为固定搭配，意为“成功到某地”，home为副词，不与介词连用，make it home意为“成功到家”，故填it。
答案： it
4．(2021·东营市一模)________ is generally acknowledged that young people from poorer socio economic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system.
解析： 考查代词。句意：人们普遍认为，在我们的教育体制里，社会经济背景不佳的年轻人往往会表现欠佳。it作形式主语，“that young people from poorer socio economic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system”为主语从句，是真正的主语。
答案： It
5．(2020·太原市高三年级模拟三)For example，________ is illegal to feed pigeons on the streets of San Francisco.
解析： 考查代词。此处应用it作形式主语，真正的主语为to feed pigeons on the streets of San Francisco，所以填it。
答案： it
6．(2021·豫南九校第一次联考)But today's clothing industry has made________easier for people to keep up with changes in fashion without having to spend a great amount of money.
解析： 考查代词。句意：但今天的服装业使得人们不用花很多钱就能更容易地跟上时尚的变化。分析句子成分可知，本句中真正的宾语是动词不定式短语to keep up with changes in fashion...，设空处是形式宾语，故填it。
答案： it
7．(2021·安庆模拟)He admitted that when ________came to repairing a computer，he had little knowledge of it.
解析： 考查代词。句意：他承认，当说到维修电脑时，他对此一无所知。when it comes to...意为“当说到……”，为固定句型，故填it。
答案： it
熟记代词固定搭配
both...and... 两者都……
neither...nor... 既不……也不……
either...or... 或者……或者……
for one thing...for another... 一则……再则……
It takes sb.some time to do sth. 花费某人时间做某事
As a matter of fact，it takes great courage to tell the truth.
事实上，说实话需要很大的勇气。
(单句语法填空)
1．(2021·福州期末)And the hutong today is fading into the shade for________tourists and local people.
解析： 考查固定搭配。both...and...为固定搭配，意为“两者都……”。
答案： both
2．(2021·洛阳市第一次统考)The tour guide told us there were almost 8，700 rooms in the Palace Museum.During the Ming Dynasty，construction began in 1406.________took 14 years to build the Forbidden City.
解析： 考查固定句型。“It takes sb.time to do sth.”为固定句型，意为“花费某人多长时间做某事”，故此处应用It作形式主语。
答案： It
3．(2021·广州调研)Microbes can't survive on________(they)own.They need food.
解析： 考查代词。on one's own为固定用法，意为“单独地，独自地”。
答案： their
4．(2021·泰安模拟)As far as I am concerned，cycling is a good solution.For one thing，bicycles don't need any petrol and they are energy saving.For________，bicycles are environmentally friendly because they won't give off waste gas.
解析： 句意为：在我看来，骑自行车是一个不错的解决方案。一方面，自行车不需要汽油，并且节能；另一方面，自行车也很环保，因为它们不会释放任何废气。for one thing，for another表示“一方面，另一方面”。
答案： another
PAGE
11介词
单句语法填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)The artist was finally humbled(谦卑)by the greatest artist ________ earth，Mother Nature.
解析： 考查固定搭配。on earth“在世界上”。
答案： on
2．(2020·新高考山东卷)Museums must compete ________ people's spare time and money with other amusements.
解析： 考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表达的是“为了人们的空闲时间和金钱与其他的娱乐活动进行竞争”，compete for“为……竞争”，故应用介词for。
答案： for
3．(2020·浙江卷7月)Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ________，through agriculture.
解析： 考查介词。live in是固定词组，表示“在……地方生活”，故填in。
答案： in
4．(2020·浙江卷1月)This aging of the population is driven ________two factors.
解析： 考查介词。 空处位于表示被动的动词后，故应该填by。
答案： by
5．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods________tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid 1980s，and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.
解析： 考查介词。a method of/for doing sth.“做某事的方法”。
答案： of/for
6．(2019·北京卷)First celebrated ________1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区).
解析： 考查介词。在1970年，应用介词in。在年、月和季节前，用介词in。
答案： in
7．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack________ dogs，seven to be exact.
解析： 考查介词。a pack of是固定搭配，意为“一群……”。
答案： of
8．(2019·浙江卷)But can uniforms help improve school standards？The answer________ this question is not clear.
解析： 考查固定搭配中介词的使用。the answer to...“……的答案”。
答案： to
1．at，in，on表示时间
(1)at表示某一时刻
at 12：00(在12点)，at noon(在中午)，at night(在夜里)，at midnight(在半夜)，at dawn/daybreak(在黎明，破晓)，at sunrise/sunset(在日出/日落)，at dusk(在黄昏)。
(2)in指上午、下午及晚上或月、年等较长的时间
in the 1980's/1980s，in the Qing Dynasty，in October，in the morning/afternoon/evening。
(3)on用于表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间(如：某日、某节日、星期几等)
on October 1st，on a rainy day，on National Day，on the morning of July 3rd。
2．by，before，after，until/till，during，within表示时间
(1)by到……时(为止)
(2)before在……以前
(3)after在……后
(4)until/till直到……为止
(5)during在……期间
(6)within在……之内
He often falls asleep during the class，which makes his teacher very angry.
他常常上课睡觉，这使他的老师很生气。
3．between，among表示“在……之间”
between指“在……之间(两者之间)”，常和and连用；among表示“在……之间(三者或三者以上)”。
Keep the close relationship between teachers and students.
保持亲密的师生关系。
4．by，in，on，with表示“使用……工具、手段、方式等”
(1)by表示“乘，坐(交通工具)”或“通过……方式”；
(2)in当“用”讲时，后常接表示语言、材料等的词；
(3)with表示使用某种具体的工具、手段等。
①by bike，by taxi，by plane，by ship
②go to school on my bike，on foot
Her parents always talk to her in German.
她的父母总是用德语和她交谈。
We see with our eyes，hear with our ears，and walk with our legs.我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听，用腿走路。
5．about，on表示“关于”
about多用于表示内容比较普通、不太正式的情形，on多指内容属于专门性的，是严肃的或学术性的，有时两者可通用。
He gave a report on/about the international situation at the meeting.
他在会上做了一个关于国际形势的报告。
6．from，since表示时间
(1)from表示开始的时间，译为“从……开始”，多用于“from...to/till”结构中；
(2)since表示“自……以后，从……以来”。
We work from Monday to Friday every week.
我们每周从周一工作到周五。
I haven't heard from him since last year.
自从去年，我就没有收到过他的来信。
7．with的常见用法
(表示关系)和……一起；(表示状态)具有，带有；(表示方式)用……，凭借……；(表示原因)由于，因为。
Would you like to go to the theatre with us
你愿意和我们一起去看戏吗？
The small child trembled with fear.
那个小孩吓得打哆嗦。
8．for的用法
表示“为了；给，对(表示对象、用途等)；因为，由于；向，往(表示去向)；就……而言”。
The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education.
我们大多数人最关心的是大众教育的质量问题。
9．without的用法
表示“没有，缺乏；不和……在一起；不用，不拿，不带”。
It is a pity that David is away on business.Anyhow，you've got a great deal of time to tour in New York without him.
很遗憾，大卫出差了。不管怎样，你有大量时间可以单独在纽约游览。
10．against的用法
(表示方位)倚靠着……；(表示态度)反对；(表示对比)以……为背景。
An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.
看来意见达成一致是不可能了，因为大多数委员会成员都表示反对。
11．beyond的用法
(表示位置)在……另一边，在……更远处；(表示程度)超出，非……所能及。
Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story.
听了她感人的故事，大家都被感动得无以言表。
(单句语法填空/单句改错)
1．(2021·广州市综合检测)He even received a medal ________ the Chinese government for his conservation efforts.
解析： 考查介词。结合语境可知，空处表示来源，所以填from。
答案： from
2．(2021·福州市高三毕业班适应性练习)The United States Geological Survey estimates that bats' contributions ________pest management save the country roughly 3.7 billion dollars per year.
解析： 考查介词。此处表示蝙蝠对害虫管理的贡献，所以填介词to。
答案： to
3．(2021·成都市高中毕业班第三次诊断)If so，________ those who enjoy hiking，now it could be the last chance to experience an undeveloped part of Southeast Asia before it joins its neighbors in boosting its tourism.
解析： 考查介词。此处表示“对于那些喜欢徒步旅行的人”，故填for。
答案： for
4．(2021·山西省重点中学高三联考)Lin said people from different age groups come to her classes ________ different purposes.
解析： 考查介词。此处表示不同年龄段的人带着不同的目的来上她的课。purpose“目的，意图”前通常用介词for。
答案： for
5．(2021·河南郑州一中六次测试)Most caves are formed ________nature under the ground，but some have entrances people can find.
解析： 句意为：大部分洞窟是在地下自然形成的，但有些洞窟的入口人们可以发现。by nature为固定搭配，意为“天然地”，故填介词by。
答案： by
6．(2021·东北三省四市高考模拟一)It is known that as the development of economy，the number of cars is increasingly growing in our daily life.
解析： 介词误用。with the development of...意为“随着……的发展”，而as作介词时，意为“像，作为”，不符合语境，所以将as改为with。
答案： as→with
7．(2021·重庆市名校联盟二模)With a hurry we returned home，packed suitcases and left the next day.
解析： 介词错误。固定短语in a hurry表示“快速，迅速”。
答案： With→In
8．(2021·云南省七校高考适应性考试)A walk in a big park or the bank of a stream is even more refreshing.
解析： 介词漏用。在大公园里或小溪边散步更令人神清气爽。bank“岸”前要用介词on表示“在岸边”，故此处不能共用前面的介词in。
答案： the bank前加on
1．名词与介词搭配
by accident 偶然
by chance 碰巧
on board 在船上(或飞机上、火车上)
on business 因公出差
on average 平均
in charge 掌管，主管
in particular 特别，尤其，详细地
in place 适当的，恰当的
in the distance 在远处
in favo(u)r of 赞成，支持
in honour of 为了纪念，对……表示敬意
in spite of 尽管，虽然
in turn 依次，转而
in vain 徒劳
in memory of 为纪念……
in return 作为回报
in order 按顺序，处于良好状态
2．动词与介词搭配
remind sb.of sth. 提醒某人某事
rob sb.of sth. 抢劫某人某物
call at 访问(某地)
call for 要求，需要
care about 关心
do harm to 伤害
fix one's eyes on 注视
get rid of 免除，摆脱
run out of 用完
come up with 提出
put forward 提出
make fun of 取笑
adapt to 适应
refer to 涉及，查阅
come across (偶然)遇见
pick up 捡起，用车接(某人)，接收，偶然习得
3．形容词与介词搭配
be curious about 对……好奇
be proud of 因……而自豪
be popular with 受到……的欢迎
be anxious about 为……忧虑
be concerned about 对……担心、忧虑
be present at 出席
be absent from 缺席
be free from 免于
(单句语法填空)
1．(2020·武汉市高中毕业生6月供题)Because ________ astronomy we now know exactly when the universe came into existence.
解析： 考查介词。because of为固定搭配，意为“因为，由于”，符合语境，故填介词of。
答案： of
2．(2021·太原市高三年级模拟)According to Canada's Currency Act，stores can legally refuse excessive amounts ________coins.
解析： 考查介词。amounts of为固定表达，意为“大量的”，所以填of。
答案： of
3．(2020·6月济南市高三针对性练习)It described ________ detail the process of planting tea bushes，harvesting tea leaves，and preparing for the making of tea.
解析： 考查固定搭配。in detail为固定搭配，意为“详细地”，符合语境。
答案： in
4．(2021·福建省质量检查测试)Patients talked with their doctors during the operation and then walked back to their rooms ________ their own.
解析： 考查介词。on one's own“独自地，独立地”是固定搭配，所以填on。
答案： on
5．(2021·长春市高三质量监测)They think 12 yuan for an order is too much.Besides，many more people doubt if these collectors will wash their hands after dealing ________ the trash.
解析： 考查介词。此处考查动词短语deal with“处理”。
答案： with
6．(2021·云南省七校高考适应性考试)A couplet writer may show his feelings ________ means of describing the scenery or expressing his wishes in his works.
解析： 考查介词。此处表示“借助于”，故用介词by构成by means of“借助……手段”短语。
答案： by
7．(2021·陕西省重点中学)The United Nations invites each person of any age，plus every classroom，business and government to join ________ celebration of the International Day of Happiness.
解析： 考查介词。联合国邀请每个年龄层的人以及每个教室、企业和政府一道庆祝国际幸福日。in celebration of“庆祝……”。
答案： in
8．(2021·昆明市 “三诊一模”)The stores also allow plastic collectors to use the money they earn to pay ________ health care or school.
解析： 考查介词。pay for sth.“为……付款”是固定用法，所以填介词for。
答案： for
PAGE
8冠词
A组 单句语法填空
1．(2020·浙江卷1月)A child born in the US today has ________ very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.
解析： 考查冠词。根据下文的chance 可知，这里语意表示“非常实际的一个可能性”，故填不定冠词，表示泛指。
答案： a
2．(2020·浙江卷7月)This style of farming lasted for quite a long time.Then，with ________ rise of science，changes began.
解析： 考查冠词。根据空后的rise of science可知，此处是名词的限定性修饰，语意表示“科学的兴起”，故填定冠词the，表示特指。
答案： the
3．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)The plum trees are ________ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化).They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
解析： 考查冠词。序数词前加定冠词the，表示“第几个”。
答案： the
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Of ________nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations，three are declining，six are stable，one is increasing，and nine lack enough data.
解析： 考查冠词。此处特指确认的19个亚种群，故用定冠词the。
答案： the
5．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When we got a call saying she was short listed，we thought it was ________joke.
解析： 考查冠词。joke“笑话，玩笑”，是可数名词。空格后用了单数joke，故其前用a。
答案： a
6．(2019·浙江卷)Everybody wears________ same style of clothes.Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways.
解析： 考查冠词。此处特指校服的款式相同，the same...“相同的……”，故填the。
答案： the
7．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over________ past 25 years，while rice has increased only 7 percent.
解析： 考查固定搭配中的定冠词。over the past 25 years“在过去的25年里”。
答案： the
8．(2017·浙江卷)It's not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary.Like many things in life，it's ________ongoing process，and the best part of the process is that there's enough room for improvement，which means you'll just keep getting better and better.
解析： 考查冠词。此处表示积累词汇是一个持续的过程，又因为单词ongoing的发音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。
答案： an
B组 单句改错
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.
解析： unique是读音以辅音音素开头的单词，其前用a，不用an。类似的词还有university，European等。
答案： an→a
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my last winter holiday，I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.
解析： countryside意为“农村；乡下”，与the连用。
答案： countryside前加the
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)In the summer holiday following my eighteenth birthday，I took driving lessons.I still remember how hard first day was.
解析： 由于序数词first前应该用定冠词the或者用限定词进行修饰，故first前加the或my。
答案： first前加the或my
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They live far from the school，and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.
解析： 虽然hour以辅音字母开头，但h不发音，故a改an。
答案： a→an
5．If we stay at home，it is comfortable and there is no need to spend money.But in that case，we will learn little about world.
解析： 冠词漏用。world是独一无二的事物，前面要加定冠词the。
答案： world前加the
1．在发音以辅音音素开头的单词前用a，在发音以元音音素开头的单词前用an。
a university，a useful animal，a European car，an hour，an honest boy，an X ray，an ugly man，an honor等。
Judging from his words，he must be an honest man.
从他的话判断，他一定是一位诚实的人。
As is known to us，Russia is a European country.
众所周知，俄罗斯是一个欧洲国家。
2．不定冠词a/an放在单数可数名词前，泛指一个人或一个事物。
(2018·湖北重点中学联考)They found an apartment in America where they lived only half a year.
他们在美国找到一个公寓，在那里待了仅仅半年。
3．表示泛指。说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词。
It was a cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly.
那是一个寒冷冬天的夜晚，月亮在夜空中闪耀着。
4．表示量指。不定冠词表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one 强烈。
As the old saying goes，“Rome was not built in a day.”
常言道，“冰冻三尺，非一日之寒”。
5．不定冠词a(n)表示“某一个”，相当于some/a certain。
A Mr Brown came to see you just now.
刚才有一位布朗先生来找你了。
6．“a(n)＋序数词”表示“又一，再一”；“a most＋形容词”表示“非常，很”。
(2018·山西适应性考试)I really enjoyed my stay in Xi'an.It's indeed worth a second visit.
我真的喜欢待在西安，它的确值得再次参观。
He put forward a most useful suggestion at the meeting.
在会议上他提出了一个非常实用的建议。
7．在抽象名词success，failure，surprise，pleasure，beauty，wonder，comfort，danger，shock等前表示“一个……的人或一件……的事”。
The operation is a success and the patient is now out of danger.手术很成功，病人目前脱离了危险。
8．不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。如：
all of a sudden 突然
as a matter of fact 事实上
in a hurry 匆忙地
pay a visit to 参观；拜访
as a result/consequence 因此
have a gift/talent for 在某方面有天赋
have/catch a cold 感冒
make a living 谋生
have/take a rest 休息
in a way 从某种意义上说
give sb.a lift 让某人搭便车
do sb.a favor 帮某人一个忙
keep an eye on 留心
You can ask anyone for help.Everyone here is willing to lend you a hand.
你可以向任何人求助，这里的每个人都乐意帮助你。
(单句语法填空)
1．(2021·东北三校高三第一次联合模拟)What did she do to deserve such________ honor Compared with other male poets in China，who have left hundreds or even thousands of poems，she has only eighty seven.
解析： 考查冠词。此处的honor意为“荣誉”，应用不定冠词修饰，且honor的发音以元音音素开头，所以填an。
答案： an
2．(2020·6月济南市高三针对性练习)Although there has been ________ increasing amount of literature about tea in recent years，such literature is certainly not new.
解析： 考查冠词。an amount of为常见搭配，又amount前有increasing修饰，该词的发音以元音音素开头，故用an。
答案： an
3．(2021·贵阳市高三适应性考试)The museum has played ________ important role in promoting calligraphy in Russia.
解析： 考查冠词。play a(n)...role为固定搭配，意为“发挥……的作用”，且important的发音以元音音素开头，所以填an。
答案： an
4．(2021·石家庄检测一)I have known from Gu Yu that from tiny street stands to large chains，________huge number of people accept mobile payment，mostly through popular apps Alipay and WeChat.
解析： 考查冠词。a huge number of固定短语“许多”，修饰可数名词复数，故填a。
答案： a
5．(2021·四川成都诊断)I visited Hangzhou for the first time in the summer of 2016.It is so attractive that I decided to go there for ________second time next year.
解析： 考查冠词。句意：2016年夏天我第一次去杭州旅游。那里如此迷人，我决定明年再去一次。a second time表示“又一次，再一次”，故填a。
答案： a
1．特指某人或某事
The village where I was born has taken on a new look in the past ten years.
我出生的那个小村庄在过去十年已经呈现新的面貌。
2．用于序数词和形容词/副词最高级以及形容词only，very，same等之前。
As is known to all，China is the biggest developing country in the world.
众所周知，中国是世界上最大的发展中国家。
Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China.在中国杨利伟是第一个登上太空的人。
3．某些形容词、分词前表示一类人或用在姓氏复数前表示一家人，要想到用定冠词。
As far as I know，the Greens are going to move to Beijing.
据我所知，格林一家要搬到北京去。
4．在世界上独一无二的事物，西洋乐器以及发明物的名词前要想到用定冠词。
The little girl likes to play the violin and often plays it after school.
这个小女孩喜欢拉小提琴，经常放学后演奏。
5．用在表示计量的名词前，如by the hour，by the day，by the week，by the dozen，by the yard等，但是如表示单位的名词为不可数名词，之前不用冠词，如by weight/height等。
As far as I know，he will get paid by the week.
据我所知，他会按周付薪。
6．用于the more...the more...(越……越……)结构中。
The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you will make.
你越小心，就会越少犯错误。
7．定冠词用于固定短语中
at the moment 此刻；目前
at the same time 同时
on the contrary 相反
on the whole 总的来说
to tell the truth 说实话
in the distance 在远处
on the other hand 另一方面
make the most of 充分利用
by the way 顺便说一下
go to the cinema/theater 去看电影/戏剧
in the middle of 在……中间
You should make the best of such a good chance to practise your spoken English.
你应该充分利用这个好机会练习你的英语口语。
(单句语法填空)
1．(2021·成都市高三第一次诊断性检测)Situated on cliffs above a river，Hongyadong is a stilt house complex(建筑群)in ________ city of Chongqing.
解析： 考查冠词。此处特指重庆市，故用定冠词the。
答案： the
2．(2021·烟台、菏泽市高三水平诊断)Some reports also show that ________ number of giant pandas in the wild is on the rise.
解析： 考查冠词。此处指野生大熊猫的数量在增加。the number of是固定短语，意为“……的数量”。故填the。
答案： the
3．(2020·福州市高三毕业班适应性练习)One brown bat—about ________ size of a human thumb—can consume about 600 mosquitoes and other unwanted insects within an hour.
解析： 考查冠词。此处表示一只大约人类拇指大小的棕色蝙蝠。the size of意为“……的大小”，为固定用法，所以填the。
答案： the
4．(2021·烟台市高考诊断性测试)They either made equipment themselves or had to share ________ very few items they had among all the children.
解析： 考查冠词。items后有定语从句修饰，故用the表特指。
答案： the
5．(2021·山西省八校高三第一次联考)The NYPD hopes in ________long term the information can be used to tailor manpower to each police station in the city.
解析： 考查冠词。in the long term“从长远来看”，所以用the。
答案： the
1．在不可数名词或可数名词复数前表示泛指不用冠词
Keeping a diary is a good habit，by which you'll make great progress.
记日记是一个可以让你取得进步的好习惯。
2．用于与by连用的表示交通工具、通讯工具的名词前
Are you going there by plane or by ship
你是乘飞机还是乘船去那里？
3．用于系动词turn后的单数名词作表语时
After years of hard work，Tom turned engineer while Mary good manager.
多年的努力之后，汤姆成了工程师而玛丽成了一个好经理。
4．零冠词用于固定搭配中
on purpose 故意地
by chance 碰巧
catch/on fire 着火
at dawn/dusk 在黎明/黄昏
make room for 让位
out of date 过时的
by sea/car 乘船/乘小汽车
(单句改错)
1．At the first，I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.
解析： at first“起初；一开始”，为固定短语。
答案： 去掉first前面的the
2．(2021·南昌市一模)I think it's a great fun and I can make more friends.
解析： fun为不可数名词，故前面不用冠词a。
答案： 去掉great前的a
3．(2021·石家庄检测二)In addition to these tasks，robots will even be able to play the chess and do exercise with people.
解析： 球类，棋类前不用冠词。
答案： 去掉chess前的the
4．(2021·新疆第一次适应性测试)Thirdly，you'll have to share with each other and make the good friends.
解析： 考查冠词。friends为名词复数，表示泛指，其前不需要用冠词。
答案： 删去good前的the
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