中考英语语法专项复习之介词专题第二讲
本节是介词专题第二讲,主要讲解表示方位、工具和手段的介词的用法(本文所列的这些介词除了列举的这些用法外,还有其他的用法,这里只是列举了与主题相关的用法),内容全面详细,并且结合具体实例进行解析,通俗易懂,适合刚刚接触介词学习的同学进行理解巩固,也适合将要参加考试的同学进行查缺补漏、拓展提高。(特别提醒,可结合第一讲,形成一个体系)
第一部分
相关介词的用法讲解
考试中常考的表示方位的介词:in,to,on,under,by,near,between,
above,over,under,below,between,among,around, in front of,behind,in the front of。
at 在某地点(表示比较狭窄的场所,通常接车站、机场、电影院、大门口等等)
at school ,at home ,at No.2 Baker Street ,at a factory , at the Beijing railway station,at the school gate。
in在某地点(表示比较宽敞的场所)
in Beijing, in the world, in the street
She was born in China.
表示两个地方相对位置时,in表示在某地的内部,相似用法还有to和on,但to表示在某地范围之外,on表示与某地相邻或接壤,如:
Shanghai is/lies in the east of China.上海在中国的东部。
Japan is/lies to the east of China.日本位于中国的东面。
Mongolia is/lies on the north of China.蒙古国位于中国北边。
3. on 表示“在...上面,有接触面”
on the desk
There are two maps on the wall.
在...靠近...的地方
on the right 靠近右边的地
on the river 靠近河的地方
4. above 在...上方(表示高度的相对位置,不一定是正上方)
Our plane flew above the clouds.
5. over 在...正上方,是under的反义词
A few birds were flying over the sea.
6. under 在...下面(正下面); 穿在...之内
under the jacket
The dog is under the table.
7. below 在...下方(不一定是正下方,只表示相对高度)
There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water.
8. near和by
near 近的,不远的
near = not far
Is there a bus stop near here
by 在...旁边,紧挨着的意思,距离比near近
by the window
The boy is standing by the window.
9. between和among和around
between 表位置在两者之间,还可以是其他的两件事之间
My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike.
What's the difference between A and B
among 在三者或更多的之中(可以表位置之间,也可以表其他的什么之间)
There is a beautiful house among the trees.
He is very popular among the students.
around 环绕在...周围,在...四周。
We sat around the table.
They walked around the street.
10. in front of和behind和in the front of
in front of 在...的前面;在...的前部(在外部的前面), in the front of表示在内部的前面,如:
There is a tree in front of the house.
There is a big desk for the teacher in the front of the classroom.
behind 在...后面 是 in front of的反义词
There is a tree behind the house.
表示工具或手段的介词考试中比较常见的有by,with,on,in
1. by多用于表示交通方式,如by bus乘公共汽车,by e-mail.通过电子邮件。
注意:这时by不用冠词,用in时要用冠词,如下
I went there by bus/in a bus.我是坐公共汽车去的那儿。
2. with表示“用某种工具”,这时往往用冠词或物主代词如:
He broke the window with a stone.他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。
3. on表示“以……方式”,多用于固定词组。
They talked on the telephone.他们通过电话进行交谈。
She learns English on the radio/on TV.她通过收音机/电视学英语。
4. in表示用…方式,用…语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等;
The foreigner spoke to us in English.
第二部分
中考真题解析
A. between B. from C. behind D.among
解析:答案C,在后面用behind。
A.on B.to C.at D.in
解析:答案A,on your left在你左手边。
A. on B. with C. by D. that
解析:答案C,表示通过什么方式,句意为通过面部表情。
A. by B. with C. in
解析:答案A,表示通过什么方式用by。
A. under B. in front of C.behind
解析:答案A,在下面用under。
巩固拓展
( C )1. The naughty boy got in his bedroom ____ the window.
across B. over C. through D. in
解析:表示从内部通过用through
( B )2. Don’t tell anybody ____ it. Keep it ____ you and me.
about; in B. about; between C. of; in D. of; with
解析:表示关于某件事用about,在两人之间用between
( A )3. They work _____ a small farm _____ a river.
on; by B. at; on C. by; on D. in; in
解析:在农场里工作用on,表示靠近什么旁边用by。
(A) 4. Japan lies ____ the east of Asia, _____ the east of China.
in; to B.to; in C.in; in D.to; to
解析:表方位,在内部用in,不接触的在外部用to
5.Which subject are you good ____, English or maths
on B.in C.of D.At
解析:be good at 固定搭配表示:擅长做某事
(A) 6.The boat is passing ____ the bridge.
A.under B.through C.across D.Towards
解析:在下面用under。
(D) 7.Your voice sounds different ____ the phone.
A.in B.for C.from D.On
解析:在电话里用on the phone
8.A new bridge will be built ____ the river.
by B.in C.over D.Through
解析:在正上方用over。