牛津版（深圳·广州）八年级上册（2013秋审查）Unit 3 Computers语法---被动语态用法详解讲练学案（无答案）

第八讲 Unit 3 Traditional skills(Grammar)
【学习目标】
1.熟练掌握动词各种时态对应的被动语态
2.了解情态动词和不定式的被动形式
3.知道几种用主动形式表被动的情况。
【知识要点】
Passive Voice
语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。如：
He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）
The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态）
被动语态的构成
【知识总结归纳】
一. 概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。
二. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换
We visited that factory last summer 主动语态
主语 谓语 宾语 状语
That factory was visited by us last summer 被动语态
主语 谓语 宾语 状语
三. 各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比
时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时
am / is / are + P.P.
（1）Do they speak French ---Is French spoken by them
（2）They don’t use the room . ---The room isn’t used by them .
一般过去时
was / were + p.p.
（1）The hunter killed a tiger .---A tiger was killed by the hunter .
（2）He wrote many stories last year. ---Many stories was written by him last year .
现在进行时
am / is / are +being +p.p.
（1）These workers are building a new bridge . ---A new bridge is being built by these workers .
（2）He is mending his car . ---His car is being mended by him .
过去进行时
was / were + being + p.p.
（1）He was selling books .---Books were being built by him .
（2）They were discussing the plan at that time .---The plan was being discussed by them at that time .
现在完成时
have / has + been + p. p.
（1）She has learned many English words .---Many English words have been learned by her .
（2）He has finished the work .---The work has been finished by him .
过去完成时
had + been + p.p.
（1）They has solved the problem .---The problem had been solved by them .
（2）We had told him the news by then . ---The news had been told to him by us .
一般将来时
shall / will be + p.p.
（1）I shall make a plan . ---A plan will be made by me .
（2）They are going to fix the radio in an hour .-The radio is going to be fixed by them in an hour .
过去将来时
would be + p.p.
was/ were going to be + p.p.
（1）He told me they would paint the room . ---He told me the room would be painted by them .
（2）They were going to put on a play the next week .
---A play was going to be put by them the next week .
情态动词
can / may / must / should + be + p.p.
（1）We should hand in our homework .---Our homework should be handed in by us .
You must answer the question in English .
---The question must be answered in English by you .
四. 如何正确使用被动语态
1. 有些动词带有两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，变被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。需要注意的是：若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语，需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“to”。
eg. He often tells us interesting stories . （主动语态）
（被动语态）
▲常带双宾语的词有：tell , show , lend , pass等。
2. 在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to还要还原。
eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . （主动语态）
She is often heard to sing this popular song .（被动语态）
▲ 有这种用法的常用动词有：make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice等。
3. 有些“be +过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态，它们有可能是“系表结构（即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语）。”
比较：（1）（2）
4. 只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态。
eg.
五，下列动词（词组）没有被动式：
1.、系动词无被动语态：以主动形式表示被动之意
常见的系动词有：
① be动词
② look/seem/appear, feel(感觉，摸起来), sound, smell, taste
e.g. She seems/appears happy.
It smells terrible.
The silk feels soft. 丝绸摸起来很柔软。
③ (逐渐)变得/变成：become, grow, get, turn, come, go
e.g. His wish has come true. 他的愿望实现了
People often went hungry in the old days.
The tree is growing tall.
The leaves of the trees turn yellow in autumn. 树叶在秋天变黄。
④ 保持：keep, stay
e.g. We must keep quiet in the reading room.
2、有些不及物动词常用主动形式表示被动意义。　
①某些可用来表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”的及物动词，如lock, shut, open, move, read,
write, sell, wash, clean, catch, draw, cut等
This table cleans very easily.
The cloth (布)washes well.
His book doesn't sell well.
The flower smells sweet.
The supermarket opens at 8:00 in the morning.
The door won’t close/shut.
②某些表示“发生”（happen,take place, occur）,“爆发”（break out, burst out）和“传播”spread的不及物动词
The accident happened last week.
Great changes have taken place in China .
The fire spread from the factory to the warehouse nearby.
Unit3 语法专练（课堂练习）
一，选择填空
( ) 1 The Olympic Games ___________ every four years.
A are held B were held C are holding D will hold
( ) 2 We ____________ to close the windows before we left the lab.
A tell B told C were told D are told
( ) 3 The old bulding is part of Shenzhen’s history. It __________ hundreds of years ago.
A built B builds C is built D was built
( ) 4 Jolin’s latest album _________ as expected last month.
A was sold out as good B sold as well C sold as good D was sold as well
( ) 5 Some famous paintings ___________ in the hall next week.
A will show B were shown C is shown D will be shown
( ) 6 It’s said in the newspaper that 215 more new schools __________ in Shenzhen by 2015.
A are building B were built C have built D will be built
( ) 7 In the art show, a lot of enjoyment _________ to foreign friends by the Chinese Painting.
A is giving B is given C will give D has given
( ) 8 Smoking __________ in many countries, so don’t smoke here.
A allows B is allowed C doesn’t allow D isn’t allowed
( ) 9 It is said that potato chips ___________by mistakes about by a hundred years ago.
A invent B invented C are invented D were invented
( ) 10 --- Do you know who designed the CD-ROM Around the World in Eight Hours
--- Yes. It ______ by Nancy Jackson.
A has designed B designed C was designed D designs
( ) 11 --- What a clean classroom! --- It _________ every day.
A is sweeping B has swept C is swept D was swept
( ) 12 Children ___________ to keep away from the medicine for their safety.
A are told B tell C are telling D told
( ) 13 In some parts of the world, tea ____________ with milk and sugar.
A is serving B serves C is served D served
( ) 14 This kind of food ____________ cool, clean and dry according to the instruction.
A should be carried B must be put C should be placed D must be kept
( ) 15 --- They say there’s a new restaurant nearby.
--- Yes, and it ____________ for no more than a week.
A has been open B opens C is opening D is opened
( ) 16 Although he is an ___________ man, he is still active at work.
A older B elder C elderly D oldest
( ) 17 The encyclopaedias ____________all the information you need. They are very useful.
A are used to finding B are used to find C used to find D used to finding
( ) 18 ___________ strange type of work it was to fish with birds!
A What B How C What a D What an
( ) 19 He is cooking a meal, ___________ a large bird on his head.
A have B with C carry D stand
( ) 20 The boy is only 8 years old, but still ______ to carry two classmates out of the destroyed
school buildings.
A strong enough B weak enough C enough strong D too strong
( ) 21 Cormorants can dive _________ 25 metres and bring _________ some fish to the raft.
A under; up B down; up C into; back D to; down
( ) 22 The fish are then removed ______ the birds’ mouths and thrown ______ a big basket.
A out of; into B from ; onto C from; into D to; down
( ) 23 He did only one-third of his homework. The rest __________from others.
A copy B is copied C are copy D was copied
( ) 24 The books should _________ among them according to the agreement.
A divide B divided C be divided D be divide
( ) 25 Some traditional skills in China have ___________ over the years.
A disappeared B been disappeared C be disappear D disappear
( ) 26The volunteers are __________ young people between 25 to 35 years old.
A most B main C mostly D most of
( ) 27 ---______________ --- He is a little bit short and plump.
A What is he like B What does he like C How is he likes D What does he do
( ) 28 The Chinese ____________ always been famous for their arts __________ painting.
A have; such as B is; like C has; for example D are; such as
( ) 29At night, a light __________ from the front of the raft to give light and attract fish.
A is hang B is hung C is hanged D hang
二，用所给词的适当形式填空
1 --- Is the seat _____________ by anyone (take) --- No, you can sit here.
2 The kind of ballpoint pen ___________ well, so it __________ well too. (write; sell)
3 The thief ___________ by the police and ___________ to prison last month. ( catch; send)
4 --- When _________ the swimming club ___________ (set up)--- In 2006.
5 --- What are they doing with the wall now
--- It __________ by some workers at the moment. (paint)
6 Students can’t borrow books these days, because the library __________. (repaire)
7 A lecture was _____________ when I entered the lecture hall. (give)
8 --- How long ___________ the concert ___________ ---- For half an hour. (last)
9 I ___________ that the meeting had to ________ until next week. (tell; put off)
10 Great changes ______________ in the area in the last ten years. (take place)
三，阅读理解
A
Many people go to school for an education. They learn languages, history, politics, geography, physics, chemistry and mathematics. Others go to school to learn a skill so that they can make a living. School education is very important and useful .Yet, no one can learn everything from school. A teacher, no matter how much he knows, can not teach his students everything they want to know. The teacher’s job is to show his students how to learn. He teaches them how to read and how to think. So, much more is to be learned outside school by the students themselves.
It is always more important to know how to study by oneself than to memorize some facts or a formula. It is actually quite easy to learn a certain fact in history or a formula in mathematics. But it is very difficult to use a formula in working out a math problem. Great scientists before us didn’t get everything from school .Their teachers only showed them the way. Edison did not even finish primary school. But they were all so successful. They invented so many things for mankind. The reason for their success is that they knew how to study. They read books that were not taught at school . They would ask many questions as they read. They did thousands of experiments. They worked hard all their lives, wasting not a single moment. Above all , they knew how to use their brain.
(　)1. People go to school to _______.
A. learn several subjects B. make a living C. get an education D. to learn a skill
(　)2. According to the passage, the most important thing a teacher should do is________.
A. to teach his students everything he knows
B. to know everything
C. to teach the students how to think
D. to teach the students how to study by themselves
(　)3. To work out a math problem ,you need to know ________.
A. only a certain formula B. how to memorize some facts
C. only some facts D. the method to work it out
(　)4. Why were many scientists so successful
A. They received good education. B. They were very clever.
C. They knew how to learn. D. They learned lots of facts and formulas.
(　)5. How did great scientists study
A. They read a lot of books and asked many questions while reading.
B. They did thousands of experiments.
C. They always worked hard and never wasted time.
D. All of the above.
【课外巩固】
Unit3 语法专练
一. 选择填空
1. The rivers smells terrible People must dirty things into it .
A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing
C. stop to throw D. stop form throwing
2. Paper first invented in China .
A. is B. are C. was D. were
3. — Do you like the flower — Yes , it sweet .
A. is smelling B. smelt C. is smelt D. smells
4. It snowed heavily last night . The ground thick snow .
A. was covered with B. was filled with C. was made of D. covered with
5. The light in the room before you leave .
A. must turn of B. will turn off C. are turned D. must be turned off
6. the kind of question often in your class , Ann
A. Does , ask B. Is , asked C. Has , asked D. Will , ask
7. The bridge in three weeks .
A. will build B. is built C. will be built D. builds
8. The old men and the children must in our country .
A. take good care B. be taken good care
C. take good care of D. be taken good care of
9. Paul doesn’t have to be made He always works hard .
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
10. The girl was unhappy because she by some boys in the class .
A. is laughed B. was laughed C. laughed at D. was laughed at
11. We that the English test next Monday .
A. are told , gives B. tell , will give
C. are told , will be given D. told , is going to be given
12. Great changes place in China since 1978 .
A. have been taken B. have taken C. has been taken D. took
13. the red pencil-box by your father last week
A. Has , bought B. Was , bought C. Does , buy D. Did , buy
14. Mary many songs at the party .
A. heard sing B. heard to sing C. was heard sing D. was heard to sing
15. trees usually in April
A. Have , planted B. Are , planted C. Do , plant D. Were , planted
16. When we got there , the broken road repaired .
A. is being B. was being C. has been D. /
17. The windows of the room once a week .
A. has been cleaned B. is cleaned C. are cleaned D. are cleaning
18. In 1620 , about half the USA forests .
A. was covered B. was covered by C. were filled with D. covered with
19. The young tree the stick .
A. should be tied to B. must be tied by C. should tie to D. can be tied with
20. A present me by my friend on my birthday .
A. is giving B. was given to C. is given for D. will give to
21. By was the book
A. who , wrote B. whom , write C. whom , written D. whom , writing
22. Films about crime and violence（暴力与犯罪） by young children .
A. should not see B. should be not seen
C. should not be seen D. should be seen
23. In warm weather fruit and meat long .
A. can’t be kept B. don’t keep C. is not kept D. aren’t keeping
24. Half the world’s telephone calls in English .
A. are made B. are making C. make D. is made
25. That building now .
A. is building B. is built C. is being built D. builds
二. 用正确的时态和语态填空
1. Nearly everybody here （know）when the old museum （build）.
2. The building can （see）from every part of the city ; It （build）many years ago .
3. Yesterday Tom （tell）me that his bike （break）last week .
4. The students often （tell）to take care of their desks and chairs .
5. Now he （be）asked if the meeting （hold）next Friday .
6. It is known to all that the moon （turn）round the earth .
7. Miss Li often （use）a recorder in her English class . But she （not use）it
tomorrow .
8. Vegetables , eggs and fruits （sell）in this shop .
9. English （speak）here .
10. The song （like）by us all twenty years ago .
11. The pictures （take）by Jack tomorrow .
12. The computer （can use）in the room .
13. The room （paint）now .
14. The novel （translate）into many languages since it was published .
15. That clock （call）Big Ben
三，完形填空
Once upon a time, some children were playing at seaside when they found a turtle. They began to beat the turtle. Just at that time a young man came and said to them, “Stop!” The children ran 1 quickly. The turtle was very thankful and said, “Thanks for your kindness. I really would like 2 you to a wonderful palace now.”
The young man rode on the back of the turtle and was taken to the secret palace, in the sea. When he 3 the palace he was very surprised and said to the turtle, “What a nice palace!” To thank him, the king of the turtles gave him a very 4 dinner. He had never seen such a dinner before. He received a warm welcome there and was very 5 everything.
After dinner, the king of the turtles said, “I’m going to give you two boxes, 6 you can open only one.” “You mustn’t open both. Don’t forget it!” the turtle warned him. “All right. I will open only one.” the young man promised. At this time, a large wave sent him out of the sea.
After he 7 , he opened the bigger one of the two boxes, 8 , the box was full of gold. “My God!” he cried. “I’m 9 now.” then he thought, “Things in the other box must be expensive, too” he could not wait any longer. He broke his promise and opened the other box. As soon as he opened it, he became an old man. His hair turned white. His face 10 an old man over eighty years old. It all happened in a moment. He was sorry for what he did, but it was too late.
( ) 1. A. through B. away C. into D. out
( ) 2. A. wanting B. asking C. to let D. to invite
( ) 3. A. left for B. arrived on C. arrived at D. got away
( ) 4. A. big B. poor C. bad D. small
( ) 5. A. pleased with B. strict in C. angry with D. sorry for
( ) 6. A. so B. or C. but D. as
( ) 7. A. went back to home B. was back home C. went back to the sea D. was back the sea
( ) 8. A. To his surprising B. To he surprising C. To him surprise D. To his surprise
( ) 9. A. a poor man B. a rich man C. an old man D. a young man
( ) 10. A. liked B. felt like C. looked like D. looked
四，阅读理解
A Children Restaurant
In Amsterdam, the capital of Holland, there is a unique Children Restaurant. It is run wholly by the children. From the manager to the cooks, cashiers, waiters or waitresses and other staff members are all children form 6 to 12 years old. They themselves do all the necessary work such as cooking and cleaning. These children are selected in Amsterdam. After training, they may serve in the Restaurant for four weeks. All of them are willing to work there and they are very proud of the work.
This Restaurant was founded in 1983 by a woman cook, who wanted to give the children chances to learn to be useful to the society. And now she is the only adult there, but her job is just to take care of the children.
The Restaurant is welcomed almost by everyone. Since there are only 20 seats in the restaurant, it is always very crowded.
So you should make a reservation months in advance. The cost of a meal differs according to the customers. Usually US $ 4 for each adult, but much cheaper for the children. And its business hours are only on Saturday evenings and Sunday afternoons.
(　　)1. The children in this restaurant__________________.
A. can earn only four dollars a day B. are fond of working there
C. will have to work there for over a month D. do all the work except cooking
(　　)2. The word “cashier” in the first passage perhaps means_________________.
A. a person who cooks food B. a person who does cleaning
C. a person who receives and pays out money in a restaurant etc.
D. a person who serves food to customers
(　　)3. Which can be TRUE according to this passage
A. All the children in the restaurant form Amsterdam
B. If you don’t order a meal a month ahead of time, you will get no food in the city.
C. Everybody likes the Restaurant , so it is often filled with customers.
D. In Amsterdam, any child between 6 and 12 can work in this Restaurant if he likes
(　　)4. Which is NOT true according to the writer
A. This Restaurant has a history of about 20 years.
B. For the same meal a child will pay less while an adults pay more.
C. The woman who set up this Restaurant used to be a cook.
D. There are more than a score of seats.
(　　)5. The Children Restaurant was managed by_______________.
A. the government of Amsterdam B. a woman cook
C. the children themselves D. one of the children’s parents