2022年中考语法复习名词考点专练课件（共有PPT24张）

(共24张PPT)
中考语法复习
专题二 名词
目录
名词分类
01
不可数名词
02
可数名词
03
名词所有格
04
中考真题
05
I.名词
名词(n．)：noun
表示人、动物、物品、地点以及抽象概念的词。
即所有东西的名字都是名词。　　
名
词
专有名词
普通名词
可数名词
不可数名词
个体名词
集体名词
物质名词
抽象名词
II.名词的分类
类别 意义 例词
专有名词 表示特定的人、物、机构、场所等的名词（首字母通常大写） Bill Gates, the Great Wall, Sunday, Rome
普通名词 可数 名词 个体名词 表示某类人或事物的个体的词 teacher, pen, country,
集体名词 表示若干个体组成的集体的词，指一群人或一些事物 family, police, class, team, committee
不可数名词 物质名词 一般为表示无法分割、不易数清、某类事物总称或学科的名词 water, milk, salt, paper, tea, furniture, traffic, biology
抽象名词 表示动作、状态、品质、性质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词 knowledge, advice, courage, information, friendship
名词的分类
III 考点清单 考点1.不可数名词
考点知识测练］（用所给名词的正确形式填空）
1. She hates taking _____________ (medicine) when she is ill.
2. -- Can you buy two pieces of ________ (bread) for me when you go shopping later
--- No problem.
3. We can chat on the Internet as well as get a lot of _____________ (information) from it.
4. My Chinese teacher often gives us some ________ (advice) on our study.
5. They spent much ________ (money) in buying different kinds of food for the picnic.
medicine
bread
information
advice
money
01
［考点知识归纳］
1. 不可数名词一般只有单数形式,没有复数形式,专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词一般为不可数名词，常见的不可数名词有：
液体类：water, milk, juice, oil, coffee, tea
肉类: meat, chicken, fish, pork, beef, mutton
食物类：food, rice, sugar, salt, bread, chocolate
物质类:wood, cotton, grass, hair, glass, medicine
抽象类: news, information, music, advice
2. 不可数名词不能直接加a(an)或基数词one(two)等来修饰。如果要表示数量，要用量词+of的短语来表示,如: a piece of paper, a cup of tea, little milk等。
3. 某些名词，即不可数（表示物质或抽象概念），又可数（表示个体概念）。
如：A glass(玻璃杯) is made of glass(玻璃).
I have already finished a paper(论文/试卷).
4. 常见修饰不可数名词的词或词组有:
Some, much, a little, little, a bit of, a great deal of, plenty of, a lot of, lots of, any...
如: some money, a little water, a bit of coffee
［考点知识过关］（单项选择）
1. There is still _________ time for us to finish the project. Don’t worry about it.
A.many B. a number of C. plenty of D. a few
2. After he had two bowls of _________, he asked me to get him some again.
A. rice B. rices C. foods D. teas
3. The music sounds so wonderful. I haven’t heard such_________ music before.
A. a B. a piece of C. a pair of D. an
4. ---Would you like some_________ to drink
--- Yes, please. I am a little thirsty.
A. bread B. chicken C. fruit D. water
5. I usually have an egg and_________ milk for breakfast. But this morning my mother cooked some noodles for me.
A. two glasses of B. two C. two glass of D. a glasses of
02
［考点知识点练］（用所给名词的正确形式填空）
1. I saw a lot of _____________ (people) in the zoo when I passed there last weekend.
2. We all know that different people have different kinds of _____________(hobby).
3. _____________ (tomato) and _____________ (potato) are not only very delicious but also useful for our health.
4. Those_____________ (woman) in red are very good at dancing and they often dance at the square in the evening.
5. The workers use these_____________ (knife) for cutting fruit and making ship models.
考点2.可数名词
people
hobbies
Tomatoes
potatoes
women
knives
[考点知识归纳]
1. 可数名词可分为单数和复数。
常见修饰可数名词的词或词组：
a, an, a few, many, a number of, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, some, any,...(其中a few表示肯定,few表示否定, a few, many, a number of, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, some, any 后都有加名词复数)
如: many people, a number of students
1. 可数名词复数形式的规则变化:
(1) 一般情况下在词尾加-s。如：book→books, pencil→ pencils
(2) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,把y必为i再-es。
如：hobby→ hobbies, baby→ babies, city→cities
(3) 以辅音+o结尾,且有生命的,一般在词尾加-es, 其他加-s。
如：potato→ potatoes, tomato→tomatoes, hero→heroes
photo→ photos, piano→ pianos, zoo→zoos,
(4) 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的单词在词尾加es。
如：bus→buses, watch→watches, box→boxes, brush→brushes
(5) 以f或fe结尾的名词把f或fe改为v, 再加-es。
如：knife→knives, leaf→leaves, wife→wives, shelf→shelve
1. 名词复数的不规则变化:
(1) 有些名词既可以作可数名词,也可以作不可数名词,但表达的意思不同。
如：
单词 可数 不可数
chicken 小鸡 鸡肉
room 房间 空间
rain 一场雨 雨水
orange 橙子 橙汁
time 次数/倍数 时间
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃
paper 试卷/论文 纸
(1) 单复数形式一样的名词。
如：sheep, cattle, fish, deer, Chinese, Japanese...
(2) 一般作复数的名词。
如：people, police, clothes, trousers, chopsticks, noodles, chips...
(3) 一些名词复数形式的特殊变化。
l 元音字母a变e, 如: man→men, woman→women,
Englishman→Englishmen, Frenchman→Frenchmen
l 元音字母组合oo变ee, 如: tooth→teeth, foot→feet, goose→geese
l 特别记忆：child→children, mouse→mice
l 注意某国人的复数:中日友好， 人多不变化；英法荷联军，人多a变e;其他国人通通加s。
［考点知识过关］（单项选择）
1. My grandfather used to keep many ______ on the farm, but now he no longer does that.
A. sheep B. chicken C.cow D. ducks
2. I saw him reading ______ when I went to visit him just now.
A. paper B. a piece of paper C. an paper D. some paper
3. She often buys some ______ to make ______ juice if she is free.
A. oranges; orange B. orange; orange C. orange; oranges D. oranges; oranges
4. People in China are used to using ______ when they have meals instead of ______ and forks.
A. chopsticks; knives B. chopsticks; knives C. chopstick; knife D. chopsticks; knife
5. Five ______ and three ______ went travelling together across the desert in the northwest.
A. Chinese; Germans B. Chinese; German
B. Chinese; Germans D. Chinese; Germen
考点3.名词所有格
［考点知识测练］(用所给名词的正确形式填空)
1. The red bag is _____________ (Lucy). Mine is over there in my desk.
2. It is polite to knock at the door before you enter the _____________ (teacher) office.
3. Linda won the _____________ ( girl) 200-metre race. Everyone in her class said congratulations to her.
4. I gave my mother a beautiful watch on _____________ (mother) Day. She was very happy.
5. ---Where is James I am looking for him.
6. --- He is at the _____________ (doctor). He is ill.
03
Lucy’s
teachers’
girls’
Mother’s
doctor’s
[考点知识归纳］
1. 名词所有格一般在名词后面加’s构成,意思是 “......的”。主要用于表示人或有生命的东西。如：Lucy’s dress, Peter’s shirt
2. 名词所有格也可以表示时间、距离、重量和某些无生命的东西。
如：twenty minutes’ bus ride (20分钟的车程), yesterday’s newspaper
3. 除了名词后而加’s 外,名词所有格的构成还有:
(1) 以s结尾的复数名词,只需在词尾加’。
如: the teachers’ office, the students’ books
(2) 不以s结尾的复数名词，应在词尾加’s。
如: Women’s Day, Children’s Day
(3) 表示几个人共有的人或物，只需在最后一个名词后加’s。
如: Tim and Tom’s father (蒂姆和汤姆的爸爸)
(4) 如果表示各自拥有的人或物，则每个名词后都加’s。
如：Lily’s and Mary’s mothers (莉莉的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈)
(5) 名词所有格词组表示所在的地方时， 后面的名词可以省略。
如：at the doctor’s(在医务室)，at Mr Smith’s (在史密斯家)
4. 重点小知识：
（1）a two-metre-long desk 也是名词所有格的一种形式, metre不能用复数形式。 如：an eight-year girl (一名8岁的小女孩), a seven-day holiday (七天的假期)
( 2 ) 名词可作定语,修饰另一个名词.
如: an apple tree (一棵苹果树), two baby cats (两只小猫)
( 3 ) 如果作定语的是man 或 woman, 其单复数就要跟着所修饰的名词变化而变化。
如： a woman doctor→ three women doctors
［考点知识过关］(单项选择)
1. ---Where’s the manager I have something important to talk with him.
---- Sorry. He has a headache. He has gone to __________.
A. doctor B. the doctor C. the doctor’s D. doctor’s
2. People are so surprised to find that they are not men firefighters. They are __________!
A. Women firefighter B.women firefighters B. C.woman firefighters D.woman firefighter
3. We’ll go for __________ abroad. Will you join us
A. An 8-day trip B. a 8-day trip C. a 8-days trip D. an 8-days trip
4. This is __________ room. They share the room together.
A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy’s and Lily’s
B. Lucy’s and Lily D. Lucy and Lily’s
5. __________ fathers will come to the parents’ meeting together. You will see them then.
A. Sally and Grace’s B. Sally’s and Grace’s
B. Sally and Grace D. Sally’s and Grace
中考真题过关训练
04
[中考真题精选］（单项选择）
1. The bandit takes one book and shouts, “Next time I want________ !”
A. some money B. any money C. some moneys D. any moneys
2. He put one spoon of sugar and ________ milk in it.
A. many B. any C.few D. some
3. Hurry up, kids! The school bus is coming. We have ________ time left.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
4. Yesterday for dinner I had a piece of beef, vegetables and ________.
A. some rice B. a few rice C. a little rices D. a rice
5. There is ________ news about this movie star in the newspaper. Where can I get some
A. many B. a few C. a lot D. little
[中考考点精练精测］（单项选择）
1. These ________ have saved many children’s lives.
A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor
2. ---How does Mr Smith go to his office
--- Every morning he takes a ________ to his office.
A. 15 minutes walk B. 15 minutes walk C. 15 minute walk D. 15 minutes’ walk
3. --- Did you and your friends ride your bike to the beach yesterday afternoon
--- Yes. ________ we had!
A. How a fun B. What fun C. What a fun D. How fun
4. ---Do you know why the girl could win the singing competition
--- Yeah. Because she has a beautiful ________.
A. voice B. noise C. sound D. sounds
5. I’d like some water. But he wants ________.
A. two bottle orange B. two bottles of orange
B. two bottle oranges D. two bottles of oranges
6. With e-mails and telephones, ________ has become easier, and the world is getting smaller.
A. software B. difference C. communication D. experience
7. The population of India ________ over one billion now.
A. are B. is C. will be D. was
8. ________ you have given!
A. What a good advice B. What good advice
B. How good an advice D. How a good advice
9. We don’t have enough nurses to look after the patients. At least ________ are needed.
A. ten another nursers B. more ten nurses
B. other ten nurses D. another ten nurses
10. Mary’s skirt is the same as her ________.
A. sisters B. brother C. sister’s D. brothers
Thank you very much