【2022高分攻略】高考英语二轮复习学案(通用版)
专题五 形容词与副词(解析卷)
黑龙江 哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
【考纲解读】
形容词与副词是高考必考考点之一,在高考试题中始终占很重要的地位。近几年高考对形容词和副词的考查具有“淡化语法、注重深层语义”的特点,以形容词和副词辨析为热点,并强化对形容词和副词比较等级的考查。
主要考查要点:
1. 形容词与副词词义辨析及词性转换。
2. 形容词修饰名词时的词序及形容词作状语或补足语。
3. 形容词、副词短语辨析。
4. 形容词、副词比较级结构。
【考点剖析】
一、形容词、副词词义辨析及词性转换
例1:(2021年高考 全国甲卷)After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 45_________ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
【答案】better
【解析】句意:在花了一些时间查看了城墙上的所有防御设备之后,我们决定是时候采取一些行动了,还有什么能比在一段历史上骑车更好的呢!考查形容词的词性转换。根据句中“than” 可知,应该用形容词的比较级的形式better。所以,此处填better。
例2:(2021年高考 新高考I卷)The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ____58____(undoubted) help you get refreshed!
【答案】 undoubtedly
【解析】 句意:它无疑会帮助你恢复精神!修饰动词help,要用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。所以,填undoubtedly。
例3:(2020年高考 新课标I卷)Landing on the moon’s far side is 62 (extreme) challenging.
【答案】extremely
【解析】句意:登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。考查副词。空处修饰的是形容词challenging,所以应该使用extreme的副词形式,故填extremely。
例4:(2020年高考 新课标I卷)Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself.
【答案】 将simply改为simple
【解析】句意:今天我自己尝试做一道简单的菜。考查形容词与副词的用法。根据名词dish可知,此处应该用形容词作定语,所以需要将simply改为simple。
二、形容词修饰名词时的词序及形容词作状语或补足语
例1:(2020年高考 新高考I卷) Strange, isn’t it But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ____60____(astonish).
【答案】astonished
【解析】句意:很奇怪,是吗?但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”,补充说明宾语us的感受,所以要用-ed结尾形容词。因此,填astonished。
例2:(2020年高考 哈市德强模拟试卷)Her husband's birthday is coming. After a long thought, she plans to buy a ________ wallet for him.
A. black leather small B. small black leather
C. small leather black D. black small leather
【答案】B
【解析】句意:她丈夫的生日要到了。经过长时间考虑,她打算为他买个黑色的小皮夹。考查形容词修饰名词时的词序。根据多个形容词作定语修饰同一名词的排列规律可知,答案B项正确。
例3:________ , she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.
A. Shy and cautious B. Sensitive and thoughtful
C. Honest and confident D. Lighthearted and optimistic
【答案】D
【解析】句意:她轻松乐观,是用自己的微笑把阳光传播给人们的女性。考查形容词作状语。由后半句的“她”可知,她无忧无虑而且非常乐观。故答案选D。
例4:(2020年高考 哈市工大附中语法专项测试)John Smith, a successful businessman, has a ________ car.
A. large German white B. large white German
C. which large German D. German large white
【答案】B
【解析】句意:约翰·史密斯,一个成功的商人,有一辆白色的大轿车。考查多个形容词作定语时的位置关系,此处要按“大小+颜色+产地(国籍)”的顺序排列:large表大小,white表颜色,German表国籍。故选择答案为B。
三、形容词、副词短语辨析及比较级结构
例1:(2020年高考 新高考I卷) The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____59____ (hot) the spring!
【答案】 hotter
【解析】句意:关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是,气温越低,温泉越暖和。此处是固定结构“the +比较级,the+比较级”,意为“越……,越……”,用the colder..., the hotter...。所以,填hotter。
例2:(2021年高考 浙江卷) When the house was built, it was much ___39___ (small)than it is today.
【答案】smaller
【解析】句意:这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。考查形容词。结合空格前的much和空格后的than可知,此处考查形容词比较级固定结构much+比较级+than,small的比较级形式为smaller。所以,填smaller。
例3:(2020年高考 江苏卷)The outbreak of Covid-19 has meant an _____ change in our life and work.
A. absurd B. abrupt C. allergic D. authentic
【答案】B
【解析】句意:新冠肺炎疫情的爆发,给我们的生活和工作带来了一个突然的变化。考查形容词词义辨析。absurd荒谬的;abrupt突然的;allergic过敏的;authentic真实的。根据常识可知,新冠肺炎疫情给我们的生活和工作带来了一个突然的变化。所以,选择B。
例4:(2019年高考 江苏卷)Unlike traditional gyms, app-backed gyms offer people ___________ options to exercise.
A. casual B. regular C. flexible D. tight
【答案】 C
【解析】句意:不像传统的体育锻炼,有APP软件的体育锻炼提供了灵活的锻炼选项。考查形容词辨析。casual偶然的,随便的;regular定期的,有规律的;flexible灵活的;tight紧的,密封的。所以,选择C。
【形容词与副词解题技巧提示】
形容词和副词的考查常涉及到比较级和最高级的用法。有时比较含义是通过than这样的词给出的,但是有时比较的含义是隐含在句意中。因此,需要仔细理解句意,找出隐含的比较关系,判断用比较级还是最高级。
【相关知识点连接】
一、形容词的基本用法
形容词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语等。
1. 作定语
(1)如果形容词所修饰的是由some,every,any,no与-body,-one,-thing构成的不定代词形容词须后置。
I have something important to tell you. 我有些重要的事情要告诉你。
You don't need anything special. 你不需要什么特别的东西。
There's nothing special in today's newspaper. 今天的报纸没什么特别的消
(2)else 修饰疑问代词(who,whom,whose,what)、疑问副词(when,where)、不定代词(something,somebody,anyone,nothing,anyone,anybody,everybody,everyone,nobody,no one)时,else要后置。
Have you got anything else to say 你们还有别的什么话要说吗?
Nobody else understands me except you. 除了你就没有别人了解了。
What else do you want 你还要什么?
(3)enough 用作形容词时,放在所修饰的名词前面或后面都可以(通常只修饰不可数名词或复数名词),放在前面的情况更常见。
There is room enough/ enough room in the bus. 公共汽车里有足够的空间。
There was not enough room for the population.
当时已经没有足够的地盘来容纳这许多人了。
(4)只作定语的形容词
英语中有些形容词只能用作定语放在名词前,不能放在名词后,即:只能用作前置定语,常见的有:chief, elder, other, live, little, very, right, southern, wooden。
Dr Lively was going to talk on that very subject today.
莱芙利博士今天原先要谈的正好是这个题目。
It was a live radio programme. 那是一个无线电实况广播节目。
(5)复合形容词只能作名词的前置定语不能作名词的后置定语,也不能作表语或补足语。
An English-speaking country 讲英语的国家
hard-wrking people 勤劳的人民
man-made satellites 人造卫星
Man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
许多国家都向太空发射了人造卫星。
Generally, people from English-speaking countries do not touch each other very much. 一般说来,来自于讲英语国家的人彼此间接触不是很多。
(6)在old,long,wide,high,deep表示长度、宽度、高度、深度等词组中,与数词连用时,形容词或副词放在表示长度的名词之后。
The Mediterranean is more than 3,700km long, and is 1,800km wide at its widest point. 地中海的长度有多3,700公里,最宽处的宽度是1,800公里。
It (The squid) is eaten by a type of whale call the sperm whale, which is over 18 meters long. 有一种名叫巨头鲸的鲸鱼,长度超过18米,它吃鱿鱼。
(7)多个形容词修饰时的排列顺序
当一个名词被多个形容词修饰时,其排列顺序通常是:指示代词或不定代词+数词 (序数词、基数词)+描绘性形容词+特征性形容词 (大小、长短、高低、形状、年龄、新旧)+颜色形容词+国籍或出处+物质或材料+用途、类别+中心名词。
也可归纳为:限定词→表示数量形容词→描述性形容词→表示年龄、大小、新旧、长短、高低等形容词→表示颜色的形容词→表示类别的形容词(如:国籍)→表示类别的名词(如:木)→表示用途(如:写)→ 中心名词。
The boy often wears a beautiful little red hat.
那男孩经常戴着一顶漂亮的小红帽。
I met some tall black-haired Japanese friends yesterday.
昨天我遇到了几个高个子、黑头发的日本朋友。
可借助顺口溜记忆:
描绘形状大长高,再看年龄或新老;颜色国籍出材料,作用类别往后靠。
也可通过opshacorm(此为帮助记忆而杜撰的词)记住形容词排列顺序:
op:opinion,指表示人们观点的形容词,如horrible,1ovely,nice等;
sh:shape,指表示形状的形容词,如10ng,short,round,narrow等;
a:age,指表示年龄、时代的形容词,如o1d,new,young等;
c:color,表示颜色的形容词,如red,black,orange等;
or:origin,指表示国籍、地区的形容词,如British,Canadian,German等;
m:material,指表示材料的形容词,如plastic,metal,wood等。
当这六类形容词连用时就按上述先后顺序排列。
如:an ice long new black British plastic pen
(9)带有数字的复合词语用作形容词作前置定语时,名词用单数形式
a five-year-old boy, a seven-year old girl.
(10)一些以-able 和 -ible 结尾的形容词,一般后置
This is the only solution imaginable. 这是唯一想象得到的解决方法。
(11)形容词短语作定语时要后置
The basket full of flowers is Mary's. 装满花的篮子是玛丽的。
2. 作表语
在英语中有一部分行为动词可用作系动词,后面应该跟形容词作表语。
这类常用作系动词的行为动词有:表示“变成某种状态”的动词、表示“保持某种状态”的动词、表示“感觉”的动词等。
(1)常用的表示“变成某种状态”的动词:become,go,get,grow,prove,turn,fall,make等。
When this soil is destroyed, the forest land will become sand again.
当土壤被毁坏,林地又会变成沙地。
She is growing healthy. 她的身体逐渐变好了。
Potatoes went bad in the soil. 土豆全都烂在地里了。
He turned pale when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息,脸都变白了。
(2)常用的表示“保持某种状态”的动词:be,keep,exist,remain,stay,obtain等。
The farmers don't stay long in the same place.
这些农民并不在同一个地方逗留很长的时间。
Therefore, if the tobacco companies want to remain in business, they have to encourage more young people to start smoking.
因此,如果烟草公司想要继续经营下去,就必须鼓励更多的年轻人吸烟。
(3)常用的表示“感觉”的动词:smell,taste,feel,sound,look, seem,appear等。
You mean it looks strange! 你是说这看起来奇怪!
I'll tell you something that does sound strange.
我告诉你听起来确实有些奇怪的事。
Well, it feels strange to have a twin sister. 是呀,有个孪生姐姐是觉得奇怪。
附:常作表语的形容词 afraid,alone,alive,asleep,awake等
He is afraid of falling behind the others. 他担心落后于其他人。
They were alive and as happy as ever. 他们都还活着,并且跟以前一样快活。
We are alone here. 我们在这儿独自生活。
He waits until the children are asleep. 他等到孩子们都睡着了。
It's easier to catch a sleeping lion than one that's awake.
睡着的狮子比醒着的狮子容易抓一些。
(4)表示下列意义的形容词:一般只作表语:sure(一定的),glad( 高兴的),sorry(难过的、遗憾的),ill(有病的),well(健康的)等。
Tom won't feel well till it's over. 等到它(足球赛)结束后,汤姆才会好。
I'm sure you'll find them useful. 我确信你会发现他们有用的。
I'm sorry about that argument. 很抱歉那次的争论。
(5)wooden,woolen,golden,silken一般不作表语。如不可说:The box is wooden但可说:This is a wooden box.这是一个木制盒子。
The gray stone towers take on a golden colour before turning pink.
灰色的石塔抹上一层金黄色,然后变成粉红色。
(5)不能单独作表语的形容词有:worth,worthy,fond,weekly,,monthly,yearly,wooden,woolen,golden,silken,same等。
It was worth five hundred francs at the most. 它(那条项链)最多值法郎。
His suggestion is worth consideration / considering. 他的建议值的考虑。
The Irish are fond of music and poems. 爱尔兰人很喜欢音乐和诗歌。
It appears from Monday to Saturday with a Sunday edition of Business Weekly each week. 这份报纸每周星期一到星期六出版,星期天出商业周刊版。
(6)以 a-开头的形容词不能用 very 来修饰。如不说:I'm very alone.但可说:I'm much(very much)alone.不说:The boy was very asleep.但可以说: The boy was fast asleep. 不说:very awake .但可以说:wide(broad)awake。
3. 作宾语补足语
I didn't find Chinese easy at first. 起初,我发现汉语不容易。
The death of the president made the country sad.
总统的去世使全国人民感到悲伤。
4. 作状语
Strange, she should have never seen him. 奇怪的是,她居然未见过他。
另外,fine,good,nice,bright,big等于and连接,位于另一个形容词之前作状语,修饰后面的形容词,其含义相当于副词very,quite。例如:
Mother is big and(=very) busy on Christmas Eve
我母亲在圣诞夜前夕非常忙。
It was good and(=very)cold today. 今天非常冷。
He drove the car nice and(=quite)fast. 他驾驶的非常快。
5. 名词化的形容词
有些形容词可以和定冠词 the 连用,表示一类人或物。这类形容词就成为名词化的形容词。名词化的形容词在句中主语、宾语等。如:the blind(盲人),the deaf(聋子),the living(dead)(活着的人/ 死者), the rich(富人),the poor(穷人),the young(年轻人),the old(老人),the unemployed(失业者),the wounded(伤员)等,这些名词化的形容词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。
The soil is made from the dead leaves above.
土壤是由上面的落叶腐烂而成的。
Many of the injured lost their sight. 许多受伤者丧失了视力。
The young respect the old, the old love the young. 尊老爱幼。
二、副词的基本用法
1. 副词的作用
副词和形容词一样,在句中起修饰作用。所不同的是:形容词一般对名词起修饰作用;而副词则是对动词、形容词、句子及其它结构起修饰作用。副词一般分为时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、频度副词、程度副词和疑问副词,它们主要是作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。方位、地点副词也可作表语或后置定语。
They arrived early on a Tuesday morning. (修饰arrived)
他们是在一个星期二的清早到达的。
2. 副词的位置与词序
(1) 副词在句中的位置非常灵活,可以放在句首、句未或句中。多数副词放在动词后面。如果是及物动词,则放在宾语后面。
The students watched him quietly.(句末)
学生静静地观察着。
Quietly the students watched him .(句首)
The students quietly watched him.(句中)
Very often it rains here in April. (句首)
四月份这儿常常下雨。
It very often rains here in April.(句中)
It rains here in April very often.(句末)
(2) 有些副词通常只用于句首或句末,而不用于句中,如表示地点和方向的副词和表示确切时间的副词等。 :
Here she comes! / She's coming here. 她来了。
Down came the rain. / The rain came down.下雨了。
Yesterday I met him. / I met him yesterday. 昨天我遇见他。
(3) 大多数副词既可用于句中,也可用于句末,这主要是那些方式副词和有些表示不确切时间的副词。
I don't completely agree. / I don't agree completely. 我没有全部同意。
I recently saw him there. I saw him here recently. 我最近在那儿见到他。
(4) 频度副词always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, hardly (scarcely)等在句中通常放在行为动词前,系动词、情态动词或助动词之后。
You often see musicians performing in the streets.
你经常看见音乐家在街道上演奏。
I've always been interested in geography. 我一直对地理感兴趣。
【温馨提示】
为了加强语气,可以把表示程度的副词放在句首,位于句首时,句子常用倒装结构。在构成反意疑问句时,因为它们常被看作否定词(often)除外,其附加部分常用肯定形式。
Seldom in all my life have I met such a determined person.
在我的一生中,很少遇到这么一个有决心的人。
Never before had she carried out a brain operation.
以前她从来没有动过脑手术。
(5) enough作副词修饰形容或副词作状语时,则只能位于所修饰的形容词、副词或动词之后。
I'm sorry, none of you watched carefully enough.
很遗憾,你们当中谁都观察得不够仔细。
However, after a few hours of study you will manage to know enough to save other people's lives.
然而,经过几个小时的学习后,你就会获得足够的知识去抢救别人的生命了。
(6) 英语里有一些副词,在汉语里通常不看作副词,因而特别容易引起误用。如:abroad(在国外),fresh(新鲜),home(家)live(实况、鲜活),that(那样),upstairs(楼上),downstairs(楼下),indoors(室内),weekend(周末),far(远),outdoors(室外)例如:
I'm not that foolish. 我可不那么傻。
It'll be the biggest live concert the world has ever seen.
那场音乐会将是全世界的人曾经见过的最大的一场现场直播音乐会。
On day the man upstairs heard the sound of children playing in the park.
一天楼上那个人听到了孩子们在公园玩耍的声音。
三、形容词与副词的级
形容词和副词一般有三个级:原级、比较级和最高级。当它们表示“较”和“最”的意义时,要用比较级和最高级形式。
比较级的基本构成形式为:形容词/副词+er 或 more+多音节形容词 /副词;
最高级的基本形式为:形容词 / 副词 +est 或most + 多音节形容词 / 副词。
1. 有关比较级形式应注意点
(1) 以-ow,-er,-le结尾的部分双音节词,其比较级、最高级常仍通过词尾变化而构成。如:narrow →narrower →narrowest;clever →cleverer →cleverest;simple →simpler → simplest
(2) 有些形容词由于本身的涵义,根本不用比较。这类不能用作比较的形容词常见的有:circular(环行的)daily(每日的)empty(空的)false(假的)infinite(无限的)matchless(无敌的)monthly(每月的)perfect(完美的)right(对的)round(圆的)square(正方形的)true(真的)unique(独一无二的)wooden(木制的)wrong(错的)double(双倍的)central(中间的)middle(中等的)west(西方的)dead(死的),living(活着的),excellent(优秀的)Chinese(Japanese.......中国人的, 日本人的.......)Asian(American.......亚洲的,美国的)等,也不能与very,too,enough等词连用。
(3) 某些形容词本身已是比较级的形式,在用作“比较”时后面应跟to,而不是than。这一类形容词常见的有:anterior(前面的)inferior(下等的)junior(年少的)senior(年长的)superior(较高的)posterior(以后的)prior(顺序在先)。
The supply is equal to the demand. 供求平衡。
My voice is similar to my mother's. 我的嗓音与我母亲的相似。
Women are inferior to men in jumping high. 女子跳高不如男子。
Mr Black is senior to me in our factory.
在我们工厂里,布莱克先生的职位在我之上。
Poverty is preferable to ill-health.宁可没钱,也不可没有健康的体魄。
(4) 由词根派生出来的以- ly 结尾的副词及一些表示频率的时间副词构成比较级和最高级时,多半在其前分别加 more 和most。
slowly →more slowly →most slowly;often →more often →most often
(5) 有些形容词有两种不同的比较级和最高级,各有不同的含义。这类形容词常见的有:
原级 比较级 最高级
(远的) father(较远的) farthest(最远的)
further(较远的,进一步的) furthest(最远的,尽量的)
(近的) nearer(较近的) Nearest最近的(指距离)
Next其次的(指顺序)
(迟的) later(较迟的) Latest最迟的,最近的(指时间)
latter(后者,居后的) Last最后的(指顺序)
旧的,老的 older(较老的,较旧的) oldest(最老的,最旧的)
elder(出生早的,排行居上的) eldest(出生最早的,排行最大的)
(6) 注意有些形容词和副词的比较级、和最高级是不规则的。常见的有:
形容词 副 词
原级 最高级 原级 最高级
good, well best well Best
bad, ill worst badly worst
Many, much most much most
Few fewest few fewest
Little least little least
Far farthest far farthest(furthest)
2. 形容词和副词的原级比较
(1)表示两者在某一方面程度相同的结构
① as+形容词/副词(原级)+ as +比较状语从句(即比较对象)。
Maths is as interesting as English. 数学和英语一样有趣。
注意:表示某方不如另一方时,要用结构。
not so (as)+形容词/副词(原级)+ as +比较状语从句(即比较对象)。
Tom is not so active in class as Mary. 汤姆在课堂上没有玛丽活跃。
He cannot do it as well as he used to. 他做这个没有他过去做得好。
②当同级比较的形容词为same时,前面通常不用as,而用the。
At first, the language stayed the same as the language used in Britain.
起初,这种语言同在英国使用的语言仍然相同。
Do you think his jacket is the same as mine
你认为他的茄克衫同我的一样吗?
③当同级比较的形容词与单数可数名词连用时,应注意不定冠词的位置,通常是:as+ a(an) + 形容词+单数可数名词 + as。
Exercise is as good a way as any to lose unwanted weight.
运动是跟其它减肥方法一样好的方法。
This is as good as a map as any. 这是一幅跟其它地图一样好的地图。
④同级比较结构还常用状语just, almost, far, three times (三倍)等修饰,这些状语应放在第一个as或so之前。
After the experiment, the plant is four times as tall as it was before.在实验以后这种植物为过去高度的四倍。
(2)程度不等的比较
①表示某人(某物)在某一方面超过别人或别的物体时,要用比较结构。
形容词 / 副词(比较级)+ than(连词)+比较状语从句(比较对象)例如:
Doing this more difficult in English than in Chinese.
用英文写标题比用中文写标题难。
②形容词和副词的比较级前也可用much, far, a lot, no, a little, still, ever, three times等副词修饰。
This book is much thicker than that one这本书比那本书厚得多.
③表示一方不及(如)另一方时,用“less+原级+than”的结构表示。要避免less与fewer的误用,less是little的比较级,应跟不可数名词。fewer是few的比较级,应跟可数名词。
The Chinese eat less sugar than many other countries in the world.
中国人吃的糖比世界上其它许多国家的人(吃的糖)都少。
(3)句型结构的使用
①“more and more ”表示“越来越……”的意思。
After that more and more countries joined in the games.
此后,越来越多的国家参加了比赛。
②用于比较的“the...the”结构表示“越……越……”。
它的结构要用“the+形容词 / 副词(比较级)+其它,the+形容词 / 副词(比较级)+其它”,句中常出现倒装。
The more he explains, the more I am puzzled. 他越解释,我就越糊涂。
The sooner you do it, the better it will be. 你越早做那件事就越好。
③all the + 比较级,表示“更加”的意思。
Failure is the mother of success. You will be all the better for your failure.
失败是成功之母;你会因为失败而变得更好。
As a result, poor people became all the poorer. 因此,穷人变得更穷。
(4)表示“倍数”的比较级有如下几种句型:
①A is ... times +adj./adv. (比较级) + than + B
此句型表示“A是B的……倍(大、小、高、低等)”
After the experiment, the plant is four times taller than it was before.
在实验后,这种植物为过去高度的四倍。
Line AB is 3 times longer than Line CD. AB线段是CD线段的三倍。
另外:还可以用A is ... times as+adj./adv.(原级)+as B句型表示A是B的……倍。如上述例句按此句型改写为:
Line AB is 3 times as long as Line CD.
After the experiment, the plant is four times as tall as it was before.
② A is three(four, ...etc.) times the size (height, length, width, etc) of B.
The new building is four times the size(the height) of the old one.
这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。
或者:这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍(高三倍。
③A is three(four, ... etc) times as big (high, long, wide, etc) as B.
用times表示倍数,一般只限于表示包括基数在内的三倍或三倍以上的数。表示两倍可用 twice或 double。
Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)
(5)用名词表示“量”的倍数时,可用以下两个句型:
④...倍数 + more + 名词 + than ...
There are four times more books in our library than yours.
我们图书馆藏书是你们的四倍。(多三倍)
⑤……倍数 + as many (as much) + 名词 + 其它+ as……
There is three times as much water in this river as in that one.
这条河的水量是那条河的三倍。
3. 最高级表达形式及用法
(1)三个或三个以上的人或事物相比,其中一个人或事物在某方面比其他都好,这就要使用形容词与副词的最高级。
其结构为:the+形容词/副词(最高级)+其他+of(in,among)+(比较范围)
This is the happiest day in my life. 这是我一生中最快乐的一天。
This is one of the best novels that I have ever read.
这是我所看过的小说中最好的一本。
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长的河流。
(2)最高级的副词和形容词的比较应该有一个范围,这个范围通常由介词of,in,among+名(代)词构成的介词短语来表示。
Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers in the school.
赵小姐是学校里最受欢迎的教师之一。
Of all the students, Wang Bing reads (the) most correctly.
在所有的这些学生当中王冰读得最准确。
They all came early but she came (the) earliest of all.
他们都来得很早,但她来得最早。
4.比较级表示最高级的几个句型:
最高级表示的最常见形式是“主语+谓语+the most……(-est) + 比较范围。”除此之外,常见的表达最高级含义的比较级结构还有:
(1)主语 + 谓语 + 比较级 + than the others
This one is much larger than the others. 这一个比其它大的多得多。
He is taller than the others in his class. 他比班上其他人都高。
(2)主语 + 谓语 + 比较级 + than anyone (anybody, anything)else
Many years ago, there lived an emperor, who care more for fine clothes than for anything else. 许多年以前,有一位皇帝,他喜爱衣服胜过任何其它东西。
He is stronger than anyone else in his class. 他比班上的任何人都强壮。
His handwriting is much better than anyone else's. 他的书法比其他人都好
(3)主语+谓语+比较级 + than any other +单数名词
I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject.
我想汉语比任何的课程更受欢迎。
Tom is taller than any other student in our class.
汤姆在我们班比其他任何一个学生都高。
India produces more films than any other country in the world.
印度是世界上拍摄电影最多的国家。
(4)主语 + 谓语 + 比较级 + than any of the others.
The student has made more progress in the studies than any of the others.
这个学生在学习上取得的进步比别的都快。
(5)主语 + 谓语 + 比较级 + than any other.
She is more intelligent than any others in her class.
她比她班上的任何人都勤奋。
(6)主语 + 谓语 + 比较级+ than + the other +复数名词
The last lesson is more difficult than the other lessons in this textbook.
最后一课比课本中任何其他课都难。
(7) 比较级+ than any of the other + 复数名词
The sun is nearer to us than any of the other stars.
太阳比其它的行星更靠近我们。
(8)主语 + 谓语 + 比较级 + than all the others.
The Great Pyramid is bigger than all the others. 大金字塔要比其它的都大。
(9)No one + 谓语 + 比较级 + than sb./ sth.
No one can be more fit for his office than he is. 没有人比他更称职了。
(10)No other + 单数名词 + 谓语 + 比较级 + than sb./ sth.
No other river is longer than the Changjiang River in Asia.
在亚洲,没有其它的河比长江长。
(11) 主语+谓语+比较级 + than any +单数名词
Canada is larger than any country in Asia. 加拿大比亚洲任何一个国家都大。
Tokyo is larger than any city in Africa. 东京比非洲任何一个城市都大。
(12)主语 + 谓语 + 比较级+ than ever (before).
Today, new foods are travelling faster than ever before.
今天新的食物比以往运输的更快。
As a result, the number of people who travel by plane in China is larger ever before. 结果是,在中国乘飞机旅行人的数目比以往要多。
(13)否定词nobody(else)/ nothing(else)/ no one (else) / not / never等 +比较级+ than
Nowhere else in the world can there be such a quiet beautiful place.
在世界上没有比这更安静、更美丽的地方了。
I can't give you better advice than that.这是我所给你的最好的建议。
(14)Nobody (No one, Nothing...) + 比较级+ than sb.(sth.)
Nothing is more unpleasant than to find insects in your bath.
没有什么比在你的浴盆里发现虫子更令人不快了。
(15)No (never...) + 比较级+ than...
He is no more able to read Chinese than I . 他和我一样都看不懂中文。
This boxing match is no less exciting than the football match.
这场拳击比赛和那场足球赛一样激动人心。
【强化训练】
I. 改错(题1-3)或 填空(题4-11)
1. (2021年高考 全国乙卷 改错)What’s most, doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study.
【答案】most→more; mentally→mental
【解析】句意:此外,做家务可以是一种从学习中获得精神放松的方式。考查固定搭配。固定短语(most→more);what’s more译为“此外。所以,将most改为more。考查形容词(mentally→mental );修饰名词relaxation (放松)需要用形容词。所以,将mentally改为mental。
2. (2020年高考 新课标II卷 改错)I’m surely you’ll have a good time.
【答案】将surely改为sure
【解析】句意:我相信你会玩得很开心的。考查形容词。分析句子可知,此处be动词am后面需用形容词作表语。故将surely改为sure。
3. (2020年高考 新课标II卷 改错)Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together on every day.
【答案】将such改为so
【解析】句意:然后我就可以抽出时间重新学习它,这样我们就可以每天一起练习。考查副词。分析句子可知,此处应表示“以便;所以”。所以,将such改为so。
4. (2021年高考 全国甲卷)We hired our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all the way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly, you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or, just to watch the local people going about their ____50____ (day) routines.
【答案】daily
【解析】句意:我们从南门的出租处租了自行车。我的自行车又旧、又摇摇晃晃,但能骑。我们绕西安城墙走了大约3个小时。据推测,你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照,或者只是为了观看当地人进行日常生活。考查形容词。此处表示“观察当地人的日常生活”,修饰routines, 所以要用形容词,因此,填daily。
5. (2020年高考 新课标II卷)The ____69____(beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
【答案】beautiful
【解析】句意:美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾,做成漂亮的装饰。考查形容词。此处修饰名词branches,要用形容词形式。所以,填beautiful。
6. (2020年高考 新课标II卷)Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. 66 (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.
【答案】Certainly
【解析】句意:当然在假期期间,这种植物是绝对必要的事物。考查副词。介词短语做时间状语,因此只有改为副词才能复合句子结构,用副词形式做状语。所以,填Certainly。
7. (2020年高考 新课标I卷)Data about the moon’s composition, such as how ____69_____ ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
【答案】much
【解析】句意:关于月亮构成的数据,比如它含有多少水和其他财富,可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。考查形容词。ice是不可数名词,应使用much修饰,所以填much。
8. (2020年高考 新课标III卷)As the small boat moved, 68________(gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
【答案】 gently
【解析】句意:当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时,山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。考查副词。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语,表示“缓缓地”。所以,填gently。
9. (2020年高考山东卷)In the 18th and 19th centuries, 36 (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.
【答案】wealthy
【解析】句意:在18和19世纪,富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。考查形容词。此处修饰名词people,应该用形容词做定语。所以,填wealthy。
10. (2019年高考 新课标III卷)On our way to the house,it was raining ___61___ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
【答案】so
【解析】句意:在我们去那座房子的路上,雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。考查副词。“so…that…”意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句。所以,填so。
11. (2018 新课标II卷)A taste for meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
【答案】actually
【解析】句意:对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。考查副词。此处句子结构完整,用副词修饰句子。所以填actually。
【答案】 将改为
【解析】句意:不是那格,故将us改为me。
II. 单项选择
12. (2021年高考 天津卷))While rock-climbing, you need to remain very _____ so that you won't make any dangerous errors.
A. satisfied B. focused C. amused D. delighted
【答案】B
【解析】句意:在攀岩的时候,你需要保持非常专注,这样你就不会犯任何危险的错误。考查形容词词义辨析。satisfied满意的;focused专注的;amused被逗乐的;delighted高兴的。根据后文“so that you won't make any dangerous errors”可知要想不犯任何危险的错误,攀岩的时候需要保持专注,focused符合语境。所以选B。
13. (2021年高考 天津卷)As working from home becomes ________ common, people are finding it easier to combine parenthood with a full-time career.
A. increasingly B. equally C. nervously D. confusingly
【答案】A
【解析】句意:随着在家工作变得越来越普遍,人们发现为人父母与全职工作相结合变得越来越容易。考查副词词义辨析。increasingly越来越多地,渐增地;equally相等地;nervously紧张地;confusingly令人困惑地。根据后文“people are finding it easier to combine parenthood with a full-time career”可知:人们发现为人父母与全职工作相结合变得越来越容易,是因为在家工作变得越来越普遍,只有increasingly符合语境。所以选A。
14. (2020年高考 天津卷) According to Professor Johnson, we don’t have to read the book if we don’t want to, as it is ______.
A. worthwhile B. necessary C. optional D. serious
【答案】C
【解析】句意:根据约翰逊教授的说法,如果我们不想读这本书,就不必读,因为它是可选择的。考查形容词词义辨析。worthwhile值得的;necessary必要的;optional可选择的,选修的;serious严肃的,认真的。根据“we don’t have to read the book if we don’t want to”可知:这本书读不读都可以,所以是“可选择的”,选C。
15. (2020年高考 哈市模拟试卷)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But _______ explanations are hard to find.
A. alternative B. aggressive C. ambiguous D. apparent
【答案】A
【解析】句意:恐龙的消失未必是由天体灾害引起的,但是也很难找到其它的解释。考查形容词的辨析。alternative可供替代的;aggressive好斗的,有进取心的;ambiguous有野心的,耗时的;apparent显而易见的。所以选A。
16. (2018年高考 江苏卷)Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is _____ to invest in sufficient training for his staff.
A. keen B. reluctant C. anxious D. ready
【答案】B
【解析】句意:尽管旅馆服务不好,经理还不愿投入为员工提供足够的培训。考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。keen敏锐的;reluctant不情愿的;anxious渴望的;ready准备好的。所以选B。
17. (2019年 南京高三调研卷)You say you are innocent, but we have good reasons to think ________.
A. twice B. over C. aloud D. otherwise
【答案】D
【解析】句意:你说你是无辜的,但是我们也有充足的理由在其他方面作考虑。考查副词的辨析。twice两次,两倍;over结束,越过,从头到尾;aloud大声地,出声地;otherwise否则,另外,在其他方面。所以选D。
18. (2018年 南京模拟试卷)Even though the way Lin Daiyu expresses her feelings may be ________ to a modern audience, it is rooted in her character and makes who she is.
A. allergic B. foreign C. sensitive D. fundamental
【答案】B
【解析】句意:即使林黛玉表达情感的方式可能对现代观众来说有些陌生,但却根植于她的性格并且造就她自身。考查形容词辨析。allergic过敏的;讨厌的; foreign外国的;陌生的;sensitive 敏感的;fundamental根本的,基础的。所以选择B。
19. (2019年 南京高三调研卷)If we just focus on how we want the future to be, we may be ________ to opportunities along the way.
A. equal B. close C. blind D. open
【答案】C
【解析】句意:如果我们仅仅专注于我们未来想成为的样子,我们可能会对沿途的机会视而不见。考查形容词以及短语辨析。be equal to等于,胜任,与……匹敌;be close to 接近,靠近;be blind to对……不了解,对……视而不见;be open to对……开放,愿意接受……。所以选C。
20. (2020年高考 哈市模拟试卷)They came back from their long walk and went into bed, ________.
A. tiredly but relaxing B. tired but relaxing
C. tiredly but relaxed D. tired but relaxed
【答案】D
【解析】句意:他们从长距离步行后回来,就上床睡觉了,虽然累,但是很放松。考查形容词作状语。tire和relax都是及物动词,前者意为“使人疲劳”;后者意为“放松”;tired和relaxed在此处为形容词作状语说明主语的特征,所以选择答案D。
III. 语法填空
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
There is a tradition in my school that when the College Entrance Examination is less than a month away, students in the ___1___(low) grades, from Senior 1 to Senior 2, all gather together on the ground in front of the teaching building and cheer on the Senior 3 students who are standing upstairs. It wasn't until I ___2___(person) took part in the activity that I understood the real ____3____(mean) of it.
I was in Senior 2 at the time. ___4___ that special night, all the Senior 3 students stood in the corridors (走廊) and looked down at the younger students below. ____5____ (vary) cheers started to resound throughout the school, wave after wave. “Believe in yourself! You deserve to win!”
___6___ (see) everyone's smiling faces around me, I thought of ___7___ famous quote from the American philosopher Henry David Thoreau: What you get by achieving your goals is not as important as what you become by achieving your goals.
Soon it will be my turn to ___8___(bless) in this way, ___9___ also means I will have to say goodbye to my school. Sad as it will be, being cheered on by so many students will still be one of the brightest ___50___(time) of my life.
【答案与解析】
1. lower 考查比较级。句意:较低年级的高一和高二所有学生聚在教学楼前,向站在楼上的高三学生鼓励加油。根据“from Senior 1 to Senior 2”可知这里指的是较低年级,用比较级,所以填lower。
2. personally 考查副词。句意:直到我亲自参加这项活动,我才明白了它的真正意思。该空格修饰动词短语took part in,用副词,所以填personally。
3. meaning 考查名词。句意:直到我亲自参加这项活动,我才明白了它的真正意思。该空格作understood的宾语,用名词,所以填meaning。
4. On 考查介词。句意:在那个特殊的晚上,所有的高三学生站在走廊里,看着下面低年级的学生。文中表示“在那个特殊的晚上”,用介词on。
5. Various 考查形容词。该空格修饰的是名词cheers,所以应该用形容词,因此填Various。
6. Seeing 考查非谓语动词。see的逻辑主语是I,它们之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词作时间状语,填Seeing。
7. a 考查冠词。句意:我想到了一个著名的格言。泛指“一个著名的格言”,famous的首字母发音是辅音,所以填不定冠词a。
8. be blessed 考查不定式。句意:很快轮到我,被以这种方式祝福,这也意味着我将和学校说再见。“轮到我”和“祝福”之间是被动关系,用不定式的被动式,所以填be blessed。
9. which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:很快轮到我,被以这种方式祝福,这也意味着我将和学校说再见。空格处作定语,修饰前面的句子,有逗号把主句与从句分开,所以是一个非限制性定语从句,关系词在从句中作主语,指代主句的内容,因此填which。
10. times 考查固定结构。句意:尽管伤心,但是被这么多同学祝福,它将是我生命中最灿烂的时光之一。one of + 可数名词复数,表示“…之一”,该结构是固定结构,所以填times。
19【2022高分攻略】高考英语二轮复习学案(通用版)
专题五 形容词与副词(原卷版)
黑龙江 哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
【考纲解读】
形容词与副词是高考必考考点之一,在高考试题中始终占很重要的地位。近几年高考对形容词和副词的考查具有“淡化语法、注重深层语义”的特点,以形容词和副词辨析为热点,并强化对形容词和副词比较等级的考查。
主要考查要点:
1. 形容词与副词词义辨析及词性转换。
2. 形容词修饰名词时的词序及形容词作状语或补足语。
3. 形容词、副词短语辨析。
4. 形容词、副词比较级结构。
【考点剖析】
一、形容词、副词词义辨析及词性转换
例1:(2021年高考 全国甲卷)After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 45_________ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
【答案】better
例2:(2021年高考 新高考I卷)The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ____58____(undoubted) help you get refreshed!
【答案】 undoubtedly
例3:(2020年高考 新课标I卷)Landing on the moon’s far side is 62 (extreme) challenging.
【答案】extremely
例4:(2020年高考 新课标I卷)Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself.
【答案】 将simply改为simple
二、形容词修饰名词时的词序及形容词作状语或补足语
例1:(2020年高考 新高考I卷) Strange, isn’t it But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ____60____(astonish).
【答案】astonished
例2:(2020年高考 哈市德强模拟试卷)Her husband's birthday is coming. After a long thought, she plans to buy a ________ wallet for him.
A. black leather small B. small black leather
C. small leather black D. black small leather
【答案】B
例3:________ , she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.
A. Shy and cautious B. Sensitive and thoughtful
C. Honest and confident D. Lighthearted and optimistic
【答案】D
例4:(2020年高考 哈市工大附中语法专项测试)John Smith, a successful businessman, has a ________ car.
A. large German white B. large white German
C. which large German D. German large white
【答案】B
三、形容词、副词短语辨析及比较级结构
例1:(2020年高考 新高考I卷) The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____59____ (hot) the spring!
【答案】 hotter
例2:(2021年高考 浙江卷) When the house was built, it was much ___39___ (small)than it is today.
【答案】smaller
例3:(2020年高考 江苏卷)The outbreak of Covid-19 has meant an _____ change in our life and work.
A. absurd B. abrupt C. allergic D. authentic
【答案】B
例4:(2019年高考 江苏卷)Unlike traditional gyms, app-backed gyms offer people ___________ options to exercise.
A. casual B. regular C. flexible D. tight
【答案】 C
【相关知识点连接】
一、形容词的基本用法
形容词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语等。
1. 作定语
(1)如果形容词所修饰的是由some,every,any,no与-body,-one,-thing构成的不定代词形容词须后置。
I have something important to tell you. 我有些重要的事情要告诉你。
You don't need anything special. 你不需要什么特别的东西。
There's nothing special in today's newspaper. 今天的报纸没什么特别的消
(2)else 修饰疑问代词(who,whom,whose,what)、疑问副词(when,where)、不定代词(something,somebody,anyone,nothing,anyone,anybody,everybody,everyone,nobody,no one)时,else要后置。
Have you got anything else to say 你们还有别的什么话要说吗?
Nobody else understands me except you. 除了你就没有别人了解了。
What else do you want 你还要什么?
(3)enough 用作形容词时,放在所修饰的名词前面或后面都可以(通常只修饰不可数名词或复数名词),放在前面的情况更常见。
There is room enough/ enough room in the bus. 公共汽车里有足够的空间。
There was not enough room for the population.
当时已经没有足够的地盘来容纳这许多人了。
(4)只作定语的形容词
英语中有些形容词只能用作定语放在名词前,不能放在名词后,即:只能用作前置定语,常见的有:chief, elder, other, live, little, very, right, southern, wooden。
Dr Lively was going to talk on that very subject today.
莱芙利博士今天原先要谈的正好是这个题目。
It was a live radio programme. 那是一个无线电实况广播节目。
(5)复合形容词只能作名词的前置定语不能作名词的后置定语,也不能作表语或补足语。
An English-speaking country 讲英语的国家
hard-wrking people 勤劳的人民
man-made satellites 人造卫星
Man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
许多国家都向太空发射了人造卫星。
Generally, people from English-speaking countries do not touch each other very much. 一般说来,来自于讲英语国家的人彼此间接触不是很多。
(6)在old,long,wide,high,deep表示长度、宽度、高度、深度等词组中,与数词连用时,形容词或副词放在表示长度的名词之后。
The Mediterranean is more than 3,700km long, and is 1,800km wide at its widest point. 地中海的长度有多3,700公里,最宽处的宽度是1,800公里。
It (The squid) is eaten by a type of whale call the sperm whale, which is over 18 meters long. 有一种名叫巨头鲸的鲸鱼,长度超过18米,它吃鱿鱼。
(7)多个形容词修饰时的排列顺序
当一个名词被多个形容词修饰时,其排列顺序通常是:指示代词或不定代词+数词 (序数词、基数词)+描绘性形容词+特征性形容词 (大小、长短、高低、形状、年龄、新旧)+颜色形容词+国籍或出处+物质或材料+用途、类别+中心名词。
也可归纳为:限定词→表示数量形容词→描述性形容词→表示年龄、大小、新旧、长短、高低等形容词→表示颜色的形容词→表示类别的形容词(如:国籍)→表示类别的名词(如:木)→表示用途(如:写)→ 中心名词。
The boy often wears a beautiful little red hat.
那男孩经常戴着一顶漂亮的小红帽。
I met some tall black-haired Japanese friends yesterday.
昨天我遇到了几个高个子、黑头发的日本朋友。
可借助顺口溜记忆:
描绘形状大长高,再看年龄或新老;颜色国籍出材料,作用类别往后靠。
也可通过opshacorm(此为帮助记忆而杜撰的词)记住形容词排列顺序:
op:opinion,指表示人们观点的形容词,如horrible,1ovely,nice等;
sh:shape,指表示形状的形容词,如10ng,short,round,narrow等;
a:age,指表示年龄、时代的形容词,如o1d,new,young等;
c:color,表示颜色的形容词,如red,black,orange等;
or:origin,指表示国籍、地区的形容词,如British,Canadian,German等;
m:material,指表示材料的形容词,如plastic,metal,wood等。
当这六类形容词连用时就按上述先后顺序排列。
如:an ice long new black British plastic pen
(9)带有数字的复合词语用作形容词作前置定语时,名词用单数形式
a five-year-old boy, a seven-year old girl.
(10)一些以-able 和 -ible 结尾的形容词,一般后置
This is the only solution imaginable. 这是唯一想象得到的解决方法。
(11)形容词短语作定语时要后置
The basket full of flowers is Mary's. 装满花的篮子是玛丽的。
2. 作表语
在英语中有一部分行为动词可用作系动词,后面应该跟形容词作表语。
这类常用作系动词的行为动词有:表示“变成某种状态”的动词、表示“保持某种状态”的动词、表示“感觉”的动词等。
(1)常用的表示“变成某种状态”的动词:become,go,get,grow,prove,turn,fall,make等。
When this soil is destroyed, the forest land will become sand again.
当土壤被毁坏,林地又会变成沙地。
She is growing healthy. 她的身体逐渐变好了。
Potatoes went bad in the soil. 土豆全都烂在地里了。
He turned pale when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息,脸都变白了。
(2)常用的表示“保持某种状态”的动词:be,keep,exist,remain,stay,obtain等。
The farmers don't stay long in the same place.
这些农民并不在同一个地方逗留很长的时间。
Therefore, if the tobacco companies want to remain in business, they have to encourage more young people to start smoking.
因此,如果烟草公司想要继续经营下去,就必须鼓励更多的年轻人吸烟。
(3)常用的表示“感觉”的动词:smell,taste,feel,sound,look, seem,appear等。
You mean it looks strange! 你是说这看起来奇怪!
I'll tell you something that does sound strange.
我告诉你听起来确实有些奇怪的事。
Well, it feels strange to have a twin sister. 是呀,有个孪生姐姐是觉得奇怪。
附:常作表语的形容词 afraid,alone,alive,asleep,awake等
He is afraid of falling behind the others. 他担心落后于其他人。
They were alive and as happy as ever. 他们都还活着,并且跟以前一样快活。
We are alone here. 我们在这儿独自生活。
He waits until the children are asleep. 他等到孩子们都睡着了。
It's easier to catch a sleeping lion than one that's awake.
睡着的狮子比醒着的狮子容易抓一些。
(4)表示下列意义的形容词:一般只作表语:sure(一定的),glad( 高兴的),sorry(难过的、遗憾的),ill(有病的),well(健康的)等。
Tom won't feel well till it's over. 等到它(足球赛)结束后,汤姆才会好。
I'm sure you'll find them useful. 我确信你会发现他们有用的。
I'm sorry about that argument. 很抱歉那次的争论。
(5)wooden,woolen,golden,silken一般不作表语。如不可说:The box is wooden但可说:This is a wooden box.这是一个木制盒子。
The gray stone towers take on a golden colour before turning pink.
灰色的石塔抹上一层金黄色,然后变成粉红色。
(5)不能单独作表语的形容词有:worth,worthy,fond,weekly,,monthly,yearly,wooden,woolen,golden,silken,same等。
It was worth five hundred francs at the most. 它(那条项链)最多值法郎。
His suggestion is worth consideration / considering. 他的建议值的考虑。
The Irish are fond of music and poems. 爱尔兰人很喜欢音乐和诗歌。
It appears from Monday to Saturday with a Sunday edition of Business Weekly each week. 这份报纸每周星期一到星期六出版,星期天出商业周刊版。
(6)以 a-开头的形容词不能用 very 来修饰。如不说:I'm very alone.但可说:I'm much(very much)alone.不说:The boy was very asleep.但可以说: The boy was fast asleep. 不说:very awake .但可以说:wide(broad)awake。
3. 作宾语补足语
I didn't find Chinese easy at first. 起初,我发现汉语不容易。
The death of the president made the country sad.
总统的去世使全国人民感到悲伤。
4. 作状语
Strange, she should have never seen him. 奇怪的是,她居然未见过他。
另外,fine,good,nice,bright,big等于and连接,位于另一个形容词之前作状语,修饰后面的形容词,其含义相当于副词very,quite。例如:
Mother is big and(=very) busy on Christmas Eve
我母亲在圣诞夜前夕非常忙。
It was good and(=very)cold today. 今天非常冷。
He drove the car nice and(=quite)fast. 他驾驶的非常快。
5. 名词化的形容词
有些形容词可以和定冠词 the 连用,表示一类人或物。这类形容词就成为名词化的形容词。名词化的形容词在句中主语、宾语等。如:the blind(盲人),the deaf(聋子),the living(dead)(活着的人/ 死者), the rich(富人),the poor(穷人),the young(年轻人),the old(老人),the unemployed(失业者),the wounded(伤员)等,这些名词化的形容词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。
The soil is made from the dead leaves above.
土壤是由上面的落叶腐烂而成的。
Many of the injured lost their sight. 许多受伤者丧失了视力。
The young respect the old, the old love the young. 尊老爱幼。
二、副词的基本用法
1. 副词的作用
副词和形容词一样,在句中起修饰作用。所不同的是:形容词一般对名词起修饰作用;而副词则是对动词、形容词、句子及其它结构起修饰作用。副词一般分为时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、频度副词、程度副词和疑问副词,它们主要是作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。方位、地点副词也可作表语或后置定语。
They arrived early on a Tuesday morning. (修饰arrived)
他们是在一个星期二的清早到达的。
2. 副词的位置与词序
(1) 副词在句中的位置非常灵活,可以放在句首、句未或句中。多数副词放在动词后面。如果是及物动词,则放在宾语后面。
The students watched him quietly.(句末)
学生静静地观察着。
Quietly the students watched him .(句首)
The students quietly watched him.(句中)
Very often it rains here in April. (句首)
四月份这儿常常下雨。
It very often rains here in April.(句中)
It rains here in April very often.(句末)
(2) 有些副词通常只用于句首或句末,而不用于句中,如表示地点和方向的副词和表示确切时间的副词等。 :
Here she comes! / She's coming here. 她来了。
Down came the rain. / The rain came down.下雨了。
Yesterday I met him. / I met him yesterday. 昨天我遇见他。
(3) 大多数副词既可用于句中,也可用于句末,这主要是那些方式副词和有些表示不确切时间的副词。
I don't completely agree. / I don't agree completely. 我没有全部同意。
I recently saw him there. I saw him here recently. 我最近在那儿见到他。
(4) 频度副词always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, hardly (scarcely)等在句中通常放在行为动词前,系动词、情态动词或助动词之后。
You often see musicians performing in the streets.
你经常看见音乐家在街道上演奏。
I've always been interested in geography. 我一直对地理感兴趣。
【温馨提示】
为了加强语气,可以把表示程度的副词放在句首,位于句首时,句子常用倒装结构。在构成反意疑问句时,因为它们常被看作否定词(often)除外,其附加部分常用肯定形式。
Seldom in all my life have I met such a determined person.
在我的一生中,很少遇到这么一个有决心的人。
Never before had she carried out a brain operation.
以前她从来没有动过脑手术。
(5) enough作副词修饰形容或副词作状语时,则只能位于所修饰的形容词、副词或动词之后。
I'm sorry, none of you watched carefully enough.
很遗憾,你们当中谁都观察得不够仔细。
However, after a few hours of study you will manage to know enough to save other people's lives.
然而,经过几个小时的学习后,你就会获得足够的知识去抢救别人的生命了。
(6) 英语里有一些副词,在汉语里通常不看作副词,因而特别容易引起误用。如:abroad(在国外),fresh(新鲜),home(家)live(实况、鲜活),that(那样),upstairs(楼上),downstairs(楼下),indoors(室内),weekend(周末),far(远),outdoors(室外)例如:
I'm not that foolish. 我可不那么傻。
It'll be the biggest live concert the world has ever seen.
那场音乐会将是全世界的人曾经见过的最大的一场现场直播音乐会。
On day the man upstairs heard the sound of children playing in the park.
一天楼上那个人听到了孩子们在公园玩耍的声音。
三、形容词与副词的级
形容词和副词一般有三个级:原级、比较级和最高级。当它们表示“较”和“最”的意义时,要用比较级和最高级形式。
比较级的基本构成形式为:形容词/副词+er 或 more+多音节形容词 /副词;
最高级的基本形式为:形容词 / 副词 +est 或most + 多音节形容词 / 副词。
1. 有关比较级形式应注意点
(1) 以-ow,-er,-le结尾的部分双音节词,其比较级、最高级常仍通过词尾变化而构成。如:narrow →narrower →narrowest ;clever →cleverer →cleverest;simple →simpler → simplest
(2) 有些形容词由于本身的涵义,根本不用比较。这类不能用作比较的形容词常见的有:circular(环行的)daily(每日的)empty(空的)false(假的)infinite(无限的)matchless(无敌的)monthly(每月的)perfect(完美的)right(对的)round(圆的)square(正方形的)true(真的)unique(独一无二的)wooden(木制的)wrong(错的)double(双倍的)central(中间的)middle(中等的)west(西方的)dead(死的),living(活着的),excellent(优秀的)Chinese(Japanese.......中国人的, 日本人的.......)Asian(American.......亚洲的,美国的)等,也不能与very,too,enough等词连用。
(3) 某些形容词本身已是比较级的形式,在用作“比较”时后面应跟to,而不是than。这一类形容词常见的有:anterior(前面的)inferior(下等的)junior(年少的)senior(年长的)superior(较高的)posterior(以后的)prior(顺序在先)。
The supply is equal to the demand. 供求平衡。
My voice is similar to my mother's. 我的嗓音与我母亲的相似。
Women are inferior to men in jumping high. 女子跳高不如男子。
Mr Black is senior to me in our factory.
在我们工厂里,布莱克先生的职位在我之上。
Poverty is preferable to ill-health.宁可没钱,也不可没有健康的体魄。
(4) 由词根派生出来的以- ly 结尾的副词及一些表示频率的时间副词构成比较级和最高级时,多半在其前分别加 more 和most。
slowly →more slowly →most slowly;often →more often →most often
(5) 有些形容词有两种不同的比较级和最高级,各有不同的含义。这类形容词常见的有:
原级 比较级 最高级
(远的) father(较远的) farthest(最远的)
further(较远的,进一步的) furthest(最远的,尽量的)
(近的) nearer(较近的) Nearest最近的(指距离)
Next其次的(指顺序)
(迟的) later(较迟的) Latest最迟的,最近的(指时间)
latter(后者,居后的) Last最后的(指顺序)
旧的,老的 older(较老的,较旧的) oldest(最老的,最旧的)
elder(出生早的,排行居上的) eldest(出生最早的,排行最大的)
(6) 注意有些形容词和副词的比较级、和最高级是不规则的。常见的有:
形容词 副 词
原级 最高级 原级 最高级
good, well best well Best
bad, ill worst badly worst
Many, much most much most
Few fewest few fewest
Little least little least
Far farthest far farthest(furthest)
2. 形容词和副词的原级比较
(1)表示两者在某一方面程度相同的结构
① as+形容词/副词(原级)+ as +比较状语从句(即比较对象)。
Maths is as interesting as English. 数学和英语一样有趣。
注意:表示某方不如另一方时,要用结构。
not so (as)+形容词/副词(原级)+ as +比较状语从句(即比较对象)。
Tom is not so active in class as Mary. 汤姆在课堂上没有玛丽活跃。
He cannot do it as well as he used to. 他做这个没有他过去做得好。
②当同级比较的形容词为same时,前面通常不用as,而用the。
At first, the language stayed the same as the language used in Britain.
起初,这种语言同在英国使用的语言仍然相同。
Do you think his jacket is the same as mine
你认为他的茄克衫同我的一样吗?
③当同级比较的形容词与单数可数名词连用时,应注意不定冠词的位置,通常是:as+ a(an) + 形容词+单数可数名词 + as。
Exercise is as good a way as any to lose unwanted weight.
运动是跟其它减肥方法一样好的方法。
This is as good as a map as any. 这是一幅跟其它地图一样好的地图。
④同级比较结构还常用状语just, almost, far, three times (三倍)等修饰,这些状语应放在第一个as或so之前。
After the experiment, the plant is four times as tall as it was before.在实验以后这种植物为过去高度的四倍。
(2)程度不等的比较
①表示某人(某物)在某一方面超过别人或别的物体时,要用比较结构。
形容词 / 副词(比较级)+ than(连词)+比较状语从句(比较对象)例如:
Doing this more difficult in English than in Chinese.
用英文写标题比用中文写标题难。
②形容词和副词的比较级前也可用much, far, a lot, no, a little, still, ever, three times等副词修饰。
This book is much thicker than that one这本书比那本书厚得多.
③表示一方不及(如)另一方时,用“less+原级+than”的结构表示。要避免less与fewer的误用,less是little的比较级,应跟不可数名词。fewer是few的比较级,应跟可数名词。
The Chinese eat less sugar than many other countries in the world.
中国人吃的糖比世界上其它许多国家的人(吃的糖)都少。
(3)句型结构的使用
①“more and more ”表示“越来越……”的意思。
After that more and more countries joined in the games.
此后,越来越多的国家参加了比赛。
②用于比较的“the...the”结构表示“越……越……”。
它的结构要用“the+形容词 / 副词(比较级)+其它,the+形容词 / 副词(比较级)+其它”,句中常出现倒装。
The more he explains, the more I am puzzled. 他越解释,我就越糊涂。
The sooner you do it, the better it will be. 你越早做那件事就越好。
③all the + 比较级,表示“更加”的意思。
Failure is the mother of success. You will be all the better for your failure.
失败是成功之母;你会因为失败而变得更好。
As a result, poor people became all the poorer. 因此,穷人变得更穷。
(4)表示“倍数”的比较级有如下几种句型:
①A is ... times +adj./adv. (比较级) + than + B
此句型表示“A是B的……倍(大、小、高、低等)”
After the experiment, the plant is four times taller than it was before.
在实验后,这种植物为过去高度的四倍。
Line AB is 3 times longer than Line CD. AB线段是CD线段的三倍。
另外:还可以用A is ... times as+adj./adv.(原级)+as B句型表示A是B的……倍。如上述例句按此句型改写为:
Line AB is 3 times as long as Line CD.
After the experiment, the plant is four times as tall as it was before.
② A is three(four, ...etc.) times the size (height, length, width,etc) of B.
The new building is four times the size(the height) of the old one.
这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。
或者:这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍(高三倍。
③A is three(four, ... etc) times as big (high, long, wide, etc) as B.
用times表示倍数,一般只限于表示包括基数在内的三倍或三倍以上的数。表示两倍可用 twice或 double。
Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)
(5)用名词表示“量”的倍数时,可用以下两个句型:
④...倍数 + more + 名词 + than ...
There are four times more books in our library than yours.
我们图书馆藏书是你们的四倍。(多三倍)
⑤……倍数 + as many (as much) + 名词 + 其它+ as……
There is three times as much water in this river as in that one.
这条河的水量是那条河的三倍。
3. 最高级表达形式及用法
(1)三个或三个以上的人或事物相比,其中一个人或事物在某方面比其他都好,这就要使用形容词与副词的最高级。
其结构为:the+形容词/副词(最高级)+其他+of(in,among)+(比较范围)
This is the happiest day in my life. 这是我一生中最快乐的一天。
This is one of the best novels that I have ever read.
这是我所看过的小说中最好的一本。
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长的河流。
(2)最高级的副词和形容词的比较应该有一个范围,这个范围通常由介词of,in,among+名(代)词构成的介词短语来表示。
Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers in the school.
赵小姐是学校里最受欢迎的教师之一。
Of all the students, Wang Bing reads (the) most correctly.
在所有的这些学生当中王冰读得最准确。
They all came early but she came (the) earliest of all.
他们都来得很早,但她来得最早。
4.比较级表示最高级的几个句型:
最高级表示的最常见形式是“主语+谓语+the most……(-est) + 比较范围。”除此之外,常见的表达最高级含义的比较级结构还有:
(1)主语 + 谓语 + 比较级 + than the others
This one is much larger than the others. 这一个比其它大的多得多。
He is taller than the others in his class. 他比班上其他人都高。
(2)主语 + 谓语 + 比较级 + than anyone (anybody, anything)else
Many years ago, there lived an emperor, who care more for fine clothes than for anything else. 许多年以前,有一位皇帝,他喜爱衣服胜过任何其它东西。
He is stronger than anyone else in his class. 他比班上的任何人都强壮。
His handwriting is much better than anyone else's. 他的书法比其他人都好
(3)主语+谓语+比较级 + than any other +单数名词
I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject.
我想汉语比任何的课程更受欢迎。
Tom is taller than any other student in our class.
汤姆在我们班比其他任何一个学生都高。
India produces more films than any other country in the world.
印度是世界上拍摄电影最多的国家。
(4)主语 + 谓语 + 比较级 + than any of the others.
The student has made more progress in the studies than any of the others.
这个学生在学习上取得的进步比别的都快。
(5)主语 + 谓语 + 比较级 + than any other.
She is more intelligent than any others in her class.
她比她班上的任何人都勤奋。
(6)主语 + 谓语 + 比较级+ than + the other +复数名词
The last lesson is more difficult than the other lessons in this textbook.
最后一课比课本中任何其他课都难。
(7) 比较级+ than any of the other + 复数名词
The sun is nearer to us than any of the other stars.
太阳比其它的行星更靠近我们。
(8)主语 + 谓语 + 比较级 + than all the others.
The Great Pyramid is bigger than all the others. 大金字塔要比其它的都大。
(9)No one + 谓语 + 比较级 + than sb./ sth.
No one can be more fit for his office than he is. 没有人比他更称职了。
(10)No other + 单数名词 + 谓语 + 比较级 + than sb./ sth.
No other river is longer than the Changjiang River in Asia.
在亚洲,没有其它的河比长江长。
(11) 主语+谓语+比较级 + than any +单数名词
Canada is larger than any country in Asia. 加拿大比亚洲任何一个国家都大。
Tokyo is larger than any city in Africa. 东京比非洲任何一个城市都大。
(12)主语 + 谓语 + 比较级+ than ever (before).
Today, new foods are travelling faster than ever before.
今天新的食物比以往运输的更快。
As a result, the number of people who travel by plane in China is larger ever before. 结果是,在中国乘飞机旅行人的数目比以往要多。
(13)否定词nobody(else)/ nothing(else)/ no one (else) / not / never等 +比较级+ than
Nowhere else in the world can there be such a quiet beautiful place.
在世界上没有比这更安静、更美丽的地方了。
I can't give you better advice than that.这是我所给你的最好的建议。
(14)Nobody (No one, Nothing...) + 比较级+ than sb.(sth.)
Nothing is more unpleasant than to find insects in your bath.
没有什么比在你的浴盆里发现虫子更令人不快了。
(15)No (never...) + 比较级+ than...
He is no more able to read Chinese than I . 他和我一样都看不懂中文。
This boxing match is no less exciting than the football match.
这场拳击比赛和那场足球赛一样激动人心。
【强化训练】
I. 改错(题1-3)或 填空(题4-11)
1. (2021年高考 全国乙卷 改错)What’s most, doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study.
2. (2020年高考 新课标II卷 改错)I’m surely you’ll have a good time.
3. (2020年高考 新课标II卷 改错)Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together on every day.
4. (2021年高考 全国甲卷)We hired our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all the way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly, you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or, just to watch the local people going about their ____50____ (day) routines.
5. (2020年高考 新课标II卷)The ____69____(beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
6. (2020年高考 新课标II卷)Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. 66 (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.
7. (2020年高考 新课标I卷)Data about the moon’s composition, such as how ____69_____ ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
8. (2020年高考 新课标III卷)As the small boat moved, 68________(gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
9. (2020年高考山东卷)In the 18th and 19th centuries, 36 (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.
10. (2019年高考 新课标III卷)On our way to the house,it was raining ___61___ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
11. (2018 新课标II卷)A taste for meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
II. 单项选择
12. (2021年高考 天津卷))While rock-climbing, you need to remain very _____ so that you won't make any dangerous errors.
A. satisfied B. focused C. amused D. delighted
13. (2021年高考 天津卷)As working from home becomes ________ common, people are finding it easier to combine parenthood with a full-time career.
A. increasingly B. equally C. nervously D. confusingly
14. (2020年高考 天津卷) According to Professor Johnson, we don’t have to read the book if we don’t want to, as it is ______.
A. worthwhile B. necessary C. optional D. serious
15. (2020年高考 哈市模拟试卷)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But _______ explanations are hard to find.
A. alternative B. aggressive C. ambiguous D. apparent
16. (2018年高考 江苏卷)Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is _____ to invest in sufficient training for his staff.
A. keen B. reluctant C. anxious D. ready
17. (2019年 南京高三调研卷)You say you are innocent, but we have good reasons to think ________.
A. twice B. over C. aloud D. otherwise
18. (2018年 南京模拟试卷)Even though the way Lin Daiyu expresses her feelings may be ________ to a modern audience, it is rooted in her character and makes who she is.
A. allergic B. foreign C. sensitive D. fundamental
19. (2019年 南京高三调研卷)If we just focus on how we want the future to be, we may be ________ to opportunities along the way.
A. equal B. close C. blind D. open
20. (2020年高考 哈市模拟试卷)They came back from their long walk and went into bed, ________.
A. tiredly but relaxing B. tired but relaxing
C. tiredly but relaxed D. tired but relaxed
III. 语法填空
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
There is a tradition in my school that when the College Entrance Examination is less than a month away, students in the ___1___(low) grades, from Senior 1 to Senior 2, all gather together on the ground in front of the teaching building and cheer on the Senior 3 students who are standing upstairs. It wasn't until I ___2___(person) took part in the activity that I understood the real ____3____(mean) of it.
I was in Senior 2 at the time. ___4___ that special night, all the Senior 3 students stood in the corridors (走廊) and looked down at the younger students below. ____5____ (vary) cheers started to resound throughout the school, wave after wave. “Believe in yourself! You deserve to win!”
___6___ (see) everyone's smiling faces around me, I thought of ___7___ famous quote from the American philosopher Henry David Thoreau: What you get by achieving your goals is not as important as what you become by achieving your goals.
Soon it will be my turn to ___8___(bless) in this way, ___9___ also means I will have to say goodbye to my school. Sad as it will be, being cheered on by so many students will still be one of the brightest ___50___(time) of my life.
19