2022年牛津深圳版中考英语阅读理解之--猜测词义解题技巧

中考英语阅读理解之---猜测词义解题技巧
If you come across the new words when reading,
What will you do
Guess the Meaning of the Word
1.It will be very hard but also very brittle------that is , it will break easily.
2. The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650yuan a year.
3. A calendar is a list of the days, weeks, months of a year.
批注：在我们做阅读的时候，经常会碰到一些生词哦！所以在阅读过程中，掌握一些常见的猜测生词的方法，对于扫清阅读障碍，准确的理解文章是很有好处的。
方法一：
定义法，同位关系
定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由is， or， that is (to say), in other words，refer to，mean， be called，be known as, 等词汇或破折号来表示 。同位关系及对上、下一句话的解释说明或概括总结。
The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.
2..A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood.
3..A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.
4.Some organizations of United Nations prefer to take on Polyglots as their workers—those who can understand as well as speak many languages
5..He knows a famous cardiologist. A cardiologist is a doctor who specializes in heart diseases.
6.In summer the weather is very hot, sometimes it causes a dry period ,in other words, drought.
7.The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the south pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly, it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.
有时，我们还可根据定语从句或同位语对其修饰的先行词的词义做出推测。例如：
1.Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.
2.His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals.
3.The herdsman ,who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
方法二：
2.根据同义词，反义词关系
通过冒号，such as , like, for example, for instance等同义词及but，while, however，despite，in spite of ,yet，otherwise，though, instead ,yet ,on the other hand, on the contrary等表示意义转折的连词可以推测词义。
1.You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning.
2.Though Tom's face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.
3.John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things；his wife, however, is very thrifty.
4.In the world, some are well off while others are poor.
5. If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent, write “No”.
6.Although people in many countries consider raw meat a delicacy(美味), we Chinese people seldom eat any meat that is uncooked.
7.Unlike his sister, who is a warm, interested person, John is apathetic to everyone and everything
8.In the northern regions the winters are generally cold and humid, and the summers hot and dry.
9.Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.
10.The big farms are getting bigger while the small ones are slowly dwindling.
方法三：
3.根据因果关系
常用关联词(如because，as，since，for so，thus，as a result，so, so … that, such … that，therefore等)表示前因后果。
1.Although the early morning had been very cool, the noonday sun was tropical.
2.His trying to unlock the door was futile, because she was using the wrong key.
3.She did not hear what you said because she was engrossed in her reading.
4. She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.
5.The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.
6.The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.
7.John asked the bank for a small loan so that he could repair his house.
8.That old man was so decrepit that he could hardly walk
9.She felt miserable, for her parents both died weeks ago.
10.The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken .Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.
A going on for a long time B that may be permitted C not very strong D in a bad condition
11.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
A .very large B. crowed C. noisy D. good
方法四：
4.根据生活常识猜测词义
运用逻辑推理能力，自身的生活经验及生活常识，根据上下文能读懂的部分，可以正确猜出词义。如：
1. Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods, and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects.
2.Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold.
3.It’s really cold out tonight. My hands are practically numb.
4.. The snake slithered through the grass.
5..The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel.
6.Metal contrasts as it becomes cool.
7.One of symptoms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever.
8..Fishes live in water and have fins which help them to swim. Most fishes have slimy skins covered with scales, so it is difficult to get firm hold of them.
方法五：
5.根据构词法知识猜测词义
根据学过的构词法知识，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出由它们组成的新词词义。
1.The colors of Hawaii in summer are unforgettable.
2.Our soldiers won a decisive victory in the battle.
3.That country is underdeveloped and the living conditions are rather low.
4.Colourful wall-paper would brighten（up）the room.
5.However, most of our ideas about the futures are really very short-sighted, perhaps we can see some possibilities for the next fifty years. But the next hundred the next thousand…
6.. Don’t listen to his nonsense.
A. foolish talk; meaningless words B.beautiful words C. clever talk; meaningful words 7.. He misunderstood me.
A.understood wrongly B.understood rightly C.don’t understand
8.. He lived a hard life in pre-liberation days.
A. before liberation B.after liberation C. since liberation
猜测词义题常见设问方式:
refers to/probably means…
replaced by…
stands for…
Mean…
be defined as…
take the place of…
closest in meaning to…
roughly means…
【课堂跟踪练习】
一，猜测下列单词的意思
1、The old woman had a strange habit. She kept over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbors all called her eccentric lady.
2、Unlike his brother, who is truly handsome man, John is quite homely.
3、 Many people are playing poker. This card game has often been of considerable interest to people.
4、His sister and brother, can’t stand on their feet, collapsed on the ground.
5、I like many musical instruments such as piano, violin and guitar.
We are on the night shift ----from midnight to 8 a.m. this week.
The biggest power failure happened yesterday. All of our ice cream and frozen foods melted.
二，选择划线部分单词的意思
1． Archaeology is the study of the buried remains of ancient times, such as houses, pots, tools and weapons.
A. 地理学　　　 B. 生态学　　　 C. 心理学　　　 D. 考古学
2． This strict officer is a martinet, a person who demands total obedience（服从）to rules, discipline and orders.
A. 专制的人　B. 软弱的人 C. 强硬的人　 D. 要求严格服从纪律和命令的人
3．Though Mr. Smith has been general manager for just 3 months, he has already made much greater achievements than his predecessors.
A. 上级　　　　　 B. 前任　　　　　 C. 同事　　　　　 D. 下级
4． The football game was getting more and more exciting, however, the old lady was still as dozy as she usually was.
A. 昏昏欲睡的　　　B. 亢奋的　　　　 C. 欣喜若狂的　　　 D. 麻木的
5． All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because he was using the wrong key.
A. 成功的　　　　　B. 徒劳的　　　　C. 有效的　　　　　 D. 匆促的
6． She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.
A. 心不在焉的　　　　　 B. 紧张的　　　　 C. 全神贯注的　　　 D. 睡意浓的
7． In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold.
A. 流泪　　　　　 B. 乞讨　　　　　 C. 呻吟　　　　　 D. 颤抖
8． The hot tropical weather created a feeling of lassitude and encouraged laziness.
A. 兴奋　　　　　 B. 厌恶　　　　　 C. 清醒　　　　　 D. 疲倦
9．To quite a great many people, money is an irresistible temptation（诱惑）.
A. 不可抗拒的　　 B. 可抗拒的　　 C. 接受的　　 D. 不可接受的
10.When everyone agrees on a decision, the decision is unanimous.
A. 无效的 B. 一致通过的 C. 匿名的 D.有价值的
11. A food that contains good and healthy things is nutritious.
A. 有营养的 B.鼓励的 C.珍贵的 D.稀少的
12. The farmer is the most important person in the movie. He is the hero.
A.英雄 B.主角 C.偶像 D.象征
13.I'm a resolute man. Once I set up a goal, I won't give it up easily.
A. frighten B. brave and careless C. firm D. angry
【课外巩固练习】
原文1：In the daytime, for about six hours, the water rises higher and higher on the beach. And then it goes down for about six hours. The same thing happens again at night. There are two high tides and two low tides every 24 hours.
1、The underlined word "tides“ in the passage means____.
A、洋流 B、潮汐 C、海啸 D、波浪
原文2：people are already working to develop different ways to communicate wirelessly with devices we use every day. For example, it is already possible for cell phone to communicate with laptop computers. Business people using laptops during meetings call use their cell phones as remote controls.
2、The underlined words "laptop computers" mean_____
A、台式计算机 B、大型计算机 C、便携式计算机 D、计算机控制中心
原文3：The cinema audience liked him because he was lazy and greedy(贪婪的).
3、The underlined word "audience" in the second paragraph means____.
A、reads B、formal interview C、law freedom D、the people who watch a film at a cinema
原文4：The drought began in January, 1982. El Nino often occurs at this time of year.
4、The underlined word "occurs" in the passage means_____.
A、发生 B、发展 C、消失 D、减弱