2022年中考英语二轮专题复习课件：专题4 代词（60张ppt）

(共60张PPT)
第二篇　攻专题 · 能力提升
第一部分　中考语法专题突破
专题四　代词
知识网络
代词
考点精析
考点1　人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
知识精讲
1.人称代词的用法
格 功能 举例
主格 主语 We love peace.我们热爱和平。
宾格 宾语 The sun gives us light and heat.太阳给我们提供光和热。(作动词的宾语)
His parents are looking for him.他的父母正在找他。(作介词的宾语)
表语 —Who is it？谁呀？—It's me.是我。
(1)人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。主格在句中作主语；宾格作及物动词或介词的宾语、be动词的表语。
(2)人称代词的语序：单数人称代词并列作主语时，在句中的排列顺序为“二、三、一人称(you，he/she and I)”；复数人称代词并列作主语时，在句中的排列顺序为“一、二、三人称(we，you and they)”。
人称代词分两格，主格宾格来分说，主格句中作主语，宾语用的是宾格；句首动前用主格，动后介后用宾格；人称代词并列现，排列顺序记心间；单数形式二、三、一，复数形式一、二、三；若把错误责任担，第一人称要当先。
2.物主代词的用法
种类 功能 举例
形容词性物主代词 定语 This is my book.这是我的书。
名词性物主代词 主语 May I use your pen Yours works better.我可以用一用你的钢笔吗？ 你的笔比我的好用。
宾语 He likes my house.But I don't like his.他喜欢我的房子。但我不喜欢他的。
表语 This pen is hers.这支钢笔是她的。
(1)形容词性物主代词在句中作定语修饰名词，不能单独使用。
(2)名词性物主代词常用来指代前面提到的名词，在句子中作主语、宾语和表语，相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”。
形物代词能力差，自己不能来当家；句子当中作定语，后面要把名词加。名物代词能力强，自己独来又独往；句子成分主表宾，后面名词不能跟。
3.反身代词的用法
功能 举例
宾语 She teaches herself English.她自学英语。
同位语 I myself did it.＝I did it myself.我自己做到了。
表语 I'm not quite myself today.我今天情绪不好。
常见含反身代词的固定搭配：by oneself 单独地，独自地；enjoy oneself 玩得愉快；teach oneself...＝learn...by oneself自学；come to oneself苏醒；help oneself to sth.随便吃/用……
1．首先根据句中的关键词或语境来判断所需的对应人称，然后根据空格前后所给的词汇来明确该人称的正确形式。也可以先根据句子结构判断用形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词还是反身代词，再判断用第几人称。
方法突破
【例题】 (2021·河北)This isn't my dictionary.________ is over there，on the desk.
A．His B．Mine
C．Hers D．Yours
【答案】B
【解析】his他的，既可作形容词性物主代词，也可作名词性物主代词；mine(我的)、hers(她的)和yours(你的，你们的)都是名词性物主代词。空格处在句中作主语，用名词性物主代词。结合前一句“This isn't my dictionary.”可知，此处表示“我的(词典)”，用mine。
【跟进训练1】 (2021·辽宁大连)Mike moved to China with ___ family two years ago.
A．he B．him
C．his D．himself
C　
2．根据固定搭配确定正确答案。
【例题】 (2021·吉林改编)My mother made some zongzi by________on the Dragon Boat Festival.
A．she B．hers
C．herself D．her
【答案】C
【解析】此处考查固定搭配by oneself，意为“独自”，故选反身代词herself。句意：我妈妈在端午节自己包了一些粽子。
【跟进训练2】 (2021·辽宁朝阳)—Who is that tall man over there
—Oh，he is ___ teacher and he teaches ________ geography.
A．our；us B．us；us
C．our；our D．us；our
A　
1．辨析the other、the others、others与another
(详细用法见本书P17)
2．辨析either、neither、both、all、any与none
(详细用法见本书P29)
3．辨析a little、little、a few与few
(详细用法见本书P21)
考点2　普通不定代词的用法
知识精讲
4．辨析many与much
词条 意义及用法
many 意为“许多”，修饰可数名词的复数形式
much 意为“许多”，修饰不可数名词
5．辨析some与any
(详细用法见本书P4)
6．辨析each与every
词条 each every
用法 用作形容词或代词，作代词时可单独使用 用作形容词，不可单独使用
强调个体 强调整体
指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的“每一个” 指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的“每一个”
后可加of短语 后不可加of短语
“each/every＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式 解答辨析普通不定代词的题时，考生要清楚每个不定代词的用法，然后分析语境，找出关键词，明确代词指代的对象。
【例题】 (2021·黑龙江大庆)On the website，you can chat with ________ in English to improve your spoken English.
A．other B．another
C．the other D．others
【答案】D
方法突破
【解析】other其他的(后接名词)；another三者及三者以上的另一个(后接单数名词)；the other两者中的另一个(后接名词)；others其他的人或物(后不再跟名词)。根据空格后没有名词可选others。
【跟进训练3】 (2021·黑龙江齐齐哈尔改编)—Which of the two T-shirts do you want
—___.One is too big and the other is too small.Could you show me another one
A．Either B．Both
C．Neither D．All
C　
考点3　复合不定代词
构成 举例 用法
some- somebody某人；someone某人；something某事/物 ①some-构成的复合不定代词常用于肯定句中；也可用于表达建议或请求的疑问句中，表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答；any-构成的复合不定代词常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中；
②当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时，必须放在复合不定代词之后；
③复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语和表语，不能作定语。作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数
any- anybody任何人；anyone任何人；anything任何事/物 no- nobody没有人；no one没有人；nothing没有东西 every- everybody每个人；everyone每人；everything每件事/物
知识精讲
在解答辨析复合不定代词的题时，要通过分析语境、查看关键语句、判断句子类型(肯定句、否定句还是疑问句)等，明确代词所指代的对象。
【例题】 (2019·江苏宿迁)As the lights in the room went out，it was very dark and ________ could be seen clearly.
A．something B．anything
C．everything D．nothing
方法突破
【答案】D
【解析】句意：房间里的灯灭了，天很黑，________能被看清。something某物；anything任何东西(用于否定句、疑问句)；everything每件东西；nothing没有东西。根据“it was very dark”可知什么也看不清。
【跟进训练4】(2021·辽宁营口)He was too sad to say___ when he heard the bad news.
A．something B．anything
C．everything D．nothing
B　
1．this、that、one与it的用法
考点4　this、that、one与it的用法
词条 用法 举例
this 是指示代词，指离自己较近的人或物，复数形式为these This is my father.这是我爸爸。
知识精讲
词条 用法 举例
that 是指示代词，指离自己较远的人或物，复数形式为those；还可用在比较级结构中，代替前面出现的可数名词或单数不可数名词，即同类异物 That is my sister.那是我妹妹。
This house is bigger than that one.这座房子比那座大。
one 是泛指，指代上文提到的同一对象中的一个，即同类不同物；复数形式是ones Your bike looks beautiful.I want to buy one.你的自行车看起来真漂亮。我想买一辆。
词条 用法 举例
it 是特指，指代上文提到的同一对象，即同类同物 There is an apple on the table.It is red.桌子上有一个苹果。它是红的。
2.代词it的特殊用法
用法 例句或常用结构
it可表示天气、时间、距离等，此时it不意为“它” It's cold in this room.这个房间里很冷。
It's already half past nine.已经九点半了。
It's five kilometers from here to the railway station.从这里到火车站有五千米远。
it还可指代婴儿或不明身份的人 Someone is knocking at the door.Please go and see who it is.有人在敲门。请去看看是谁。
用法 例句或常用结构
it作主语(特殊句型) ①It's time (for sb.) to do sth.是(某人)做某事的时候了。
It's time for sth.是时候做某事了。
②It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.(某人)花……时间做某事。
③It's＋adj.＋of sb.to do sth.某人做某事真是太……了。
It's＋adj.＋for sb.to do sth.对某人来讲，做某事是……的。
④It seems/seemed that 好像/似乎……
⑤It is/has been＋时间段＋since...
自从……以来，已经过了……
用法 例句或常用结构
it作形式宾语 find/think/make/feel it＋adj.＋to do sth.发现/认为/使/感觉做某事是……
考生在解答辨析this、that、one与it的试题时，首先要清楚每个代词的用法，然后结合语境明确答案。
【例题】 (2019·山东日照)We do not want a trade war，but we are not afraid of fighting ________.
A．it B．one
C．that D．this
【答案】A
方法突破
【解析】句意：我们不想打贸易战，但是我们并不怕打。空格处作fight的宾语，分析语境可知，此处指代前半句中的a trade war，故选it。one是泛指前面提到的同一对象的一个，即同类不同物；that特指远处的某人或某物；this特指近处的某人或某物。
【跟进训练5】 (2019·甘肃天水)—Excuse me，I want some books，but I can't find a bookstore here.
—I know ___ on my way e with me，please.
A．one B．this
C．it D．that
A　
考点5　疑问代词
词条 含义 用法
who 谁 对人(代词主格)提问，询问人物、身份
whom 谁 对人(代词宾格)提问，询问人物
whose 谁的 询问所属关系
what 什么 对具体的事物提问
which 哪一个 对一定范围内的人或事物提问
知识精讲
考生在做疑问代词辨析的题时，首先需清楚每个疑问代词的用法，然后明确询问的对象、疑问代词在句中的成分，最终确定答案。
【例题】 —________notebook is it
—It's Jane's.
A．Who B．Which
C．What D．Whose
方法突破
【答案】D
【解析】who谁；which哪一个；what什么；whose谁的。空后有名词notebook，且结合答语“It's Jane's.(它是简的)”可知，问句是询问物品归属，用whose提问。
【跟进训练6】—___shirt do you prefer，the white one or the black one
—The white one.
A．What B．Whom
C．Which D．Who
C　
1．(2020·南充改编)I can give the lecture for you. You can trust _______(I).
2．(2020·成都改编)We should keep on trying with confidence 　_____________(we) even after we have experienced failures in life.
3. (2020·自贡改编)As soon as the pizza was out of the oven, he delivered it to the queen _________ (him).
四川中考真题精练
me　
ourselves　
himself　
4．(2020·眉山改编)“Although it was difficult at first, I gradually got used to eating and getting dressed by_________(I)，”Zhang Jiacheng said.
5．(2021·泸州)—Is this Linda's notebook
—No，it's mine.The thick one on the desk is___.
A．she B．her
C．hers D．herself
C　
myself　
6．(2020·泸州)—Who is the man in black over there
—Mr.Smith.He teaches ___ math.
A．we B．our
C．us D．ourselves
7．(2019·泸州)—Have you heard of the news about America and Russia
—News？No，I haven't.Tell me about ___.
A．them B．her
C．it D．him
C　
C　
8．(2021·达州)The two books are _____about English.You can choose ________of them to read.
A．all; both B．all; either
C．both; either D．both; neither
9．(2021·凉山州)—The earth, the only home of ____is now in danger.
—That’s for sure. It’s our duty to save it.
A．yours B．hers C．his D．ours
C　
D　
10．(2020·达州)—Oh, I forget to bring my umbrella.
—I’ve got ______. You can share ________.
A．it; my B．one; mine
C．it; I D．one; me
11．(2021·广元)—How cold here!
—Yes.The weather in Guangyuan is much colder than___ in your hometown.
A．that B．it C．this D．those
B　
A　
12．(2021·遂宁)—I bought a skirt for___.I hope you like ________.
—Thank you，Mom.I can't wait to try it on.
A．you；one B．you；it
C．me；one D．me；it
13．(2021·自贡)—What do you think of learning Chinese，David
—Actually，I find___hard to learn Chinese well in a short time.
A．that B．one C．it
B　
C　
14．(2020·成都)Molly，my dictionary is not here.Do you have___
A．it B．that C．one
15．(2020·乐山)—Mary，is that girl in a red skirt our new roommate
—Yes. Let's go and say hello to ___.
A．she B．hers C．her
C　
C　
16．(2019·乐山)—Allan，I found a red eraser under your chair.Is it yours
—Oh，yes.It's ___.Thank you，Mike.
A．me B．my C．mine
17．(2019·达州)—Hey，Jenny，which are my gifts for Father's Day
—The yellow gifts are ___ and the red ________ belong to Grandpa.
A．your；one B．yours；one C．you；ones D．yours；ones
C　
D　
18．(2019·广元)—Which do you prefer，juice or tea
—___ is OK.I don't care.
A．All B．Neither C．Either
19．(2019·遂宁)The baby is too young.Don't leave her at home by___.
A．she B．her C．hers D．herself
C　
D　
一、词汇运用。
1．(2021·黑龙江大庆)Each of ____(we) should study hard and do something for our country.
2．(2021·江苏常州)Sally，you should keep _______(you) calm when in trouble.
3．(2021·广西北部湾经济区)Children must learn how to protect 　__________ (they) in an earthquake.
2022年迎考特训
us　
yourself　
themselves　
4．(2021·山东临沂)Yesterday Alice tried paragliding and she enjoyed _________( her ) very much.
5．(2020·浙江宁波)This is our classroom and_______(你们的) is across the hall.
6．(2020·浙江台州)Your photos are lovely. Do you want to see some of ______(our)
7．(2020·浙江嘉兴改编)Sam, did you really fix the computer by　__________(your)
herself　
yours　
ours　
yourself　
二、单项选择。
1．(2020·湖北宜昌)—It's unbelievable that 5G technology is progressing in such a rapid way!
—___is impossible.
A．Something B．Anything
C．Nothing D．Everything
C　
2．(2020·江苏南京)How delicious! Did the students make the fruit salad all by ___
A．they B．them
C．their D．themselves
3．(2019·安徽)Could you stay a little longer I have ___more to tell you about the plan for tomorrow.
A．something B．everything
C．anything D．nothing
D　
A　
4．(2020·天津)I bought a present for ___.I hope you like ________.
A．your；this B．yours；that
C．you；it D．you；one
5．(2020·贵州黔东南州)—Judy，is that boy with glasses___new classmate
—Yes.Let's say hello to________.
A．we；he B．us；himself
C．ours；his D．our；him
C　
D　
6．(2019·重庆B卷)Tom is my best friend.I often play basketball with ___.
A．he B．his
C．him D．himself
7．(2019·浙江温州)Sam finds sweeping robots useful，and he plans to buy ___for his grandma.
A．it B．one
C．this D．that
C　
B　
8．(2020·北京)Mr.Jackson is a popular writer，and we all like reading ___books.
A．his B．her
C．their D．your
9．(2021·贵州安顺改编)—Did you do ___fun on your vacation，Tara
—Yes，I did.I went to Sanya.
A．everything B．anything
C．nothing D．something
A　
B　
10．(2021·湖北武汉)—There are mainly six kinds of tea in China.Which is your favorite
—Green tea，I guess.I've tried black tea，green tea and so on，and___of them have their special tastes.
A．all B．both
C．none D．neither
A　
11．(2021·辽宁本溪)—Your spoken English is perfect!
—Thank you.I think ___is better.You read English every morning.
A．mine B．its
C．yours D．hers
12．(2021·山东滨州)—Dad，could you please teach ___English
—Sure！But it's more important to learn it by ________.
A．my；yourself B．my；you
C．me；you D．me；yourself
C　
D　
13．(2021·山东东营)—Judy，why is your dog barking(吠叫) at the mirror
—Because it can't recognize(认出)___in the mirror.
A．me B．it
C．you D．itself
D　
14．(2021·贵州铜仁)—This dress is too long，please give me ___one.
—Sure，Madam.Give ________back to me and try on this one.
A．other；one B．other；it
C．another；it D．another；one
15．(2021·湖南湘西州改编)—Is this your watch
—No，it isn't.___is newer than this one.
A．I B．My C．Mine D．Me
C　
C　
16．(2021·湖南邵阳改编)―I hear Chang'e-5 brought some samples from the Moon to the Earth last year.
―Yes.It makes ___proud.
A．we B．us
C．our D．ours
17．(2021·湖北鄂州)—Are these books___
—No，they're his.
A．yours B．her
C．our D．their
B　
A　
18．(2021·湖北黄冈)—We'll have the P．E.test next week.I feel a little nervous.
—Relax！Believe in ___and practice more.
A．you B．your
C．yours D．yourself
D