2022年中考英语语法专练——定语从句（含答案）

中考英语语法专练——定语从句
【01 巩固练】
1．In children’s mind, the father is the superhero ________ can always do everything to protect the family.
A．who B．whom C．which
2．WeChat is a nice invention ________ can help people to talk to friends, share photos, ideas and feelings.
A．who B．which C．whose D．where
3．I’ve got a bottle of beer, but I haven’t got anything ________ I could open it with.
A．that B．what C．where D．which
4．I don't like the computer ________ I bought.
A．that B．whose C．what D．who
5．The program they're working on ________ many teenage problems ________ they care about.
A．covering, what. B．covers, what C．includes, that. D．including, that
6．My younger sister is looking for a job ________ is close to her home.
A．who B．whom C．which D．what
7．Harry potter is the best movie _________ I have ever seen.
A．which B．who C．what D．/
8．—Betty, what are you looking for
—I'm looking for the dictionary ________ my brother bought for me last month.
A．that B．what C．who D．whom
9．—Did Mark graduate form this university
—Yes. He was a student here from 2008 to 2012, ________ he studied very hard and was made ________ chairman of the Students' Union.
A．during which; / B．in which; / C．in which; a D．during which; the
10．We may forget ________ we started to become good friends, but we will never forget the days ________ we spent together.
A．when; which B．when; when C．that; which
11．Although we have to go our separate ways soon，I'll never forget the beautiful campus（校园）and teachers _______ have already been a part of my life.
A．which B．who C．that
12．The two hospitals________ we built two months ago have been put into good use.
A．that B．those C．where D．when
【02 提升练】
一、单项选择
1．（2021·青海）—I have read books ________ were written by Charles Dickens.
—So do I. David Copperfield is my favorite.
A．how B．who C．what D．that
2．（2021·黑龙江中考真题）Is this the museum you visited last year
A．where B．that C．in which
3．（2021·吉林中考真题）I will never forget the people _________ helped me a lot during my hard time.
A．which B．who C．whose D．whom
4．（2021·贵州中考真题）On December 31, 2020, the New Year speech ________ President Xi Jinping made encouraged us Chinese to work harder for our motherland.
A．who B．whose C．which D．what
5．（2020·广西中考真题）I like teachers________ classes are interesting and creative.
A．which B．who C．whom D．whose
6．（2020·黑龙江·中考真题）The house in ________ Lu Xun used to live is now a museum.
A．which B．where C．that
7．（2018·甘肃中考真题）I like the city _____the people are really kind and friendly.
A．that B．which C．where D．who
8．（2021·湖北中考真题）—Yuan Longping is a hero ________ is known for developing hybrid rice（杂交水稻）.
—Yes. He is a great man.
A．which B．whom C．what D．that
9．（2021·贵州中考真题）Abing’s Erquan Yingyue is a piece of music _________ has become one of China’s national treasures.
A．who B．which C．whose
10．（2021·湖北中考真题）— What can we do for the left-home children in the village ________ need help
— We could help them with their study online on weekends.
A．which B．whom C．whose D．who
二、短文综合填空（2021·湖南娄底·中考真题）
阅读下面的材料, 在空白处填入一个适当的词, 或填入括号内所给单词的正确形式（每空最多不超过三个单词）。
Walt Disney was born in 1901.The Mickey Mouse he created in 1928 made 11． （he） very famous. He died in 1966, but all his work and 12．（dream） did not die. Now people all over the world enjoy Mickey Mouse and other cartoons.
Walt Disney was a man 13． did not give up easily. One summer, Walt wanted a job in a post office, but they told him that he was too young 14．（get） it. He went home, drew some lines on his face, and wore his father’s suit and hat. Then he went back to the same office and told them he was eighteen. 15．（lucky）, he got the job at last.
Later in his life, Mr. Disney dreamed of building a new kind of amusement park. In his dream it was clean and 16．（beauty）, it was fun for people of all ages, and there 17．（be） rides for children and nice hotels for adults. Mr. Disney made a plan for this park. It was called Disneyland. Engineers told him it was impossible 18． him to achieve his dream. His family and friends 19．（think） he was mad at that time, but Mr. Disney did not give up his idea. Finally, Disneyland opened to the public and became 20． most successful amusement park in the USA．Walt Disney’s dream came true.
三、阅读补全句子（2021·江苏淮安·中考真题）
Online eating shows have attracted a lot of fans across the world. Many hosts of such shows are popular for their ability to eat too much food. But some shows have received criticism（批评）for their waste of food. Some hosts threw away a great deal of food instead of eating it up.
It is reported in Beijing News that about 50 million tons of food is thrown into rubbish bins every year. In order to stop food waste, the videos that show food waste have been cut by many video platforms（平台）, such as Douyin, Kuaishou and Bilibili.
Recently, the whole country has taken action to avoid wasting food. More than 18 provinces have made some instructions for restaurants to control food waste. In Shanxi Province, local restaurants are asked to provide half portions（半份）to avoid waste. In Wuhan, the government suggests that restaurants use “N﹣1” mode（模式）. For example, a group of 10 should only order enough food for nine people at first. More food is only brought to the table if needed.
In addition, a nationwide “Clear Your Plate” action has been launched（发起）online. Users of Sina Weibo are encouraged to share photos or videos of empty plates after finishing their meals. At the same time, new laws are also being considered. “We will make new laws to give clear instructions on avoiding food waste,” announced a government officer.
根据上面短文内容填空（每空不限一词）。
21．Some ________ shows have received criticism because they _______ .
22．According to Beijing News, about ________ tons of food is thrown into rubbish bins every year. The datum(数据) shows the problem of food waste is ______.
23．“N﹣1” mode is designed to avoid ________. If twelve people go to dinner, they had better order enough food for only ________ people at first.
24．In addition, “______”action has been launched online. Users of Sina Weibo are encouraged to share photos or videos of empty plates after they ________.
25．Our country has already ________ to ask people to save food. Moreover, it will consider making new laws to ________ on avoiding food waste
解析及答案
【01 巩固练】
1．In children’s mind, the father is the superhero ________ can always do everything to protect the family.
A．who B．whom C．which
【答案】A
【详解】句意：在孩子们的心目中，父亲是超级英雄，可以做任何事来保护家庭。
考查定语从句。此句是一个定语从句，先行词superhero指人，在从句中作主语，可以用关系词who或that，故选A。
2．WeChat is a nice invention ________ can help people to talk to friends, share photos, ideas and feelings.
A．who B．which C．whose D．where
【答案】B
【详解】句意：微信是一个很好的发明，它可以帮助人们与朋友聊天，分享照片，想法和感受。考查定语从句。who用于先行词是人时；which用于先行词是物时；whose在定语从句中作定语；where用于先行词表地点时。本句先行词invention“发明”属于物，关系词需用which或that，故选B。
3．I’ve got a bottle of beer, but I haven’t got anything ________ I could open it with.
A．that B．what C．where D．which
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我有一瓶啤酒，但我没有任何能打开它的东西。考查定语从句关系词。先行词anything是不定代词，定语从句关系词只能用that。故选A。
4．I don't like the computer ________ I bought.
A．that B．whose C．what D．who
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我不喜欢我买的那台电脑。考查定语从句。that引导定语从句，无实际意义；whose谁的；what不可引导定语从句；who谁。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词“computer”指物，在从句中作宾语，用关系词that，故选A。
5．The program they're working on ________ many teenage problems ________ they care about.
A．covering, what. B．covers, what C．includes, that. D．including, that
【答案】C
【详解】句意：他们正在进行的项目包括许多他们关心的青少年问题。考查动词和定语从句。cover覆盖；include包括；what什么；that那个。they’re working on是定语从句，修饰名词the program，因此第一空是谓语动词，排除AD两项。先行词problems后面接定语从句，定语从句中的谓语care about后缺少宾语，因此用代词that引导定语从句，故选C。
6．My younger sister is looking for a job ________ is close to her home.
A．who B．whom C．which D．what
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我妹妹正在找一份离家近的工作。考查定语从句的引导词。who关系代词，指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语；whom关系代词，指人，在定语从句中作宾语；which关系代词，指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语；what不能引导定语从句。本句中先行词是“a job”是物，且引导词在从句中作主语。故选C。
7．Harry potter is the best movie _________ I have ever seen.
A．which B．who C．what D．/
【答案】D
【详解】句意：《哈利波》特是我看过的最好的电影。考查定语从句。在定语从句中，先行词是物时关系代词用that或which，此句先行词“movie”是物，可知排除B和C；先行词“movie”被最高级修饰，可知关系代词只能用that，当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，that可省略。故选D。
8．—Betty, what are you looking for
—I'm looking for the dictionary ________ my brother bought for me last month.
A．that B．what C．who D．whom
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——贝蒂，你在找什么？——我在找我哥哥上个月给我买的那本词典。
考查定语从句的引导词。that关系代词，既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句；who关系代词，指人，在定语从句中作主语；whom关系代词，指人，在定语从句中作宾语。由句意可知，空处的词是引导定语从句且先行词“the dictionary”是物，故应为that。故选A。
9．—Did Mark graduate form this university
—Yes. He was a student here from 2008 to 2012, ________ he studied very hard and was made ________ chairman of the Students' Union.
A．during which; / B．in which; / C．in which; a D．during which; the
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——Mark是从这个大学毕业的么？——是的，2008年到2012年他是这里的一个学生，在那期间，他学习努力，并成功做了学生会的主席。考查时间介词和冠词的用法。during在……期间，后跟一段时间；in在，后跟年份或月份，或指早中晚。________ he studied very hard 是定语从句，先行词是2008 to 2012，指在2008到2012年期间，指在这段时间里，故关系代词which前用during，排除BC；/不填；a不定冠词，表示泛指；the定冠词，表示特指。根据chairman of the Students' Union“学生会主席”可知，职位和头衔前不用冠词。故选A。
10．We may forget ________ we started to become good friends, but we will never forget the days ________ we spent together.
A．when; which B．when; when C．that; which
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我们可能会忘记我们什么时候开始成为好朋友的，但我们永远不会忘记我们在一起度过的日子。考查宾语从句和定语从句的连接词。首空在谓语动词forget之后，是宾语从句，从句缺少时间状语，即：我们什么时候开始成为好朋友的，用when。第二空“we spent together”修饰先行词the days，作定语，从句中spent后缺少宾语，可填that/which/不填。故选A。
11．Although we have to go our separate ways soon，I'll never forget the beautiful campus（校园）and teachers _______ have already been a part of my life.
A．which B．who C．that
【答案】C
【详解】句意：虽然我们马上就要不得不分道扬镳，我将永远不会忘记美丽的校园和老师，他们已经是我生命中的一部分了。考查定语从句关系代词。which先行词指物；who先行词指人；that先行词有人也有物时。本题的定语从句先行词是“校园和老师”，既有人也有物，关系词用that。故选C。
12．The two hospitals________ we built two months ago have been put into good use.
A．that B．those C．where D．when
【答案】A
【详解】句意：两个月前建的那两个医院投入使用了。考查定语从句。引导词在定语从句中作宾语，不能用副词，排除C和D；those不引导定语从句；先行词 two hospitals，用关系代词that引导定语从句；选A。
【02 提升练】
一、单项选择
1．（2021·青海）—I have read books ________ were written by Charles Dickens.
—So do I. David Copperfield is my favorite.
A．how B．who C．what D．that
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——我读过查尔斯·狄更斯写的书。——我也是。大卫·科波菲尔是我的最爱。考查定语从句的引导词。how关系副词，引导定语从句，在从句中作状语；who关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为人；what不能引导定语从句；that关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语，先行词为人或物。本句中先行词为物，且引导词在从句中作主语，应用that引导定语从句。故选D。
2．（2021·黑龙江中考真题）Is this the museum you visited last year
A．where B．that C．in which
【答案】B
【详解】句意：这是你去年参观的博物馆吗？考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，先行词the museum是指物，在从句中作宾语，用关系词that，故选B。
3．（2021·吉林中考真题）I will never forget the people _________ helped me a lot during my hard time.
A．which B．who C．whose D．whom
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我永远不会忘记那些在我困难时期帮助过我的人。考查定语从句。which关系代词，指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；who关系代词，指人，在从句中作主语；whose关系代词，指人或物，在从句中作定语；whom关系代词，指人，在从句中作宾语；句子先行词是people，指人，在从句中作主语，应用who引导，故选B。
4．（2021·贵州中考真题）On December 31, 2020, the New Year speech ________ President Xi Jinping made encouraged us Chinese to work harder for our motherland.
A．who B．whose C．which D．what
【答案】C
【详解】句意：2020年12月31日，习近平主席的新年讲话鼓舞了中国人民更加努力地为祖国奋斗。考查定语从句。who关系代词，指人，作主语；whose关系代词，指人或物，作定语；which关系代词，指物，作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句；句子先行词是speech，指物，在从句中作宾语，应用which引导，故选C。
5．（2020·广西中考真题）I like teachers________ classes are interesting and creative.
A．which B．who C．whom D．whose
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我喜欢上课有趣和有创意的老师。本题考查定语从句。which的先行词是物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语；who的先行词是人，在定语从句中做主语或宾语；whom的先行词是人，在定语从句中做宾语；whose的先行词是人或物，在定语从句中做定语。本句的先行词是teachers，指人，和后面的classes构成所属关系，在定语从句中做定语，所以应用关系代词whose。故选D。
6．（2020·黑龙江·中考真题）The house in ________ Lu Xun used to live is now a museum.
A．which B．where C．that
【答案】A
【详解】句意：鲁迅故居如今是一座博物馆。考查定语从句。which在定语从句中的先行词为物；where在定语从句中的先行词为地点；that在定语从句中的先行词为人或物。根据句子结构可知，本句中的先行词The house 在后面的定语从句中作状语，本应用关系副词where引导从句。但在本题中，由于从句中live为不及物动词，不能直接加宾语，所以在关系代词之前加介词in构成了介宾结构，而介词in后只能用关系代词which，不能使用that。故选A。
7．（2018·甘肃中考真题）I like the city _____the people are really kind and friendly.
A．that B．which C．where D．who
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我喜欢这个城市，那里的人们非常善良和友好。A. that先行词是人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；B. which先行词指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；C. where先行词是地点名词，在定语从句中作状语；D. who的先行词是人，在定语从句中作主语。此句的先行词是the city，为地点名词，定语从句中缺少地点状语，引导词用where，答案为C。
8．（2021·湖北中考真题）—Yuan Longping is a hero ________ is known for developing hybrid rice（杂交水稻）.
—Yes. He is a great man.
A．which B．whom C．what D．that
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——袁隆平是以发展杂交水稻而闻名的英雄。——是的。他是个伟人。考查定语从句的引导词。which关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词为物；whom关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词为人，在从句中作宾语；what不能引导定语从句；that关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词为物或人，在从句中作主语或宾语。根据句子结构可知，空处的词是引导定语从句，先行词为人，且引导词在从句中作主语，应用that。故选D。
9．（2021·贵州中考真题）Abing’s Erquan Yingyue is a piece of music _________ has become one of China’s national treasures.
A．who B．which C．whose
【答案】B
【详解】句意：阿炳的《二泉映月》是一首已成为中国国宝之一的音乐作品。考查定语从句。who关系代词，指人，作主语；which关系代词，指物，作主语或宾语；whose关系代词，指人或物，作定语；先行词“music”，指物，在从句中作主语，应用which引导，故选B。
10．（2021·湖北中考真题）— What can we do for the left-home children in the village ________ need help
— We could help them with their study online on weekends.
A．which B．whom C．whose D．who
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——我们能为那些需要帮助的农村留守儿童做些什么呢？——我们可以在周末帮助他们在线学习。考查定语从句。which先行词指物；whom先行词指人，在从句中作宾语；whose先行词指人或物，在从句中作定语；who先行词指人，在从句中作主语。本句先行词是the left-children，指人，且空格处在从句中作主语，故用who引导定语从句。故选D。
二、短文综合填空（2021·湖南娄底·中考真题）
阅读下面的材料, 在空白处填入一个适当的词, 或填入括号内所给单词的正确形式（每空最多不超过三个单词）。
Walt Disney was born in 1901.The Mickey Mouse he created in 1928 made 11． （he） very famous. He died in 1966, but all his work and 12．（dream） did not die. Now people all over the world enjoy Mickey Mouse and other cartoons.
Walt Disney was a man 13． did not give up easily. One summer, Walt wanted a job in a post office, but they told him that he was too young 14．（get） it. He went home, drew some lines on his face, and wore his father’s suit and hat. Then he went back to the same office and told them he was eighteen. 15．（lucky）, he got the job at last.
Later in his life, Mr. Disney dreamed of building a new kind of amusement park. In his dream it was clean and 16．（beauty）, it was fun for people of all ages, and there 17．（be） rides for children and nice hotels for adults. Mr. Disney made a plan for this park. It was called Disneyland. Engineers told him it was impossible 18． him to achieve his dream. His family and friends 19．（think） he was mad at that time, but Mr. Disney did not give up his idea. Finally, Disneyland opened to the public and became 20． most successful amusement park in the USA．Walt Disney’s dream came true.
【答案】
11．him 12．dreams 13．who 14．to get 15．Luckily 16．beautiful
17．were 18．for 19．thought 20．the
【分析】
本文主要讲了沃特 迪士尼建造迪士尼乐园的故事。
11．【详解】句意：1928年他创作的米老鼠让他非常出名。句中“made”为动词，意为“使得”，后面跟代词宾格作宾语，故填him。
12．【详解】句意：他死于1966年，但是他所有的工作和梦想并没有死去。dream此处作可数名词，意为“梦想”，all后可数名词用复数形式，故填dreams。
13．【详解】句意：沃特 迪士尼是一个不轻易放弃的人。此句含有定语从句，先行词“a man”为名词，表示人，且从句中缺少主语，据此判断空格处用who，故填who。
14．【详解】句意：一个夏天，沃特想要一份在邮局的工作，但是他们告诉他他太小了不能得到它。由句中“but”和“he was too young”可知，此句是说他太小，不能得到这份工作。too…to do sth.意为 “太……以至于不能……”，故填to get。
15．【详解】句意：幸运的是，最终他获得了这份工作。由句中“he got the job at last”可知，此句是说他很幸运，此处用副词在句中作状语，lucky的副词形式为luckily，故填luckily。
16．【详解】句意：在他的梦里，它干净又漂亮。was为系动词，后跟形容词作表语，beauty为名词，要变为形容词形式beautiful，意为“漂亮的”，故填beautiful。
17．【详解】句意：在他的梦里，这里干净美丽，老少皆宜，有儿童游乐设施和成人下榻的豪华酒店。此句叙述的是过去的事，用一般过去时，rides为可数名词复数，be动词用were。故填were。
18．【详解】句意：工程师告诉他，对他来说实现梦想是不可能的。“It is+adj.+for sb. to do sth.”意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”，句中形容词修饰物，故填for。
19．【详解】句意：当时他的家人和朋友觉得他疯了。此句叙述的是过去的事，用一般过去时，故填thought。
20．【详解】句意：最后，迪斯尼乐园向公众开放，成为美国最成功的游乐园。most successful为形容词的最高级，要与定冠词the连用，故填the。
三、阅读补全句子（2021·江苏淮安·中考真题）
Online eating shows have attracted a lot of fans across the world. Many hosts of such shows are popular for their ability to eat too much food. But some shows have received criticism（批评）for their waste of food. Some hosts threw away a great deal of food instead of eating it up.
It is reported in Beijing News that about 50 million tons of food is thrown into rubbish bins every year. In order to stop food waste, the videos that show food waste have been cut by many video platforms（平台）, such as Douyin, Kuaishou and Bilibili.
Recently, the whole country has taken action to avoid wasting food. More than 18 provinces have made some instructions for restaurants to control food waste. In Shanxi Province, local restaurants are asked to provide half portions（半份）to avoid waste. In Wuhan, the government suggests that restaurants use “N﹣1” mode（模式）. For example, a group of 10 should only order enough food for nine people at first. More food is only brought to the table if needed.
In addition, a nationwide “Clear Your Plate” action has been launched（发起）online. Users of Sina Weibo are encouraged to share photos or videos of empty plates after finishing their meals. At the same time, new laws are also being considered. “We will make new laws to give clear instructions on avoiding food waste,” announced a government officer.
根据上面短文内容填空（每空不限一词）。
21．Some ________ shows have received criticism because they _______ .
22．According to Beijing News, about ________ tons of food is thrown into rubbish bins every year. The datum(数据) shows the problem of food waste is ______.
23．“N﹣1” mode is designed to avoid ________. If twelve people go to dinner, they had better order enough food for only ________ people at first.
24．In addition, “______”action has been launched online. Users of Sina Weibo are encouraged to share photos or videos of empty plates after they ________.
25．Our country has already ________ to ask people to save food. Moreover, it will consider making new laws to ________ on avoiding food waste.
【答案】
21． eating waste lots of food 22． 50 million serious
23． wasting food eleven 24． Clear Your Plate finish their meals
25． taken action give clear instructions
【分析】
本文由抖音吃播浪费食物引出了食物浪费的这一现象，并介绍了各地为了阻止食物浪费而采取的措施。
21．【详解】根据“Online eating shows have attracted a lot of fans across the world”及“But some shows have received criticism（批评）for their waste of food”可知，一些吃播因为浪费食物收到了批评，故填eating；waste lots of food。
22．【详解】根据“It is reported in Beijing News that about 50 million tons of food is thrown into rubbish bins every year”可知，每年大约有5000万吨食品被扔进垃圾箱，食物浪费问题很严重，故填50 million；serious。
23．【详解】根据“Recently, the whole country has taken action to avoid wasting food”及“For example, a group of 10 should only order enough food for nine people at first. More food is only brought to the table if needed.”可知，这个模式是为了避免食物浪费，如果10个人去吃饭，只需要点9个人的分量，那么如果是12个用餐，只点11个人的分量，故填wasting food；eleven。
24．【详解】根据“In addition, a nationwide “Clear Your Plate” action has been launched（发起）online. Users of Sina Weibo are encouraged to share photos or videos of empty plates after finishing their meals”可知，在网上兴起了“清盘”行动，用户被鼓励在饭后分享空盘子的照片或视频，故填Clear Your Plate；finish their meals。
25．【详解】根据“At the same time, new laws are also being considered. “We will make new laws to give clear instructions on avoiding food waste,” announced a government officer.”可知，国家已经采取行动来要求人们节约食物，并将制定新的法律，明确指示避免食物浪费，故填taken action；give clear instructions