UNIT 6 Survival
◎本单元语法学了什么内容？ [自我评价]
◎本单元写作练了哪个方面？
一、核心单词
1．suburb n．郊区，城郊
2．urban adj. 城镇的，城市的
3．garbage n. 垃圾
4．crucial adj. 至关重要的，关键性的
5．fuel n. 燃料
6．firefighter n. 消防队员
7．wipe v. 擦，拭，揩
8．nuclear adj. 核武器的
9．unmanned adj. 无人驾驶(操纵)的
10．orbit v. 环绕……运行
11．consist v. 由……组成
12．infer v. 推断，推定
13．astronaut n. 宇航员，太空人
14．capsule n. (航天器的)密封舱，太空舱
15．trunk n. 树干
Ⅰ.用左栏单词的适当形式填空
1．I want to write on the blackboard, so I have to wipe all the words here out.
2．The area does not consist entirely of rich people, despite popular belief.
3．Scientists believe proper books are crucial for children to develop a good reading habit.
4．Can you infer the meaning of the word from the context
5．China plans to send an unmanned spacecraft to the moon within the next three years.
6．An astronaut is a person who is trained for travelling in a spacecraft.
7．It is common knowledge that the moon orbits the earth.
8．The storm spilt a branch off from the main trunk.
二、拓展单词
1．crime n．罪，罪行→criminal n．罪犯
2．greedy adj.贪婪的，贪心的→greed n．贪婪，贪心，贪欲→greedily adv.贪心地，贪婪地，贪吃地
3．thief n．小偷，贼→theft n．偷，偷窃；盗窃罪
4．commit v．犯(错误或罪行)→commitment n．承诺；投入
5．flourish v．生长茂盛，兴盛→flourishing adj.繁荣的，欣欣向荣的，茂盛的
6．container n．容器→contain v．含有；容纳；克制(感情)
7．estimate v．估计，估算→estimation n．(对水平、数量等的)估计；判断，评价
8．migratory adj.迁徙的→migrate v．迁徙→migration n．迁徙→migrant n．移民
9．appreciate v．欣赏；赏识→appreciation n．欣赏；感激
10．restrict v．限制，控制→restriction n．限制，约束→restricted adj.有限的，受限制的；受控制的，受约束的
11．optimistic adj.乐观的；乐观主义的→optimist n．乐观的人；乐天派→optimism n．乐观；乐观主义
12．consumption n．(精力、油、电等的)消耗量→consume v．消耗→consumer n．消费者；用户
13．supplement v．补充，增补，增加→supply v．(尤指大量)供应，供给，提供→supplier n．供应者；供货商；供货方
14．react v．(作出)反应→reaction n．(对某一情形或事件的)反应；回应
15．monthly adj.每月一次的→month n．月
16．advanced adj.高级的；先进的→advance n．进步，进展 v．前进；促进 adj.预先的，在前的
17．terrifying adj.极其可怕的，骇人听闻的→terrify v．使害怕；使恐惧→terrified adj.恐惧的；受惊吓的
18．expose v．使暴露(于险境)→exposure n．暴露；面临，遭受(危险或不快)；揭露
19．dust n．沙土，尘土→dusty adj.布满灰尘的,Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed (expose) to daylight.
2．Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food that is provided by Mom with appreciation (appreciate)．
3．History is much more than the study of dusty (dust) old objects and events long past.
4．Terrified (terrify), Elli and I tried all the bear defense actions we knew.
5．On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted (restrict) to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad.
6．What was the reaction (react) of the public to Mrs.Robinson's decision
7．This line graph is a quick, visual way to tell the reader about the bird's migration (migrate)．
8．And I even joined the local fishing club and started attending the monthly (month) meetings.
9．The barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty, surrounded by criminals (crime) and violence, had written a new chapter in the history of sports.
10．When Wilson heated it, the container (contain) exploded, leaving Wilson blinded in both eyes.
11．Thanks to the advanced (advance) technology, we live in an age of bettered communication.
12．According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption (consume) habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.
三、重点短语
1．throw away 扔掉
2．take place 发生；举行
3．under construction (正在)修建中
4．die from 死于
5．crash into 撞上
6．for sure 肯定地；无疑地
7．figure out 理解，弄清楚；计算出
8．bring ...under control 使……处于控制之下
9．cope with 应付
10．get rid of 摆脱
11．wipe out 彻底摧毁，消灭
12．consist of 由……构成，由……组成
13．in the meantime 在此期间，与此同时
Ⅲ.用左栏短语的适当形式填空
1．You should throw away the food because it has gone bad.
2．Two new teaching buildings are under construction and they are expected to be finished next year.
3．I guess he will arrive tomorrow morning but I don't know the exact time for sure.
4．In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.
5．A truck went out of control and crashed into the back of a bus.
6．They may have to widen the road to cope with the increase in traffic.
7．It is not easy to get rid of a bad habit.
四、经典句式
1．“only＋状语”置于句首引起的部分倒装句
Only then can we look towards (我们才能展望) harmoniously sharing our urban habitats.
2．动词不定式短语作表语
One option is to explore other planets (探索其他星球) to see if we could live on them.
3．替代词
The most likely choice is Mars, which is relatively close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of other planets (其他行星的环境)．,Ⅳ.补全句子
1．Only when a reservoir is built here can we solve our irrigation problem.
只有在这儿建一个水库，我们才能解决灌溉问题。
2．His dream is to become a doctor in the future.
他的梦想是将来成为一名医生。
3．The autumn harvest this year is better than that of last year.
今年的秋收比去年的强。
1．an environment friendly lifestyle 环保的生活方式
2．under threat from pollution and climate change
面临着来自污染和气候变化的威胁
3．the destruction of wildlife habitat 野生动植物生存环境的破坏
4．reveal something amazing 揭示一些惊人的东西
5．protect the delicate ecosystem 保护脆弱的生态系统
6．get attacked by ... 遭到……的攻击
7．warning system 报警系统
8．the evolution of the human species 人类的进化
9．the list of endangered species 濒危物种名录
10．land on the moon 登陆月球
11．the atmosphere of the Earth 地球的大气层
12．volcanic eruption 火山喷发
13．adapt to the change 适应变化
14．seasonal migration 季节性迁徙
15．search for signs of life 寻找生命迹象
16．the origin of the universe 宇宙的起源
17．a scientific discovery 一项科学发现
18．main source of food 主要食物来源
19．take photographs of the Earth 拍摄地球的照片
20．send more satellites into space 把更多的卫星送入太空
21．immune system 免疫系统
22．reduce the power to resist disease 降低抵抗疾病的能力
23．send unmanned spacecraft to Mars 向火星发射无人飞船
24．natural predator 天敌
25．construction waste 建筑垃圾
26．the solar system 太阳系
27．feed on plants 以植物为生
28．rare plants 稀有植物
29．take on the colour of its surroundings 呈现周围环境的颜色
30．change their migratory routes 改变它们的迁徙路线
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5(共19张PPT)
A鱼
单元自
与提升Writing a survival story
[学范文·背佳句]——它山之石，可以攻玉
范文诠解 [教材原文] [名师论道]
It's been a week since the other astronauts left Mars and went back to Earth, accidentally leaving me here alone.I was caught in a dust storm and lost contact with them.After resuming communication with the base five days later, I was informed that it will be eight months before a rescue mission arrives from Earth.Fortunately, I have shelter, because the landing capsule protects me from the deadly radiation outside.The capsule is powered by a small nuclear plant.It might have just enough electricity for eight months, if nothing goes wrong.What's more, my spacesuit keeps me safe from exposure to the Martian surface for up to several hours at a time.Water and oxygen were my biggest worries at first, but I've discovered an underground ice deposit nearby.I can reach the ice with our survey tools.That's lucky, because I can drink the water from the ice and also use it to produce oxygen when I run low.Now I am worried about food.There is only enough for one person for four months — four months short of what I need.Part of our mission was to experiment with growing plants in the Martian soil, so I have seeds of various kinds.I must work out how to farm on Mars.If I can solve that challenge, and if the electricity supply holds, I can survive until I am rescued.There's still hope！ [学语言]1.时态：一般过去时2.人称：第一、三人称3.亮点词汇①astronaut ②accidentally③be caught in ④lose contact with⑤inform ⑥rescue⑦shelter ⑧be powered by⑨go wrong ⑩keep sb. from ... exposure at a time work out4.高级句式①It's been＋时间段＋since从句②现在分词短语作结果状语③It will be＋时间段＋before ...④动词不定式短语作表语⑤“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构作宾语[学结构]本文是一篇生存故事，属于记叙文写作范畴。分为三部分：第一部分：开头——交代清楚事件的背景；第二部分：主体——主要叙述事件的发生、经过及结果；第三部分：结尾——发表感想、愿望等。
佳句背诵 1.It's been three days since I got separated from the other team members.自从我和其他队员们分开已经三天了。2.One day, Tom was riding his bike home from school when he saw a boy lying on the ground.一天，汤姆放学骑自行车从学校回家，这时他看见一个男孩躺在地上。3.The firefighters hurried there at once and fought against it bravely，but the fire was so big that it lasted five hours.消防队员们立即赶到那里，勇敢地灭火，但火势太大，持续了5个小时。4.Without a compass, I lost direction, and now I am lost in dense jungle.没有指南针，我失去了方向，现在我迷失在茂密的丛林中。5.I have to remind myself to be calm and optimistic at every moment.我必须提醒自己要时刻保持冷静、乐观。6.To make things worse, I stumbled and sprained my ankle.更糟糕的是，我摔了一跤，把脚脖子扭了。
[仿佳作·找差距]——巧借外力，事半功倍
[题目要求]
今年夏天你和其他同学参加了一次学生会组织的野外生存活动(wildness survival program)。请根据提供的信息，用英语写一篇短文来描述这次活动并谈谈自己的感受。
时间：7月10日至13 日
活动：
1．携带物品：指南针、帐篷、手电筒、地图、急救包、食品和衣物等；
2．途中翻过三座山，游过两条河，在穿越森林时迷了路，靠指南针找到了正确的方向；
3．在营地，搭帐篷，自己生火、做饭；
4．学习紧急救护。
参考词汇：指南针compass 手电筒flashlight 急救箱first aid kit 宿营地campsite
[仿写步骤]
Step 1 一仿结构布局合理
第一段：介绍故事发生的时间和地点；
第二段：介绍叙述事件的发生、经过及结果；
第三段：发表感想、愿望等。
Step 2 二仿语言规范美观
1．今年夏天，我和同学们参加了学生会组织的野外生存活动，时间是7月10日至7月13日。
My classmates and I took part in a wildness survival program organized by the Students' Union from 10 July to 13 July this summer.
2．出发前，我们准备好了设备，包括指南针、地图、急救箱、帐篷、手电筒、食物和衣服。
Before we started, we made preparations for the equipment including a compass, a map, a first aid kit, tents, flashlights, some food, and some clothes.
3．在路上我们爬了三座山，游了两条河。
On the way we climbed three hills and swam across two rivers.
4．我们在森林里迷了路。
We lost our way in the forest.
5．我们靠指南针找到了正确的方向。
We found the right direction with the compass.
6．一到营地，我们就搭起帐篷，生火，然后开始做饭。
As soon as we arrived at the campsite, we put up our tents, made a fire and then started cooking.
7．我们还学会了如何进行急救。
We also learned how to give first aid.
8．对我来说，这是一次令人筋疲力尽但却十分难忘的经历。
It was an exhausting but quite unforgettable experience for me.
Step 3 三仿句间过渡自然
用连词连接句3和句4
On the way we climbed three hills and swam across two rivers.However, we lost our way in the forest.
Step 4 誊写
My classmates and I took part in a wildness survival program organized by the Students' Union from 10 July to 13 July this summer.
Before we started, we made preparations for the equipment including a compass, a map, a first aid kit, tents, flashlights, some food, and some clothes.On the way we climbed three hills and swam across two rivers.However, we lost our way in the forest.Luckily, we found the right direction with the compass.As soon as we arrived at the campsite, we put up our tents, made a fire and then started cooking.We also learned how to give first aid.
Through the program, we learned to use knowledge gained in class to solve problems.It was an exhausting but quite unforgettable experience for me.
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3(共16张PPT)
A鱼Developing ideas
Plan B：Life on Mars①？
In the 1960s and 1970s, the greatest fear was [1]that the human race, and possibly all advanced② life forms on the planet, could be wiped③ out by nuclear④ missiles, just at the push of a button⑤.Today, however, environmental problems have taken over as the greatest risk to life on Earth.Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk, such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy⑥.But they are also preparing for the worst：what can we do if the terrifying⑦ scenes in films such as The Day After Tomorrow happen in real life What is our Plan B for Earth
[1]that引导表语从句。
One option is [2]to explore other planets to see if we could live on them.The most likely choice is Mars, [3]which is relatively⑧ close to Earth and has an environment less hostile⑨ than that of other planets.Mars has fascinated⑩ people since ancient times, and today our interest in Martian exploration is greater than ever before.Films such as The Martian enjoy worldwide popularity.More governments and organisations are making efforts to educate the public on the Red Planet, for example, the Mars Desert Research Station in the Utah desert of the US and the Mars Village in North west China's Qinghai Province.
[2]动词不定式短语to explore other planets作表语；动词不定式短语to see if we could live on them作目的状语；if引导宾语从句。
[3]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰名词Mars。
Since the 1960s, we have been sending unmanned spacecraft to Mars.Our probes have orbited the planet, [4]sending back valuable data and stunning images.Our robots have explored the Martian surface, [5]testing the soil and searching for resources, water and signs of life.[6]Encouraged by discoveries over the years, space agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars [7]that could take place within the next 25 years.
[4]现在分词短语作状语。
[5]现在分词短语作伴随状语。
[6]过去分词短语作原因状语。
[7]that引导定语从句，修饰名词missions。
There is no doubt [8]that humankind is drawn towards Mars, with dreams of making it our second home.However, sending people there will require all the skill, courage and intelligence of the human race.[9]While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, [10]travelling through dangerous solar radiation .[11]And even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely, they may not be able to return to Earth — ever.Staying alive will be a daily challenge, but as proved by the Biosphere 2 experiment, not impossible.As early as the 1980s, scientists were building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert.It consisted of a closed space [12]in which people, animals and plants could live together.The “closed” concept meant that the space was designed to function with its own oxygen, food and water, needing nothing from the outside world.Although the two year experiment was not a success, it did provide us with a better understanding of how humans might be able to live on another planet.More recently, scientists have succeeded in growing a variety of plants in an environment similar to that on Mars.That definitely is a big step forward.
[8]that引导同位语从句，对名词doubt作进一步解释。
[9]While意为“而，然而”，表示对比。
[10]现在分词短语作伴随状语。
[11]even if引导让步状语从句，even if意为“即使，尽管”；do强调谓语动词reach。
[12]in which引导定语从句，修饰名词space。
For now, human settlement of Mars is still decades away.In the meantime， scientific research shows that the planet Earth is getting warmer.This change is being caused by human activity and is having a terrible effect on the biosphere.Until we are finally able to live on another planet, we need to take much better care of our own.Right now, it's the only one we have！
①Mars n．火星
②advanced adj.高级的；先进的
③wipe v．擦，拭，揩
wipe out 彻底摧毁，消灭
④nuclear adj.核武器的
nuclear missile核导弹
⑤at the push of a button按一下按钮
⑥renewable energy可再生能源
⑦terrifying adj.极其可怕的，骇人听闻的
⑧relatively adv.相对地
⑨hostile adj.(生长环境)恶劣的
⑩fascinate v．深深吸引，迷住
making efforts努力
unmanned adj.无人驾驶(操纵)的
spacecraft n．航天器，宇宙飞船
orbit v．环绕……运行
stunning adj.极具吸引力的；令人惊奇的
search for搜索，搜寻
sign n．迹象，征兆
agency n．机构；(尤指政府内的)局，部，处
draw v．吸引，使感兴趣
solar radiation太阳辐射
biosphere n．生物圈
consist v．由……组成
consist of由……构成，由……组成
function v．起作用，正常工作，运转
be similar to与……类似
settlement n．移民；殖民；开拓
in the meantime 在此期间，与此同时
have an effect on对……有影响[参考译文]
B计划：在火星上生活？
在20世纪60、70年代，最大的恐惧是，只需按下一个按钮，人类——甚至可能是地球上所有的高级生命体——就可能被核导弹彻底毀灭。然而今天，环境问题已经变成地球上的生命面临的最大威胁。科学家们正在思考降低这一风险的方法，例如用各种可再生能源替代煤炭和石油。但他们也在做最坏的打算：如果《后天》等电影中的恐怖场景发生在现实生活中，我们该怎么办？对地球，我们的B计划是什么？
一种选择是探索其他星球，看看我们能否在上面生活。最有可能的选择是火星，它离地球相对较近，环境不像其他行星那么恶劣。火星自古以来就吸引着人们，我们现在对探索火星的兴趣比以往任何时候都更浓厚。像《火星救援》这样的电影在全世界都很受欢迎。越来越多的政府和组织正在努力对公众进行有关“红色星球”的教育，例如美国犹他州的火星沙漠研究站和中国西北部青海省的火星村。
自20世纪60年代以来，我们一直在向火星发射无人飞船。我们的探测器已经绕火星轨道运行，并发回了宝贵的数据和令人惊叹的图像。我们的机器人已经探索了火星表面，测试了土壤并且在寻找资源、水和生命的迹象。受到多年来这些发现的鼓舞，各国航天机构正计划在未来25年内进行载人飞船登陆火星的任务。
毫无疑问，人类被火星所吸引，梦想着把它作为我们的第二家园。然而，把人类送上火星将要求人类具备所有的技能、勇气和智慧。到达月球只需要几天的时间，而到达火星却需要数月的时间，并且其间要经历危险的太阳辐射。而且即使第一批开拓者安全抵达火星，他们可能永远无法再回到地球。活着将会成为一个日常挑战，但正如“生物圈2号”实验所证明的，这也并非完全不可能。早在20世纪80年代，科学家们就在亚利桑那州的沙漠中建造了“生物圏2号”。它包括一个封闭的空间，人、动物和植物可以生活在一起。“封闭”的概念意味着这个空间被设计成依靠自身的氧气、食物和水来运作，而不需要外界的任何东西。尽管为期两年的实验并不成功，但它确实让我们更好地了解了人类如何能够在另一个星球上生活。最近，科学家们成功地在类似火星的环境中种植了各种各样的植物。这无疑是向前迈出的一大步。
到目前为止，人类要在火星上定居还需要几十年的时间。同时，科学研究表明地球正在变暖。这种变化是由人类活动引起的，而且对生物圈产生了严重的影响。在我们最终能够生活在另一个星球上之前，我们需要更好地保护好我们自己的星球。现在，它是我们唯一一个赖以生存的星球！
Step One：Pre reading
What do you know about the Mars Discuss in groups and write the information you know.
Mars is the second smallest planet in the solar system.Its surface is covered with rocks and the average temperature on Mars is －63℃.
Step Two：While reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
Read the passage quickly and choose the best answer.
The text mainly tells us that .
A．humans saved Mars
B．humans reached Mars
C．humans have settled on Mars
D．humans are trying to explore Mars
答案：D
Ⅱ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1．In the 1960s and 1970s，what was the greatest fear
A．Nuclear missiles.
B．All advanced life forms.
C．Human race themselves.
D．Environmental problems.
2．Why is Mars so attractive to scientists
A．It has fascinated humans recently.
B．It has a more hostile environment.
C．It's relatively close to the earth.
D．Because of some films.
3．Human robots have done some tasks except .
A．searching for water
B．orbiting the planet
C．testing the soil on the Mars
D．exploring the Martian surface
4．How long would it take to reach Mars
A．A few days. B．A few weeks.
C．A few months. D．A few years.
5．Right now, what should we humans do to live safely
A．To protect our earth.
B．To take care of ourselves.
C．To move to another planet.
D．To continue our human activity.
答案：1～5 ACBCA
Step Three：Post reading
阅读课文内容， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Today, environmental problems have become the 1.greatest (great) risk to life on Earth.Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk, but they are also preparing 2.for the worst.One option is 3.to explore (explore) other planets to see if we could live on them.The most likely choice is Mars, which is 4.relatively (relative) close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of other planets.Mars 5.has fascinated (fascinate) people since ancient times, and today our interest in Martian exploration is greater than ever before.Since 6.the 1960s, we have been sending unmanned spacecraft to Mars.
7．Encouraged (encourage) by discoveries over the years, space agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars that could take place within the next 25 years.There is no doubt 8.that humankind is drawn towards Mars, with dreams of making it our second home.However, 9.sending (send) people there will require all the skill, courage and 10.intelligence (intelligent) of the human race.For now, human settlement of Mars is still decades away.Until we are finally able to live on another planet, we need to take much better care of our own.
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．eliminate poverty 消除贫困
2．a brave firefighter 一名勇敢的消防员
3．orbit the sun 围绕太阳运行
4．energy consumption 能源消耗
5．solid fuel 固体燃料
6．nuclear weapons 核武器
7．stay indoors 待在室内
8．infer from his words 从他的话中推断
9．a monthly meeting 每月一次的会议
10．an unmanned spacecraft 一艘无人驾驶的宇宙飞船
11．He is optimistic about life and all of us are impressed by his optimism.(optimist)
12．He reacted badly against the boss' decision, whose reaction was also reacting upon his colleagues.(react)
13．They were terrified at the terrifying news that all the passengers on the bus were killed.(terrify)
14．Determined to learn the advanced technology abroad, he has made advance preparations and applied for a passport in advance.He believes he will make great advances in this field and be far in advance of his classmates.(advance)
以un开头的形容词集锦
①uncertain 不确定的
②unstable 不稳定的
③unwilling 不愿意的
④unsuitable 不合适的
⑤unkind 不友善的
⑥unreasonable 不合理的，荒唐的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．It took the firefighters four hours to bring the fire under control (使火势处于控制之下)．
2．His teaching style is similar to (与……类似) that of most other teachers.
3．It is difficult to get rid of (摆脱) deep rooted habits.
4．The electronic machines allow you to pay at the push of a button (按一下按钮)．
5．The committee consists of (由……组成) six members, four of whom are female.
6．New roads are being built to cope with (应付) the increased volume of traffic.
7．A nuclear weapon may wipe out (彻底摧毁) the whole country.
8．The country was urgently calling for peace while in the meantime (与此同时) secretly doing nuclear tests.
Ⅲ.典型句式
1．[教材原句] One option is to explore other planets to see if we could live on them.
[句式分析] 动词不定式短语作表语
[佳句仿写] Her sole object in life is to become a travel writer.
她人生的唯一目标就是成为一名游记作家。
2．[教材原句] The most likely choice is Mars, which is relatively close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of other planets.
[句式分析] 替代词
[佳句仿写] A dog's intelligence is much greater than that of a cat.
狗的智慧比猫的高得多。
3．[教材原句] There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars, with dreams of making it our second home.
[句式分析] There is no doubt that ...
[佳句仿写] There is no doubt that her marriage is beyond repair.
毫无疑问，她的婚姻无法挽救。
1．advanced adj.高级的；先进的
(教材P68)In the 1960s and 1970s, the greatest fear was that the human race, and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet, could be wiped out by nuclear missiles, just at the push of a button.
在20世纪60、70年代，最大的恐惧是，只需按下一个按钮，人类——甚至可能是地球上所有的高级生命体——就可能被核导弹彻底毀灭。
advance n． 进步，进展
v. 前进；促进
adj. 预先的，在前的
make an advance/advances in 在某方面有进步/发展
in advance (＝ahead of time) 提前
in advance of 在……之前；比……进步
(经典佳句)Our struggle and labor is to constantly put the advanced ideals into realities.
我们的斗争和劳动就是为了不断地把先进的理想变为现实。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①We should apply advanced (advance) experience according to local conditions and shouldn't apply it mechanically.
②We can surely make advances (advance) in both knowledge and ability from social practice.
③I would like to warn you in advance that if you smoked here, you would be fined.
④I had asked everyone to submit questions in advance of the meeting.
[写美] 完成句子
⑤Thanks to the advanced technology, we live in an age of bettered communication.
多亏了先进的技术，我们生活在一个通讯较为发达的时代。
2．consist v．由……组成
(教材P69)It consisted of a closed space in which people, animals and plants could live together.
它包括一个封闭的空间，人、动物和植物可以生活在一起。
(1)consist of＝be composed of＝be made up of
由……构成，由……组成(表示整体由部分构成)
(2)consist in 在于，存在于
(3)consist with 与……一致，与……相吻合
(经典佳句)Morality may consist solely in the courage of making a choice.
品德可能仅仅在于有勇气作出抉择。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting (consist) of heat detectors and smoke detectors.
②The beauty of the picture consists in its balance of colors.
③As far as I know, he is a man whose actions do not consist with his promises.
[写美] 一句多译
④英国由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰组成。
→The UK consists of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
→The UK is composed of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
→The UK is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
[名师指津] consist of 一般不用于进行时，也不用于被动语态；其非谓语动词应用现在分词形式。
3．expose v．使暴露(于险境)；揭露，使曝光；使接触，使体验
(教材P70) ...we can infer that the Moon is less exposed to dangerous radiation than Mars.
……我们可以推断，月球比火星暴露在危险的辐射下要少。
(1)expose ...to ... 把……暴露在……，使……接触……
expose oneself to ... 接触……；使自己暴露于……
(2)exposed adj. 无遮蔽的；无保护的
be exposed to 接触……；暴露于
(3)exposure n. 暴露
(经典佳句)If you expose your skin to the sun too long, you will get sunburnt.
如果你把皮肤暴露在阳光下太久，你会被晒伤的。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Take care not to keep your children exposed (expose) to the bad books, net and magazines.
②The kids should expose themselves (they) to as much art and culture as possible.
③Long exposure (expose) to noisy surroundings may result in some physical and mental problems.
[写美] 完成句子
④We want to expose the children to traditional Chinese culture as much as possible.
我们想让孩子们尽可能多地接触中国传统文化。
句型公式：替代词
(教材P68)The most likely choice is Mars, which is relatively close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of other planets.
最有可能的选择是火星，它离地球相对较近，环境不像其他行星那么恶劣。
替代词that, those, it, one, ones的区别：
(1)that表特指，代替上文出现的同类的单数可数名词或不可数名词，相当于“the＋单数名词”。
(2)those表特指，代替上文出现的复数名词，相当于“the＋复数名词”。
(3)it表特指，用来指代上文提到的同一个事物，可替代单数名词或不可数名词。
(4) one表泛指，代替上文出现的同类的单数可数名词，相当于“a/an＋单数名词”。代替复数名词时使用ones。
(经典佳句)There's no greater happiness than that of succeeding in one's career.
最大的快乐莫过于事业上的成功。
[练透] 选词填空：that, those, it, one, ones
①I can't find my hat.I think I must buy one.
②My uncle gave me a pen.I like it very much.
③The computers in your office are more expensive than those in our school.
④In many ways, the education system in the US is very different from that in the UK.
⑤I want to buy some apples, the ones that look fresh.
[写美] 完成句子
⑥The weather in Beijing is much cooler than that in Nanjing in summer.
夏季，北京的天气比南京的天气凉爽得多。
维度一 品句填词
1．The firefighter (消防队员) ran into the burning house at all risks to save the child.
2．Local residents said it was as if there had been a nuclear (核武器的) explosion.
3．If a machine is unmanned (无人操纵的), it does not have or need a person to control or operate it.
4．If it rained tomorrow, the sports would take place indoors (在室内)．
5．Manufacturing industry was seriously affected by the fuel (燃料) shortage.
6．Our government is taking measures to eliminate (消除) the gap between the rich and the poor.
7．Many people are now having trouble making their monthly (每月一次的) house rent.
8．In 1957 the Soviet Union launched the first satellite to orbit (环绕……运行) the earth.
9．We can infer the meanings of most words in the context.
10．The trunk of a tree is the large main stem from which the branches grow.
维度二 词形转换
1．It was terrifying (terrify) to find myself surrounded by large numbers of dogs.
2．I won't tell you his reaction (react) — I'll leave that to your imagination.
3．Future agriculture should depend on advanced (advance) technology as well as traditional methods.
4．According to the research, gas and oil consumption (consume) always increases in cold weather.
5．All the judges were moved by the optimism (optimistic) of the disabled player.
6．Exposure (expose) to lead is known to damage the brains of young children.
7．No matter when and how the invaders come, they will be wiped (wipe) out thoroughly.
8．The room is dusty (dust) so you have to clean it carefully before moving in.
维度三 固定搭配和句式
1．We have taken on extra staff to cope with (应付) the increased workload.
2．We must carry out measures to bring the situation under control (使情况处于控制之下)．
3．It is difficult for him to get rid of (摆脱) his bad habits.
4．The committee consists of (由……组成) representatives from both the public and private sectors.
5．There is no doubt that (毫无疑问) China has made tremendous progress.
6．The purpose of the charity is to help the homeless people (帮助无家可归的人们)．
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11(共48张PPT)
A鱼Using language
Grammar——“疑问词＋ ever”和“no
matter＋疑问词”引导的让步状语从句
一、语法图解
二、语法突破
1．“疑问词＋ ever”包括“疑问代词＋ ever”和“疑问副词＋ever”
(1)疑问代词＋ ever：whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever
(2)疑问副词＋ ever：whenever, wherever, however
2．“疑问词＋ ever”与“no matter＋疑问词”引导从句时的区别
(1)引导让步状语从句时，“疑问词＋ ever”与“no matter＋疑问词”可以互换使用。
The quality will be the same, whichever/no matter which of them you choose.
它们当中无论你选哪一个，品质都一样。
Whoever/No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.
无论谁违反了规定，都要受到处罚。
The task must be done, however/no mater how difficult it may be.
无论多么艰难，这个任务一定要完成。
Wherever/No matter where she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.
她所到之处都有成群的人等着见她。
You can ask for help whenever/no matter when you need it.
你如果需要帮助随时可以提出来。
(2)“疑问代词＋ ever”可以引导名词性从句，这时不可以与“no matter＋疑问词”互换使用。
Whoever goes against the tide of history will come to no good end.
凡是逆历史潮流而动的人都不会有好下场。
Whatever you say will make no difference to the final result.
无论你说什么对最后的结果都不会产生影响。
Whichever he likes will be given to him.
他喜欢哪个就给他哪个。
You may dance with whomever you like at the dancing party.
舞会上你想跟谁跳舞就跟谁跳。
单句语法填空
①No matter what may happen, they've decided to leave this evening.
②No matter who you may be, you have no right to do such a thing.
③Whatever problem you have, you can turn to me at any time.
④She is willing to help you, however busy she is.
⑤Whichever dictionary you want to take, you will have to pay at least 20 dollars.
⑥Whenever she comes to the party, she brings a friend with her.
1．optimistic adj.乐观的；乐观主义的；抱乐观看法的
(教材P66)Robinson Crusoe is a clever and optimistic man.
鲁滨逊·克鲁索是一个聪明乐观的人。
(1)be optimistic about 对……乐观，对……持乐观的态度
(2)optimism n. 乐观；乐观主义
(3)optimist n. 乐观的人；乐天派
(经典佳句)The real happiness is optimistic about life, happy to work, and enthusiastic about the cause.
真正的幸福是对生活乐观，对工作快乐，对事业热情。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Chinese tourist representatives were optimistic about the future of Chinese tourism.
②They expressed cautious optimism (optimistic) about a solution to the crisis.
③An optimist (optimistic) is a person who always expects good things to happen or things to be successful.
[写美] 完成句子
④She said that she was optimistic about the future of the company.
她说她对公司的将来持乐观态度。
2．react v．(作出)反应；起(化学)反应；回应
(教材P67)How do you think people should react to ...
你认为人们应该如何对……作出回应？
(1)react to 对……作出反应，起反应
react with 与……产生化学反应
react against 反对；反抗
(2)reaction n. (对某一情形或事件的)反应
(经典佳句)Life is 10% what happens to you and 90% how you react to it.
生活的10%是发生在你身上的偶然事件，剩下的90%是你对这些事件的反应。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①You can't change what happened, but you can change how you react to it.
②Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.
③He was surprised that his answer should have caused such a strong reaction (react)．
[写美] 完成句子
④The experiment shows that iron reacts with air and water.
实验表明，铁与空气和水反应。
维度一 基础题型练
1．Relax and take a breath whenever you feel that you need one.
2．Whatever decision he has made, I will always support it.
3．No matter where you are, I will always be with you.
4．Whoever did this will sooner or later be caught and punished.
5．No matter what happens, she still has faith in him.
6．No matter which course you choose, you should study hard.
7．She has the window open, however cold it is outside.
8．You should return the wallet to whomever it belongs to.
9．Wherever he is, he can always adapt to the new environment quickly.
10．No matter how well you know the city, it is easy to get lost.
维度二 语法与写作
1．Whenever/No matter when I see him, he is busy with his research work.
无论什么时候我看见他，他都在忙他的研究工作。
2．Whoever smokes here will be punished.
无论谁在这里抽烟都会受到处罚。
3．Whatever/No matter what you are writing, make sure it is clear, concise, and accurate.
无论你正在写什么，一定要清晰、简练、准确。
4．Any dog bite, however/no matter how small the injury is, needs immediate medical attention.
被狗咬到，不管伤口多小，都必须立即就医。
5．Wherever/No matter where you go, you should remember you are a Chinese.
无论你去哪里，你都应记住你是一个中国人。
维度三 以语段形式练习语法
COVID 19 is sweeping across the world.So, no matter 1.where you go, you should wear a mask.2.Whoever lives in the neighbourhood should obey the rule.However, no matter 3.how strict the government measures were, there were still some people who broke the rules.They did 4.whatever they wanted to do.It has brought many difficulties to the defense of the disease.As citizens of China, we should actively cooperate no matter 5.what the government requires us to do.
PAGE
4(共16张PPT)
A鱼
疑问代词+-ever
whatever, whichever,
疑问词+- ever
whoever whomever
疑问副词+-ever
whenever wherever
however
“疑问词+=ever”
和“ no matter+
疑问词”引导的
引导让步状语从句时,“疑
让步状语从句
问词+-ever”与“ no matter.+
疑问词”可以互换使用
疑问词+-ever”l-疑问代词+-ever”可以引
与“ no matter+导名词性从句,这时不可
疑问词”引导从以与“ no matter+疑间词”
句时的区别
互换使用Starting out & Understanding ideas
HOW DO BIRDS SPEND THE WINTER
The weather gets colder, days get shorter and leaves turn color and fall off the trees.Soon, winter is here.People live in warm houses and wear heavy coats outside.But what happens to the birds Birds do many different, amazing things to get through the winter.Some of them “migrate”．This means they travel to other places where the weather is warmer or they can find food.
Many birds migrate in the fall.Because the trip can be dangerous, some travel in large flocks.For example, geese fly in noisy, “V” shaped groups.Other kinds of birds fly alone.
How do they know when it is time to leave for the winter Scientists are still studying this.Many see migration as part of a yearly cycle of changes a bird goes through.The cycle is controlled by changes in the amount of daylight and the weather.
Birds can fly very long distances.For example, the Arctic tern (北极燕鸥) nests close to the North Pole (北极) in the summer.In autumn, it flies south all the way to Antarctica (南极)．Each spring it returns north again.Most birds migrate shorter distances.But how do they find their way to the same place each year Birds seem to navigate like sailors once did, using the sun, moon and stars for direction.They also seem to have a compass in their brain for using the Earth's magnetic field.
[理解] Read the passage and answer the following questions.1. What kind of places are suitable for birds to live in winter The places where the weather is warmer or they can find food are suitable for birds to live in winter.2. Why do some birds fly in groups Because the trip can be dangerous.3. What are the possible reasons why birds can find their way to the same place each year First, birds seem to navigate like sailors once did, using the sun, moon and stars for direction.Second, they also seem to have a compass in their brain for using the Earth's magnetic field. [积累] 1．get through the winter 过冬2．migrate v. 迁徙3．in large flocks 成群结队地4．cycle n. 循环5．the Earth's magnetic field 地球磁场
Section ⅠStarting out & Understanding ideas
The Wild Within
The crime① took place② in a seaside③ suburb④ of Cape Town.[1]Spotting⑤ the car with its window left open, the greedy⑥ thief⑦ didn't hesitate.Within seconds⑧， he had reached inside and run away with a bag of shopping.[2]No matter how many crimes he committed⑨， the police were powerless to arrest him.You see, this was no ordinary criminal⑩：it was a chacma baboon .Once almost unheard of, scenes like this one in Cape Town are now common all over the world.With foxes in London, mountain lions in San Francisco and wild pigs in Hong Kong, it is almost [3]as if our cities are being taken over by wild animals.
[1]现在分词短语作时间状语。
[2]No matter how引导让步状语从句。
[3]as if引导表语从句，as if意为“似乎，好像”。
People often wonder about the reasons behind this mass urban migration.Most of us would assume that urban development and climate change are responsible for pushing the animals out of their natural habitats.[4]However true this is, we also need to consider that some of these so called “urban animals” have never moved at all — [5]it's we humans who have moved into their territory .[6]Wherever they go, animals find towns and cities in their way.With nowhere else to make their homes, they have no choice but to move in with us.
[4]However引导让步状语从句。
[5]本句为强调句型，强调主语we humans。
[6]Wherever引导让步状语从句。
Yet, for its newest and wildest inhabitants ， a city can offer many benefits.[7]As our cities become greener, they offer increasingly appealing spaces to animals [8]looking for new habitats.Out of reach from many of their natural predators， these newcomers often flourish in their new city lives.Today, foxes can be seen all over London — one even being found living on the 72nd floor of the Shard building when it was under construction！ What's more, hungry animals are finding plenty to eat in our gardens and in the leftovers [9]we throw away.
[7]As引导时间状语从句，as意为“随着”。
[8]现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词animals。
[9]we throw away为定语从句，修饰名词leftovers，从句省略关系代词that/which。
One thing crucial to the increasing number of “urban animals” is their ability to adapt.There is evidence [10]that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins, [11]as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other containers which they would not find in the wild.Some animals have even changed their living habits to fit in with their new homes.Although naturally active at night, urban foxes come out in daylight if the reward is good enough.Their city location also means that they are getting a taste for the multicultural cuisine on offer from the garbage， such as hamburgers, lamb kebabs and even garlic bread!
[10]that引导同位语从句，作名词evidence的同位语。
[11]as引导原因状语从句；which引导定语从句，修饰other containers。
①crime n．罪，罪行
②take place 发生；举行
③seaside adj.海滨的
④suburb n．郊区，城郊
⑤spot v．注意到；发现
⑥greedy adj.贪婪的，贪心的
⑦thief n．小偷，贼
⑧within seconds几秒钟之内
⑨commit v．犯(错误或罪行)
⑩criminal n．罪犯
chacma baboon 南非大狒，大狒狒
fox n．狐狸
take over占领；接管
urban adj.城镇的，城市的
assume v．假定，假设；认为
be responsible for 是造成……的原因；为……负责
territory n．地盘；领地
have no choice but to do 别无选择只能……
inhabitant n．栖息动物；居民
appealing adj.有吸引力的
look for寻找
predator n．掠食动物，捕食性动物
newcomer n．新来者
flourish v．生长茂盛，兴盛
under construction (正在)修建中
leftover n．吃剩的食物，残羹剩饭；遗留物，残存物
throw away扔掉
crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的
racoon n．浣熊
figure out理解，弄清楚
container n．容器
fit in with 适合；与……一致
on offer 提供的，供使用的；待售的
garbage n．垃圾
lamb n．羔羊肉
kebab n．烤(肉)串
garlic n．(大)蒜
For those animals [12]that don't adapt, the city can be a dangerous or even deadly place.Unable to distinguish between blue sky and glass, birds crash into windows at speeds of about 50 kilometres per hour.Recent studies estimate that between 400 million and 1 billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone.Shockingly, these deaths amount to around ten per cent of the total US bird population.Some species are more affected than others.One theory behind this is [13]that these birds have yet to change their migratory routes that take them through cities with high rise buildings.
[12]that引导定语从句，修饰those animals。
[13]第一个that引导表语从句；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰名词routes。
[14]However they adapt to our ways of urban living, [15]it's important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours.[16]Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats. [17]Whatever the reasons behind these species entering our cities, one thing is for sure — as it's often a means of their survival, they could be with us to stay.
[14]However引导让步状语从句。
[15]it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语。
[16]本句为“only＋状语”置于句首引起的部分倒装句。
[17]Whatever引导让步状语从句。
deadly adj.致命的，致死的
distinguish v．区分，辨别
crash into撞上
at speeds of以……的速度
estimate v．估计，估算
die from死于
amount to 等同；接近；总计
migratory adj.迁徙的
appreciate v．欣赏；赏识
for sure肯定地；无疑地[参考译文]
城中的野生动物
在开普敦的一个海滨郊区发生了一起犯罪活动。贪婪的窃贼在发现有辆车的车窗未关后，没有丝毫犹豫。几秒之间，他把手伸进车窗，抓出一袋东西逃之夭夭。不论他犯罪多少次，警方都无法抓捕到他。要知道，这可不是普通的罪犯：它是一只大狒狒。以前，在开普敦发生的这种事几乎闻所未闻，但现在这种事在世界各地都时有发生。伦敦出现了狐狸，旧金山出现了美洲狮，香港出现了野猪，我们的城市就像是被野生动物给占领了。
人们总想知道这种大规模城市迁徙背后的原因。我们大多数人会认为，城市发展和气候变化是造成这些动物离开其自然栖息地的原因。无论事实如何，我们必须得明白，在这些所谓的“城市动物”中，有一些根本就没有迁徙过——是我们人类搬到了它们的领地里。动物不论走到哪里，都发现有城镇拦路。既然没有别处可以安家，它们别无选择，只好搬来和我们一起住。
不过，城市可以给这些最新的也是最野生的居民许多好处。随着我们的城市绿化越来越好，它们越来越吸引着寻找新栖息地的动物。由于远离自然界中的许多天敌，这些新来者往往在新城市生活中蓬勃发展。现在，伦敦随处都可以见到狐狸——有一只甚至生活在当时在建的夏德大厦72楼！而且，饥饿的动物们从我们的花园里和我们扔掉的垃圾中找寻到大量的食物。
对这些越来越多的“城市动物”来说，适应能力是关键。有证据显示，和野生的浣熊相比，城市里的浣熊更聪明，因为它们时常要想办法解决难题，比如怎么打开垃圾桶以及其他它们在野外不会见到的容器。为了适应新的家园，有些动物甚至改变了习性。尽管狐狸天生昼伏夜出，但如果回报足够丰厚，城市里的狐狸会在白天出来。城市的位置也意味着它们可以吃到来自垃圾里的多元文化的菜肴，比如汉堡包、烤羊肉串甚至香蒜面包！
对无法适应环境的动物来说，城市是个危险甚至致命的地方。无法分辨蓝天和玻璃的鸟类会以每小时50千米的速度撞向窗户。近期研究估计，仅在美国，每年就有4亿到10亿只鸟因撞向窗户而亡。令人震惊的是，这一死亡数量约占全美鸟类总量的10%。有些种类的鸟受此影响更大。一种理论认为，这些鸟类的迁徙路线让它们穿过这些有高楼大厦的城市，而它们还没有调整路线。
不论它们如何适应我们的城市生活，更好地理解甚至学会欣赏我们的野生邻居是非常重要的。只有那时，我们才能展望与它们和谐分享城市栖息地的未来。无论这些物种进入我们城市的原因是什么，有一件事是肯定的——既然它们这么做通常是为了生存，那么它们就可以留下来和我们一起生活。
Step One：Pre reading
Look at the title of the passage and the picture in the textbook.Think about what the title means and what problems these animals could encounter in cities.
The title means the wild animals within the cities.These animals may have difficulties finding food, shelters and mates.If people find them, they may be trapped or killed.
Step Two：While reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
Read the passage quickly and choose the best answer.
The text mainly tells us about .
A．living with wild animals
B．the protection of the habitats
C．the wild animals' moving into cities
D．the protection of wild animals
答案：C
Ⅱ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1．Why did the wild animals move into the cities
A．Humans have entered their territory.
B．City life is better than country life.
C．The climate has never changed.
D．The cities develop quite slowly.
2．What habitats do the wild animals need
A．Habitats that are coloured green by humans.
B．Habitats like crowded cities without pollution.
C．Habitats being green, safe and having enough food.
D．Habitats having many leftovers thrown by humans.
3．What keeps the urban animals alive in the cities
A．The food given by humans.
B．The protection from humans.
C．The environment of the cities.
D．The ability to adapt to new life.
4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To show his love for the wild animals.
B．To introduce the new neighbours in cities.
C．To share his experience of living with the wild animals.
D．To appeal to humans to live in harmony with the wild animals.
答案：1～4 ACDD
Step Three：Post reading
阅读课文内容， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
People often wonder about the reasons behind wild animals' mass urban 1.migration (migrate)．Most of us would assume that urban development and climate change are responsible 2.for pushing the animals out of their natural habitats.With nowhere else to make their homes, they have no choice but 3.to move (move) in with us.
As our cities become greener, they offer increasingly appealing spaces to animals 4.looking (look) for new habitats.One thing crucial to the increasing number of “urban animals” 5.is (be) their ability to adapt.There is evidence 6.that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins, as they 7.frequently (frequent) have to figure out difficult problems that they would not have in the wild.
For those animals that don't adapt, the city can be a 8.dangerous (danger) or even deadly place.Between 400 million and 1 billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone.Some species 9.are affected (affect) more seriously than others because they have yet to change their migratory routes that take them through cities with high rise buildings.
However they adapt to our ways of urban living, 10.it is important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours.
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．an increase in violent crime 暴力犯罪活动的增加
2．a seaside city 一座海滨城市
3．a suburb of London 伦敦郊区
4．run after the thief 追赶小偷
5．do damage to both urban and rural environments
对城乡环境造成破坏
6．take out the garbage 把垃圾拿出去
7．a crucial factor 一个关键性的因素
8．the flavour of the garlic 大蒜的味道
9．restrict the number of visitors 限制游客的数量
10．commit robbery 犯抢劫罪
11．He is a greedy man.Nothing can stop his greed for money.(greed)
12．I really appreciate your timely help, so please allow me to show my appreciation.(appreciate)
13．It is estimated that he will win the match but many people don't agree with the estimation.(estimate)
14．The container is too small and it can only contain about 100 ml water.(contain)
1．以side结尾的词
①countryside 乡村
②lakeside 湖边
③roadside 路边
④alongside 在……旁边；沿着……边
⑤outside 在外面
⑥inside 在里面
2．“主要的，重要的”形容词集合
①important ②crucial
③essential ④chief
⑤significant ⑥main
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．Some shops and supermarkets usually throw away (扔掉) unsold food before 8 pm.
2．It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place (举行) next week.
3．The new international airport is still under construction (正在修建中)．
4．Forty thousand children die from (死于) preventable diseases a day.
5．Don't brake suddenly or the car behind may crash into (撞上) your car.
6．Even to this day we don't know what happened for sure (肯定地)．
7．No one could figure out (弄清楚) how he got to be so wealthy.
8．Production of the goods must fit in with (与……一致) the needs of the society.
Ⅲ.典型句式
1．[教材原句] No matter how many crimes he committed, the police were powerless to arrest him.
[句式分析] “no matter＋疑问词”引导的让步状语从句
[佳句仿写] Word always gets out no matter how careful you are.
无论你多么小心，总会有消息走漏。
2．[教材原句] Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats.
[句式分析] “only＋状语”置于句首引起的部分倒装句
[佳句仿写] Only when our theory combines with practice can we make progress.
只有当理论与实践相结合时，我们才能取得进步。
1．commit v．犯(错误或罪行)；自杀；承诺，保证；忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)；花(钱或时间)
(教材P62)No matter how many crimes he committed, the police were powerless to arrest him.
不论他犯罪多少次，警方都无法抓捕到他。
(1)commit an error/a crime/suicide 做错事/犯罪/自杀
commit oneself to (doing) sth. 专心致志于；承诺/保证(做)某事
(2)commitment n. 投入，花费；承诺，许诺，保证；(对工作或某活动的)献身，奉献
make a commitment to sb./sth. 对某人/事作出承诺
(3)committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的
be committed to (doing) sth. 全身心地投入(做)某事，致力于(做)某事
(经典佳句)The Chinese people are peace loving and China is committed to promoting world peace.
中国人民热爱和平，并且中国致力于推动世界和平。
[练透] 一词多义(猜测加彩单词的含义)/单句语法填空
①He committed the crime under the influence of drink.犯(错误或罪行)
②The government has committed large amounts of money to housing projects.花钱
③Both sides committed themselves to settling (settle) the dispute peacefully.
④The company's commitment (commit) to providing quality at a reasonable price has been vital to its success.
⑤He is a good man who is committed to his family as well as to his work.
[写美] 一句多译
⑥一旦你全心投入，你目标的实现就有了保证。
→The achievement of your goal is assured the moment you commit yourself to it.
→The achievement of your goal is assured the moment you are committed to it.
2．container n．容器；集装箱，货柜
(教材P62)There is evidence that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins, as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other containers which they would not find in the wild.
有证据显示，和野生的浣熊相比，城市里的浣熊更聪明，因为它们时常要想办法解决难题，比如怎么打开垃圾桶以及其他它们在野外不会见到的容器。
(1)a plastic/metal container 一个塑料/金属容器
an airtight container 一个密封的容器
a container ship 集装箱船
(2)contain v. 包含，含有；容纳；克制，抑制(感情)
contain oneself 克制自己
(经典佳句)Anger is an acid that does more harm to the container in which it is stored than to any object that touches it.
愤怒是一种酸，它对储存它的容器的伤害大于它对任何接触它的物体的伤害。
[练透] 一词多义(猜测加彩单词的含义)/单句语法填空
①A container is a very large metal or wooden box used for transporting goods so that they can be loaded easily onto ships and lorries.集装箱，货柜
②Put a small amount of the powder into a container and mix with water.容器
③The package containing (contain) a birthday card is given to my mother.
[写美] 完成句子
④I was so angry that I just couldn't contain myself.
我气愤极了，简直无法克制自己。
3．estimate v．估计，估算 n．(对数量、成本等的)估计；估价
(教材P63)Recent studies estimate that between 400 million and 1 billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone.
近期研究估计，仅在美国，每年就有4亿到10亿只鸟因撞向窗户而亡。
(1)estimate sth.at ... 估算某物的价为……，估计某事的数为……
estimate sth.to do 估计……
It is estimated that ... 据估计……
(2)estimation n. (对水平、数量等的)估计；判断，评价
(经典佳句)Loyal in my heart filled with love, I can't estimate their enjoying the wealth.
忠诚的爱情充溢在我的心里，我无法估计自己享有的财富。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①The firm estimated the cost of the new house at ＄10,000.
②At present aircraft emissions are estimated to account (account) for about 2% of the total world CO2 emissions.
③According to rough estimation (estimate), the beautiful vase is worth over a million yuan.
[写美] 完成句子
④It is estimated that the building will be completed in ten months.
据估计，大楼十个月内可以完工。
4．appreciate v．欣赏；赏识；感激，感谢
(教材P63)However they adapt to our ways of urban living, it's important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours.
不论它们如何适应我们的城市生活，更好地理解甚至学会欣赏我们的野生邻居是非常重要的。
(1)appreciate sth./sb. 欣赏/赏识某物/某人
appreciate (sb.) doing sth. 感激(某人)做某事
I would appreciate it if ... 如果……我将不胜感激(it作形式宾语)
(2)appreciation n. 欣赏；感激
(经典佳句)The longer you have to wait for something, the more you will appreciate it when it finally arrives.
越是在漫长等待后到来的东西，越值得我们去珍惜。
[练透] 一词多义(猜测加彩单词的含义)/单句语法填空
①His talents are not fully appreciated in that company.赏识
②Peter stood by me when I most needed it.I'll always appreciate that.感激，感谢
③I really appreciate having (have) the chance to have a talk with you on this topic.
④Here I sincerely express my appreciation (appreciate) if you could help find the lost suitcase.
[写美] 完成句子
⑤I would appreciate it if you can reply to my letter at your earliest convenience.
如果你能在方便时尽快回复我的信件我将感激不尽。
[名师指津] appreciate作“感激，感谢”讲时，其宾语不能直接接人。
5．restrict v．限制，控制；约束
(教材P64)Some environmentalists argue that we should restrict urban development to leave enough natural habitats for wild animals.
一些环保主义者认为，我们应该限制城市发展，为野生动物留下足够的自然栖息地。
(1)restrict sb.to (doing) sth. 约束某人(做)某事
(2)restricted adj. 有限的，受限制的；受控制的，受约束的
be restricted to 限制(在某范围)
(3)restriction n. 限制，约束
(经典佳句)The history of science and technology has proved that too much knowledge and information sometimes hamper and restrict innovation.
科学技术史证明，过多的知识信息有时反倒会妨碍和限制创新。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①We should restrict the number of students per class to 20 to guarantee the teaching quality.
②The use of this kind of drug is restricted (restrict) in many countries.
③There is no restriction (restrict) on the number of people, so you can come to attend the meeting if you like.
[写美] 完成句子
④The speed is restricted to 30 kilometers an hour in this area.
在这个区域，车速被限制为每小时30千米。
句型公式：“only＋状语”置于句首引起的部分倒装句
(教材P63)Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats.
只有那时，我们才能展望与它们和谐分享城市栖息地的未来。
“only＋状语”置于句首时，句子用部分倒装句，其中状语包括：状语从句、介词短语、副词等。
(经典佳句)Only when one loses freedom does one know its value.
一个人只有在失去自由后才知道自由的可贵。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Only then did he realize that he was wrong.
②“Only by shouting am (be) I able to make myself heard，” he said.
③The pilot reassured the passengers.Only then did I realize how dangerous the situation had been.
[写美] 完成句子
④Only then did I understand what she meant.
只有到那时我才明白她的意思。
维度一 品句填词
1．The farm that we visited yesterday is located in the suburb (郊区) of Beijing.
2．Penglai City is a seaside (海滨的) city, located in the northeast of Shandong Province.
3．Winning this contract is crucial (至关重要的) to the success of the company.
4．He must be made to answer for his terrible crime (罪行)．
5．Savings in both urban (城镇的) and rural areas have shown a rapid increase.
6．I asked three building firms to estimate (估算) the repairs to the house.
7．His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage (垃圾) and delivering newspapers.
8．A predator (掠食动物) is an animal that kills and eats other animals.
9．I'd appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
10．He must be a newcomer to town and he obviously didn't understand our local customs.
维度二 词形转换
1．As one of the wealthiest persons in the world, his personal wealth is estimated (estimate) at around ＄90 billion.
2．The police caught two thieves (thief) the day before yesterday.
3．Food will last longer if kept in an airtight container (contain)．
4．The company's success this year would not have been possible without the commitment (commit) and dedication of the staff.
5．Scientists are studying the migratory (migrate) birds to learn their pathways and how they use the environment.
6．In China, the migration (migrate) of millions of young men and women from the countryside to cities is changing family life profoundly.
7．At last, the greedy (greed) man lost all his gold coins and became poor again.
8．I have no choice but to remove (remove) your name from the list.
维度三 固定搭配和句式
1．I'll catch up with you however/no matter how fast you run (无论你跑得多快)．
2．Only after a year's discussion did they finally reach an agreement (他们才最终达成了协议)．
3．A new highway is under construction (正在修建中)between the two towns.
4．It took them about three hours to figure out how to start the machine (搞清楚如何启动这台机器)．
5．Now we have no choice but to put off (别无办法只能推迟) the date of the meeting.
6．Don't tell her about the job until you know for sure (肯定地) — we don't want to raise her hopes.
PAGE
15(共59张PPT)
素养目标
单元知识抢先知
文化意识
必记单词
(主题语境:人与自然——生存)
学会适应环境
eliminate
的变化,冷静面对各
crime
重点短语
种困难,锤炼不屈不 greedy
firefighter
挠的探索精神,树立 thief
react
throw away
正确的人生观和世
commit
monthly take place
界观。
newcomer advanced under construction
思维品质
container
wipe
die from
经典句型
核心语法
强化保护环
nuclear
crash into
境、保护地球的意8bage
1.“ no matter+疑问词”弓
for sure
疑问词+-ever
识,树立与自然和谐
estimate
terrifying
导的让步状语从句
和“ no matter+
相处的观念。
appreciate orbit
figure out
学习能力
restrict
consist
fit in with
2.“only+
状语”置于句首疑问词”引导的
读懂并描述 optimistic infer
bring under contro1引起的部分倒装句
让步状语从句
困境之下的生存
indoors
expose
get rid of
故事,提高自己
3动词不定式短语作表语话题写作
wipe out
的理解能力和表
fuel
dust
4.替代词
达能力。
consumption exposure
consist of
写一篇
语言能力匚> supplement trunk
in the meantime
5. There is no doubt that
生存故事
单元话
题导入
A鱼
