(共71张PPT)
单元知抢先知
素养目标
(主题语境:人与自我——认识自我,丰富自我,完善自我
文化意
反思自己的成长
必记单词
历程,理解成长的意
义,学会自我激励与 integrity commitment
积极生活,树立正确
Ⅵ irtue
suitable
的人生观与价值观。
licence
minmum
思维品质
重点短语
loan
ⅴ anec
理解成长的意义
与责任,树立坚定的
election
routine in charge of
经典句型
人生目标,形成积极wage
chew
have a say
的生活态度。
tax
digestion
1.动词-ing形式作
behind the wheel
学习能力
ambulance
digest
主语
恰当运用各种学
legal
consequence
take responsibility for2.be+形容词+ enough
习策略,在自主、合
作与探究式学习的过 mature
golf give up
tto do sth
核心语法
程中,监控、评价、反 instantly
politics for the first time
3.asi引导状语从句
思和调整自己的学习
或表语从句
将来进行时
gradual
evidence
内容和进程,提高分
lay aside
4have+宾语+宾语补
析和解决问题的能力 approv
airiine
devote oneself to
足语
话题写作
及理解和表达能力。
librarian
bond
5. This/that is
语言能力匚心
household conclusion at a glance
写一篇书评
why..句型
单元话
题导入
A鱼Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
It's not easy to feel like you're always under the spotlight being judged for each little mistake you make.Your mind is in an endless circle playing what you said and did over and over again.And you wish you had a time capsule to go back and make things change if you find mistakes.You fear what others will think about you and that they will reject and dislike you.You seek to be socially perfect.
Academically, you work long endless hours just to make those excellent marks.Although most would say “it's good to have high standards”， they have no idea about the internal hell you put yourself through to achieve perfection.If you come up to less than your desired goal, you will feel as though you have failed, but you're far from failing; you just don't see it that way.So instead you are telling yourself that you're stupid, and not smart.The pressure you place on yourself weighs you down and you wear the “not good enough” label each and every day.
You not only have high standards for yourself but you also have them for others.If people don't perform up to your expectations then you will think them incompetent.This causes a lot of frustration because you can't trust anyone to get things right.So instead of being a team player you fly solo and try to do two or three jobs at once.Your unrealistic expectations cause you to criticize and judge others and that leads to problems in other aspects of your life.
The attempt to be perfect is called perfectionism and it's damaging our emotional and mental health.We strive for perfection of our body, our performance, and our relationships.In a society that overstates mistakes, is it any wonder that so many young people attempt the impossible task of being perfect
We all have flaws, fears, and make mistakes, and that's perfectly OK.It's our imperfections that make life interesting and they help us grow into a stronger and more adaptable person.We don't have to strive to achieve the impossible.We are designed to be perfectly imperfect.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章通过对“完美主义者”的心态和做法的描述，向我们指出完美是不可能实现的，正是我们的“不完美”使得我们的生活变得有趣，帮助我们成为更好的自己。
1．Which of the following is a perfectionist most likely to agree
A．Nobody is perfect.
B．Be generous with praise.
C．There is no best, only better.
D．A contented mind is an everlasting feast.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的If you come up to less than ... label each and every day.可知，完美主义者总认为自己不够好。因此C项(没有最好，只有更好)符合完美主义者的心态。故选C项。
2．What can we infer from Paragraph 4
A．The society is partly to blame for perfectionism.
B．More and more people are tolerating mistakes.
C．Many young people find it impossible to be perfect.
D．It's unusual for a society to seek perfectionism nowadays.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句In a society that overstates mistakes, is it any wonder that so many young people attempt the impossible task of being perfect？可知，在这个夸大错误的社会里，许多年轻人试图追求完美是不足为奇的。据此推断，这个社会对完美主义者的行为产生了一定影响，所以这个社会应为完美主义负部分责任。故选A项。
3．What does the author think of the imperfection
A．It's unbearable.
B．It's part of our life.
C．It deserves to be overcome.
D．It does harm to our mental health.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，我们都有缺点，都会犯错误，正是这些不完美使得我们的生活变得有趣，帮助我们成为更强大且适应性更强的人，人注定就是不完美的。由此推知，不完美是我们生活的一部分。故选B项。
4．Where is the text most likely from
A．A diary. B．A novel.
C．A magazine. D．A guidebook.
解析：选C 文章出处题。本篇议论文剖析了完美主义者的心态，讨论了过度追求完美不仅影响身心健康，而且会因为对别人苛求而产生许多问题。人本来就是不完美的，因此我们没有必要过分追求完美。这种话题的文章最有可能摘自杂志。故选C项。
B
One evening, when I asked my 17 year old son, Ray, for help with dinner, his response took me by surprise.“What's a colander (漏勺)？” he asked.
I could only blame myself.In the family, nobody's hands went in the sauce except my own.But as I explained with a touch of panic that a colander is the thing with holes in it, I wondered what else I hadn't prepared Ray for.Suddenly it hit me：He'd be leaving the house in a year to attend college.No way was I going to send a spoiled prince into the world.
As parents, while we focus on our children's character, we are also raising someone's future roommates, husband, or father.I'd raise a boy who would never ask the woman in his life, “What's for dinner？” So, I came up with a plan to offer Ray a private home economics course.Gladly, he didn't say no.
For two hours, three days a week, Ray was all mine.One day, as his tomato sauce reduced on the stove, he washed and seasoned a chicken for roasting.Then he rolled out the pie crust (馅饼皮) and filled it with apples, while listening to my explanation on the importance of preheating an oven.
One day we covered Advanced Laundry, in which I taught him never to mix a red sweatshirt with white.I knew that he would rather have been shooting hoops in the driveway than learning to mend socks with his mother — he tried to beg off sewing lessons — but it couldn't be denied that he was learning, and more than just housekeeping.“I appreciate what you do as a mom，” he told me one day.
Ray now understands the finer points of cooking, and more importantly, he realizes there's nothing masculine (男子气概的) about being helpless.Not only can he make his own dinner, but also he can make a big meal for his family.That's what I call a man.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者为了让儿子更加适应生活而教会他生活技能的故事。
5．Hearing her son's question, how did the author feel
A．She felt angry.
B．she felt disappointed.
C．She felt shocked.
D．She felt calm.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的his response took me by surprise可知，听到儿子的问题，作者感到震惊，故选C项。
6．What made the author so panic
A．Ray's lack of basic living skills.
B．Ray's absence in the kitchen.
C．Ray's leaving to attend college.
D．Ray's misunderstanding of a colander.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第一段中的What's a colander(漏勺)？及第二段中的In the family, nobody's hands went in the sauce except my own.推测出，使作者恐慌的是Ray在自己的溺爱下，缺乏基本的生活技能，故选A项。
7．In the author's opinion, what aspect do some parents pay little attention to
A．Building up children's confidence.
B．Telling kids what is right and wrong.
C．Preparing children for their future life.
D．Making children live a hard life.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段中As parents, while we focus on our children's character, we are also raising someone's future roommates, husband, or father.可知，作者认为一些家长不太注意让孩子为未来的生活做好准备，故选C项。
8．What can we learn from the text
A．Ray preferred sewing to cooking.
B．Ray made great progress in cooking.
C．Ray thought doing housework was helpless.
D．Ray was unwilling to take the course originally.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，Ray在烹饪方面取得了很大的进步，故选B项。
C
Born in 1965, Shania Twain was the second of five children in her family.At the age of two, she moved with her mother and two sisters to Timmins, a town north of Toronto.When Shania was eight years old, her mother took her to many different bars, clubs and concerts to perform.In high school, Shania joined a local band, with which she often performed.After that, Shania moved to Toronto, where she continued singing.
When Shania was 21 years old, her parents were killed in a car accident.She had to take over the role of parent to her younger siblings.Taking care of two teenage brothers and a sister was a Gordian knot.Suddenly, she had to pay the bills, keep food on the table, and make a living.Anyway, Shania managed to pay the bills by singing here and there.
In 1991, Shania went to Nashville, the home of the country music industry.In 1993, she recorded Shania Twain, her first CD.In 1995, her next CD, The Woman in Me, which had eight hit songs, sold more than ten million copies.Her third CD, Come on Over, was also popular and she had another hit song.
Shania and Robert Lange, a famous producer, got married in 1993.After finishing her 2000 world tour, she decided to take a break from performing.In August 2001, they had a lovely son, whom they named Eja.After September 11th, Shania decided to spend more time on her family and stayed at home until the fall of 2002.Her reappearance in the music world put her face on magazine covers and country music publications.She also began to promote (宣传) her new CD, Up, on TV shows.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了著名歌手Shania Twain的成长之路。
9．According to the text, Shania .
A．went to Timmins in 1965
B．was born into a musical family
C．recorded her first CD in high school
D．began singing in public at an early age
解析：选D 细节理解题。由第一段中的When Shania was eight years old, her mother ...to perform.可知，Shania很小的时候就开始在公共场合演唱了，故选D项。
10．The underlined part “a Gordian knot” in Paragraph 2 probably means “ ”．
A．a big business B．a difficult task
C．a social activity D．a simple problem
解析：选B 词义猜测题。由第二段内容可知，父母离世后，Shania不得不照顾弟弟妹妹，支撑起这个家，这是一项艰巨的任务，故选B项。
11．What's the right order of the events in Shania Twain's life
a．She moved to Nashville.
b．She married Robert Lange.
c．She lost her parents forever.
d．She promoted Up on TV shows.
e．She recorded The Woman in Me.
A．c，a，b，e，d B．a，c，e，b，d
C．c，b，a，d，e D．a，b，e，d，c
解析：选A 细节理解题。由第一段中的Born in 1965和第二段中的When Shania was 21 years old, her parents were killed可知，她失去父母是在1986年；由第三段中的In 1991, Shania went to Nashville和In 1995, her next CD, The Woman in Me；最后一段中的Shania and Robert Lange ...got married in 1993和until the fall of 2002 ...Up, on TV shows可知，选A项。
12．What does the author mainly talk about in the text
A．Why Shania Twain chose to be a singer.
B．How difficult it is to become a singer.
C．A girl's road to success as a singer.
D．Shania Twain's opinion on music.
解析：选C 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了著名歌手Shania Twain的成长之路，故选C项。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Reasons Why Change Is Good for You
We all know that change is hard because your brain is used to doing the same thing again and again. 1 But the positive consequence is really great.Here are four reasons why change is good for you：
◆ 2
Life in the comfort zone is easy.You simply follow a routine and you can predict the results.Outside of the comfort zone, your assumptions are questioned.The idea of doing the same thing over and over without question is discouraged.
◆ You get to experience more.
3 When you look back on your life, all of the really amazing things are because of a new experience you had.All of those vacations you took and all of the people you have met have taught you more than you ever learned in school.These experiences now make up who you are today.
◆ You'll be more flexible and adaptable.
Without doubt change makes you more flexible and adaptable.You learn to deal with things in a way that seems foreign but acceptable and achievable. 4 You begin to thrive (茁壮成长) in new situations because you have proven to yourself that you can, not only handle change, but FLOURISH.
◆ You have more fun.
When you are open to change, you are open to saying YES to more.You are open to more experiences and opportunities. 5 When you add all of these things together, you are going to have a more colorful life and you'll have a ton of fun figuring it all out along the way — there's no doubt about it.
A．You are pushed out of your comfort zone.
B．Experience is waiting for you at the doorstep.
C．You have the opportunity to meet more people too.
D．Whether the change is good or bad for you, it does happen.
E．We also know how challenging it can be to go through change.
F．Then, you'll be more confident when in the next uncomfortable situation.
G．Change is good because you have the chance to involve in new experiences.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了人们为什么要做出改变，走出舒适区。
1．选E 根据上文We all know that change is hard because your brain is used to doing the same thing again and again.可知，E项(我们也知道经历改变是具有挑战性的)承接上文。动词know为复现词。
2．选A 根据下文Life in the comfort zone is easy.You simply follow a routine and you can predict the results.Outside of the comfort zone, your assumptions are questioned.可知，A项(你被迫离开舒适区)可以作为本段小标题。comfort zone是关键词。
3．选G 下文When you look back on your life, all of the really amazing things are because of a new experience you had.与G项(改变很好，因为你有机会参与新的经历)承接自然，上下文话题一致。new experience是关键词。
4．选F 上文You learn to deal with things in a way that seems foreign but acceptable and achievable.与F项(然后，当下一个不舒适的情况出现时，你会更加自信)承接自然，因为学会了一种解决问题的方式所以以后在不舒服情况下会更加自信，故选F项。
5．选C 上文When you are open to change, you are open to saying YES to more.You are open to more experiences and opportunities.与C项(你也有机会遇到更多的人)都是愿意改变的好处，上下文是明显的并列关系。more是关键词。
PAGE
7Starting out & Understanding ideas
In the game of life, if it often seems like you're on the losing end of things, you're not alone.Life is filled with ups and downs.That's why I want to tell you the harsh (残酷的) truths in the process of growing up.
1．Life isn't fair.
Life will hand you lemons, often when you least expect it.The sooner you embrace this harsh truth, the better prepared you'll be to handle tough (艰难的) situations that are sure to arise.
2．The first step is always the hardest.
Let's face it：changing bad habits is tough.Chinese philosopher Lao Tzu once said, “The journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” So if you want to change something, start with baby steps.
3．Not everyone will support you along the way.
In life, there's no shortage of doubters, haters, and pessimists (悲观主义者)．Overcoming this harsh truth is simple：don't listen.Choose to stick with your guns, trust your instincts (本能), and forget about people who don't support your goals and passions.
4．You are the only thing holding yourself back from greatness.
Often we are so absorbed in hoping for the next great thing that we don't realize what's unfolding right in front of our faces.Don't hold yourself back with negative thoughts.Instead, focus on the positive things you have in your life.
[理解] Read the passage and answer the following questions.1．What do “lemons” in Paragraph 2 refer to Lemons refer to the tough situations in life. 2．What should you do when some people don't support you You should choose to stick with your guns, trust your instincts, and forget about people who don't support your goals and passions. [积累] 1．ups and downs 兴衰沉浮，起起落落， 曲折起伏2．embrace v. 欣然接受，乐意采纳3．shortage n. 缺乏4．hold back 阻碍，阻止5．be absorbed in 全神贯注于，专心致志于
Section ⅠStarting out & Understanding ideas
The Age of Majority
In most countries, [1]turning 18 marks① the start of adulthood②.But what does reaching this milestone③， the age of majority④， really mean Will you be completely in charge of⑤ your own life and able to express yourself in new and exciting ways What new responsibilities⑥ will this freedom⑦ bring Here, three young people tell us [2]what turning 18 means, or meant, to them.
[1]动词 ing形式作主语。
[2]what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语。
Bethany 16, Victoria, Australia
I can't wait to⑧ be 18.One reason is [3]that although I've been working ever since⑨ leaving school, I won't be voting⑩ in the next general election .Why Because I still won't be old enough.Surely ， [4]if you're old enough to earn a wage and pay taxes ， you should be allowed to have a say on [5]how the government spends them! I've also been taking driving lessons, and in fact I will be taking my driving test on the very day I turn 18.My mum worries about me being behind the wheel .As an ambulance driver, she's seen a lot of car accidents [6]involving teenagers and thinks the legal age for getting a driving licence should be 21.But I think I'm already mature enough to understand [7]that driving a car also means taking responsibility for my life and the lives of other people.
[3]that引导表语从句，从句中含有although引导的让步状语从句。
[4]if引导条件状语从句。
[5]how引导宾语从句，作介词on的宾语。
[6]现在分词短语involving teenagers作后置定语，修饰名词car accidents。
[7]that引导宾语从句，that在从句中不作成分，可以省略。
Lin Ning 19, Shanghai, China
I celebrated my 18th birthday just before I went to university.I expected to feel instantly different, [8]as if I had closed the door on my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world.But it wasn't like that.When I woke up the next day， [9]there were still rules to obey and lessons to attend.In fact, the change has been more subtle and gradual than I imagined.Instead of being the selfish teenager [10]I used to be, I have begun to feel more aware of other people and to develop a stronger sense of social responsibility.To give an example, I will be signing an organ donation agreement this time tomorrow.This was a big decision for me and I made it without asking my parents (although I knew they would approve)．Turning 18 also changed the way [11]that society viewed me.I was really surprised when a bank contacted me with a credit card offer.Of course, I would like to have more freedom with money and no doubt I will be getting a credit card at some point, but I currently don't have a steady income, so getting a credit card might tempt me to spend more money than I have!
[8]as if引导状语从句，意为“好像，仿佛，似乎”，从句使用了虚拟语气。
[9]动词不定式短语 to obey和to attend作定语，分别修饰名词rules和lessons。
[10]I used to be为定语从句，修饰名词teenager，从句省略了关系代词that/which。
[11]that引导定语从句，修饰名词way。
①mark v. 标志，意味着
②adulthood n. 成年
③milestone n. 重大事件，里程碑
④the age of majority 法定成年年龄
⑤in charge of 掌管，负责
⑥responsibility n. 责任，义务
⑦freedom n. 自由
⑧can't wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事
⑨ever since 自……以来
⑩vote v. 投票；选举
election n. 选举
general election 大选，普选
surely adv. 当然；无疑，必定
wage n. (按小时、日或周计算的)工资，薪金
tax n. 税
pay taxes 交税，纳税
have a say 有发言权
very adj. 恰好的，(特指人或事物)正是的
behind the wheel 在驾驶汽车
ambulance n. 救护车
involve v. 牵涉，涉及
legal adj. 合法的
driving licence 驾照，驾驶执照
mature adj. 成熟的，明白事理的
take responsibility for 对……负责
go to university 上大学
instantly adv. 立即，马上
childhood n. 童年，儿童时代
the next day 第二天
obey v. 服从；遵守
subtle adj. 难以察觉的；微妙的
gradual adj. 逐渐的，逐步的
selfish adj. 自私的
a strong sense of social responsibility 一种强烈的社会责任感
organ donation 器官捐献
approve v. 赞成，同意
view v. 看待
credit card 信用卡
currently adv. 目前
steady adj. 稳定的
tempt v. 诱惑，引诱
Morgan 20, Florida, the US
[12]People say that 18 marks a new chapter in our lives, and that we should become more independent.I used to believe this, but the reality for me has been very different.I assumed I'd already have a well paid job and that I'd be moving into a rented apartment as soon as I turned 18, but how wrong I was! My librarian's salary means that I'll be living at home with my parents for a while longer.Because I contribute to the household bills and my commute to work is quite expensive, [13]I find it hard to save any money.I'll be starting a new job next month, however, so maybe things will get easier.I know I could get a bank loan to pay the deposit on my very own apartment, but I don't feel ready to make that kind of commitment， and [14]I do like my mom's cooking.I guess some responsibilities are more about attitude than age.
[12]本句中含有两个that引导的宾语从句。
[13]本句中it作形式宾语，不定式短语to save any money作真正的宾语。
[14]本句中do用来强调谓语动词like。
independent adj. 独立的；自主的
assume v. 假定；假设；认为
librarian n. 图书馆管理员
household adj. 家庭的
commute n. 每天上下班的路程
deposit n. 订金
pay the deposit on ... 支付……的订金
commitment n. 投入，花费
[参考译文]
成年
在大多数国家，进入18岁便意味着成年。但是到达成年这一里程碑到底意味着什么呢？你将完全主宰自己的生活吗？你能够用新奇的、激动人心的方式来表达自己吗？获得这种自由又会带来什么新的责任呢？接下来，有三位年轻人会为我们讲述年满18岁对他们意味着什么，或是曾经意味了什么。
贝萨妮16岁，澳大利亚 维多利亚州
我简直等不及想要到18岁了。其中一个原因是虽然我一毕业就工作了，但是我依然不能在下一届大选中投票。为什么？因为我依然不满18岁。当然，我认为如果一个人已经工作并且交税了，那他应该对政府在支配税收方面有一定的话语权。我也一直在学习驾驶，并且我会在18岁当天就去考驾照。妈妈十分担心我开车，作为一名救护车司机，她目睹过太多涉及青少年的车祸，她认为考驾照的法定年龄应该推迟到21岁。但是我觉得自己已经足够成熟，知道开车也意味着要对自己和他人的生命负责。
林宁19岁，中国 上海
上大学前我刚满18岁。我曾经期待马上会有不一样的感觉，就好像自己关闭了童年的大门，踏进一个全新的成人世界。但是事实并非如此。第二天我醒来时，仍然有需要遵守的规则，需要参加的课程。事实上，这种变化比我想象的更微小，更平缓。相比自己之前那个自私的青少年角色，我已经开始更多地关注别人，并且去培养更强烈的社会责任感。比如说，明天这个时候我将会签署器官捐赠意向书。这对我来说是个重大的决定，做出这个决定我并未征求父母的意见(虽然我知道他们会同意的)。满18岁后，社会对待我的方式也改变了。有家银行给我打电话让我办理信用卡的时候，我非常惊讶。虽然我想在花钱方面更为自由，而且毫无疑问我将在未来的某个时间获得一张信用卡，但是我现在还没有稳定的收入，所以现在办理的话可能会让我透支！
摩根20岁，美国 佛罗里达州
人们都说18岁意味着翻开人生的新篇章，我们应该变得更独立。我曾经也这样认为，但是事实并非如此。我以为我一到18岁就有了一份薪水不错的工作，能搬进自己租的公寓，我是多么异想天开呀！作为一个图书馆管理员，我的工资只够我继续长时间和父母住在一起。因为我要分担家庭账单，而且我的通勤费用很高，所以我发现攒钱非常困难。不过下个月我会开始一份新工作，也许情况能有所好转。我知道我可以通过贷款来支付购买自己公寓的订金，但我还无法向银行做出这种重大的承诺，而且我真的很喜欢吃妈妈做的饭。我觉得要想负起一些责任，更多的是关乎态度，而不是年龄。
Step One：Pre reading
Do you expect to become an adult What do you think you can do when you become an adult
Yes, I do.When I become an adult, I think I can get a full time job, rent an apartment and get a driver's licence.
Step Two：While reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
Read the passage quickly and choose the best answer.
What is the passage mainly about
A．The age of majority varies in different countries.
B．Some views about the right to vote.
C．What the age of majority means.
D．Young people should be independent.
答案：C
Ⅱ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1．Why can't Bethany wait to be 18
A．Because she is eager to work.
B．Because she wants to leave school.
C．Because she desires to get the vote and a driving licence.
D．Because she wants to have a say on how the government spends the taxes.
2．What age does Bethany's mother think the legal age for getting a driving licence should be
A．16. B．18.
C．20. D．21.
3．What does Lin Ning think being an adult means
A．It means he can go to university.
B．It means he can celebrate his birthday freely.
C．It means he needn't obey rules or attend lessons.
D．It means he should have a stronger sense of social responsibility.
4．Why will Morgan be living at home with his parents for a while longer
A．He has a well paid job.
B．He has to start a new job next month.
C．He is independent as expected.
D．He earns a low salary working as a librarian.
答案：1～4 CDDD
Step Three：Post reading
阅读课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In most countries, turning 18 1.marks (mark) the start of adulthood.In this passage, three young people tell us 2.what turning 18 means, or meant, to them.
16 year old girl Bethany says turning 18 means she is old enough 3.to vote (vote) in the election and have a say on how the government spends the taxes.Though Bethany's mum, an ambulance driver, worries about her 4.being (be) behind the wheel, Bethany thinks she can take 5.responsibility (responsible) for her life and the lives of other people.
Lin Ning, 19 year old from Shanghai in China, celebrated his 18th birthday just before he 6.went (go) to university.He expected to feel 7.instantly (instant) different, but it wasn't like that.In fact, the change has been more gradual and subtle than he imagined.Instead of being the selfish teenager he used to be, he has begun to feel more aware 8.of other people and to develop a stronger sense of social responsibility.
Morgan, 20 year old from Florida in the US, used to believe he should become 9.more independent (independence) at the age of 18, but the reality for him has been very different.Because he contributes to the household bills and his commute to work is quite expensive, he finds 10.it hard to save any money.
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．a driving licence 驾驶执照
2．repay a loan 偿还贷款
3．have legal rights 有合法的权利
4．several mature apple trees 几棵成熟的苹果树
5．profits after tax 税后利润
6．the traditional virtue of Chinese people 中华民族的传统美德
7．call an ambulance 打电话叫救护车
8．average wage 平均工资
9．a steady income 一份稳定的收入
10．require commitment of time and energy 需要时间和精力的投入
11．obey the rules 遵守规则
12．at a minimum cost 以最小的代价
13．I think this kind of accommodation suits you, because it offers an independent room and is more suitable for the long stay students.(suit)
14．As is known to all, education is a gradual process, and people are gradually aware of its importance.(gradual)
15．He won the election and was elected as President of the country.And he elected to operate a reform first.(elect)
16．Though my plan was not approved by the boss, I managed to earn the approval of many colleagues.(approve)
17．The instant the earthquake happened, all the people ran out of the building instantly.(instant)
[掌握规律 巧记单词]
1．动词＋ion变名词
①attract→attraction ②instruct→instruction
③invent→invention ④discuss→discussion
⑤express→expression
2．动词去掉e加al变名词
①survive→survival ②arrive→arrival
③propose→proposal ④refuse→refusal
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．I'm looking for the person who is in charge of (掌管) the company.
2．We have a say (有发言权) in the decision to sell the company.
3．To our great shock, it was a little boy who was behind the wheel (在驾驶汽车)．
4．Organ donation (器官捐献) can save many patients from dying while they wait for transplants.
5．Each of us must take responsibility for (对……负责) our own actions.
6．The students in my class are all trying their best to study hard to go to university (上大学)．
7．As an adult, you should have a strong sense of social responsibility (一种强烈的社会责任感)．
8．I believe that each of us can contribute to (对……做出贡献) the future of the world.
Ⅲ.典型句式
1．[教材原句] In most countries, turning 18 marks the start of adulthood.
[句式分析] 动词 ing形式作主语
[佳句仿写] Watching films is my favourite pastime.
看电影是我最喜欢的消遣。
2.[教材原句] But I think I'm already mature enough to understand that driving a car also means taking responsibility for my life and the lives of other people.
[句式分析] be＋形容词＋enough＋to do sth.
[佳句仿写] Our plans need to be flexible enough to meet the needs of everyone.
我们的计划需要足够灵活，以满足每个人的需要。
3．[教材原句] I expected to feel instantly different, as if I had closed the door on my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world.
[句式分析] as if引导状语从句，从句使用了虚拟语气，表示与过去的事实相反
[佳句仿写] She stood at the door as if she had turned to a sculpture.
我在门旁站着，好像变成了一尊雕塑。
1．election n．选举
(教材P3)One reason is that although I've been working ever since leaving school, I won't be voting in the next general election.
其中一个原因是虽然我一毕业就工作了，但是我依然不能在下一届大选中投票。
(1)win/lose an election 当/落选，在选举中获胜/失败
vote in an election 在选举中投票
(2)elect v. 选举，推选；选择，决定
elect to do sth. 决定/选择做某事
elect sb. as/to be＋职位 选某人为……(职位前无冠词)
(经典佳句)In China, every citizen who has reached the age of eighteen has the right to vote and stand for election.
在中国，凡年满18岁的公民都有选举权和被选举权。
[练透] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①It's said that the election (elect) will be held two months behind schedule.
②Nowadays, increasing numbers of people elect to work (work) at home.
③Only the person who was born in the United States can be elected as/to be President.
只有出生于美国的人才可以被选为总统。
④It's impossible to tell who will win the next election.
很难断定谁会赢得下次选举。
[写美] 翻译句子
⑤我的英语水平很好，所以我被选为英语老师的助理。
I have a good command of English, so I am elected as/to be an assistant to my English teacher.
2．legal adj.合法的
(教材P3)As an ambulance driver, she's seen a lot of car accidents involving teenagers and thinks the legal age for getting a driving licence should be 21.
作为一名救护车司机，她目睹过太多涉及青少年的车祸，她认为考驾照的法定年龄应该推迟到21岁。
(1)It is legal (for sb.) to do sth. 某人做某事是合法的
(2)illegal adj. 违法的，犯法的
(3)legally adv. 合法地，在法律上
(经典佳句)For legal reasons, most restaurants have a policy against giving away food waste.
由于法律原因，大多数餐馆都有禁止捐赠食物垃圾的规定。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①It's legal for employees to get (get) the salary that the boss has promised.
②The school is legally (legal) responsible for the children's safety.
[写美] 完成句子
③What she has done is perfectly/completely legal.
她的所作所为是完全合法的。
3．instantly adv.立即，马上
(教材P3)I expected to feel instantly different, as if I had closed the door on my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world.
我曾经期待马上会有不一样的感觉，就好像自己关闭了童年的大门，踏进一个全新的成人世界。
(1)instantly ... ＝the instant ... 一……就……
(2)instant adj. 立即的，立刻的；速食的，即食的，方便的
n. 瞬间，片刻
in an instant 立即，马上
(经典佳句)Bank customers can access their checking accounts instantly through the electronic system.
银行客户可以通过电子系统立即查看自己的支票账户。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Fortunately, somebody called the fire department instantly (instant) when the fire broke out.
②The instant I saw him, I knew he was the man I was looking for.
③As soon as he got home, they forgot all their fears in an instant.
[写美] 一句多译
④一看见他，我就认出了他就是那个曾经帮助过我的警察。
→Instantly I saw him, I recognized that he was the policeman who had helped me before.
→The instant I saw him, I recognized that he was the policeman who had helped me before.
[名师指津] 表示“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句的还有：immediately/directly, as soon as，the moment/minute/second等。
4．approve v．赞成，同意；批准，通过(计划、要求等)
(教材P3)This was a big decision for me and I made it without asking my parents (although I knew they would approve)．
这对我来说是个重大的决定，做出这个决定我并未征求父母的意见(虽然我知道他们会同意的)。
(1)approve sth. 批准/通过某事
approve of (sb./sb.'s) doing sth. 同意/赞成(某人)做某事
(2)approval n. 赞成，同意；批准，通过，认可
win/earn sb.'s approval 赢得某人的同意/赞许/认可
(3)approving adj. 赞成的，同意的，赞许的
approved adj. 经核准的，被认可的
(经典佳句)I don't approve of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.
我不同意你说的话，但是我会誓死捍卫你说话的权利。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Do you approve of the idea that success can be measured in terms of money alone
②I approve of your trying (try) to make some money, but please don't neglect your studies.
③Without the approval (approve) of the government, no one can build houses on the farmland.
④His teacher nodded gladly and gave him an approving (approve) look.
⑤Only the approved (approve) products can be sold in the local market.
[写美] 完成句子
⑥Tom works very hard at school, hoping to win/earn his parents' approval.
汤姆在学校学习很努力，希望得到父母的认可。
5．suitable adj.合适的
(教材P4)Choose another suitable title for the passage and give your reasons.
为这篇文章选择另一个合适的标题，并给出你的理由。
(1)be suitable for 适合……
be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
(2)suit v. 适合于(某人)；适宜；满足(某人)需要；
合(某人)心意
suit ... to ... 使……适合……
(3)suit n. 西装，套装
(经典佳句)She had no other dress suitable to wear for the party.
她没有其他适合在聚会上穿的裙子。
[练透] 一词多义(猜测加彩单词的词性和含义)/单句语法填空
①He was a big man in his forties, smartly dressed in a suit and tie.n.西装，套装
②The skirt is too long and the colour doesn't suit you.v.适合于
③The course is suitable for beginners and advanced students.
④A good teacher should suit his lessons to the age of his students.
[写美] 完成句子
⑤This piece is suitable to be played at the wedding.
这个曲子适合婚礼上演奏。
1．句型公式：动词 ing形式作主语
(教材P2)In most countries, turning 18 marks the start of adulthood.
在大多数国家，进入18岁便意味着成年。
(1)动词 ing形式作主语往往表示一般的或习惯性的动作，谓语动词用单数形式；
(2)动词 ing形式作主语时，有时用it作形式主语，而把动名词(短语)后置，常见结构：
It is useless/no use/no good/a waste of time＋doing sth.做某事是无用的/没有用的/没有好处的/浪费时间的；
(3)动词 ing形式作主语时可以有自己的逻辑主语，构成动名词的复合结构。
(经典佳句)It's no use crying over spilt milk.
覆水难收。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①His coming (come) surprised all the people present.
②Learning English well is (be) challenging for him as he is an average student.
③It is no good telling (tell) your trouble to a man like him.
[写美] 完成句子
④Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.
忙碌一天之后，听音乐使我感到很放松。
2．句型公式：as if引导状语从句或表语从句
(教材P3)I expected to feel instantly different, as if I had closed the door on my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world.
我曾经期待马上会有不一样的感觉，就好像自己关闭了童年的大门，踏进一个全新的成人世界。
as if(＝as though)意为“似乎，好像”，常引导表语从句或状语从句。
(1)如果as if/though所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生，句子要用陈述语气。
(2)如果所引导的从句只是表示一种假设的情况，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其形式如下：
①表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用一般过去时(从句中be动词常用were)；
②表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用过去完成时；
③表示与将来事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。
(3)当as if/though引导的从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句中有be的某种形式时，从句中的主语和系动词可省略，后面直接跟名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式或分词。
(经典佳句)Live as if your were to die tomorrow.Learn as if you were to live forever.
—Gandhi
像知道你明天就要死一样地生活，像你将永远活着一样地学习。——甘地
[练透] 单句语法填空
①She treated her adopted son as if he were (be) her own child.
②It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had done (do) it
③He stared at me as if seeing (see) me for the first time.
④The student raised his hand as if to ask (ask) a question.
[写美] 完成句子
⑤She looked as if nothing had happened to her.
她看起来好像什么事都没发生过似的。
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