(共19张PPT)
A鱼
过去完成时的被动语态表示动作在过去某
时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成,且
定义主语与谓语动词之间存在被动关系
过(构成 I had been done
去完成时的被动
用在told,said,knew, though等动词后
的宾语从句中,表示宾语从句中的动作已
被做完
当 before,when, by the time,unti等引
导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去时,
语
以及by, before后接过去的时间时,主句
的动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之
基本前且表示被动时
用法「在 It was the first/ second/. time that
从句中,主语是动作的承受者时,要用过
去完成时的被动语态
在虚拟语气中,条件句表示与过去的事实
相反,且主语是动作的承受者时,要用过
去完成时的被动语态Using language
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
When I was nine yeas old, I loved to go fishing with my dad.But the only thing that wasn't very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldn't catch anything.I usually got pretty upset and kept asking him why.He always answered, “Son, if you want to catch a fish, you have to think like a fish.” I remember being even more upset then because, “I'm not a fish！” I didn't know how to think like a fish.Besides, I reasoned, how could what I think influence what a fish does
As I got a little older I began to understand what my dad really meant.So, I read some books on fish.And I even joined the local fishing club and started attending the monthly meetings.I learned that a fish is a cold blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature.That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer.Besides, water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade.Yet, fish don't have any eyelids (眼皮) and the sun hurts their eyes ...The more I understood fish, the more I became effective at finding and catching them.
When I grew up and entered the business world, I remember hearing my first boss say, “We all need to think like salespeople.” But it didn't completely make sense.My dad never once said, “If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.” What he said was, “You need to think like a fish.” Years later, with great efforts to promote long term services to people much older and richer than me, I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers.It is not an easy job.I will show you how in the following chapters.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和父亲钓鱼时，父亲教他要像鱼一样思考，学会钓鱼的道理，并告诉大家从事商业销售时要像消费者一样去思考。
1．Why was the author upset in the fishing trips when he was nine
A．He could not catch a fish.
B．His father was not patient with him.
C．His father did not teach him fishing.
D．He could not influence a fish as his father did.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的But the only thing that wasn't very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldn't catch anything.I usually got pretty upset and kept asking him why.可知，作者9岁时去钓鱼时感到难过，是因为他捉不到一条鱼，故选A项。
2．What did the author's father really mean
A．To read about fish.
B．To learn fishing by oneself.
C．To understand what fish think.
D．To study fishing in many ways.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的The more I understood fish, the more I became effective at finding and catching them.可推知，作者父亲的真正意思是要在许多方面研究钓鱼的方法，故选D项。
3．According to the author, where are fish most likely to be found
A．In deep water on sunny days.
B．In deep water on cloudy days.
C．In shallow water under sunlight.
D．In shallow water under waterside trees.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water可知，鱼喜欢在浅水里，不喜欢在深水里，故排除A、B两项；根据第二段中的water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade.Yet, fish don't have any eyelids(眼皮) and the sun hurts their eyes可知，鱼喜欢待在阴凉处，不喜欢待在阳光直射的地方，故排除C项；D项(水边树下的浅水处)是鱼喜欢待的地方，此处更有可能发现鱼，故选D项。
4．After entering the business world, what did the author find
A．It is easy to think like a customer.
B．His father's fishing advice is inspiring.
C．His first boss's sales ideas are reasonable.
D．It is difficult to sell services to poor people.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的My dad never once said, “If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.” What he said was, “You need to think like a fish.” Years later, with great efforts to promote long term services to people much older and richer than me, I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers.可知，进入商界后，作者发现父亲的钓鱼建议对他很有启发，故选B项。
B
Parents can begin good organization (条理) habits with preschool age kids.Experts recommend asking them to do small, simple actions on a regular basis with the help of parents.Maybe they open their bags and bring their lunch bag to the kitchen, or take their shoes off at the door and put them in a nearby closet.These won't save parents much time, but they will help develop good habits.
When kids enter primary school, they should be ready for more responsibility.This is the time to teach them about daily routines, and help them take control over theirs.Parents and children might sit down together and make a list of everything that needs to be done to get out of the house in the morning, or get ready for bed at night.Together, parents should figure out how long each activity takes, and when is the best time to do them.Some of the kids might want to get their bags ready and pick out their clothes the night before.
It's also wise to create a firm schedule for homework.When do kids do their homework How long do they need Where do they do it Where will the homework go once it is done Figure them out and stick to the schedule as much as possible.
Parents should print up these task lists and help kids finish them step by step.Kids might even check them off each morning or evening.Also, make sure there are clocks in the rooms in which these tasks will take place.Time management is an important part of learning organization, but it can't be done if kids don't know what time it is.
Organization gives kids the chance to make it possible to focus on a task and complete it.Kids tend to be more motivated to learn organization skills if they see organization as a challenge to overcome, rather than a fault to repair.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何培养孩子做事有条理的习惯给家长提出了一些建议。
5．Why are kids advised to do small and simple actions
A．To save parents' time.
B．To join a school organization.
C．To form a good relationship with others.
D．To help kids form good habits.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的These won't save parents much time, but they will help develop good habits.可知，专家建议学龄前的孩子在家长的帮助下，做一些小的、简单的事情，因为这样有助于孩子养成良好的习惯，故选D项。
6．What should parents do to help kids develop organization skills
A．Offer some suggestions only.
B．Finish the daily tasks for kids.
C．Assist kids in finishing the daily tasks.
D．Let the kids finish the daily tasks alone.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的to create a firm schedule for homework和第四段中的Parents should print up these task lists and help kids finish them step by step.可知，当孩子进入小学时，父母为孩子制订一个严格的时间表，并将任务表打印出来，帮助孩子一步一步地完成。由此可知，父母应该帮助孩子完成日常任务，帮助孩子发展组织能力，故选C项。
7．What does the author think of organization for kids
A．It is a fault to repair. B．It is nothing special.
C．It is easy to achieve. D．It is a helpful skill.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第五段中的Organization gives kids the chance to make it possible to focus on a task and complete it.可知，作者认为做事有条理对孩子来说，是一项有用的技能，故选D项。
8．What is the main idea of the text
A．Assisting parents with a good parent child relationship.
B．Parents should spend more time with kids.
C．Giving advice on developing kids' good organization habits.
D．Parents should make kids more independent.
解析：选C 主旨大意题。本文第一段建议学龄前儿童从小的、简单的事情做起；第二段建议家长教育孩子关于日常事务的安排；第三、四段是在孩子们上小学后，父母可以制订一个严格的家庭作业时间表，建议家长将任务表打印出，并逐步帮助孩子完成任务。由此可知，本文主要关于如何培养孩子做事有条理的习惯，并给家长提出了一些建议，故选C项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
I used to hate running.It seemed too hard.My husband Charles had been a serious competitive 1 for many years.After our marriage, he wouldn't stop talking about how much he missed it.So he picked it up again, and after about a year, I started to 2 him at the track.Just a few weeks later, Charles 3 us both up for a five kilometer race.I
4 about doing it.It was too soon.
But on race day, there I was.The gun 5 .Thousands of runners pushed forward.The first kilometer was tough.“I don't think I'm gonna make it.” I was already breathing
6 and painfully aware of the group of runners pounding past me.“No, you're doing great，” said Charles.He was trying to encourage me, to get me focused on something else 7 my discomfort.
After another minute I saw the three kilometer mark.All I could think of was that I was dying.Miserable doesn't even begin to describe how I felt.“You'll be fine.You've got less than a kilometer to go，” my husband said.I rounded a corner, and saw both sides of the street 8 with people watching the race, all cheering the runners on.I willed my
9 to keep going.Then I looked up and saw the clock.The seconds ticking away gave me 10 .I knew that if I 11 finished this race I would achieve something. 12 ， I straightened up and kicked it.I had my arms held higher when I passed through the finish line.A volunteer 13 a medal around my neck.
“You did great! I'm so proud of you！” Charles was 14 that I'd made it.“That was AMAZING! I want to do another race.This running stuff is amazing！” I proudly
15 my medal as we walked to the post race festivities.My lungs and my comfort zone both expanded.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者一开始讨厌跑步，与丈夫一起参加了一次五公里跑步比赛，在途中因为各种不适想要放弃。最终在丈夫的鼓励下成功跑到终点，并获得了奖章的故事。
1．A.runner B．policeman
C．doctor D．lawyer
解析：选A 根据下文作者和丈夫参加跑步比赛可知，作者的丈夫曾是一个多年的跑步者(runner)。
2．A.follow B．attend
C．join D．urge
解析：选C 根据上文作者的丈夫重拾跑步可知，一年后作者也加入了(join)他跑步的行列里。
3．A.signed B．gathered
C．involved D．registered
解析：选A 由下文的“五公里比赛”可知，作者的丈夫是给他们俩报名了，sign up“报名”。
4．A.commented B．hesitated
C．wondered D．enquired
解析：选B 由下文It was too soon.及上文作者不喜欢跑步可知，作者有些犹豫(hesitated)。
5．A.went off B．went out
C．broke off D．broke out
解析：选A 枪声一响(went off)，成千上万的跑步者向前冲去。
6．A.smoothly B．heavily
C．quickly D．abruptly
解析：选B 作者认为自己办不到，并且呼吸沉重(heavily)，痛苦地意识到自己已经被跑步人群所超过。
7．A.or rather B．more than
C．rather than D．better than
解析：选C 他试图鼓励“我”，让“我”专注于其他事情而不是(rather than)“我”的不适。
8．A.rich B．loose
C．ready D．thick
解析：选D “我”转过一个拐角，看见街道两旁挤满了(thick with)观看比赛的人，都在为运动员加油。
9．A.arms B．mind
C．heart D．legs
解析：选D 上文提到作者比赛过程中的各种不适，此时看到街边欢呼的人群，作者让自己的双腿(legs)坚定下来继续跑。
10．A.strength B．patience
C．expectation D．wisdom
解析：选A 作者抬头看了看表，秒钟的嘀嗒声给了她力量(strength)。
11．A.formally B．immediately
C．normally D．actually
解析：选D “我”知道如果“我”真地(actually)完成了这场比赛，“我”将会有所成就。
12．A.However B．Therefore
C．Yet D．Instead
解析：选B 结合上下文可知，此处是顺承关系，故选Therefore(因此)。
13．A.rewarded B．handed
C．put D．presented
解析：选C 一位志愿者将奖牌放(put)在“我”的脖子上。
14．A.thrilled B．amused
C．shocked D．frozen
解析：选A 结合上下文可知，作者的丈夫对作者的成功感到非常激动(thrilled)。
15．A.enjoyed B．hugged
C．kept D．seized
解析：选B 当“我们”走向赛后庆祝活动时，“我”自豪地搂着(hugged)“我”的奖牌。
Ⅲ.语法填空
In his book, Intentional Living, author John Maxwell shares that back in 1976, he received a gift from one of his 1 (friend)．As he opened the gift, he saw that it was a book 2 (name) The Greatest Story Ever Told.He couldn't wait 3 (read) it.
But when he opened the book, he was 4 (astonish) to see that the pages were blank.Inside the book was 5 note that said, “John, your life is before you.Fill these pages 6 kind acts and good thoughts of your heart.Write a great story about your life.” The intention of writing the story of his life excited him.Then, he 7 (begin) to write his book.
Every day we live out our story through our words, actions and decisions.But we must remember to live with intention to focus on what 8 (matter) most in life and to regain that focus when we get changed.Without intention, we can become unfocused in things
9 needn't add to a life of significance and difference in our world.
Life isn't perfect and it's always hard, so we need reminders in our life from a friend, author, blogger, pastor or our inner spirit to refocus us on the things that matter and make us live 10 (positive)．
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。通过讲述John Maxwell收到了一本白页的书并让其写自己的人生的故事，启迪人们：在生活中，我们应该带着专注于生活中最重要事情的意图去生活，并且当我们改变的时候重新获得这种专注。
1．friends friend为可数名词，one of后跟可数名词复数，故本空应用friend的复数形式。
2．named 本空作后置定语，修饰名词book，被修饰词book和动词name之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故本空应用过去分词named作定语。
3．to read couldn't wait to do sth.意为“迫不及待做某事”，故本空应用动词不定式作宾语。
4．astonished 本空在句中作表语，根据句子主语he可知，本空应用形容词astonished，意为“感到惊讶的”。
5．a 空后名词note为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指，故应用不定冠词a。
6．with fill ...with ...意为“用……填满……”，故本空应用介词with。
7．began 根据前后句时态及本句时间状语Then可知，本句陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。
8．matters 根据句意可知，本句陈述客观事实，故应用一般现在时；连接代词what作主语，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故本空应填matters。
9．that/which 本空引导定语从句，修饰名词things，在从句中作主语，指物。故本空应用关系代词that或which。
10．positively 本空修饰动词live，应用副词，故填positively。
PAGE
7Using language
Grammar——过去完成时的被动语态
一、语法图解
二、语法突破
1．定义
过去完成时的被动语态表示动作在过去某时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成，且主语与谓语动词之间存在被动关系。
The room had been cleaned when we came.
我们来的时候房间已经打扫干净了。
2．构成
过去完成时的被动语态构成为：had been done。
3．基本用法
(1)用在told，said，knew，thought等动词后的宾语从句中，表示宾语从句中的动作已被做完。
He said that the books had already been sold out.
他说书已经卖完了。
(2)当before，when，by the time，until等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去时，以及by，before后接过去的时间时，主句的动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。
The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came.
老师来之前教室还没有打扫干净。
(3)在It was the first/second/...time that ...从句中，主语是动作的承受者时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。
It was the first time that I had been criticized in public.
那是我第一次当众挨批。
(4)在虚拟语气中，条件句表示与过去的事实相反，且主语是动作的承受者时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。
If I had been invited earlier, I would have gone with you.
如果我早点被邀请，我就和你一起去了。
完成句子
①They said the production costs had been reduced.
他们说生产成本已经降低了。
②It was the second time that his bike had been stolen.
这是他的自行车第二次被偷了。
1.appropriate adj.恰当的；合适的 v．盗用；挪用；占用；侵吞；拨(专款等)
(教材P17)Use the past perfect passive where appropriate.
在适当的地方使用过去完成时的被动语态。
(1)be appropriate for/to ... 对……适合
It is appropriate for sb.to do sth.＝It is appropriate that sb.(should) do sth.
某人做某事是恰当的
(2)appropriate sth.for sth. 为……拨款
(3)appropriately adv. 恰当地
(经典佳句)Now that the problem has been identified, appropriate action can be taken.
现在既已找出问题的症结，就可以采取适当的行动。
[练透] 一词多义(猜测加彩单词的词性和含义)/单句语法填空
①Five million dollars has been appropriated for research into the disease.v.拨款
②We want an education system that is more appropriate for/to the needs of the students.
③It is not appropriate for pregnant women to drink (drink) green tea.
④Those children aren't appropriately (appropriate) dressed for this cold weather.
[写美] 一句多译
⑤你在公共场合问这些私人问题是不合适的。
→It is not appropriate for you to ask these private questions in public.
→It is not appropriate that you (should) ask these private questions in public.
2．considerate adj.替他人着想的；体贴的
(教材P18)I'd politely remind them it's not permitted, and that they should be considerate of others.
我会礼貌地提醒他们这是不允许的，他们应该为别人着想。
(1)It is considerate of sb.to do ... 某人做……真体贴
(2)consider v. 考虑；认为
consider doing ... 考虑做……
consider sb./sth.as/to be ... 认为某人/物是……
(3)consideration n. 仔细考虑；深思
take sth.into consideration 考虑到；顾及
(经典佳句)The key to true friendship is to be considerate of other people's minor faults.
真正的友谊的关键在于体谅别人的小过失。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①I first considered writing (write) to him, but then decided to go and visit him.
②The first book on agriculture, known as Qi Min Yao Shu, was considered to be (be) an important summary of the knowledge of farming.
③Your teacher will take your recent illness into consideration (consider) when judging your examination results.
[写美] 完成句子
④It was considerate of you to turn off the light while I was sleeping.
你真是太体贴了，在我睡觉的时候帮我关了灯。
3．promote v．促进，增进；促销，推销；提升，晋升
(教材P19)Discuss how to promote values education at your school using the words and expressions in this section.
使用本节中的词汇和表达方式，讨论如何在你的学校促进价值观教育。
(1)promote sb.(from sth.) to sth 把某人(从某职位)提升到某职位
promote sth.to ... 把某物推销给……
be promoted to ... 被提升为……
(2)promotion n. 提升，提拔；晋级；促销活动，推广
(经典佳句)It is the central task of China to promote economic and social development and improve its people's life.
推动经济、社会发展，改善人民生活始终是中国的中心任务。
[练透] 一词多义(猜测加彩单词的词性和含义)/单句语法填空
①The company is promoting its new products on television.v.促销
②They discussed how to promote cooperation between the two countries.v.促进，增进
③Because of his excellent performance, he was soon promoted.v.提升，晋升
④She worked hard and was soon promoted from a saleswoman to a manager.
⑤Her promotion (promote) to sales manager took everyone in the company by surprise.
[写美] 完成句子
⑥He has been promoted to general manager.
他已被提升为总经理。
维度一 基础题型练
1．By the time he got to the school, the first period had been finished (finish)．
2．How many buildings had been destroyed (destroy) when the hurricane ended
3．Five new buildings had been built (build) by the end of last year.
4．The media reported more than 1,000 people had been killed (kill) in the earthquake.
5．If the new safety system had been put (put) to use, the accident would never have happened.
6．He had been trapped (trap) in the forest for five hours by the time the rescue team arrived.
7．It was the third time that the teacher had been asked (ask) the same question by his students.
8．It was the first time that we had been introduced (introduce) at the conference.
9．When Li Ming hurried home, he found that his mother had been sent (send) to hospital.
10．Luckily, the fire had been put (put) out before the firefighters arrived.
维度二 语法与写作
1．The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in.
有人提醒那个男孩，他的作业还没交。
2．He said this book had been translated into over 20 languages.
他说这本书已被翻译成20多种语言。
3．Word came that Li Hua had been admitted to/into Peking University.
消息传来，李华已经被北京大学录取了。
4．Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting began
在会议开始之前新计划被讨论过吗？
5．It was the first time that he had been punished by the teacher.
那是第一次他受到老师的惩罚。
维度三 以语段形式练习语法
When I woke up in the morning, I found the snow had stopped.Looking outside of the window, the snow 1.had been cleaned (clean) by my father.I closed the book that 2.had been borrowed (borrow) from local library and went downstairs for breakfast.Then my little brother came to tell me that all his homework 3.had been finished (finish) so he wanted to go to the nursing home to help the old.He said over 100 elderly people 4.had been helped (help) by the volunteers.
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