Using language
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
In the last few years, “bike sharing” companies like oBike, ofo, and Mobike began flooding (挤满) streets in places like China, Japan, Australia, and Singapore with bikes.But it didn't take long before there were too many companies and too many bikes on the streets.Soon many companies went out of business, leaving behind thousands of unused rental bikes.Many of them were completely new.
Businessman Mike Than Tun Win realized that though these bikes didn't have any value where they were, they could do a lot of good for schoolchildren in Myanmar.Some children in Myanmar travel an hour or more on foot every day to get to school.Soon, Mr Than Tun Win had raised around ＄400,000 for the LessWalk project.About half of the money was his own, and the other half was given by companies.
The LessWalk project bought thousands of new rental bikes from failed companies and shipped them to Myanmar.Once in Myanmar, the bikes are changed to make them more useful for students.The rental bikes used to require a smartphone app to unlock them.LessWalk changed this for a lock with a key.They also added a second place to sit at the back of the bikes, allowing two children to ride to school on one bike.Recently they've added another change — they're using special tires that don't go flat to take the place of the bike's regular tires.With all the changes, Mr Than says each bike costs LessWalk about ＄35.
Giving out the bikes takes a little longer, since LessWalk wants to make sure that the bikes go to the students who need them the most.The project is working with Myanmar's government and schools to focus on poor students who walk close to two hours a day to school.
Though LessWalk only began in March, the project has already brought around 22,500 bikes into Myanmar and has given out over 1,000 bikes.Mr Than Tun Win hopes to bring in as many as 100,000 bikes and expand the program to Laos and Cambodia.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Mike Than Tun Win购买如今被闲置的共享单车，改造后交给缅甸需要步行很久去上学的学生。
1．What is the function of the first paragraph in the passage
A．To attract readers' attention to “bike sharing” companies.
B．To introduce a new topic for discussion.
C．To use some examples to support the topic.
D．To provide background information on the topic.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第一段可知，在过去的几年里，在中国、日本、澳大利亚和新加坡等地，像oBike、ofo和摩拜这样的“共享单车”公司的自行车淹没街道。但没过多久，街上就出现了太多的公司和太多的自行车。很快，许多公司都倒闭了，留下了数千辆闲置的租赁自行车。其中很多都是全新的。因此可以推断出，第一段是为后文讲述Mike Than Tun Win购买被闲置的共享单车提供背景信息。
2．Why did Mike Than Tun Win set up the LessWalk project
A．To make money.
B．To help the needy.
C．To grow his business.
D．To spread his green travel idea.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第三段中The LessWalk project bought thousands of new rental bikes from failed companies and shipped them to Myanmar.Once in Myanmar, the bikes are changed to make them more useful for students.可推知，Mike Than Tun Win建立LessWalk项目是为了帮助有需要的人，故选B项。
3．What can we learn about the bikes that the LessWalk project offers
A．They are all old shared bikes.
B．They allow two people to ride on one bike.
C．They only allow an hour of use a day.
D．They require a smartphone app to unlock them.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段中They also added a second place to sit at the back of the bikes, allowing two children to ride to school on one bike.可知，LessWalk项目提供的自行车可以载两个人，故选B项。
4．Why does giving out the bikes take a little longer
A．There aren't enough bikes for the locals.
B．The locals show little interest in bikes.
C．The project has to pick out its users carefully.
D．The project hasn't yet received the local government's support.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，分发自行车需要更长的时间，因为LessWalk想要确保自行车去到那些最需要它们的学生手里。该项目正与缅甸政府和学校合作，重点关注那些每天步行近两个小时上学的贫困学生。故选C项。
B
I have a special place in my heart for libraries.I have for as long as I can remember.I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child.Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old.It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life.I had several children and books were our main source (来源) of entertainment.It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it! It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books.
Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love it that the excitement of going to the library lives on from generation to generation.
As a novelist, I've found a new relationship with libraries.I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book.I see libraries as a safe haven (避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book.Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy (盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can.Encourage readers to use the library.Share library announcements on your social media.Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者对图书馆的热爱。
5．Which word best describes the author's relationship with books as a child
A．Cooperative. B．Uneasy.
C．Inseparable. D．Casual.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child ... stories were like air to me ...可推知，小时候，作者与书形影不离。故选C。
6．What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．Pleasure from working in the library.
B．Joy of reading passed on in the family.
C．Wonderment from acting out the stories.
D．A closer bond developed with the readers.
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据画线词组前的As I grew older ... the library took on a new place ...及下文的I had several children ... to read to them.可知，随着年龄的增长，作者成为母亲，图书馆在她心里有了新的“地位”，书成了她和孩子们娱乐的主要来源。由此可推测，原本作者自己从读书中获得的乐趣传递到了她的家庭中。故“an added meaning”应是指“在作者家中传递的读书的乐趣”。故选B。
7．What does the author call on other writers to do
A．Sponsor book fairs.
B．Write for social media.
C．Support libraries.
D．Purchase her novels.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can.可知，作者呼吁其他作者支持图书馆。故选C。
8．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．Reading：A Source of Knowledge
B．My Idea about Writing
C．Library：A Haven for the Young
D．My Love of the Library
解析：选D 标题归纳题。阅读全文可知，library是本文的线索，作者描述了她从孩童到为人母，以及作为小说家对图书馆的热爱。故D项符合题意。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Our family moved to Colorado on my third birthday. 1 my dad, a truck driver, was always delivering goods outside, Mom was almost like a single mother and most of the time I was 2 .
My first memory of the new life was our 3 ， Arlene, handing me strawberries from her garden.Then one day, Mom asked Arlene to watch me while she was out.This
4 well for everyone, so it became a 5 occurrence.Every morning I would 6 to chat with her, and even my dog would 7 out of our yard to visit her.
What 8 me to Arlene is that she never got tired of me.I think Arlene saw a lot of herself in me — we were both lonely, desperate for 9 .It was a wonderful 10 .
When I was five, an idea suddenly 11 me: “What if I 12 Arlene as my grandma？” Almost immediately I went to ask Arlene, “Will you be my grandma？” Surprisingly, she started crying and enthusiastically accepted.Soon she printed out an adoption certificate, which 13 on her living room's wall afterwards.
I remember being surprised that she took my offer so 14 .Recalling that moment still brings tears to my eyes.There is something truly magnificent about a child offering love and an adult accepting it.Everyone in this world 15 enthusiastic love.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者小时候搬家到一个新地方，父母由于忙碌没时间照顾作者。一次偶然的机会，作者和邻居Arlene认识了，并且后来一直互相陪伴，最后作者认Arlene作了奶奶。
1．A.Unless B．Though
C．Since D．Before
解析：选C 根据空后内容可知，爸爸是一名卡车司机，总是忙着在外工作，妈妈就像单身母亲一样。由此可知，两个分句之间为因果关系，此处表示原因，应用Since。
2．A.alone B．awkward
C．afraid D．troublesome
解析：选A 参见上题解析。作者的父母都很忙，因此没时间照顾作者，所以作者很孤独(alone)。
3．A.agent B．assistant
C．relative D．neighbor
解析：选D 根据下文Then one day, Mom asked Arlene to watch me while she was out.和Every morning I would 6 to chat with her, and even my dog would 7 out of our yard to visit her.可知，某一天妈妈要出去，就让Arlene帮忙看着作者，后来的每天早上作者都会跟她聊天，甚至作者的狗也会从院子里跑去看她，结合选项，只有D项(邻居)才可以与新来的作者一家有如此频繁的交往。
4．A.qualified B．compensated
C．worked D．matched
解析：选C 根据下文中I think Arlene saw a lot of herself in me — we were both lonely, desperate for 9 .It was a wonderful 10 .可知，邻居Arlene和作者两个人都很孤单，渴望陪伴，这就是一个很好的连接点。所以这样妈妈可放心离家，作者和邻居可以互相陪伴，这样对每一个人都很好，结合选项可知，work (奏效，产生预期的作用)符合题意。
5．A.fundamental B．daily
C．temporary D．permanent
解析：选B 根据下文中的Every morning I would 6 to chat with her可知，每天早晨作者都会去和她聊天，妈妈请邻居Arlene帮忙看着作者这件事后来就成了一个日常事情(daily occurrence)。
6．A.wander over B．break up
C．turn over D．pull up
解析：选A 参见上题解析。妈妈离家时会让邻居Arlene帮忙照看作者，而且这也成为一个日常事情，所以对于作者来说，后来的每一天都会闲逛(wander over)到她家跟她聊天。
7．A.withdraw B．fall
C．slide D．drop
解析：选C 根据上下文情节并结合选项可知，此处用固定搭配slide out of “悄悄溜出”符合语境。
8．A.exposed B．drew
C．affected D．introduced
解析：选B 根据后半句she never got tired of me可知，她从来都不会厌烦作者，这是她吸引(drew)作者的地方。
9．A.pity B．company
C．happiness D．support
解析：选B 根据空前we were both lonely可知，作者和Arlene都很孤独，所以渴望陪伴 (company)。
10．A.connection B．motivation
C．dimension D．distinction
解析：选A 根据前文内容可知，作者和Arlene都感到孤独，渴望陪伴，所以他们之间的相处是一种很棒的关系(connection)。
11．A.confused B．troubled
C．moved D．struck
解析：选D 根据下文What if I 12 Arlene as my grandma？可知，在作者五岁时，突然有一个想法，那就是让Arlene做作者的奶奶。所以这里是指“我突然有了一个想法”。
12．A.adopted B．admired
C．dismissed D．selected
解析：选A 根据下文she started crying and enthusiastically accepted.Soon she printed out an adoption certificate可知，作者把这个想法说给她时，她很激动，并且很快打印了一份收养证明，所以这里是作者想收养 (adopted) Arlene，这符合一个五岁小孩的思维。
13．A.lay B．stood
C．hung D．carved
解析：选C 根据空前的an adoption certificate以及空后的on her living room's wall可知，此处应该是把收养证明挂在 (hung) 墙上。
14．A.casually B．subjectively
C．patiently D．seriously
解析：选D 根据前文她把收养证明打印出来挂在墙上可知，她对收养作者这件事很严肃，让作者感到惊讶。
15．A.deserves B．involves
C．ignores D．undertakes
解析：选A 根据上文There is something truly magnificent about a child offering love and an adult accepting it.可知，一个小孩子奉献他的爱，一个成年人接受了他的爱，所以世界上每一个人都值得(deserves) 热烈的爱。
Ⅲ.语法填空
A college student who shows great courage in fighting severe kidney (肾脏) disease while following his dreams in scientific 1 (invent) has inspired many people.
Zou Yongsong, 27, is a student at Changsha University of Science & Technology in Changsha, Hunan Province.At 2 age of four, Zou caught a high fever, and poor medical treatment in the village left his kidneys 3 (serious) damaged.Since then he has suffered kidney problems and has had to take medicine daily 4 (fight) the disease.
Though he suffered the pain 5 (bring) by the disease, he didn't give up attending school.After years of hard work, Zou 6 (admit) to Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology.In 2017 his condition became 7 (bad) and he had to receive dialysis(透析)treatment. 8 ， the physical suffering did not stop him 9 (dream) of a career in science.Even during his stay in hospital, he insisted 10 working on patent (专利权) applications.Over the last two years, six of his patents and copyrights have been approved.
Because he shows courage and optimism when facing difficulty and misfortune, Zou was awarded the Touching Hunan award in November.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了罹患严重肾病，但是仍然坚持学习、科研的坚强大学生邹勇松的故事。
1．invention 根据空前形容词scientific可知，本空应用名词invention。
2．the at the age of意为“在……岁时”，故本空应用定冠词the。
3．seriously 本空修饰动词damaged应使用副词seriously。
4．to fight 根据句意可知，本空应用动词不定式作目的状语。
5．brought 本空在句中作定语修饰名词pain，且名词pain和动词bring之间逻辑上是动宾关系，故本空应用过去分词brought作后置定语。
6．was admitted 根据句意可知，本句动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时；且句子主语Zou与动词admit之间是被动关系，故本空应用一般过去时的被动语态。
7．worse 根据句意可知，此处表示“他的情况变得更差”，含有比较的意思，故应用形容词比较级worse。
8．However 根据空前后句句意可知，本空前后句是转折关系，故本空应用However。
9．dreaming stop sb.(from) doing sth.意为“阻止某人做某事”，故本空应用动名词dreaming。
10．on insist on意为“坚持”，故本空应用介词on。
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A鱼
定义表示过去某个时刻正在进行或者发生的被动动作
主语+was/were+ being+及物动词的
肯定句九过去分词(+by+动作的执行者)
主语+was/were+not+ being+及物动
去进行时的被动语态
否定句词的过去分词(+by+动作的执行者)
构成
般1Was/Were+主语+ being+及物动词
疑问句的过去分词(+by+动作的执行者)
特殊疑间词
+was/ were+
主语
+being+
及物
疑间句动词的过去分词(+by+动作的执行者)
过去进行时的被动语态强调的是在过去的某
个时间点正在进行的被动动作
基本用法过去进行时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动
语态的区别Using language
Grammar——过去进行时的被动语态
一、语法图解
二、语法突破
1．定义
过去完成时的被动语态表示过去某个时刻正在进行或者发生的被动动作。谓语动词的主语是动作的承受者而不是发出者。
The goods were being uploaded when we arrived at the airport.
当我们到达机场时，货物正在被装载。
2．构成
(1)肯定句：主语＋was/were＋being＋及物动词的过去分词(＋by＋动作的执行者)
Another bridge was being built over the Changjiang River then.
那时长江上正在建造另一座大桥。
(2)否定句：主语＋was/were＋not＋being＋及物动词的过去分词(＋by＋动作的执行者)
The TV set was not being fixed by him this time yesterday.
昨天这个时候他没有修理电视机。
(3)一般疑问句：Was/Were＋主语＋being＋及物动词的过去分词(＋by＋动作的执行者)
Was a new library being put up in their school just then
他们学校当时正在建一座新图书馆吗？
(4)特殊疑问句：疑问词＋was/were＋主语＋being＋及物动词的过去分词(＋by＋动作的执行者)
What was being done to the machine then
那时正在对这台机器采取什么措施？
根据要求进行句型转换
①The boy's father was scolding him when his mother came back.
→The boy was being scolded by his father when his mother came back.(改为被动语态)
②His car was being repaired when I came in.
→His car was not being repaired when I came in.(改为否定句)
③The man was being questioned by the policeman at that time.
→ Who was being questioned by the policeman at that time (对The man进行提问)
3．基本用法
(1)过去进行时的被动语态强调的是在过去的某个时间点正在进行的被动动作。常与过去进行时被动语态连用的时间状语有：then，at this time yesterday，at that moment，yesterday afternoon，in 1998及when，the moment等时间状语或引导的时间状语从句。
Trees were being planted by them at this time yesterday.
昨天这个时候他们正在植树。
The president was being interviewed by the presenter the moment I entered the office.
当我走进办公室的那一刻，总统正在接受主持人的采访。
(2)过去进行时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：过去进行时的被动语态强调动作发生的过程，一般过去时的被动语态强调动作的结果。
Several patients were being treated in the local hospital then.(表示被动进行的动作)
当时有几个病人正在当地医院接受治疗。
Several patients were treated in the local hospital then.(表示过去发生的动作)
当时有几个病人在当地医院接受治疗。
emphasise v．强调
(教材P29)Which sentence emphasises process and which emphasises result
哪些句子强调过程，哪些强调结果？
(1)emphasise the importance of 强调……的重要性
(2)emphasis n. 强调；重视；重要性
put/lay/place emphasis on sth. 强调/重视某事
(经典佳句)We cannot emphasise the importance of safety too much.
我们再怎么强调安全的重要性也不为过。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Material advance and spiritual enrichment should be emphasised (emphasise) equally.
②The government should lay special emphasis on
environmental protection.
[写美] 完成句子
③Teachers should emphasise the importance of protecting children's eyesight.
教师应强调保护儿童视力的重要性。
维度一 基础题型练
1．I didn't enter the bookstore when passing by it, for it was being decorated (decorate) then.
2．The house which was destroyed (destroy) in last week's storm belongs to the couple.
3．The manager was being interviewed (interview) by a reporter so I didn't come in.
4．The new TV sets were being promoted (promote) in the shopping center at that time.That was why so many people were gathering there.
5．All eyes were on the television monitor where a horse race was being broadcast (broadcast)．
6．He didn't turn up at the meeting as scheduled because he was delivering (deliver) a seriously injured man to the hospital.
7．The workers were not here then.The workers were being trained (train) in the training center.
8．A new building is being built (build) at the other side of the street.Work started last year and is expected to be finished next year.
9．When we went into the chemistry lab, an experiment was being conducted (conduct) by our tutor.
10．The temple was being rebuilt (rebuild) at that time so we couldn't visit it.
维度二 语法与写作
1．When we came into the factory, our water pump was being repaired by an old worker.
当我们进入工厂时，我们的水泵正在由一个老工人修理。
2．Suddenly, I found that I was being followed by a stranger.
突然，我发现我正被一个陌生人尾随。
3．He was being interviewed by our headmaster at that time.
那时他正在接受我们校长的采访。
4．The house was being painted when we arrived at his home.
我们到他家时，房子正在粉刷。
5．In fact, the students were being punished by their teacher at that time.
事实上，那时这些学生正在接受老师的惩罚。
维度三 以语段形式练习语法
I heard that the school where I once studied would be rebuilt, so I went there quickly.When I got there, the gate of the school 1.was being pulled (pull) down.I was heartbroken.The big tree in the garden 2.was being cut (cut) down by some workers.The teaching building 3.was being destroyed (destroy) by forklifts(铲车)．Bricks 4.were being cleaned (clean) up and garbage 5.was being carried (carry) away by trucks.
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