(共75张PPT)
素养目标
单元知识抢先知
文化意识
必记单词
(主题语境:人与社会——打破边界)
学习优秀人物面对边
界限制时所做出的努力、斗 boundary
statistic
重点短语
争和突破,学习他们创新的
assist
tackle take any chances
思维方式和坚定的勇气,努
vital
relleve
力打破边界,创造一个更加
put… at risk
公平、和谐的世界。
specialist infectious
be involved in
思维品质
clinIc
disinfect
give up
思考产生边界问题的
outbreak
devotion
against all odds
原因、打破边界的重要意义twin
ward
makeafu recovery
经典句型
以及打破边界的方法,最终
compensate collaborate
创造一个更加和谐、美好的
not to mention
mankind
realistic
“be+一段时间+
世界。
step into sb.s shoes
核心语法
学习能力
minority
cast
sInce
句型
in memory of
基于单元提供的多模
joint
harmonious
2动词不定式短语作
态语篇,综合运用各种语言 mutual
rewarding
at a great cost
it作形式主语
表
技能,读懂与打破边界相关 mount
civil Set down
的语篇内容,恰当运用所学
division step by step
3.as引导的状语从句
civilian
词汇和表达描述与边界相关
话题写作
liberty
dedicate bring forth
4.动词不定式短语作
的问题。
altogether
nobly be engaged in
定
写一篇演讲稿
语言能力匚> influential communist in vain
5wha引导宾语从句
单元话
题导入
A鱼Starting out & Understanding ideas
Some Facts You Need to Know about Ebola (埃博拉)
◇What is Ebola
Ebola is a virus caused haemorrhagic fever (出血热) that spreads through contact with bodily fluids (体液)．The virus was first identified and named after a river in the DRC (刚果金) — then known as Zaire — that was near the location of the first known outbreak in 1976.
◇The symptoms the infected usually have
High fever, weakness, muscle pain, a headache and a sore throat are often followed by vomiting and diarrhoea (腹泻), kidney and liver failure, internal and external bleeding.
◇How dangerous is Ebola
The virus is highly infectious, making it difficult to contain especially in urban environments.The average death rate from Ebola is around 50 percent, according to the World Health Organization (WHO)．The worst Ebola outbreak started in December 2013 in southern Guinea and spread to neighboring West African countries Liberia and Sierra Leone, claiming the lives of over 11,300 people from the 29,000 registered cases (病例)．
◇Treatment and control
At present there is no licensed (得到正式许可的) drug to prevent or treat Ebola although a range of experimental drugs are in development.To contain the spread of the virus, patients and people who have contacted them are routinely isolated (隔离的)．
[理解] Read the passage and answer the following questions.1．When did Ebola first break out In 1976.2．List the symptoms of the infected patients.High fever, weakness, muscle pain, a headache, a sore throat, vomiting, diarrhoea, kidney and liver failure, internal and external bleeding.3．Why is Ebola a dangerous disease Because it is highly infectious and the average death rate from Ebola is high.Besides, there is no licensed drug to prevent or treat Ebola. [积累] 1．virus n． 病毒2．identify v. 发现；确认；鉴定3．be named after 以……命名4．outbreak n. 爆发，突然发生5．claim v. (灾难、事故等)夺走，夺去(生命)6．contain v. 控制，防止……蔓延(或恶化)
Section ⅠStarting out & Understanding ideas
MY 100 DAYS WITH MSF
22 March 2015
Today we celebrate.[1]It's exactly one month since the last reported case①. [2]But it is vital② not to take any chances③. So, 20 health care workers from almost as many countries, comrades④ in arms, raise virtual⑤ glasses to each other.
[1]本句为“It is＋时间段＋since从句”句型，意为“自从某事发生以来已经多长时间了”，since引导时间状语从句。
[2]本句中it作形式主语，动词不定式短语not to take any chances作真正的主语。
I arrived in Liberia with MSF almost three months ago.[3]When I saw the tragic⑥ scenes⑦ on the news, I felt it was my duty as a doctor to go there and offer my help. I knew I was putting my life at risk⑧， but I thought, “If I don't do it, who will？” [4]It is important to remember that Ebola⑨ doesn't respect national boundaries⑩. There are no borders for doctors, for patients or for anyone else [5]involved in combating this terrible disease.
[3]When引导时间状语从句；it was my duty as a doctor to go there and offer my help为宾语从句，其中it作形式主语，动词不定式短语to go there and offer my help作真正的主语。
[4]It作形式主语，动词不定式短语to remember ...作真正的主语；that引导宾语从句。
[5]过去分词短语involved in combating this terrible disease作后置定语，修饰anyone else。
My mission was [6]to relieve Emma, a Canadian specialist in infectious diseases at the end of her posting . Emma spent an hour with me in the staff room talking me through the daily routine .[7]As she talked, I could hear at least three different languages being spoken at the tables around us.Later, Emma introduced me to some of the others working for or alongside MSF：Wilton, a young local man, [8]who helped carry the very sick into the treatment clinic and who disinfected clothing and surfaces; Maisy, a retired public health official from Darwin, Australia, [9]whose local team of volunteers educated people on preventing infection; Alfonso, a soft spoken Argentinian doctor in his 50s, [10]who had previously worked on Ebola outbreaks in Sierra Leone and Guinea.The list went on.I found that I was the only Chinese doctor among people of all ages, colours and beliefs, from every continent except Antarctica.With each person [11]I met, I felt a growing sense of pride as part of this extraordinary team, [12]whose devotion to the cause shone from their eyes.
[6]动词不定式短语to relieve Emma在句中作表语；名词短语a Canadian specialist in infectious diseases at the end of her posting作名词Emma的同位语。
[7]As引导时间状语从句。
[8]and连接两个由who引导的非限制性定语从句，均修饰名词Wilton。
①case n．病例；病案
②vital adj.极其重要的
③take any chances 抓住任何机会；心存侥幸
④comrade n．同志；朋友
⑤virtual adj.虚拟的
⑥tragic adj.悲惨的，不幸的
⑦scene n．场面；情景
⑧put ...at risk 把……置于危险之中
⑨Ebola n．埃博拉病毒
⑩boundary n．分界线；边界
national boundary国界
border n．边界；国界
be involved in 参与；被卷入
combat v．防止，抑制
mission n．使命，任务
relieve v．给(某人)换班
specialist n．专家
infectious adj.传染性的
posting n．派驻；外派
staff n．全体职工(或雇员)
daily routine 日常事务
alongside prep.与……一起
clinic n．诊所；门诊部
disinfect v．为……消毒，给……杀菌
previously adv.以前，先前
outbreak n．爆发，突然发生
devotion n．奉献
[9]whose引导非限制性定语从句，修饰名词Maisy。
[10]who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰名词Alfonso。
[11]I met为定语从句，修饰each person。
[12]whose引导非限制性定语从句，修饰this extraordinary team。
In the few weeks since then, I have come to know these people very well.We have worked together, [13]surrounded by blood, vomit and death.But, although the death rate is very high, we will never give up on a patient, and our efforts do sometimes end in miracles.
[13]过去分词短语surrounded by blood, vomit and death作状语。
Just after my arrival, a family of six were brought here in the back of a van.All of them were infected.The twin girls and their parents soon died.We knew there was little hope for the brothers but we did everything [14]we could to save them.When we visited the ward the next morning, we were amazed to see that against all odds， both boys were still alive.Pascal and Daniel have since made a full recovery.This small but unexpected success compensated for many other less fortunate cases.
[14]we could为定语从句，修饰不定代词everything；动词不定式短语to save them作目的状语。
[15]To be caught up in such a crisis creates powerful bonds between people, not only between carers and patients, but also between all those [16]who have come from different parts of the world and joined together in a common cause.[17]It is so inspiring to have colleagues like Wilton, Maisy, and Alfonso, not to mention all the others I have worked with.
[15]动词不定式短语作主语。
[16]who引导定语从句，修饰代词those。
[17]It作形式主语；动词不定式短语to have colleagues like Wilton, Maisy, Alfonso作真正的主语；I have worked with为定语从句，修饰the others。
Now my time is almost up.In a few days, someone else will arrive to step into my shoes， and the tireless work that the MSF members do in more than 70 countries and regions around the world will go on.In a world [18]still facing so many problems, it is absolutely essential for us all to collaborate to create a global community with a shared future of peace and prosperity.
[18]现在分词短语作定语，修饰名词world。
vomit n．呕吐物
death rate死亡率
give up放弃
miracle n．意外的幸运事；奇迹
van n．小型货车
twin adj.双胞胎的
ward n．病房
against all odds尽管困难重重
make a full recovery 痊愈，完全康复
unexpected adj.出乎意料的，始料不及的
compensate v．弥补，补偿
be caught up in牵扯进，卷入
crisis n．危机
not to mention 不用说；更不必说
step into sb.'s shoes 接替某人的工作(位置)
collaborate v．合作，协作
prosperity n．兴旺，繁荣，昌盛
[参考译文]
与无国界医生奋战100天
2015年3月22日
我们今天庆祝了一番，因为距离发现上一个报告病例已经整整一个月了。但重要的是我们不能心存侥幸。所以，我们这20位来自世界各地的医护人员，也是战友们，假装举杯，互相庆祝。
大约三个月前，我随无国界医生一起来到利比里亚。当我从新闻上看到一幅幅凄惨的画面时，我觉得作为医生我有责任到那里去帮忙。我知道这样做是在冒生命危险，但是我想：“假如我不去做，又有谁会去呢？”重要的是要记住，埃博拉病毒传播起来是不分国界的。医生、病人或者任何被迫与这种可怕的疾病抗衡的人都是不分国界的。
我的任务是接替埃玛，她是一位加拿大传染病专家，任期届满。我和埃玛在办公室用了一个小时交接日常工作。她说话的时候，我可以听到隔壁桌传过来的谈话声，至少混着三种不同的语言。接着，埃玛向我介绍了几个人，他们都是无国界医生的工作人员，或者同该组织一起工作的人：威尔顿是一位当地的年轻人，他帮忙把重症患者带进治疗所，负责衣物及皮肤表面消毒；迈西来自澳大利亚的达尔文市，是一名退休的公共卫生官员，他带领当地的志愿者团队给人们进行预防传染培训；阿方索是一位五十来岁的阿根廷医生，说起话来温声细语，曾参与抗击前几次塞拉利昂和几内亚爆发的埃博拉病毒。埃玛还介绍了其他人。这些人来自除南极洲外的世界各地，各种年龄、肤色、信仰都有，而我发现自己是其中唯一一位中国医生。能够和在这里遇到的人一起成为这个杰出小组的一员，我心中的自豪感油然而生，大家的双眼中都熠熠闪耀着奉献精神的光芒。
接下来的几个礼拜里，我已经开始和大家熟稔起来。我们一起工作，周围充斥着血液、呕吐物和死亡。不过，虽然死亡率极高，但是我们永远不会放弃任何一个患者，何况我们的努力有时真的会产生奇迹。
就在我刚刚来到这儿的时候，有一家六口躺在小货车的车斗里被运了过来。他们全都被感染了。不久，其中一对双胞胎姐妹和她们的父母就去世了。我们知道，剩下的兄弟俩也希望渺茫，但是我们竭尽所能去救治他们。第二天早上，我们去病房探望时惊讶地发现，虽然历经千险，两个男孩仍然活了下来。此后，帕斯卡尔和丹尼尔的病痊愈了。相对其他没有那么幸运的病例来说，这次小小的却出乎意料的成功是一种弥补。
患难与共的经历在人与人之间建立了紧密的纽带，不仅仅在于医护人员与患者之间，还在于所有来自世界各地、因为共同事业聚在一起的人们之间。有威尔顿、迈西和阿方索这样的同事已令我倍感鼓舞，更别提其他所有和我们一起共事的人了。
如今我的任期也快结束了。几天后，另一个人就会到达这里，接替我的工作。而无国界医生的成员们将在全世界超过70个国家与地区继续不知疲倦地工作着。这个世界仍然面临着许多问题，我们所有人都必须团结合作，打造一个共享和平繁荣未来的“地球村”。
Step One：Pre reading
What do you know about MSF (Médecins Sans Frontières) Discuss in pairs and place a tick in the box if you have known the fact.
□It was founded on 20 December 1971 in Paris.
□It is an international organization composed of medical professionals from various countries.
□It provides humanitarian medical aid in nearly 60 countries.
□It handles emergencies caused by war, infectious disease and natural disasters.
□ In 1999, it received the Nobel Peace Prize.
(Answers may vary.)
Step Two：While reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
The text mainly tells us a Chinese doctor's experience while working with medical staff from MSF in combating Ebola in Liberia.
Ⅱ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1．Why did so many doctors get together in Liberia
A．Because there was an important international conference in Liberia.
B．Because they wanted to take chances to work in Liberia.
C．Because there was a terrible disease in Liberia.
D．Because there are no borders for doctors, or for patients.
2．What do all the doctors have in common working in Liberia
A．They are all volunteers.
B．They are all preventing inflection.
C．They are all public health officials.
D．They are all specialists from other countries.
3．What can we know about Alfonso from the text
A．He has retired for at least 5 years.
B．He once worked in Africa.
C．He feels proud of his staff.
D．He was a bit frightened by the rate of death.
4．What can we learn from the fifth paragraph
A．The author had been there for several months.
B．The members in one family are in danger.
C．The parents were too old to recover.
D．The success was a less fortunate case.
答案：1～4 CABB
Step Three：Post reading
阅读课文内容， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I arrived in Liberia with MSF almost three months ago.I felt 1.it was my duty as a doctor to go there and offer my help.
My mission was to relieve Emma, a Canadian specialist in 2.infectious (infect) diseases at the end of her posting.Emma spent an hour with me 3.talking (talk) me through the daily routine.Later, Emma introduced me 4.to some of the others working for or alongside MSF.I found that I was the only Chinese doctor among people of all 5.ages (age), colours and beliefs, from every continent except Antarctica.
In the few weeks since then, I 6.have come (come) to know these people very well.Although the death rate is very high, we will never give up on a patient, and our efforts do sometimes end in miracles.
Just after my arrival, a family of six were brought here, all of 7.whom were infected.The twin girls and their parents soon died.We knew there 8.was (be) little hope for the brothers but we did everything we could to save them.When we visited the ward the next morning, we were amazed 9.to see (see) that against all odds, both boys were still alive.
In a world still facing so many problems, it is 10.absolutely (absolute) essential for us all to collaborate to create a global community with a shared future of peace and prosperity.
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．a children's ward 一间儿童病房
2．tackle this thorny problem 处理这个棘手的问题
3．a specialist in diseases of the nervous system 一位神经系统疾病专家
4．a dental clinic 一家牙科诊所
5．according to official statistics 根据官方的统计数字
6．cross the boundary 越过边界
7．disinfect the wound 给伤口消毒
8．the history of mankind 人类的历史
9．highly infectious 传染性很高
10．play a vital role in our society 在我们的社会中起着极其重要的作用
11．The old scientist is devoted to studying space, and the spirit of devotion deserves learning from.He said he would go on devoting himself to the science field.(devote)
12．Tom is an assistant teacher in the college.He often assists the students with their problems and gives assistance to any student in need.(assist)
13．How relieved we felt when the trouble suddenly disappeared! It was a real relief! (relieve)
1．动词＋ance变名词集锦
①perform→performance
②annoy→annoyance
③assist→assistance
④appear→appearance
2．以ous结尾的形容词
①curious 好奇的 ②obvious 明显的
③ambitious 有抱负的 ④various 多种多样的
⑤generous 慷慨的 ⑥humorous 诙谐的，幽默的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．Some women do manage to achieve business success against all odds (尽管困难重重)．
2．The doctors are confident that he'll make a full recovery (完全康复) in three months.
3．This new medicine is expected to reduce the death rate (死亡率) of the disease.
4．You may put yourself at risk (把你自己置于危险之中)if you don't follow the safety rules.
5．When Bill's father died, he had to step into his father's shoes (接替他父亲的工作)．
6．Once they get an idea into their heads, they never give up (放弃)．
7．She needed to break away from her daily routine (日常事务) and do something exciting.
8．He said he had not enough money for food, not to mention (更不必说) books.
Ⅲ.典型句式
1．[教材原句] It's exactly one month since the last reported case.
[句式分析] “It be＋一段时间＋since ...”句型
[佳句仿写] It is three years since the two brothers parted.
兄弟俩分开已经三年了。
2．[教材原句] My mission was to relieve Emma, a Canadian specialist in infectious diseases at the end of her posting.
[句式分析] 动词不定式短语作表语
[佳句仿写] The main purpose of our campaign is to raise money.
我们这次活动的主要目的就是募款。
3．[教材原句] As she talked, I could hear at least three different languages being spoken at the tables around us.
[句式分析] as引导时间状语从句
[佳句仿写] As he listened to the music, his eyes were filled with tears.
他听着音乐时，眼睛里浸满了泪水。
1．assist v．协助，帮助
(教材P38)It assists people based on need, regardless of which country they are from.
它根据需要帮助人们，不管他们来自哪个国家。
(1)assist sb.with sth. 帮助某人某事
assist sb.to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb.in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事
(2)assistance n. 帮助，援助
come to one's assistance 援助某人
(3)assistant n. 助手；助理
(经典佳句)To preserve a friend, three things are required：to honour him present, praise him absent, and assist him in his necessities.
维持友谊需要三点：当面尊重他，背后赞扬他，需要时帮助他。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①The nurses assisted the doctor with the preparation of the medicine.
②Bill assisted his friend Mike to establish (establish) a new company.
③China will continue to increase its assistance (assist) to African countries.
④I have such a good command of English that I am elected as the assistant (assist) to my English teacher.
[写美] 一句多译
⑤我认为你应该帮助你妈妈做家务活。
→I think you should assist your mother to do the housework.
→I think you should assist your mother in doing the housework.
2．relieve v．给(某人)换班，接替；解除；减轻(问题的严重性)，缓和(不快或痛苦)；调剂，使有趣
(教材P38)My mission was to relieve Emma, a Canadian specialist in infectious diseases at the end of her posting.
我的任务是接替埃玛，她是一位加拿大传染病专家，任期届满。
(1)relieve sb.of ... 解除某人的(负担、职务等)，将某人从……中解脱出来
(2)relief n. 减轻，缓解；宽慰，轻松
to one's relief＝to the relief of sb. 令某人感到欣慰的是
in relief 如释重负；松了口气
(3)relieved adj. 感到宽慰的，放心的
(经典佳句)At six o'clock the night nurse came in to relieve her.
六点钟的时候夜班护士来接她的班。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①All this was done to relieve women workers of household chores.
②My parents were relieved (relieve) that I was unhurt, but they were angry that I had done such a risky thing.
③Seeing her son return home safely, she smiled in relief.
④To his great relief, the engine of the car came to life at last.
[写美] 完成句子
⑤Your timely help relieved me of the difficult situation.
你及时的帮助使我摆脱了困境。
3．infectious adj.传染性的
(教材P38)My mission was to relieve Emma, a Canadian specialist in infectious diseases at the end of her posting.
我的任务是接替埃玛，她是一位加拿大传染病专家，任期届满。
(1)infect v． 传染；使感染
be infected with 被传染上……；被……感染
(2)infection n. 传染，感染；传染病
(经典佳句)Laughter is one of the most infectious expressions of emotion.
笑是最具感染力的情感表达方式之一。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①These viruses can easily affect children and are highly infectious (infect)．
②If you are bitten by a dog, you may be infected (infect) with a terrible disease — rabies (狂犬病)．
③One theory is that the infection (infect) has been present in humans for a very long time.
[写美] 完成句子
④These young people were infected with the revolutionary enthusiasm.
这些年轻人被革命热情所感染。
4．devotion n．奉献
(教材P39)With each person I met, I felt a growing sense of pride as part of this extraordinary team, whose devotion to the cause shone from their eyes.
能够和在这里遇到的人一起成为这个杰出小组的一员，我心中的自豪感油然而生，大家的双眼中都熠熠闪耀着奉献精神的光芒。
(1)devote v． 致力，献身，倾注
devote ...to ... 把……奉献于/投入到……中(to为介词)
devote oneself to 献身于；致力于；专心投入于
(2)devoted adj. 忠诚的；挚爱的；全心全意的
be devoted to (doing) sth. 献身于；致力于；专心投入于
(经典佳句)Everybody spoke in praise of her devotion to the cause of education.
大家异口同声地称赞她献身教育事业的精神。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Every step forward taken by us contains your selfless effort and devotion (devote)．
②Devoted (devote) to scientific research wholeheartedly, he spends little time with his family.
③You will never gain success unless you are devoted to your work.
④Only when we realize the importance of helping each other can we devote ourselves to building (build) a harmonious society.
[写美] 句型转换
⑤He devoted himself to social welfare and gained people's respect.
→Devoting himself to social welfare, he gained people's respect.(现在分词作状语)
→Devoted to social welfare, he gained people's respect.(过去分词作状语)
5．compensate v．弥补，补偿
(教材P39)This small but unexpected success compensated for many other less fortunate cases.
相对其他没有那么幸运的病例来说，这次小小的却出乎意料的成功是一种弥补。
(1)compensate for 赔偿，补偿
compensate sb.for sth. 因为某事补偿某人
(2)compensation n. 补偿，赔偿；赔偿金，补偿金
(经典佳句)Nothing can compensate for the loss of time.
没有什么能弥补失去的时间。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Luckily, her intelligence compensates for her lack of experience.
②He received a large sum of money as a compensation (compensate) for his loss in the fire.
[写美] 完成句子
③The insurance company will compensate you for your loss in the accident.
保险公司将赔偿你在事故中的损失。
6．collaborate v．合作，协作
(教材P39)In a world still facing so many problems, it is absolutely essential for us all to collaborate to create a global community with a shared future of peace and prosperity.
这个世界仍然面临着许多问题，我们所有人都必须团结合作，打造一个共享和平繁荣未来的“地球村”。
(1)collaborate with sb.on sth. 和某人在某事上合作
collaborate with sb.in doing sth. 和某人合作做某事
(2)collaboration n. 合作，协作
in collaboration with 与……合作
(经典佳句)The marketing department has to collaborate closely with the sales department on this project.
在这个项目上，市场部需要与销售部密切配合协作。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Our college would like to collaborate with yours on this program.
②The two companies are working in close collaboration (collaborate) with each other.
[写美] 完成句子
③She agreed to collaborate with him in writing her biography.
她同意与他合作撰写她的传记。
1．句型公式：“It be＋一段时间＋since ...”句型
(教材P38)It's exactly one month since the last reported case.
距离发现上一个报告病例已经整整一个月了。
(1)“It be＋一段时间＋since ...”句型，意为“自从……已有多长时间了”。主句谓语为is或has been时，since从句用一般过去时；主句谓语为was时，since从句用过去完成时。
(2)since从句中的谓语动词为短暂性动词时，意为“自从某人做某事已有多长时间了”；若从句中的谓语动词用延续性动词时，则意为“自从某人不做某事已有多长时间了”。
(经典佳句)It is many years since he passed away, but he still lives on in our heart.
他已经去世很多年了，但他仍然活在我们心中。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①It's been six years since we last saw (see) each other.
②He said it was ten years since he had graduated (graduate) from this school.
[写美] 完成句子
③It is ten years since he left his hometown.
自从他离开家乡已经有十年了。
2．句型公式：as引导状语从句
(教材P38)As she talked, I could hear at least three different languages being spoken at the tables around us.
她说话的时候，我可以听到隔壁桌传过来的谈话声，至少混着三种不同的语言。
(1)as引导时间状语从句，意为 “随着；一边……一边……；当……时”， 多强调主句和从句中的动作或状态同时发生。
(2)as引导原因状语从句，意为“因为，由于”。
(3)as引导让步状语从句，意为 “虽然，尽管”，从句通常用倒装语序(把从句的表语、状语或动词原形放在as前面，单数可数名词提前时不用冠词)。
(4)as引导方式状语从句，意为“按照，依照”。
(5)as引导比较状语从句，意为“像……一样”，从句常省略与主句相同的部分。
(经典佳句)When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
入乡随俗。
[练透] 一词多义(猜测加彩单词的含义)
①As the story develops, the truth about the mysterious figure is slowly discovered.随着
②As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.因为，由于
③Try as you may, you won't be able to persuade him.虽然，尽管
④You should do as the teacher tells you.按照，依照
⑤I don't speak English so well as an native speaker.像……一样
[写美] 句型转换：将下列句子改为as引导的让步状语从句
⑥Though he is a child, he likes to be treated like an adult.
→Child as he is, he likes to be treated like an adult.
⑦Though he is young, he knows as many as five languages.
→Young as he is, he knows as many as five languages.
维度一 品句填词
1．Mankind (人类) must put an end to war, or war will put an end to us.
2．The doctors said that the man's full recovery was a miracle (奇迹)．
3．The boundary (分界线) of an area of land is an imaginary line that separates it from other areas.
4．These measures have played a vital (极其重要的) role in restoring the economy.
5．When he came to himself, he found himself in a ward (病房)．
6．We'd better consult a specialist (专家) at this critical moment.
7．The clinic (诊所) opened for business last October and since then it has treated more than 200 people.
8．Survivors were given ＄30,000 each to help compensate (补偿) for their losses.
9．You can use boiling water to disinfect baby's bottles and toys.
10．We decide that the best way to tackle the problem is to set up a new school in that area.
维度二 词形转换
1．He is respected by his students for his devotion (devote) to the cause of education.
2．We attach great importance to the close collaboration (collaborate) with your company.
3．Whenever he is in trouble, his best friend always comes to his assistance (assist)．
4．Statistics (statistic) show that far more people are willing to ride a bicycle than to drive a car.
5．An infectious (infect) disease can be passed easily from one person to another, especially through the air they breathe.
6．All students breathed a sigh of relief (relieve) when the teacher finally left.
7．The twins (twin) were separated at birth and brought up in entirely different environments.
8．She really didn't want to be involved (involve) in the whole family thing.
维度三 固定搭配和句式
1．Your behaviour will put yourself at risk (把你自己置于危险之中)．
2．Sue is expected to make a full recovery (痊愈) in a week or so.
3．You'll have to step into my shoes (接替我的工作) when I'm away.
4．It has been ten years since I graduated from university (自从我大学毕业)．
5．As I turned around (当我转身的时候), I accidentally hit the vase on the table.
6．Our main aim is to increase sales in Europe (增加在欧洲的销量)．
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16Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Two British teachers have broken the world record for the longest journey in a tuk tuk after pulling their failing vehicle for 43 miles.Richard Sears and Nick Gough traveled 37,500 kilometers around the world and passed through 37 countries.They did this to support grassroots education project in Africa, Asia and South America.
The pair, who set off from London, thought their expedition was over when the vehicle started to fail.When the tuk tuk broke, they were only 70 kilometers from their destination.They decided to pull it the rest of the way.The tuk tuk, which weighs 800 kilograms, was pulled in turns by Richard and Nick over three days.On arrival in Chepen, Peru, they discovered a mechanic who specialized in tuk tuks and managed to fix it.
The pair were back on the road and aiming for their next goal.Along their journey they had to tackle deserts and jungles.They also survived close encounters with elephants in Uganda and Botswana and an accident in Malaysia.The greatest hardship on the tuk tuk was the mountain ranges lying in their path, including the Alps, the Himalayas and the Andes.
Nick and Richard uncovered some inspirational projects across Africa, Asia and South America.They witnessed firsthand the educational challenges facing these areas today.They joined street children in the slums of Cairo, Khartoum, Kampala, Mumbai and Phnom Penh.They visited Congolese refugees(难民)in camps in Eastern Burundi.They witnessed how education could free sex workers in Delhi and victims of human trafficking in Nepal.
The pair established The Tuk Tuk Educational Trust, a U．K.registered charity.
Talking about their motivation, Richard said：“The world's leaders have made a commitment to achieving universal primary education but, in spite of this pledge (誓言，承诺), over 57 million primary aged children worldwide are still out of school; many more are in school, though still cannot access quality learning opportunities.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了两位英国老师为了支持非洲、亚洲和南美的基层教育项目，历经千辛万苦环游世界的故事。
1．Why did the two teachers travel the world
A．To support an education project.
B．To create a new world record.
C．To entertain themselves.
D．To challenge themselves.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一段中They did this to support grassroots education project in Africa, Asia and South America.可知，这两位老师周游世界是为了支持一个教育项目。故选A项。
2．How far did the two teachers pull the tuk tuk each day on average
A．A little more than 30 kilometers.
B．About 14 miles.
C．43 miles.
D．70 kilometers.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段中after pulling their failing vehicle for 43 miles可知，他们拉小车拉了43英里；根据第二段中The tuk tuk, which weighs 800 kilograms, was pulled in turns by Richard and Nick over three days.可知，这只重达800公斤的小车被里奇和尼克轮流拉了3天。故平均每天大概走14英里。
3．What is the third paragraph mainly about
A．How they realized their next goal.
B．Their exciting experience on the road.
C．The beautiful scenery of famous mountains.
D．The difficulties and dangers they faced in the journey.
解析：选D 段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，在他们的旅途中，他们不得不应对沙漠和丛林。他们在乌干达和博茨瓦纳与大象的亲密接触以及马来西亚的一次事故中幸免于难。图克山上最大的困难是沿途的山脉，包括阿尔卑斯山、喜马拉雅山和安第斯山。由此可知，本段主要讲了他们在旅途中所面临的困难和危险，故选D项。
4．Which of the following best describes the two teachers
A．Curious and brave.
B．Humorous and generous.
C．Courageous and responsible.
D．Efficient and honest.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第一段中They did this to support grassroots education project in Africa, Asia and South America.可知，这两位老师非常有责任感；根据第三段可知，他们在旅途中面临各种困难和危险，但他们还是坚持了下去，因此这两位老师非常勇敢。故选C项。
B
It was a red letter day in the history of medicine —“Target Zero Day”， 8 May 1980, marking the complete removal of smallpox (天花), a terrifying disease.It was untreatable but, luckily, it turned out that vaccination (接种疫苗) provided good protection — and that mass immunization (免疫) could wipe out the smallpox virus by blocking its spread.
According to legend, vaccination was invented by Dr Edward Jenner.Jenner showed that healthy children vaccinated with cowpox, a mild infection of cattle, could not catch smallpox.He was supposedly inspired by a comment from a local milkmaid, but there is evidence that the idea came from a medical friend, John Fewster, who had experimented with cowpox.Nevertheless, Jenner deserves credit for introducing vaccination into the medical mainstream with his paper published in 1798.
In 1966, 160 years after the prediction that vaccination would clean off the disease, the World Health Organization launched its Smallpox Eradication Programme.This heroic 11 year drive was directed by two American public health doctors, DA Henderson and Bill Foege.Their hardships were enormous.One WHO official even promised to eat a tyre if smallpox was removed.Henderson promised to send him the tyre and wished him good appetite.But Henderson and Foege's hard work paid off — three years after the last smallpox case was informed (to make sure no outbreaks had been missed) Target Zero Day was declared.
40 years on, why should we remember Target Zero Day First, to celebrate victory of preventative medicine and freedom from a cruel disease.Then, we must remember the victims of smallpox.It had previously killed 1 in 12 worldwide.In 1914, a Canadian professor warned against forgetting smallpox, which was fast disappearing from North America.It went on to kill at least another 250 million people — three times more than both world wars combined.Target Zero Day also reminds us of undefeated infections, including polio, measles, malaria, and of course the coronavirus COVID 19.Let's recognize Target Zero Day for what it is：a milestone in world history and a monument to the art of the possible.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了天花被根除的艰难历程以及“零目标日”的意义。
5．What inspired Jenner to invent the vaccination
A．A medical friend. B．A local milkmaid.
C．Cattle. D．Children.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中but there is evidence that the idea came from a medical friend, John Fewster, who had experimented with cowpox可知，有证据表明，Jenner发明天花疫苗的灵感来自他的一个医学方面的朋友John Fewster。
6．What is the writer's purpose of mentioning the WHO official's promise
A．To introduce the support from the WHO.
B．To stress the importance of good appetite.
C．To suggest the difficulty in removing smallpox.
D．To show his determination to carry on the drive.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段中Their hardships were enormous.One WHO official even promised to eat a tyre if smallpox was removed.可知，他们的困难是巨大的。一位世卫组织官员甚至承诺，如果天花被根除，他将吃掉一只轮胎。由此可以推断，文章提到这位世卫组织官员的承诺是暗示当时世卫组织认为根除天花几乎是不可能的事情，会有很多困难。故选C项。
7．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．All undefeated infections will be conquered soon.
B．World wars are worse than infections.
C．Canadians benefit from the vaccine most.
D．Smallpox is a terrifying disease.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中It had previously killed 1 in 12 worldwide.及It went on to kill at least another 250 million people — three times more than both world wars combined.可知，天花造成巨大的死亡人数。由此可以推断出天花是一种可怕的疾病。
8．What message does the text convey
A．Every dog has his day.
B．A good beginning is half the battle.
C．A trouble shared is a trouble halved.
D．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
解析：选D 主旨大意题。通读全文，文章讲述了天花被根除的艰难历程。文章最后一句提到Let's recognize Target Zero Day for what it is：a milestone in world history and a monument to the art of the possible.可知，作者认为“零目标日”是可能性艺术的典范。根除天花尽管很艰难，但是，最终人类还是将它变得可能。故本文要传达的是D项(心之所愿，无事不成)。
C
The widespread use of Internet technology has made our lives easier but causes a big challenge to the old, who are not always comfortable with smartphones and so many new apps.
Only a few senior citizens are able to enjoy the benefits that new technologies offer.According to the National Bureau of Statistics, the number of people aged 60 and above was 253.88 million in 2019, about 18.1% of China's population.But only 23% of the senior citizens were able to use the Internet.That means more than three fourths of the elderly are deprived (被剥夺) of the digital benefits.
Many senior citizens who can't use smartphones are facing difficulties during this pandemic (流行病)．Even with a smartphone in hand and Internet available, many of them still feel helpless.They don't know how to call a taxi through the apps.There have been reports of many shops turning away elders who don't know how to pay using smartphones, instead of letting them pay with cash.Worse still, as they don't know how to get the Internet based health code (健康码), they are refused to enter many public places.Presenting individual health code is part of the epidemic prevention (防疫) and control measures.
New technologies become popular because they are often of great use in our daily lives.But many senior citizens, especially those living in the countryside or those whose grown up children don't live with them, are not able to use the Internet or smartphones, either because of financial problems or because they cannot learn new things beyond a certain point.The digital gap between the elderly and the young is becoming more obvious.
However, the senior citizens should not become a silent group deprived of digital benefits.It is our responsibility to help them bridge the digital gap, and be patient with them when they face difficulties catching up.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。互联网科技给我们带来了很多便利，但是老年人很少能享受到。本文对这一现象及原因进行了分析。
9．What do the statistics show in Paragraph 2
A．There are a small number of senior citizens in China.
B．Only 23% of the senior citizens can use the computer.
C．Three fourths of the elders are unwilling to use smartphones.
D．Many elders fail to enjoy the convenience of the digital devices.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段中But only 23% of the senior citizens were able to use the Internet.That means more than three fourths of the elderly are deprived(被剥夺) of the digital benefits.可知，数据显示很多老年人享受不到数码设备带来的便利。故选D项。
10．What does the author try to tell us in Paragraph 3
A．Cash is no longer accepted in most shops.
B．It's a must for everyone to have a health code.
C．Most elders need guidance on how to use the apps.
D．Many shops now refuse to offer service to the elderly.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段中Even with a smartphone in hand and Internet available, many of them still feel helpless.They don't know how to call a taxi through the apps.可知，作者试图告诉我们：许多老年人需要一个指导来教他们如何使用应用程序。故选C项。
11．Which of the followings is NOT the reason why the elderly can't enjoy digital benefits
A．Their living areas.
B．Their financial conditions.
C．Their relationship with children.
D．Their difficulty in learning new things.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第四段中But many senior citizens, especially those living in the countryside ...because they cannot learn new things beyond a certain point.可知，居住环境、财务状况和学习新事物有困难是老年人不能享受数码带来的好处的原因，只有C项(他们和孩子的关系)不是其原因。
12．Which word best describes the author's attitude to the current situation of the elderly
A．Positive. B．Worried.
C．Negative. D．Indifferent.
解析：选A 观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为，老年人不应该成为被剥夺数码便利的沉默群体。我们有责任帮助他们跨越数码代沟，当他们出现问题时，耐心对待他们。由此可推知，作者对如今老年人现在的状况持积极态度。故选A项。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Can a bowl of chicken soup help fight a cold Maybe.But will going outside with wet hair make you sick No. 1 Here are some more.
Feed a cold, starve a fever.Being sick often makes you eat less.But force feeding won't help.What will help is drinking more water and getting enough calories.A 2008 study found that mice having flu took longer to recover and were more likely to suffer ill effects if they were dieting. 2
Vicks VapoRub (薄荷膏) in your socks treats coughs.A widely spread post on line once suggested putting Vicks VapoRub on feet at night and covering them with socks to treat coughs. 3 VapoRub is usually used on a child's chest or throat to reduce cough.So it would not work in your socks.Still, some fans stand by this treatment.
4 Colds and flu are caused by viruses.They do spread during cold weather seasons, but you're more likely to pick them up inside than out.In fact, going outside and getting more physical activities may help prevent sickness.
A wet head can make you sick.You'll probably feel cold if you don't blow your hair dry on a cold day, but not much else will happen. 5 Unless you are so cold that you get a low temperature, which could make you sensitive to flu, wet hair or clothes won't increase your possibility of catching a cold.
A．It became an Internet popularity.
B．Again, colds are caused by a virus.
C．You'll get sick if going out without a coat.
D．That's just an incorrect traditional belief in cold.
E．But you have to actually wear it for the health benefits.
F．Experts suggest adding medicines three times a day to your meal.
G．The researchers' suggestion is to stop dieting until after flu season.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些广为流传但错误的观点，并说明了一些正确的健康知识。
1．选D 根据上文可知，“湿着头发出门会生病”是一种不正确的传统观点。D项(这只是对感冒的一种不正确的传统信仰)承接上文，对上文这个观念进行进一步说明。
2．选G 根据上文A 2008 study found that mice having flu took longer to recover and were more likely to suffer ill effects if they were dieting.可知，流感期间节食会造成不良影响。G项(研究人员的建议是停止节食，直到流感季节过后)承接上文。G项中dieting为原词复现。
3．选A 根据上文A widely spread post on line once suggested putting Vicks VapoRub on feet at night and covering them with socks to treat coughs.可知，网上一个广为流传的帖子曾建议，晚上把薄荷膏敷在脚上，然后用袜子盖住，可以治疗咳嗽。A项(它在互联网上很流行)承接上文，说明“晚上把薄荷膏敷在脚上治疗咳嗽”的做法在网上很流行。
4．选C 根据后文可知，病毒是导致感冒和流感的原因，在室内更容易受病毒影响，而外出锻炼可以预防疾病。故本段是对“外出不穿外套会患病”这种错误观点的说明，故选C项(如果出门不穿外套，你会生病的)。
5．选B 根据后文Unless you are so cold that you get a low temperature, which could make you sensitive to flu, wet hair or clothes won't increase your possibility of catching a cold.可知，本句说明的是真正导致感冒的因素，故B项(再次强调，感冒是由病毒引起的)符合上下文语境。
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