Using language
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
When my friend suggested going to the thrift shop (慈善商店), instantly I thought “I hope no one I know sees me”．It was the same when my cousin commented on my new furniture and Japanese fine bone china bowls and asked where I got them.They were from the local thrift shop but instead I said “from the antique shop”．
Many people in my Greek Cypriot community would look down on me if I said I shopped at the thrift shop.They may pity me, consider me a failure.Immigrants sacrificed their families and homes for a better life.Buying a house and having enough money to live comfortably, to educate children and see them also live comfortably, are a big part of the immigrant dream.But has this dream made us materialistic at the cost of our own planet
Our love for purchasing the latest trendy clothes or furniture, and then donating them when we are tired of them has become normal.I was once like this.But after watching the documentary The True Cost, I learned donated clothes that don't get sold are sent to developing nations, many of them ending up in landfills (垃圾填埋地)．In addition, your new dress requires electricity and materials to make.But if you buy a second hand dress, there's one less dress in a landfill and one less new dress to be made.
A friend introduced me to the thrift shop only a few years ago.My first item was a dress she gifted me.It was lovely and I loved it.Nobody could tell it was second hand.Then I began to purchase more second hand branded clothes of high quality.Once I visited a friend and was impressed by how she decorated her apartment.“It's all second hand，”she said.I couldn't believe it.The truth is that a lot of things sold at the thrift shop are in new or almost new condition.That's when I made the decision to only buy second hand things.
Selling second hand things isn't anything new but what the planet needs is more buyers.There is so much excess (过度的) production in the world.So stop feeling ashamed, and let's get shopping.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者结合自身经历劝说人们多去慈善商店购物。
1．What kind of feelings is expressed in Paragraph 1
A．Pride. B．Embarrassment.
C．Delight. D．Sympathy.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段可知，作者去慈善商店怕被人看见，在慈善商店买的家具却告诉别人是在古董店买的，说明她认为告诉别人自己在慈善商店买东西会感到尴尬。
2．What are many people in the author's community like
A．They are probably materialistic.
B．They care about the environment.
C．They think highly of thrift shopping.
D．They look down upon immigrants.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的Many people ...would look down on me ...pity me, consider me a failure.可知，作者社区的人很可能比较看重物质层面的东西。
3．What was the author encouraged to do after visiting her friend's apartment
A．Watch the documentary The True Cost.
B．Donate more to local charities.
C．Avoid shopping too much.
D．Stop buying new things.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Once I visited a friend ...“It's all second hand，”she said ...That's when I made the decision to only buy second hand things.可知，作者拜访朋友时，觉得她的公寓布置得非常不错，但朋友告诉她自己家的东西都是慈善商店买来的，这让作者下定决心以后只买二手的东西。
4．What's the purpose of the text
A．To entertain. B．To advertise.
C．To persuade. D．To describe.
解析：选C 写作意图题。根据最后一段可知，作者之所以写此文，是想告诉读者在慈善商店购物的益处，劝说大家也这样做。
B
Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours (绕行路) in life than by the narrow road toward goals.I like this image.But it was quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words.
For years we made the long drive from our home in Seattle to my parents' home in Boise in nine hours.We traveled the way most people do：the fastest, shortest, easiest road, especially when I was alone with four noisy, restless kids who hate confinement (限制) and have strong opinions about everything.
Road trips felt risky, so I would drive fast, stopping only when I had to.We would stick to the freeways and arrive tired.
But then Banner, our lamb was born.He was rejected by his mama days before our planned trip to Boise.I had two choices：leave Banner with my husband, or take him with me.My husband made the decision for me.
That is how I found myself on the road with four kids, a baby lamb and nothing but my everlasting optimism to see me through.We took the country roads out of necessity.We had to stop every hour, let Banner shake his legs and feed him.The kids chased him and one another.They got back in the car breathless and energized.
We explored side roads, catching grasshoppers in waist high grass.Even if we simply looked out of the car windows at baby pigs following their mother, or fish leaping out of the water, it was better than the best ride down the freeway.Here was life.And new horizons.
We eventually arrived at my parents' doorstep astonishingly fresh and full of stories.
I grew brave with the trip back home and creative with my disciplining technique.On an empty section of road, everyone started quarreling.I stopped the car, ordered all kids out and told them to meet me up ahead.I parked my car half a mile away and read my book in sweet silence.
Some road trips are by necessity fast and straight.But that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour may uncover the best part of a journey and the best part of yourself.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者带着孩子和小羊羔Banner去父母家的一次绕道旅行，从而发现了绕行路的魅力。
5．Why did the author use to take freeways to her parents' home
A．It was less tiring.
B．It would be faster and safer.
C．Her kids would feel less confined.
D．She felt better with other drivers nearby.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的We traveled the way most people do：the fastest, shortest, easiest road以及第三段可知，作者和大多数人出行的方式一样：走最快、最短、最简单的路，并且公路旅行很危险。由此可知，作者走高速公路因为它更快更安全。
6．What does the author discover from the trip according to Paragraph 6
A．Freeways are where beauty hides.
B．Getting close to nature adds to the joy of life.
C．Enjoying the beauty of nature benefits one's health.
D．One should follow side roads to watch wild animals.
解析：选B 推理判断题。通读第六段内容，尤其是it was better than the best ride down the freeway.Here was life.And new horizons.可知，作者在探索旁路的过程中寻找到了快乐，发现这比开车在高速公路上疾驰要好，这是生活，也是新视野。由此可以推知作者发现“接近自然可以增加生活的乐趣”。
7．Why did the author ask the kids to get out of the car on their way back home
A．To give herself some time to read.
B．To order some food for them.
C．To play a game with them.
D．To let them cool down.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的everyone started quarreling.I stopped the car, ordered all kids out and told them to meet me up ahead.可知，在孩子们开始争吵后，作者停下车，命令所有的孩子都下车，由此可以推知作者是想让孩子们下车冷静。
8．What could be the best title for the passage
A．Charm of the Detour
B．The Road to Bravery
C．Creativity out of Necessity
D．Road trip and Country Life
解析：选A 标题归纳题。文章开篇以诗人William Stafford的话引出话题：我们更多地被生活中的绕行路定义，而不是通往目标的狭窄道路；然后讲述了自己的出行经历和对这句话深层含义的理解；最后一段回扣主题，再次说明绕行路的魅力。因此A项Charm of the Detour适合作本文标题。
Ⅱ.完形填空
My history with music was not good.I still remembered when I took my short lived piano lessons, my grandfather said 1 to my grandmother, “Why didn't he make any progress with much practice？” I 2 to make my piano performance attractive.However, my efforts were 3 .
So I gave up playing any musical instrument until my old friend Leroy 4 me to play the violin with him when I was 57.It made me enjoy the joy of playing music again.On day, Leroy sent a text 5 me that there was a music performance and he wanted me to join him.Thinking of my past, I 6 his invitation.I expected to hear his words that I would become 7 with practice on stage.But he said, “OK, only play if you want to.” I was totally 8 by the unexpected answer and made no reply except to tell him goodbye.
No one was 9 me to participate, but I faced a special 10 .Should I play on stage or just watch a movie I had chosen the “movie route” too many times and this time I was 11 to grasp the opportunity.After a long and careful 12 ， I played my violin with Leroy. 13 I didn't lose all my nervousness, it was enough for me to overcome my fear.Finally, I 14 a full performance in front of the audience.
A short time later, my friend Leroy passed away, but his 15 stayed.It helped me not only in music, but in all aspects of life.When I focused on what I wanted to do, fear will be replaced with joy.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者因小时候练习乐器造成了心理阴影。但是最后作者在朋友的帮助下，战胜自己内心的恐惧走上了舞台。
1．A.worriedly B．calmly
C．patiently D．happily
解析：选A 根据后文Why didn't he make any progress with much practice？可知，此处表示祖父很担心(worriedly)。
2．A.pretended B．regretted
C．agreed D．tried
解析：选D 根据后文中my efforts可知，此处表示作者努力(tried)使他的钢琴演奏吸引人。
3．A.on time B．in order
C．in vain D．on display
解析：选C 前句提到作者很努力地练习，此处用了however表示转折，说明这些努力都白费了(in vain)。
4．A.challenged B．invited
C．allowed D．reminded
解析：选B 根据后文中he wanted me to join him和 his invitation可知，此处表示老朋友Leroy邀请(invited)作者。
5．A.convincing B．informing
C．warning D．cheating
解析：选B 根据前文提到老朋友Leroy邀请作者和他一起拉小提琴可知，此处表示他发短信通知(informing)作者有一场音乐会。
6．A.refused B．received
C．blamed D．evaluated
解析：选A 分析句意，根据文章一开始提到作者学习音乐的痛苦回忆可知，此处表示作者拒绝了(refused)朋友的邀请。
7．A.important B．special
C．reliable D．skilled
解析：选D 前文已提到作者很不擅长音乐，所以作者希望朋友的回复是：通过舞台上的表演可以让自己更熟练(skilled)。
8．A.shocked B．scared
C．satisfied D．ashamed
解析：选A 分析句意，根据后文by the unexpected answer可知，朋友的回答让作者始料未及，倍感震惊(shocked)。
9．A.teaching B．begging
C．forcing D．expecting
解析：选C 前文提到在作者拒绝邀请后，朋友也只是说了OK, only play if you want to.可知，此处表示没人强迫(forcing)作者去做。
10．A.chance B．goal
C．task D．choice
解析：选D 根据后文Should I play on stage or just watch a movie？可知，此处表示作者面临一个选择(choice)。
11．A.suitable B．curious
C．willing D．generous
解析：选C 分析句意，根据后文 I played my violin with Leroy可知，作者愿意(willing)抓住机会。
12．A.preparation B．explanation
C．test D．search
解析：选A 根据后文Finally, I 14 a full performance in front of the audience.可知，作者为演奏会做了充分的准备(preparation)。
13．A.If B．Since
C．Though D．When
解析：选C 根据后文it was enough for me to overcome my fear可知，此处应表示虽然(Though)作者还没完全做到放松，但是对他来说战胜恐惧已经足够了。
14．A.planned B．recommended
C．watched D．offered
解析：选D 根据前文提及的作者做了充分的准备且战胜了恐惧可知，此处应表示作者给观众提供了(offered)一场精彩的表演。
15．A.fame B．concern
C．influence D．care
解析：选C 根据后文可知，此处表示朋友对作者的影响(influence)依然存在。
Ⅲ.语法填空
From 1405 to 1433, Zheng He made seven historic voyages to Asia and Africa.Thanks to frequent and friendly 1 (exchange) between China and foreign countries, Zheng He successfully 2 (promote) friendship between China and Southeast Asian countries to new heights.From 1403 to 1424, 3 number of envoys (使者) visit China a record 318 times, an average of 15 times a year.
Zheng He's fleet (船队) traveled from the Western Pacific through the Indian Ocean to West Asia and the east coast of Africa, 4 (involve) three oceans and providing valuable records for the history of Chinese navigation (航海)．His voyages, 5 happened earlier than the Westerners' Voyages of Discovery, came 87 years before Columbus, 92 years before Vasco da Gama, and 116 years before Magellan's 6 (arrive) in the Philippines.
Sadly, many of the official Chinese records of these voyages were destroyed 7 his death.Zheng He's rightful place in Chinese history 8 (confirm) in 1984.Following a more realistic evaluation of Zheng He's achievements by scholars East and West, his standing as one of the 9 (great) maritime (航海的) explorers of all time has at last been 10 (firm) recognized worldwide.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了郑和下西洋的经历以及他对航海界做出的贡献。
1．exchanges exchange为可数名词，意为“交流，交往”，根据空前形容词frequent和friendly可知，本空应用名词复数形式。
2．promoted 根据时间状语From 1405 to 1433可知，本句陈述的是过去发生的事情，故本空应用一般过去时。
3．the the number of意为“……的数量”，故本空应用定冠词the。
4．involving 本空和空后现在分词providing为并列成分，都在句中作状语，故本空应用现在分词involving。
5．which 本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰voyages，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，故本空应用关系代词which。
6．arrival 根据空前名词所有格Magellan's可知，本空应用名词形式。
7．after 根据句意可知，本空缺少介词，意为“在……之后”，故本空应用介词after。
8．was confirmed 根据时间状语in 1984可知，本句应用一般过去时，且句子主语place和动词confirm之间是被动关系，故本空应用一般过去时的被动语态。
9．greatest “one of the＋形容词最高级＋名词复数形式”是固定用法，故本空应用形容词的最高级形式。
10．firmly 本空修饰动词recognized，故应用副词形式。
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7(共22张PPT)
A鱼
概念
Itis/was+形容词+( for sb.)+动词不定式
Itis/was+形容词+(ofsb.)+动词不定式
Itis/was+名词(短语)+动词不定式
Itis/was+名词/形容词+动词-ing形式
作形式主语
Itis/was+形容词+主语从句
用法
Itis/was+名词(短语)+主语从句
Itis/was+过去分词+主语从句
It+seems/ appears/ happens+主语从句
It+及物动词+宾语+动词不定式
形式主语让与强调句中i的差别Using language
Grammar——it作形式主语
一、语法图解
二、语法突破
1．概念
it作为形式主语，代替句子的逻辑主语，并无实际词义。这可以保持句子的结构平衡，避免主语太长，显得头重脚轻。
2．用法
it作为形式主语主要分为几种情况：
(1)It is/was＋形容词＋(for sb.)＋动词不定式
强调动作特征的形容词(如easy，difficult，hard，important，possible，wise等)常用于此句型。为了强调不定式动作的执行者，常在不定式前加for sb.。
It is necessary for us to master some basic living skills.
我们有必要掌握一些基本的生活技能。
(2)It is/was＋形容词＋(of sb.)＋动词不定式
表示心理品质或性格特征的形容词常用于此类句型，如kind，nice，stupid，clever，foolish，polite，impolite，silly，selfish，considerate等，动作的逻辑主语和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构，因此这样的句式也可转化为“sb.＋be＋形容词＋动词不定式”。
It is foolish of you to trust a person like him.
→You are foolish to trust a person like him.
你相信像他这样的人是愚蠢的。
(3)It is/was＋名词(短语)＋动词不定式
It is our duty to help the weak and the poor.
扶弱济贫是我们的责任。
(4)It is/was＋名词/形容词＋动词 ing形式
常用的名词和形容词：no good，no use，a waste of time，useless。
It is no use arguing about the matter with him.
和他争论这件事是没有用的。
(5)It is/was＋形容词＋主语从句
It is uncertain whether the project will be completed this fall.
这个项目能否在今年秋天完成还不确定。
(6)It is/was＋名词(短语)＋主语从句
常用的名词：a fact，a pity，a shame，a surprise等。
It is no surprise that he has been accepted by the company.
他被这家公司录用了，这并不奇怪。
(7)It is/was＋过去分词＋主语从句
用于此类句型的过去分词有said，reported，thought，announced，believed，suggested，decided，hoped等。
It is believed that the boy will soon recover from the operation.
人们相信这个男孩手术后不久就会康复。
(8)It＋seems/appears/happens＋主语从句
It appears that people are more dependent on the Internet.
人们似乎更依赖互联网了。
(9)It＋及物动词＋宾语＋动词不定式
It took the workers three years to complete the project.
工人们花了三年时间完成这项工程。
3．形式主语it与强调句中it的差别
形式主语it it是句子的形式主语，真正的主语是句尾that引导的主语从句，去除句中的it和that则句子失去完整性。
强调句中it 强调句结构为“It is/was＋被强调成分＋that＋句子其余成分”，结构词it is/was和that都无实际意义，删掉it is/was及that后句子仍然意义完整。
It is strange that he should say I am unfair.(it作形式主语)
真奇怪，他竟然说我不公平。
It was in the park that they fell in love with each other at the first sight.(强调句中it)
他们是在这个公园里一见钟情的。
1．harmonious adj.和睦的，融洽的；协调的；悦耳的
(教材P42)Rather, it's about countries and people making a joint effort to come together to create a more harmonious and understanding world, so that we can all enjoy the mutual benefits.
相反，这是国家和人民共同努力，共同创造一个更加和谐和相互理解的世界，使我们都能享受到互利。
harmony n． 相处融洽，和谐
in harmony with 与……协调一致
out of harmony with 与……不协调一致
(经典佳句)If everyone can reach out a helping hand to others, the world around us will be more and more harmonious.
如果每个人都能伸出援助之手，那我们的世界将会变得越来越和谐。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①We are trying to form a harmonious (harmony) society.
②Only when people live in harmony with each other can we have a stable society.
③When children grow up, their ideas may sometimes be out of harmony with their parents' thoughts.
[写美] 完成句子
④Although there are wars, I believe it's possible for all countries to live in harmony with each other in the future.
虽然有战争，但我相信未来所有国家和睦相处是可能的。
2．rewarding adj.值得做的，有意义的
(教材P42)It was rewarding to see how our work helped bring people together from different cultures.
看到我们的工作如何帮助不同文化的人们走到一起，这是值得的。
(1)reward n． 奖励；回报；报酬
v. 奖励；奖赏；给……以报酬
in reward for ... 为了酬谢或报答……
as a reward for 作为对……的奖励/报酬，为了表彰……
(2)reward sb.for (doing) sth. 因为(做)某事报答/奖赏某人
reward sb.with ... 用……报答/回报某人
(经典佳句)Life for the successful doctor can be emotionally and financially rewarding.
对于事业有成的医生来说，生活在精神和物质两方面都能令人满足。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①One of the advantages of teaching is that it's so rewarding (reward) to work with children.
②In reward for his timely help, I decided to treat him to a seafood dinner.
③The government rewarded him for saving the old man in the river.
④He rewarded the boy with ＄10 for bringing back his lost dog.
[写美] 完成句子
⑤As a reward for his bravery, a gold medal was given to the soldier.
为了表彰他的勇敢，这个士兵被授予一块金牌。
维度一 基础题型练
1．It's necessary for us to use (use) a short wave radio to pick up the programmes.
2．It was foolish of him to give up the job.
3．It is no good buying (buy) a car if you can't drive.
4．It was a pity that the engineer couldn't come on time.
5．It is common knowledge that the earth goes around the sun.
6．It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese.
7．It was considerate of him to send me a birthday gift.
8．It's no good taking (take) over the experience of foreign countries uncritically.
9．It is hoped that the number of deer will greatly increase very soon.
10．It seemed that they were quite interested in the given topic.
维度二 语法与写作
1．It is everyone's duty to obey the law.
遵守法律是每个人的义务。
2．It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese.
对于一个外国人来说，学习汉语是困难的。
3．It is a waste of time watching TV.
看电视浪费时间。
4．It is strange that no one wants to go there.
奇怪的是没有人想要去那里。
5．It is reported that more than twenty people were killed in that bus accident.
据报道，在那次的公共汽车事故中有二十多人丧生。
维度三 以语段形式练习语法
I have studied English for six years.It was difficult for me 1.to remember (remember) new words at first.I tried every means, but it was no use 2.reciting (recite) them over and over again.3.It was very kind of you to offer me some suggestions.It is necessary 4.to understand (understand) its meaning in sentences.It is no wonder 5.that your English is good.It 6.is requested (request) that everyone should master proper methods of learning.7.It was a shame I hadn't asked you for help earlier.I will try my best to improve my English.It is hoped 8.that I will pass the TOEFL and have a chance to study abroad.Thanks for your help.I would be grateful if you could give me a reply soon.
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