(共72张PPT)
素养目标
必记单词
单元知抢先知
文化意识
(主题语境:人与自然——保护我们脆弱的星球)
dramatically ecology
认识到人类生存
nutrient
必须依赖于良好的自
heritage
然生态系统,保护生
habitat comparison重点短语
态就是保护人类,加 subsequently visual
in harmony with
深对人与自然和谐共 appetite
session
处这一理念的认识。
multiply
mysterious the number of
chaos
status
思维品质
die out
conservation criterion
提高保护生态系
统和树立人类命运共
virus
rare
out of control
同体的意识
decrease
biological
经典句型
come up with
核心语法
trap
apparently
学习能力
departure vast
turn out
1.whle引导时间状语
读懂并描述不同
explode
variation
从句
i作形式宾语
生态系统面临的问题
once and for al
collapse
endangered
和发生的变化,听懂
2动词-ing的主动形
substantial elsewhere
on behalf of
并把握听力材料的核
式表示被动意义
话题写作
incident
coexist
心思想和细节信息。
make it
intervention secure
3.强调句型
起草一篇
语言能力匚心
owe
greeting
be named after
4.过去分词短语作定语演讲稿
单元话
题导入
A鱼Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Olivia Ries was just seven years old when she and her eight year old brother Carter adopted a cheetah (猎豹) in South Africa.
“When my sister and I first learned back in 2009 that species like the cheetah may be extinct in the wild by the time we have kids, it scared us.We knew we had to do something to help them，” says Carter.“There are so many people (young and old alike) who just don't know what is happening to so many species, just like we didn't.Olivia and I want to make sure we reach as many people around the world as possible and help them to understand how serious the situation really is.”
To do that, the kids started One More Generation (OMG), an organization with the motto：“Preserving endangered species for one more generation and beyond.”
Now, ten years later, Olivia and Carter have traveled all over the world spreading their message.They've been interviewed on national television, participated in marches and fundraisers and won awards for their work.In 2015, they were invited to Vietnam by the United States Embassy to participate in a program to save rhinos.All that they've accomplished for animals and the environment is much too long to list!
“Our number one message to everyone we meet is ‘Remember, anyone can make a difference ...if we can, you can too，’” says Olivia, “We want all people to understand that what Carter and I are doing is not necessarily something special; it is something that we all should be doing.You can start small by simply adopting an animal.Do some research on the species you are interested in, and find a good organization offering adoptions.My brother and I take our birthday money and allowance money and adopt animals all the time.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Carter 和Olivia Ries兄妹在了解到猎豹即将灭绝的事实后，通过自己的方式成立组织来号召所有人关心濒危动物。
1．How did Olivia and Carter feel when learning cheetahs faced extinction
A．Angry and guilty.
B．Shocked and concerned.
C．Anxious and helpless.
D．Hopeful and determined.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句和最后一句可知，当Olivia 和Carter知道猎豹可能会灭绝时，他们很震惊，也很担心，想要尽自己的力量来帮助它们，故选B项(震惊和担心)。
2．What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell about Olivia and Carter
A．They organized activities to raise money.
B．They took measures to save rhinos.
C．They made efforts to list extinct species.
D．They contributed a lot to dying species.
解析：选D 段落大意题。根据第四段的主要内容，尤其是最后一句All that they've accomplished for animals and the environment is much too long to list！可知，本段主要讲述了Olivia和Carter为濒危动物和环境做了很多事情。D项(他们为濒临灭绝的物种做出了很大贡献)符合以上说法。
3．What do Olivia's words suggest
A．Anyone can help by starting small.
B．Anyone can do something special.
C．Anyone should do research on species.
D．Anyone should donate to adoption organizations.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Our number one message to everyone we meet is ‘Remember, anyone can make a difference ...if we can, you can too，’”和You can start small by simply adopting an animal.Do some research on the species you are interested in, and find a good organization offering adoptions.可推测，Olivia说这些话的意思是“任何人都可以从小事情做起来帮助濒危动物”，故选A项。
4．If you're to offer Olivia a gift, which might she expect most
A．Adopting a panda in name of both her and me.
B Making her a furry dog with my own hands.
C．Buying her a doll of the latest style.
D．Mailing her a handmade postcard.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中最后一句My brother and I take our birthday money and allowance money and adopt animals all the time.可知，Olivia和她的哥哥用他们生日的钱和零花钱一直在收养动物，故推测她期待的礼物是收养一只小动物。A项(以她和我的名义收养一只熊猫)符合以上推测。
B
Guam is a beautiful, small island in the Pacific Ocean.You'll find happy songbirds, clear blue water, and leafy forest there.But the small island has a big problem：snakes.There are about 2 million brown tree snakes living in Guam.
The snakes likely arrived in the 1940s.They probably slipped(滑行)unseen onto ships and planes heading to Guam.Once there, the snakes laid eggs.Snake families grew.The snakes have no natural enemies to eat them on Guam.Soon, the island was covered with these snakes.
The brown tree snake has had a devastating effect.The snakes eat birds.There used to be 12 kinds of birds on the island.But these snakes have killed off nine kinds of the birds.The snakes can grow to be 10 feet long.They often bite humans.They climb onto power lines and make the electricity go out.This causes millions of dollars in damage.
Scientists have tried many different ways to control the number of snakes.They have used snake traps and snake sniffing dogs.Nothing seemed to work.Nothing, that is, until they found a surprising secret weapon：killer mice.
Scientists found out that there is one easy way to kill brown tree snakes.They could give them a medicine called Tylenol.People take Tylenol for headaches and other pains.Even a little bit of Tylenol can kill a brown tree snake.
But how would scientists get the tree snakes to eat Tylenol They came up with a plan.First, the experts put the medicine into dead mice.Then they attached each mouse to a mini paper parachute(降落伞)．Planes dropped the mice over Guam.The parachutes got caught in the trees.The mice became dinner for the snakes that live there.
Has it worked So far, research shows that there are fewer snakes because of the mice.The worry is that it may be too late to clear the snakes, but Mr Vice from Guam's Department of Agriculture says this should not stop the islanders from trying.“Our long term goal is to kill the snake off completely，” he says.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Guam岛是一个美丽的地方，但是有一个很大的问题——到处是棕树蛇。杀死棕树蛇一个有效的方法是让它们吃携带Tylenol的老鼠。
5．What can we learn about the brown tree snakes
A．They were shipped to Guam on purpose.
B．They were not native to Guam.
C．They were at risk in the 1940s.
D．They grew very slowly.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第二段前两句可知，蛇可能是在20世纪40年代出现的。它们可能趁人不注意溜上了前往Guam岛的船只和飞机。由此推断出，棕树蛇不是Guam岛的本地物种。
6．What does the underlined word “devastating” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Magical. B．Interesting.
C．Short term. D．Damaging.
解析：选D 词义猜测题。根据后文可知，棕树蛇吃鸟，岛上曾经有12种鸟类，但是这些蛇已经杀死了九种鸟类。蛇可以长到10英尺长，它们经常咬人。它们爬上电线，让电力供应中断，这造成了数百万美元的损失。以上说明了这种蛇的危害性很大。由此可以推断出画线词devastating意思是“有破坏性的”。故选D项。
7．What was a more workable way to kill the brown tree snakes
A．Using snake traps.
B．Putting Tylenol in the trees.
C．Bringing in their enemies.
D．Letting them eat Tylenol carried by mice.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四至六段内容可知，杀死棕树蛇的一个有效方法是让它们吃携带Tylenol的老鼠。
8．What does Mr Vice think of solving this snake problem
A．He is proud of it.
B．He is hopeful of it.
C．He is doubtful about it.
D．He is unconcerned about it.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Guam岛农业部的Vice先生说：“这不应该阻止岛民的尝试。我们的长期目标是彻底消灭蛇。”可推断出，Vice先生对解决蛇的问题满怀希望。
C
A small insect is getting a lot of attention in the United States.The rusty patched bumblebee (大黄蜂) is the first of its species to be declared endangered in the lower 48 states — meaning every state except Alaska and Hawaii.The rusty patched bumblebee is named for a rust colored line on its back.
The US Fish and Wildlife Service announced this month it was adding the bee to its endangered species list.The insects are “on the brink of extinction”， according to the service.It said the bees were once found in 28 states.But there now are only small populations remaining in 13 states.The government agency will make a plan to help the dying bees recover.The agency said that such a plan might help other insects, like butterflies.
US officials think land owners can take small steps to help the rusty patched bumblebee.They say land owners can be friendlier towards bees by using native plants in their gardens.The insects directly fertilize many kinds of fruit and vegetable crops.And they fertilize grain crops used to feed cattle and milk cows.It costs billions of dollars to duplicate the job the bees do for free.Land owners are also being urged to cut back on their use of pesticide products.The officials also suggest that gardeners leave their plants alone at the end of the summer instead of cutting them.That way, the bees will have a place to live over the winter.
The Fish and Wildlife Service says the rusty patched bumblebee was added to the endangered species list partly because of habitat loss.Other reasons were disease, pesticides and climate change.Officials are worried that other bees will suffer, too.Another species of bees in Hawaii is also endangered.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在美国濒临灭绝的锈迹大黄蜂的相关信息。
9．How many states declared the rusty patched bumblebee endangered
A．13. B．28.
C．48. D．50.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段中The rusty patched bumblebee (大黄蜂) is the first of its species to be declared endangered in the lower 48 states — meaning every state except Alaska and Hawaii.可知，锈迹大黄蜂是48个州中第一个被宣布濒临灭绝的物种，这意味着除了阿拉斯加和夏威夷以外的每一个州都是如此。由此可知，有48个州宣布锈迹大黄蜂濒临灭绝。
10．Which one is harmful to the rusty patched bumblebee
A．Planting native plants.
B．Reducing the use of pesticide products.
C．Leaving plants alone.
D．Cutting out plants regularly.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第三段中最后一句The officials also suggest that gardeners leave their plants alone at the end of the summer instead of cutting them.That way, the bees will have a place to live over the winter.可知，官员们还建议园丁们在夏末的时候不要去修剪植物，而是让它们自己生长。这样，蜜蜂就有地方过冬了。由此可以推断出，定期剪植物对锈迹大黄蜂是有害的。
11．What can we know about the rusty patched bumblebee according to the text
A．All the states declared it as endangered species.
B．It is named for a rust colored line on its belly.
C．It is beneficial to land owners.
D．It is endangered mainly because of habitat loss.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段中The insects directly fertilize many kinds of fruit and vegetable crops.And they fertilize grain crops used to feed cattle and milk cows.It costs billions of dollars to duplicate the job the bees do for free.可知，这些昆虫直接给许多水果和蔬菜作物施肥，它们还为喂牛和奶牛的谷物施肥，而复制蜜蜂做的这些免费的工作要花费数十亿美元。由此推知，锈迹大黄蜂对土地的主人是有益的。
12．What's the best title for the passage
A．Bumblebee Added to US Endangered Species List
B．Why Is Bumblebee on the Brink of Extinction
C．Take Steps to Help Bumblebee
D．The Benefits of Protecting Bumblebee
解析：选A 标题归纳题。根据最后一段第一句The Fish and Wildlife Service says the rusty patched bumblebee was added to the endangered species list partly because of habitat loss.可知，鱼类和野生动物管理局说锈迹大黄蜂被列入濒危物种名单，部分原因是栖息地丧失。由此可知，A项(大黄蜂加入了美国濒危物种名单)适合作本文标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
If your family is thinking of getting a pet, consider adopting from an animal shelter, where all animals are in need of loving homes. 1 Here are some tips for you to find great animals.
Make some decisions.
Think about what you want in a pet and remember that all pets have different personalities.Cats tend to be more independent, but kittens need lots of attention. 2 However, they are usually great companions and love to spend time with their family.
Visit the shelter.
3 Remember that you may need to visit more than one shelter, or you may need to make more than one visit.Try to bring along everyone who will be living with the new pet.Ask the shelter staff lots of questions.And never adopt an animal because you feel sorry for it — be patient so you can find a pet who is truly a good match for your family.
4
Buy all necessary supplies and food well before the animal comes home.Make sure that the entire household is in agreement about rules and responsibilities — will the dog be allowed on the couch Who will clean the litter box Put it in writing before the pet arrives.
Bring your new friend home!
You'll probably be excited when your new pet arrives, but be sure to give it space and time to get adjusted to a new home and a new family. 5 Interact with your pet a lot and get it used to a routine, and soon you'll be one big happy family!
A．Get everything ready.
B．Put away the garbage cans.
C．Dogs need to be walked at least twice a day.
D．Both cats and dogs are human's good partners.
E．The pet may act differently once they leave the shelter.
F．Set aside at least a few hours to visit shelters in your area.
G．Some may come with emotional or behavioral issues, but most are happy, healthy, and ready for a loving home.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者对于如何从宠物收容所收养动物这个问题，给出了一些建议。
1．选G 根据上文可知，如果你的家人想要养宠物，可以考虑从动物收容所领养，那里所有的动物都需要温暖的家；根据下文Here are some tips for you to find great animals.可知，下文都是提的一些建议。本空承上启下，G项(有些可能会有情绪或行为上的问题，但大多数都是快乐、健康的，并准备加入一个充满爱的家)切题。
2．选C 根据上文可知，领养宠物时要想想你想从宠物身上得到什么，记住所有的宠物都有不同的个性。下文列举了猫的例子，说明猫往往更独立，但小猫需要更多的关注。接下来会列举狗的例子，C选项(每天至少要遛狗两次)切题。
3．选F 根据下文可知，你可能需要拜访不止一个收容所，或者你可能需要拜访不止一次。该空引出下文，F项(留出至少几个小时参观你所在地区的收容所)切题。
4．选A 本空为小标题。在动物回家之前，购买所有必要的供应品和食物。确保整个家庭在规则和责任上达成一致——允许狗躺在沙发上吗？谁来打扫垃圾箱？在宠物到来之前把它写下来。由此可知，这一段主要讲了把一切准备好，故选A项。
5．选E 根据上文可知，当你的新宠物到来的时候，你可能会很兴奋，但是一定要给它空间和时间来适应一个新家和一个新的家庭成员；根据下文可知，经常和你的宠物互动，让它习惯于日常生活，很快你们就会成为一个快乐的大家庭！该空承上启下，E项(宠物一旦离开收容所，行为可能会有所不同)切题。
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7Starting out & Understanding ideas
It was a village in India.The people were poor but happy.After all, their forefathers had lived in the same way for centuries.Then one day, some visitors from the city arrived.They told the villagers there were some people elsewhere who liked to eat frog's legs.However, they did not have enough frogs of their own, and so they wanted to buy frogs from other places.
This seemed like money for nothing.There were millions of frogs in the fields around, and they seemed of no use to the villagers.All they had to do was catch them.Agreement was reached.Every week a truck arrived to collect the frogs and hand over the money.For the first time, the people were able to dream of a better future.But the dream didn't last long.
The change was hardly noticed at first, but it seemed as if the crops were not doing so well.More worrying was that the children fell ill more often, and, there seemed to be more insects.
The villagers decided that they couldn't just wait to see the crops failing and the children getting weak.They would have to use the money earned to buy pesticides and medicines.Soon there was no money left.
Then the people realized what was happening.It was the frog.They had been doing an important job — eating insects.Now with so many frogs killed, the insects were increasing more rapidly.They were damaging the crops and spreading diseases.
Now, the people are still poor.But in the evenings they sit in the village square and listen to sounds of insects and frogs.These sounds of the night now have a much deeper meaning.
[理解] Read the passage and answer the following questions.1．Why did the villagers agree to catch frogs Because they wanted to get money.Besides, they didn't realise the importance of frogs.2．What can we learn from the passage The balance between man and nature is important. [积累] 1．forefather n．祖先，祖宗2．agreement n. 同意，一致3．dream of 梦想4．crop n. 农作物5．pesticide n. 杀虫剂
Section ⅠStarting out & Understanding ideas
MACQUARIE ISLAND：from Chaos① to Conservation②
I am standing on Macquarie Island, in the South west Pacific Ocean, halfway③ between Australia and Antarctica.Strong winds and stormy seas have helped sculpt④ its long, thin shape.The green grass and bare⑤ rock of its landscape contrast⑥ dramatically⑦， [1]giving it a wild and natural beauty.[2]No visitor would think it surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage⑧ Site. [3]Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants⑨， including royal penguins⑩， king penguins, and elephant seals, existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years.
[1]现在分词短语作结果状语。
[2]本句为主从复合句。其中it作形式宾语，that引导宾语从句。
[3]本句为nor置于句首引起的部分倒装句。其中how引导宾语从句。
But the island's more recent history tells a different story.[4]It's a tragic story that began in 1810 when humans arrived on the island. In their ships they unknowingly brought rats and mice.These small animals quickly took over the island, [5]eating the birds' eggs and attacking baby birds.Cats were brought to the island [6]to control the rats and mice.Unfortunately, the cats subsequently developed an appetite for the birds, too.
[4]本句为主从复合句。其中that引导定语从句，修饰名词story；when引导定语从句，修饰1810。
[5]现在分词短语作伴随状语。
[6]动词不定式短语作目的状语。
Meanwhile, rabbits were introduced to the island as a source of food for humans.Loose on the island, they did [7]what rabbits do best — they multiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes, [8]which caused soil erosion.The exploding rabbit population provided plentiful food for the cats, meaning that the number of cats also increased.This in turn led to more cats hunting the birds.The end result was that parakeets， once large in number and native to the island, died out in 1891.
[7]what引导宾语从句；破折号后解释的是what rabbits do best的内容。
[8]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句。
Even after Macquarie Island became an official nature reserve in the 1970s, the rabbits remained out of control.[9]Experts felt it necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island. With this goal in mind, a virus was released onto the island.But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 130,000 to around 10,000, it also meant less food for the cats.The cats in consequence turned their attention — and their stomachs — back to the native birds, [10]killing up to 60,000 each year.In the 1980s, traps and dogs were used to catch the cats.The last Macquarie Island cat was caught in 2000.
[9]it作形式宾语，动词不定式短语to come up with a plan作真正的宾语；动词不定式短语to remove all the rabbits from the island作目的状语。
[10]现在分词短语作结果状语。
①chaos n．大混乱；紊乱
②conservation n．保护
③halfway adj.中间的，半途的
④sculpt v．使具有某种形状；雕刻，雕塑
⑤bare adj.光秃秃的；荒芜的
⑥contrast v．对比，对照
⑦dramatically adv.显著地
⑧heritage n．遗产；传统
World Heritage Site世界遗产地
⑨inhabitant n．栖居的动物
⑩penguin n．企鹅
in harmony with与……和睦相处，与……协调一致
habitat n．栖息地
tragic adj.悲惨的；悲痛的；可悲的
unknowingly adv.不知不觉地，不经意中
rat n．大老鼠
take over 占领；接管(公司)；取代；占上风
subsequently adv.后来，随后
appetite n．胃口，食欲
loose adj.不受约束的；未束缚的
multiply v．(使)大大增加，(使)倍增
vegetation n．植物，草木(总称)
erosion n．侵蚀
soil erosion土壤侵蚀，水土流失
plentiful adj.大量的；充足的；丰富的
the number of ……的数量
in turn 反过来
lead to 导致，带来
parakeet n．长尾(小)鹦鹉
die out 灭绝，绝种
nature reserve自然保护区
out of control 不受控制；失去控制
come up with 想出，提出(计划、想法等)
virus n．病毒
release v．释放
decrease v．(使)变小，(使)减少
in consequence 结果，因此
trap n．夹子，陷阱
But as the saying goes, “While the cat's away, the mice will play.” With the departure of the cats from the island, the mouse and rat population started to increase.And remember those 10,000 or so rabbits [11]It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus, and their numbers exploded once again. Then, in 2006, the rabbits' digging caused some land to collapse， and killed a substantial number of penguins.[12]This incident made it clear that the rat, mouse and rabbit problem needed solving once and for all.
[11]本句为主从复合句。其中It作形式主语，that引导主语从句。
[12]本句为主从复合句。其中it作形式宾语，that引导宾语从句。
So, I am here on Macquarie Island to participate in the programme to tackle this very problem.The first step involved poison being dropped from helicopters.[13]The next step is to remove the last remaining invading species, and that's where I come in — with my dogs. They have been trained to find every last one, without harming the native animals.This intervention is a long, much delayed ending to a sad story, but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending.
[13]本句为and连接的并列复合句。前面的分句中，动词不定式短语to remove the last remaining invading species作表语；后面的分句中，where引导表语从句。
Postscript：In 2014, Macquarie Island was declared pest free and the island's ecology is finally on the road to recovery.
departure n．离开
turn out原来是；结果发现
immunity n．免疫力
explode v．突然增加
collapse v．倒坍；塌下
substantial adj.大量的，多的
incident n．事件
once and for all 彻底地；一劳永逸地
intervention n．干预，介入
owe v．应该做；对……负有……的义务
postscript n．附言
pest n．有害小动物；害虫
ecology n．生态
[参考译文]
麦夸里岛：从混乱不堪到精心保护
我正站在麦夸里岛上，这里位于太平洋的西南部，澳大利亚和南极洲的中间。强风和惊涛骇浪将海岛塑成现在狭长的形状。绿草和光禿的岩石形成的景观反差巨大，使海岛呈现出一种狂野和天然的美。这座岛是联合国教科文组织确立的世界遗产，游客们都认为其名副其实。他们也不难想象出，数千年来，包括帝企鹅、王企鹅和象海豹在内的当地动物是如何与其自然栖息地完美地和谐共存的。
但是，这座岛近些年的遭遇则是截然不同的故事。悲剧从人类1810年来到这座岛屿开始。他们不经意间随船带来了大鼠和小鼠。这些小动物很快就占领了岛屿，它们吃鸟蛋并攻击幼鸟。为控制鼠患，人们带来了猫，但不幸的是，猫随后也开始以鸟为食。
与此同时，人们把兔子引进岛上作为食物。由于在岛上放任其生存，兔子做了自己最擅长的事——飞快地繁殖，它们开始吃当地植被并挖洞，造成了土壤侵蚀。爆炸式增长的兔子数量给猫提供了充足的食物，这意味着猫的数量也增加了，相应地就有更多猫捕食鸟类。最终结果是，曾经数量众多的当地物种长尾小鹦鹉在1891年灭绝。
即使在20世纪70年代麦夸里岛成为官方自然保护区后，兔子仍然不受控制。专家认为，必须想办法清除岛上所有的兔子。怀着这个目标，人们投放了一种病毒到岛上。然而，虽然病毒使得兔子的数量从130,000降到约10,000只，但这也意味着猫的食物变少了。因此，猫把注意力和胃口重新转向了当地鸟类，每年捕食多达60,000只。20世纪80年代，人们利用捕猎夹和狗来抓猫。2000年，麦夸里岛上的最后一只猫被抓。
但正如俗语所说，“山中无老虎，猴子称大王”。猫从岛上消失了，小鼠和大鼠的数量便开始增加。还记得那10,000只左右的兔子吗？它们最终对病毒产生了免疫，数量又一次激增。随后，在2006年，兔子挖的洞造成一些土地坍塌，导致大量企鹅死亡。这一事件清楚地表明，大鼠、小鼠和兔子泛滥的问题需要一次彻底地解决。
所以，正是为了解决这个问题，我来到麦夸里岛上参与一项行动。行动的第一步利用了直升机向岛上投放毒药。下一步是清除最后残存的入侵物种，这就是我的工作了——和我的狗一起。这些狗受训去寻找剩下的每一只老鼠和兔子，同时又不伤害当地动物。这次干预行动是这场悲剧漫长而屡被贻误的大结局，但这是我们人类应该做的，我们亏欠这座岛屿一个美好的结局。
附言：2014年，麦夸里岛正式宣布已无有害生物，岛上的生态环境终于走上了恢复之路。
Step One：Pre reading
Do you think humans can affect ecosystem How
Yes, humans can affect ecosystem.Humans can affect ecosystems in positive and negative ways.For example, to have a positive influence on ecosystems, people can plant trees, feed and protect animals, recycle things, etc.However, deforestation, air and water pollution and excessive waste affect ecosystems in a negative way.
Step Two：While reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
The text mainly wants to analyse how Macquarie Island was saved from destruction.
Ⅱ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1．Which is not the native inhabitants on Macquarie Island
A．Mice. B．Elephant seals.
C．King penguins. D．Royal penguins.
2．Which animal came to Macquarie Island first
A．Cats. B．Rabbits.
C．Mice and rats. D．Dogs.
3．When did Macquarie Island become an official nature reserve
A．In 1891. B．In the 1970s.
C．In the 1980s. D．In 2000.
4．Why were the dogs introduced to the island
A．To decrease the number of cats.
B．To kill the mice.
C．To catch the rabbits.
D．To diversify the species.
5．Which of the following is NOT Macquarie Island's problem
A．Mice. B．Rabbits.
C．Rats. D．Birds.
答案：1～5 ACBAD
Step Three：Post reading
阅读课文内容， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Macquarie Island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.But it is a tragic story 1.that/which began in 1810 when humans arrived on the island.In their ships they unknowingly brought rats and mice.These small animals quickly took over the island, eating the birds' eggs and 2.attacking (attack) baby birds.Cats were brought to the island to control the rats and mice.3.Unfortunately (unfortunate), the cats subsequently developed an appetite for the birds, too.Meanwhile, rabbits were introduced to the island as a source of food for humans.The exploding rabbit population provided plentiful food 4.for the cats, meaning that the number of cats also increased.This in turn led to more cats 5.hunting (hunt) the birds.
Experts felt 6.it necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island.So a virus was released onto the island and caused the rabbit population 7.to decrease (decrease) from 130,000 to around 10,000.The cats in consequence turned their attention back to native birds.In the 1980s, traps and dogs were used to catch the cats.The last Macquarie Island cat 8.was caught (catch) in 2000.And the remaining 10,000 rabbits developed an immunity to the virus, and their numbers exploded once again.Then, in 2006, the rabbits' digging caused some land 9.to collapse (collapse), and killed a substantial number of penguins.This incident made it clear that the rat, mouse and rabbit problem needed 10.solving (solve) once and for all.
So, I am here on Macquarie Island to participate in the programme to tackle this very problem.This intervention is a long, much delayed ending to a sad story, but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending.
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．the halfway stage 中间阶段
2．dramatically improve working efficiency
显著地提高工作效率
3．rich cultural heritage 丰富的文化遗产
4．the panda's natural habitat 大熊猫的天然栖息地
5．spoil your appetite 破坏你的食欲
6．cause total chaos 导致完全的混乱
7．set a trap 设陷阱
8．an isolated incident 个别事件
9．military intervention 军事干涉
10．damage the fragile ecology 破坏脆弱的生态环境
11．decrease military spending 减少军费开支
12．increase immunity of human body 增强人体免疫力
13．Two bombs exploded in the centre of our city and the explosion caused seven deaths.(explode)
14．He had planned to depart on Friday, but the bad weather delayed his departure.(depart)
15．I should owe my progress to your help.Owing to your help, my English improves a lot.(owe)
表示“减少，下降”动词排排站
①fall ②drop
③decrease ④decline
⑤reduce ⑥lower
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．The bus was out of control (失去控制) and knocked into a tree by the roadside.
2．I hope you can come up with (想出，提出) a solution to this problem as soon as possible.
3．All theories originate from practice and in turn (反过来) serve practice.
4．Only in this way can we solve the problems we are facing once and for all (彻底地)．
5．It turned out (结果发现) that what he told me yesterday was not true at all.
6．The dinosaurs couldn't live through the cold climate that followed and they died out (灭绝)．
7．The number of (……的数目) people working in agriculture has fallen in the past twenty years.
8．Our mission is to find ways for people to live in harmony with (与……和睦相处) nature.
Ⅲ.典型句式
1．[教材原句] But as the saying goes, “While the cat's away, the mice will play.”
[句式分析] while引导时间状语从句
[佳句仿写] He took the liberty of reading my files while I was away.
我不在时他擅自看我的文件。
2．[教材原句] This incident made it clear that the rat, mouse and rabbit problem needed solving once and for all.
[句式分析] 动词 ing的主动形式表示被动意义
[佳句仿写] The baby needs looking after carefully.
这个婴儿需要仔细照料。
1．decrease v．(使)变小，(使)减少 n．减少，降低；减少量
(教材P51)But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 130,000 to around 10,000, it also meant less food for the cats.
然而，虽然病毒使得兔子的数量从130,000降到约10,000只，但这也意味着猫的食物变少了。
(1)decrease from ...to ... 从……减少到……
decrease to ... 减少到……
decrease by ... 减少了……
(2)on the decrease 在减少中
(经典佳句)Growth in wisdom may be exactly measured by decrease in bitterness.
智慧的增长可用痛苦的减少来精确衡量。
[名师指津] decrease的近义词为reduce，反义词为increase。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①We have no idea when the housing prices will decrease to the level we can afford.
②Compared to last year, the price of wheat has decreased by 15%.
③According to the report, the number of cyclists running the red light is on the decrease.
[写美] 完成句子
④The number of new students decreased from 3,000 to 2,600 this year.
今年，新生人数从3,000人减少到了2,600人。
2．trap n．夹子，陷阱 v．使陷入困境；卡住，夹住，绊住；使陷入圈套，使中计，使上当
(教材P51)In the 1980s, traps and dogs were used to catch the cats.
20世纪80年代，人们利用捕猎夹和狗来抓猫。
(1)fall into the trap of doing sth. 落入做某事的圈套
fall/walk into a trap 掉进陷阱
set/lay a trap for ... 为……设圈套/陷阱
(2)trap sb.into (doing) sth. 使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套；使某人中计
be/get trapped in 被困在……中
(经典佳句)Shortcuts to success often turn out to be traps to failure.
成功的捷径常常是失败的陷阱。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Don't fall into the trap of investing all your money in one place.
②Once you fall into a trap, it will not be easy to get out of it.
③The farmer set a trap for rats and it trapped more than ten rats in total.
④The shopkeeper trapped me into buying a lot of products that I don't need.
[写美] 一句多译
⑤在矿井里被困了两天后，矿工们终于获救了。
→After they had been trapped in the mine for two days, the miners were finally rescued.
→Having been trapped in the mine for two days, the miners were finally rescued.
[联想发散] 表示“被困于……中”的短语还有：
①be/get locked in ②be/get caught in
③be/get stuck in ④be/get blocked in
3．departure n．离开；起程；出发；背离，违反，逾越；辞职，离职，(从某组织的)脱离
(教材P51)With the departure of the cats from the island, the mouse and rat population started to increase.
猫从岛上消失了，小鼠和大鼠的数量便开始增加。
(1)departure time 出发时间，撤离时间，起飞时刻
(2)depart v. 离开，出发；去世；离职；脱轨
depart from 离开……；背离……，违背……
depart for 出发去(某地)
(经典佳句)Our life is to be reborn in a posture of constant departure.
我们的生命就是以不断出发的姿势得到重生。
[练透] 一词多义(猜测加彩单词的含义)/单句语法填空
①The novel he is writing now is a significant departure from his previous work.背离
②Flights should be confirmed 48 hours before departure.起程
③Most airlines require you to arrive at the airport two hours before departure (depart) time.
④Years ago, he departed from his hometown to seek his fortune in big cities.
⑤He is scheduled to depart for London at 9 o'clock tomorrow morning and will arrive there at 11 o'clock.
[写美] 完成句子
⑥What is the departure time of your flight
你坐的航班什么时候起飞？
4．explode v．突然增加；爆炸，爆破；突然爆发，迸发(感情)
(教材P51)It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus, and their numbers exploded once again.
它们最终对病毒产生了免疫，数量又一次激增。
(1)explode into/with laughter 哄堂大笑
explode into/with anger 勃然大怒
(2)explosion n. 突增，猛增，激增；爆炸，爆破
(3)explosive adj. 易爆炸的，可能引起爆炸的；突增的，猛增的，激增的
(经典佳句)The population explodes to over 40,000 during the tourist season.
旅游季节，人口激增至40,000多。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①After the explosion (explode), all the main train and subway stations were shut down.
②Explosive (explode) materials must be kept far away from fire.
③The boss exploded into/with anger when he saw the sales report.
[写美] 完成句子
④Seeing the funny performance of the clown, the audience exploded into/with laughter.
看到小丑滑稽的表演，观众哄堂大笑。
5．owe v．应该做；对……负有……的义务；欠(账、钱、人情等)；归因于，归功于
(教材P51)This intervention is a long, much delayed ending to a sad story, but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending.
这次干预行动是这场悲剧漫长而屡被贻误的大结局，但这是我们人类应该做的，我们亏欠这座岛屿一个美好的结局。
(1)owe sb.sth.＝owe sth.to sb. 欠某人某物
owe ...to ... 把……归功于……
owe it to sb.that ... 将……归功于某人(it作形式宾语，that从句作
真正的宾语)
(2)owing adj. 未付的，欠着的
owing to 因为，由于
(经典佳句)All I am, or can be, I owe to my angel mother.—Abraham Lincoln
我之所有，我之所能，都归功于我天使般的母亲。
——亚伯拉罕·林肯
[练透] 一词多义(猜测加彩单词的含义)/单句语法填空
①I owe you a debt of gratitude which I shall never be able to repay.欠
②I owe it to you that I finished my work ahead of time.归功于
③These early settlers owed their survival to hard work and determination to succeed.
④I owe it to you, my dear teacher, that I can make so much progress.
⑤Owing (owe) to the limitation of our knowledge, there must be mistakes and errors in the book.
[写美] 完成句子
⑥The scientist owed his success to his teacher's encouragement.
这个科学家把自己的成功归功于他老师的鼓励。
1．句型公式：while引导时间状语从句
(教材P51)But as the saying goes, “While the cat's away, the mice will play.”
但正如俗语所说，“山中无老虎，猴子称大王”。
(1)while引导时间状语从句，从句谓语必须用延续性动词，意为“当……的时候”。
(2)while引导让步状语从句，多位于句首，意为“尽管，虽然”。
(3)while引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”。
(4)while用作并列连词，表示对比或转折，意为“而，然而”。
(经典佳句)Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。
[练透] 一词多义(猜测加彩单词的含义)
①He likes playing basketball, while I like listening to music.而
②While he was reading the newspaper, he heard someone knocking at the door.当……的时候
③While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings.尽管，虽然
④While there is life, there is hope.只要
[写美] 完成句子
⑤Kangkang is good at playing soccer, while Michael is good at playing basketball.
康康擅长踢足球，而麦克篮球打得好。
2．句型公式：动词 ing的主动形式表示被动意义
(教材P51)This incident made it clear that the rat, mouse and rabbit problem needed solving once and for all.
这一事件清楚地表明，大鼠、小鼠和兔子泛滥的问题需要一次彻底地解决。
后跟动词 ing的主动形式表示被动意义的三种情况：
(1)表示“需要”的动词如need，want，require等。
(2)表示“值得”的形容词worth。
(3)表示“超越，在……之外”的介词past，beyond等。
(经典佳句)With the coming of aging society, more and more old people need looking after.
随着老龄化社会的到来，越来越多的老人需要照顾。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Your bedroom is too dirty, so it needs cleaning/to be cleaned (clean) at once.
②As far as I'm concerned, this book is well worth reading (read) a second time.
③The pain is almost beyond bearing (bear) when a mother gives birth to a child.
[写美] 一句多译
④这座旧房需要修理。
→The old house needs repairing.
→The old house needs to be repaired.
维度一 品句填词
1．People are gradually realizing the importance of preserving national heritage (遗产)．
2．We're in a state of complete chaos (大混乱) so we need a little time to sort ourselves out.
3．It is suggested that parents should reduce their intervention (干预) to children.
4．He was so busy that he apparently had no appetite (胃口) for his supper.
5．Pollution has had a disastrous effect on the ecology (生态) of that region.
6．In recent years, the dairy industry in China has developed dramatically (显著地)．
7．The local government has adopted effective measures to decrease (减少) unemployment.
8．The incident (事件) brought the problem of violence in schools into sharp focus.
9．People's immunity refers to the body's ability to avoid or not be affected by infection and disease.
10．Many species are in danger of extinction because of the destruction of their natural habitat.
维度二 词形转换
1．Because of the greenhouse effect, the earth is warmed by gases trapped (trap) in the atmosphere.
2．They have received no news of him since his departure (depart) from the island.
3．There is an explosion (explode) of interest in learning Chinese in many countries.
4．Owing (owe) to lack of experience, we wasted much time and energy.
5．It took ten hours to free the victims from the collapsed (collapse) building.
6．The sister and two of the brothers subsequently (subsequent) developed infection.
7．Most people have come to accept the need for conservation (conserve) of natural resources.
8．The sales of electronic products have multiplied (multiply) quickly in the past six months.
维度三 固定搭配和句式
1．While I was walking home (当我正在步行回家时), it began to rain.
2．His opinion is worth considering (值得考虑)．
3．Many species will soon die out (灭绝) if we don't take action.
4．The forest was nearly out of control (失去控制) when suddenly it caught fire.
5．Our polluted earth shows that we don't live in harmony with nature (与自然和睦相处)．
6．It is time that you got rid of your bad habits once and for all (彻底地)．
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