Developing ideas
WHY SHENNONGJIA
Good morning, everyone.[1]It is my great pleasure to give a lecture here on behalf of① the Be at One with Nature Association.
[1]It作形式主语，动词不定式短语to give ...作真正的主语。
As we know, in 2016, Shennongjia made it② onto the UNESCO World Heritage List.But there are so many important places not yet on this list.So you might ask：why Shennongjia Is it its forests [2]that stretch③ on and on like great green seas Is it the legendary④ father of Chinese herbal⑤ medicine, Shennong, [3]after whom the park is named⑥？ [4]Or is it the mysterious⑦ creature called “Yeren” (wild man) that has captured⑧ the imagination of the world
[2]that引导定语从句，修饰名词forests。
[3]after whom引导非限制性定语从句，修饰名词Shennong。
[4]本句为强调句型，强调the mysterious creature called “Yeren” (wild man)；过去分词短语called “Yeren” (wild man) 作后置定语，修饰名词creature。
UNESCO awarded Shennongjia this status⑨ [5]because it meets two criteria⑩ required by the list.It contains a naturally balanced environment [6] that allows the many and various species to live and prosper .It is also one of the rare locations in the world [7]where scientists can observe in real time the ecological and biological processes that occur as the plants and animals develop and evolve .
[5]because引导原因状语从句；过去分词短语required by the list作后置定语，修饰名词criteria。
[6]that引导定语从句，修饰名词environment。
[7]where引导定语从句，修饰名词locations；that引导定语从句，修饰名词processes；as引导时间状语从句。
For the first criterion, Shennongjia is apparently one of the most “complete” natural areas in the world.The region rises from about 400 metres to over 3,000 metres above sea level, [8]giving it the name the “Roof of Central China”．The vast range in altitude results in a great variation in climatic conditions.This allows a wide variety of species to thrive.Some of the plants and animals have survived millions of years, and are regarded as living fossils.
[8]现在分词短语作结果状语。
①on behalf of代表
②make it (经历艰难困苦后)成功；(及时)到达(尤指来得及做某事)
③stretch v．绵延；延伸
④legendary adj.非常著名的；传奇的
⑤herbal adj.用香(药)草制成的
⑥be named after以……命名
⑦mysterious adj.神秘的
⑧capture v．引起(注意、想象、兴趣)
⑨status n．地位；身份
⑩criterion n．标准，准则
criteria (复数)
prosper v．兴旺，发达
rare adj.稀有的，罕见的
ecological adj.生态(学)的
biological adj.生物的，与生物有关的
evolve v．逐渐演变；进化
apparently adv.据说；看来，似乎
vast adj.巨大的；广大的
range n．(变动或浮动的)范围
altitude n．海拔(高度)
result in导致，引起
variation n．差异；变化
a wide variety of各种各样的，种类繁多的
thrive v．茁壮成长
be regarded as被视作；被认为
fossil n．化石
For the second criterion, we can see that Shennongjia has incredible biodiversity.Look at this slide.According to official statistics, over 3,000 plant species have been recorded there.This represents more than ten per cent of China's total floral richness.Shennongjia supports more than 600 vertebrate species, including the Golden Snub nosed Monkey and the Clouded Leopard.Additionally， around 4,300 insect species have been recorded.
[9]It is a challenge to look after so many species. In winter, scientists brave heavy snow and freezing temperatures [10]to supply food to the Golden Snub nosed Monkey.Thanks to their efforts, the monkey's population has doubled since the 1980s.Their number reached over 1,300 in 2015 and continues to grow.
[9]It作形式主语，动词不定式短语to look after so many species作真正的主语。
[10]动词不定式短语作目的状语。
But the most impressive aspect of Shennongjia is the local people, [11]who take things from nature without causing damage.I visited a local village [12]which is known for its home made honey.[13]What is special about the honey is that it is produced by the earliest species of Chinese bee.Every spring, the villagers place beehives around their houses [14]to attract these wild bees from the forest.Although endangered elsewhere in China due to the invasion of foreign species, the bees of Shennongjia have coexisted with the local people for centuries.By providing the bees with a secure home, the villagers collect their honey in return.This is just one of the ways [15]in which people of Shennongjia live and work in harmony with nature.
[11]who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰the local people。
[12]which引导定语从句，修饰a local village。
[13]what引导主语从句；that引导表语从句。
[14]动词不定式短语作目的状语。
[15]in which引导定语从句，修饰名词ways。
All of this explains [16]why Shennongjia earned — and deserves — its place on the UNESCO World Heritage List, as well as highlighting how understanding, awareness and hard work have contributed towards protecting a unique and wonderful part of our natural world.
[16]why引导宾语从句。
Thank you for listening.Now, does anyone have any questions？
slide n．幻灯片
floral adj.花的
vertebrate n．脊椎动物
additionally adv.此外；另外
brave v．冒(风险，恶劣天气)；勇敢面对
freezing adj.极冷的；冰冻的；冰点以下的
place v．放置，安放
beehive n．蜂房，蜂箱
endangered adj.濒临灭绝的
elsewhere adv.在别处
due to由于，因为
invasion n．涌入
coexist v．共存，共处
secure adj.稳固的；安全的
in return反过来；作为报答
highlight v．强调；突出[参考译文]
为什么是神农架？
大家早上好。我很开心能代表人与自然和谐相处协会在这里发表演讲。
众所周知，神农架在2016年正式入选联合国教科文组织的《世界遗产名录》。世界上重要的地方那么多，但许多都没有被列入该名单。所以你可能会问：为什么是神农架？是因为它拥有像绿色海洋般广袤的森林吗？还是因为它是以中国草药之父神农命名？抑或是叫作“野人”的神秘生物吸引了全世界的目光？
联合国教科文组织让神农架入选是因为它符合入选名录的两项标准：它拥有一个自然平衡的环境，使许多不同的物种得以生存和繁衍。它也是世界上人迹罕至之地，科学家们可以实时观察到植物和动物发展和进化过程中的生态学和生物学过程。
就第一项标准而言，我们可以自豪地说神农架是世界上最“完整”的自然区域之一。该地区的海拔从大约400米上升到3,000多米，被称为“华中屋脊”。海拔的巨大差异导致了迥然不同的气候环境，使得大量不同的物种得以繁衍生息。一些动植物生存了数百万年，被视为活化石。
对于第二个标准，我们可以看到神农架有着极丰富的生物多样性。请看这张幻灯片。根据官方统计，在神农架内有记录的植物物种超过3,000种，占到了中国全部开花植物的10%以上。神农架还有600多种脊椎动物，包括川金丝猴和云豹。此外，有记录的昆虫物种也达到了4,300种左右。
照顾如此多的物种是一项挑战。冬季，科学家们不畏暴雪和严寒为川金丝猴提供食物。也正是因为他们的付出，川金丝猴的数量相比于20世纪80年代增加了一倍，到2015年达到1,300多只，而且其数量还在持续增长。
不过神农架给人印象最深的地方还在于当地人的生活方式，他们从大自然中索取，但不会破坏生态平衡。我去了一个以自制蜂蜜而闻名的当地村庄参观。这种蜂蜜的独特之处在于它是由最古老的一种中华蜜蜂产的。每年春天，村民们就会在自家周围放置一些蜂箱，吸引森林中的野生蜜蜂。虽然在中国的其他地区，由于外来物种入侵，这种蜜蜂濒临灭绝，但是神农架的人们和这种蜜蜂已经共存了几个世纪，村民为它们提供安全住所，蜜蜂为人们提供蜂蜜。这只是神农架的村民与自然和谐相处的方式之一。
以上这些解释了为什么神农架能够并理应入选联合国教科文组织的《世界遗产名录》，同时也强调了人们的理解、认识和付出是如何促进对这一自然界独特且美好区域的保护的。
感谢大家的聆听。现在大家有什么问题吗？
Step One：Pre reading
Think about what ecosystems there are in your local area.Work in groups and choose one of the ecosystems in your area to find out the following information.
□ Location
□ Human activity
□ Climate
□ Human impact
□ Plants and animals
(Answers may vary.)
Step Two：While reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
Read the passage quickly and choose the best answer.
The text mainly tells us .
A．what Shennongjia is famous for
B．what are protected in Shennongjia
C．why people like to travel in Shennongjia
D．why Shennongjia is listed on the heritage list
答案：D
Ⅱ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1．Which of the following is NOT true
A．Shennongjia is a UNESCO World Heritage.
B．Shennongjia has “Yeren”．
C．Shennongjia is named after Shennong.
D．Shennongjia has a great green sea.
2．How many criteria does Shennongjia meet as a world heritage
A．1. B．2.
C．3. D．4.
3．Why are there so many species in Shennongjia
A．Because of its long history.
B．Because of its location.
C．Because of its vast altitude.
D．Because of people's protection.
4．What do scientists do in winter to protect the monkeys
A．Provide food for monkeys.
B．Bring monkeys back indoors.
C．Warm the place where the monkeys live.
D．Get some statistics from the monkeys.
答案：1～4 DBCA
Step Three：Post reading
阅读课文内容， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Good morning, everyone.It is my great pleasure to give a lecture here 1.on behalf of the Be at One with Nature Association.
In 2016, Shennongjia 2.made (make) it onto the UNESCO World Heritage List.But there are so many important places not yet on this list.So people might ask：why Shennongjia UNESCO awarded Shennongjia this status because it meets two criteria 3.required (require) by the list.For the first criterion, Shennongjia is 4.apparently (apparent) one of the most “complete” natural areas in the world.For 5.the second criterion, we can see that Shennongjia has incredible biodiversity, but it is a challenge 6.to look (look) after so many species.The most impressive aspect of Shennongjia is the local people, 7.who take things from nature without 8.causing (cause) damage.They manage to live and work in harmony with nature.All of this explains why Shennongjia earned — and deserves — its place on the UNESCO World Heritage List, as well as highlighting how understanding, 9.awareness (aware) and hard work have contributed towards protecting a unique and wonderful part of our 10.natural (nature) world.
That's all.Thank you for listening.Now, does anyone have any questions
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．the visual arts 视觉艺术
2．have a high social status 拥有很高的社会地位
3．the main criterion 主要的标准
4．coexist peacefully with neighbors
与邻居和睦相处
5．go elsewhere 去别处
6．a secure job 一份稳定的工作
7．live at high altitude 生活在高海拔地区
8．fossil fuels 化石燃料
9．the annual tourist invasion 一年一度游客的涌入
10．Chinese way of greeting 中国人打招呼的方式
11．Don't compare your disadvantages with his pared with him, you are more easy going.By comparison, I think more people will be willing to make friends with you.(compare)
12．This kind of flower is rare, and rarely do I see it.(rare)
13．Some natural mysteries of the ancient times are still mysterious to people today.(mystery)
14．He drove so fast that I really felt my life was in danger.So I told him driving fast was dangerous and if he didn't slow down, he would endanger our lives.(danger)
15．It is apparent that he is telling a lie, and Anna apparently doesn't believe it.(apparent)
1．以ing结尾的名词集合
①warning 警告
②feeling 感觉；感情
③meaning 意思；含义
④greeting 问候；致意
⑤suffering 痛苦；苦难
⑥training 训练
2．带where的单词有哪些？
①somewhere 在某处；到某处
②anywhere 在(或去)任何地方
③nowhere 无处；哪里都不
④everywhere 处处，到处
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．On behalf of (代表) my family, I would like to extend our warmest welcome to you.
2．The bridge was named after (以……命名) the hero who gave his life to the cause of the people.
3．He sent me a gift; I should give him something in return (作为报答)．
4．I don't think we'll make it (成功), but let's try anyway.
5．A variety of (各种) heavy industries grew up alongside the port.
6．The singer is regarded as (被视作) a representative of her generation.
Ⅲ.典型句式
1．[教材原句] Or is it the mysterious creature called “Yeren” (wild man) that has captured the imagination of the world
[句式分析] 强调句型
[佳句仿写] Was it Paul who/that broke the window just now
刚刚是保罗打破了窗户吗？
2．[教材原句] UNESCO awarded Shennongjia this status because it meets two criteria required by the list.
[句式分析] 过去分词短语作后置定语
[佳句仿写] Is this the book recommended by the teacher
这是老师推荐的那本书吗？
1．comparison n．比较
(教材P56)Data, examples and comparisons are then used to support the main ideas.
然后，数据、示例和比较被用来支持主要思想。
(1)by comparison 相比之下，相比较而言
in comparison with 与……相比较
(2)compare v. 比较；匹敌；比喻；相比
n. 比较
compare ...with ... 把……和……相比较
compare ...to ... 把……比作……
compared to/with ... 和……相比(通常作状语)
beyond/without compare 无与伦比，举世无双
(经典佳句)No man is happy but by comparison.
人的幸福都是比较而言的。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①By comparison (compare), the second half of the game was dull.
②Don't compare your strength with others' weakness, which is meaningless.
③It seemed a small challenge compared (compare) to the one I was about to face, but things started to go wrong right from the beginning.
④When comparing (compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing many similarities.
⑤Teachers are often compared to candles because their devotion to work is beyond/without compare.
[写美] 一句多译
⑥与你的房间相比，我的房间小得多。
→In comparison with your room, my room is much smaller.
→Compared with your room, my room is much smaller.
2．rare adj.稀有的，罕见的；珍贵的
(教材P56)It is also one of the rare locations in the world where scientists can observe in real time the ecological and biological processes that occur as the plants and animals develop and evolve.
它也是世界上人迹罕至之地，科学家们可以实时观察到植物和动物发展和进化过程中的生态学和生物学过程。
(1)a rare disease 罕见的疾病
a rare book/coin/stamp 珍贵的书/硬币/邮票
a rare animal/plant 珍稀动物/植物
(2)rarely adv. 很少，难得
(经典佳句)It is curious that physical courage should be so common in the world and moral courage so rare.
―Mark Twain
我一直好奇，为何身体之勇比比皆是，而精神之勇却如此罕有。——马克·吐温
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Some birds which were once a common sight are now becoming rare (rarely)．
②They were rarely (rare) seen together and certainly did not travel together.
[写美] 句型转换
③I rarely have more than four hours' sleep.
→Rarely do I have more than four hours' sleep.
[名师指津] rarely为否定副词，作状语，位于句首时，其后要使用部分倒装。类似的词还有never, seldom, hardly等。
3．endangered adj.濒临灭绝的
(教材P57)Although endangered elsewhere in China due to the invasion of foreign species, the bees of Shennongjia have coexisted with the local people for centuries.
虽然在中国的其他地区，由于外来物种入侵，这种蜜蜂濒临灭绝，但是神农架的人们和这种蜜蜂已经共存了几个世纪。
(1)endangered animals/plants/species 濒临灭绝的动物/植物/物种
(2)danger n. 危险；风险；威胁
in danger 处于危险之中
(3)endanger v. 危及；危害；使遭危险
(4)dangerous adj. 有危险的，不安全的
(经典佳句)Many measures have been taken to save endangered wildlife in China.
在中国，已经采取了许多措施来挽救濒危的野生动物。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①I'm afraid the mistake will seriously endanger (danger) the future of the company.
②The campaign is trying to make young people understand that drugs are dangerous (danger)．
③His life is in danger because he has lost too much blood.
[写美] 完成句子
④I suggest we should find new ways to protect the endangered animals.
我建议寻找保护濒危动物的新方法。
4．coexist v．共存，共处
(教材P57)Although endangered elsewhere in China due to the invasion of foreign species, the bees of Shennongjia have coexisted with the local people for centuries.
虽然在中国的其他地区，由于外来物种入侵，这种蜜蜂濒临灭绝，但是神农架的人们和这种蜜蜂已经共存了几个世纪。
(1)coexist with ... 和……共存；与……共处
(2)coexistence n. 共存，共处
(经典佳句)How I hope all the countries in the world can coexist with each other peacefully!
我多么希望世界各国能够和平共处！
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Now it is generally accepted that the countries with different social systems can coexist peacefully with each other.
②After the war, the two countries enjoyed a period of peaceful coexistence (coexist)．
[写美] 完成句子
③Human must learn to coexist with the nature in harmony.
人类必须学会与大自然和谐共处。
1．句型公式：强调句型
(教材P56)Or is it the mysterious creature called “Yeren” (wild man) that has captured the imagination of the world
抑或是叫作“野人”的神秘生物吸引了全世界的目光？
强调句型基本结构：
(1)陈述句式：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who(强调部分为主语，指人)＋句子其余成分。
(2)一般疑问句式：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其余成分？
(3)特殊疑问句式：疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋句子其余成分？
(4)含有not ...until ...的句式：It is/was not until＋强调部分＋that＋非强调部分。
(经典佳句)It is stability that destroys people's ambition and barricades people's steps.
正是稳定摧毁了人们的雄心壮志，阻碍了人们的脚步。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
②Was it Mary that you met in the street yesterday
③Where was it that you met each other for the first time
[写美] 句型转换
④I didn't realize that she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
→It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized that she was a famous film star.(强调句型)
2．句型公式：过去分词短语作定语
(教材P56)UNESCO awarded Shennongjia this status because it meets two criteria required by the list.
联合国教科文组织让神农架入选是因为它符合入选名录的两项标准。
(1)过去分词作定语时，与所修饰的名词、代词构成被动关系。
(2)单个的过去分词作定语时，常常置于所修饰的名词前；而过去分词短语作定语时，常常置于所修饰的名词之后。
(经典佳句)The concert given by the symphony was a great success.
该交响乐团举行的音乐会大获成功。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①The injured (injure) workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
②The witnesses questioned (question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
③The skill of papermaking, recognized (recognize) as a national treasure, has also proven to be an international one.
[写美] 句型转换
④Peking Opera, which is considered to be a national treasure, has a history of more than 200 years.
→Peking Opera, considered to be a national treasure, has a history of more than 200 years.(改为分词作定语)
维度一 品句填词
1．We must raise the political and social status (地位) of teachers.
2．She exchanged a few words of greeting (问候) with the guests.
3．Atmospheric pressure decreases with increase in altitude (海拔) and so does the density of the atmosphere.
4．Information must be stored so that it is secure (安全的) from accidental deletion.
5．They were living rather well, in comparison with people elsewhere (在别处) in the world.
6．Take a nap after a heavy study session (一段时间) to allow your brain to rest.
7．The survey found a wide variation (差异，变化) in the prices charged for canteen food.
8．The method is easy to be used and can attain better visual (视觉的) effect.
9．Our foreign policy is to coexist with other countries in the world peacefully.
10．A fossil is the hard remains of a prehistoric animal or plant that are found inside a rock.
维度二 词形转换
1．It's difficult to make a comparison (compare) with her previous book — they are completely different.
2．Opportunities rarely (rare) ever come knocking on the door of someone who's not seeking them.
3．We are born to explore a mysterious (mystery) world inside ourselves.
4．You have to meet three criteria (criterion) if you want to work in our company.
5．The invasion (invade) of tourists brought the summer resort to life.
6．China is doing the best that it can to save its biological (biology) diversity.
7．Apparently (apparent), the girls are not at all amused by the story.
8．The koala is listed among Australia's endangered (endanger) animals.
维度三 固定搭配和句式
1．The machine is named after its inventor (以它的发明者命名)．
2．Please allow me to thank you for your offer of help on behalf of (代表) my colleagues.
3．I feel strongly that I can make it (成功) as long as I try my best.
4．Usually, the dove is regarded as (被视作) a symbol of peace.
5．The window broken by the boy (这个男孩打破的窗户) has been repaired.
6．It is only in May that (只有在五月) you can see this kind of flower.
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13Developing ideas
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Seeds on Ice
Close to the North Pole, the remote and rocky plateau mountain in the Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard seems an unlikely spot for any global effort to safeguard agriculture.In this cold and deserted environment, no grains, no gardens, no trees can grow.Yet at the end of a 130 meter long tunnel cut out of solid stone is a room filled with humanity's most precious treasure, the largest and most diverse seed collection — more than a half billion seeds.
A quiet rescue mission is under way.With growing evidence that unchecked climate change will seriously affect food production and threaten the diversity of crops around the world, the Svalbard Global Seed Vault represents a major step towards ensuring the preservation of hundreds of thousands of crop varieties.This is a seed collection, but more importantly, it is a collection of the traits found within the seeds：the genes that give one variety resistance to a particular pest and another variety tolerance for hot, dry weather.
Few people will ever see or come into contact with the contents of this vault.In sealed boxes, behind multiple locked doors, monitored by electronic security systems, enveloped in below zero temperatures, and surrounded by tons of rock, hundreds of millions of seeds are protected in their mountain fortress.Frozen in such conditions inside the mountain，seeds of most major crops will remain viable for hundreds of years, or longer.Seeds of some are capable of retaining their ability to grow for thousands of years.
Everyone can look back now and say that the Seed Vault was a good and obvious idea, and that of course the Norwegian government should have approved and funded it.But back in 2004, when the Seed Vault was proposed, it was viewed as a crazy, impractical, and expensive idea.
We knew that nothing would provide a definite guarantee.But we were tired, fed up, and frankly scared of the steady losses of crop diversity.The Seed Vault was built by optimists who wanted to do something to preserve options so that humanity and the crops might be better prepared for change.If it simply resupplied seed gene banks with samples those gene banks had lost, this would repay our efforts.
The Seed Vault is about hope and commitment — about what can be done if countries come together and work cooperatively to accomplish something significant, long lasting, and worthy of who we are and wish to be.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了种子基因库，也就是为未来的农业储存多种种子的地方。
1．What's the Seed Vault according to the passage
A．A tunnel where the collected seeds are displayed.
B．A stone room that contains the seeds of endangered crops.
C．A seed gene bank that stores diverse seeds for future agriculture.
D．A lab where researchers study how to maintain the diversity of crops.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段的内容及第二段中的the Svalbard Global Seed Vault represents a major step towards ensuring the preservation of hundreds of thousands of crop varieties可知，the Seed Vault是一个种子基因库，储存不同的种子备未来之用。故选择C项。
2．What does the underlined word “viable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Mature. B．Clean.
C．Alive. D．Valuable.
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的Seeds of some are capable of retaining their ability to grow for thousands of years.可知，有些种子能保持数千年的生长能力。所以画线词的意义应与之一致，即“可生存的”。故选择C项。
3．What does the third paragraph mainly tells us
A．How the seeds are preserved.
B．Where people keep the seeds.
C．Why the seeds are protected.
D．What people do to study the seeds.
解析：选A 段落大意题。根据第三段中的In sealed boxes, behind multiple locked doors, monitored by electronic security systems, enveloped in below zero temperatures, and surrounded by tons of rock可知，该段主要介绍种子基因库的储存条件，故选择A项。
4．What can we learn from the passage
A．The Seed Vault offers a solution to climate change.
B．Most countries took part in rescuing the seed varieties.
C．The Seed Vault guarantees to prevent the loss of crop diversity.
D．Many people originally considered building the Seed Vault unwise.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，回过头来看，现在每个人都可以说种子库显而易见是一个好主意，挪威政府当然应该批准并资助它。但早在2004年，当种子库这个想法被提出的时候，它被认为是一个疯狂、不切实际和昂贵的想法。由此推断D项正确。
B
Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river.People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million.But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time.Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight.In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness (荒野)．But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.
Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris.People went there for gold.They travelled over snow covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers.The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warming.An avalanche (雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people.For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip.Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich.About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.
But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable.Necessities like food and wood were very expensive.But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found.The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.Today, people still come and go — to see where the Canadian gold rush happened.Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City — its present population is 762.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加拿大城市道森市的兴衰史。
5．What attracted the early settlers to New York City
A．Its business culture.
B．Its small population.
C．Its geographical position.
D．Its favourable climate.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第一段前两句可知，人们选择在河边或港口设城是因为交通方便，便于做生意。而纽约就是在哈德森河口附近的一个大港口，故纽约吸引早期移民的原因是它的地理位置。
6．What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson
A Two thirds of them stayed there.
B．One out of five people got rich.
C．Almost everyone gave up.
D．Half of them died.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第二段中Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich.About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.可知，在最初挖黄金的20,000人中有4,000人变富有，所以是五分之一的人变富了。
7．What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson
A．They found the city too crowded.
B．They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.
C．They were unable to stand the winter.
D．They were short of food.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come可知，人们离开Dawson的主要原因是听说在阿拉斯加发现了黄金。由此可以推断出，这些人匆忙离开这里去阿拉斯加是要去碰碰运气，寻找发财的机会。
8．What is the text mainly about
A．The rise and fall of a city.
B．The gold rush in Canada.
C．Journeys into the wilderness.
D．Tourism in Dawson.
解析：选A 主旨大意题。本文第一段第一句话提出一个城市之所以在那个地方通常是有其充分的理由的，第二段介绍了该城市兴起的原因，第三段介绍了人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况，所以全文论述了Dawson这个城市的发展起伏。故选A项。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
California will be the first state to ban the sale and manufacture of new fur products. 1 It will go into effect on 1 January 2023.
California's fur law was one of several bills designed to prevent cruelty to animals.“California is a leader when it comes to animal protection and today that leadership includes banning the sale of fur，” said Governor Newsom in a news report.“ 2 We are making a statement to the world that beautiful wild animals like bears and tigers have no place on trapeze (高空秋千) wires or jumping through flames.” 3 More than a dozen European countries, including the United Kingdom, Austria, Norway and the Netherlands have also passed laws to limit the fur trade.
4 “The signing of the ban shows the point that today's customers simply don't want wild animals to suffer extreme pain and fear while keeping up with the fashion，” said Kitty Block, president and CEO of The Humane Society of the United States and president of Humane Society International.Not everyone, however, was pleased with the ban.Banning the killing of animals for their fur means killing the fur business, says Hyatt, an owner of a fur store. 5
Many retailers are also ending fur sales.In mid October, Macy's (American's department store) announced it will stop fur from all its stores by the end of 2020.The stores will also close all fur vaults and salons.Other fashion brands such as Prada, Gucci, Michael Kors and Burberry have taken similar steps in recent years.
A．But we are doing more than that.
B．California is taking the lead in protecting animals.
C．Similar laws have been carried out globally already.
D．And that in turn will leave many people unemployed.
E．Two other California cities had already banned fur sales.
F．Not surprisingly, the ban is welcomed by animal rights activists.
G．The ban applies to clothing, shoes, handbags and other things that contain fur.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了加州通过了一项禁止销售和生产新毛皮产品的法律及对其实施后可能出现的问题的探讨。
1．选G 结合空前句可知，加州将是第一个禁止销售和生产新毛皮产品的州。因此，接下来讲述的是这个禁令适用于哪些产品。G项(该禁令适用于服装、鞋子、手提包和其他含有毛皮的物品)符合文意。
2．选A 根据上文可知，加州在动物保护方面所做的措施增加了禁止销售毛皮的细节；根据空后句可知，像熊和老虎这样珍贵的野生动物，不应该出现在空中飞人的钢丝上，也不应该在火焰中跳跃。因此，本空论述的是在单纯的禁止销售毛皮措施外，加州也向全世界宣告保护野生动物的重要性。A项(但我们做的远不止这些)符合文意。
3．选C 结合空后句可知，十多个欧洲国家，包括英国、奥地利、挪威和荷兰，也通过了限制毛皮贸易的法律。因此，本空内容是讲述除了加州之外，还有其他国家也通过了类似的法律。C项(类似的法律已经在全球范围内实施)符合文意。
4．选F 根据空后表示转折的句子Not everyone, however, was pleased with the ban.可知，本句应讲述的人们对于这个禁令的赞同。F项(毫不奇怪，这项禁令受到动物权利保护者的欢迎)和空处后的细节形成呼应。
5．选D 结合空前句可知，禁止猎杀动物获取毛皮意味着扼杀毛皮生意。作为顺承关系，本句理应讲到的是扼杀皮毛生意之后的其他结果。D项(这反过来会导致很多人失业)符合文意。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你校绿社 (the Green Club) 将向附近农场社区发出“Say No to Chemical Fertilizers”的倡议，请你以社长的名义用英语写一封倡议书，主要内容包括：
1．简述倡议内容；
2．阐明倡议理由；
3．号召大家响应。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear ladies and gentlemen，
The Green Club
参考范文：
Dear ladies and gentlemen，
Are you passionate about our farm community Then we'd love you to join the team of Say No to Chemical Fertilizers.That way you'll help raise people's awareness of environmental protection.
By motivating people not to use chemical fertilizers, you can create greener farm communities, which will benefit future generations.You don't need to buy expensive equipment, just turning chemical fertilizers into green fertilizers.
To create a more beautiful and livable community, on behalf of the Green Club, we sincerely appeal to you for your involvements.
The Green Club
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A鱼
