Starting out & Understanding ideas
HOW DO BIRDS SPEND THE WINTER
The weather gets colder, days get shorter and leaves turn color and fall off the trees.Soon, winter is here.People live in warm houses and wear heavy coats outside.But what happens to the birds Birds do many different, amazing things to get through the winter.Some of them “migrate”．This means they travel to other places where the weather is warmer or they can find food.
Many birds migrate in the fall.Because the trip can be dangerous, some travel in large flocks.For example, geese fly in noisy, “V” shaped groups.Other kinds of birds fly alone.
How do they know when it is time to leave for the winter Scientists are still studying this.Many see migration as part of a yearly cycle of changes a bird goes through.The cycle is controlled by changes in the amount of daylight and the weather.
Birds can fly very long distances.For example, the Arctic tern (北极燕鸥) nests close to the North Pole (北极) in the summer.In autumn, it flies south all the way to Antarctica (南极)．Each spring it returns north again.Most birds migrate shorter distances.But how do they find their way to the same place each year Birds seem to navigate like sailors once did, using the sun, moon and stars for direction.They also seem to have a compass in their brain for using the Earth's magnetic field.
[理解] Read the passage and answer the following questions.1. What kind of places are suitable for birds to live in winter The places where the weather is warmer or they can find food are suitable for birds to live in winter.2. Why do some birds fly in groups Because the trip can be dangerous.3. What are the possible reasons why birds can find their way to the same place each year First, birds seem to navigate like sailors once did, using the sun, moon and stars for direction.Second, they also seem to have a compass in their brain for using the Earth's magnetic field. [积累] 1．get through the winter 过冬2．migrate v. 迁徙3．in large flocks 成群结队地4．cycle n. 循环5．the Earth's magnetic field 地球磁场
Section ⅠStarting out & Understanding ideas
The Wild Within
The crime① took place② in a seaside③ suburb④ of Cape Town.[1]Spotting⑤ the car with its window left open, the greedy⑥ thief⑦ didn't hesitate.Within seconds⑧， he had reached inside and run away with a bag of shopping.[2]No matter how many crimes he committed⑨， the police were powerless to arrest him.You see, this was no ordinary criminal⑩：it was a chacma baboon .Once almost unheard of, scenes like this one in Cape Town are now common all over the world.With foxes in London, mountain lions in San Francisco and wild pigs in Hong Kong, it is almost [3]as if our cities are being taken over by wild animals.
[1]现在分词短语作时间状语。
[2]No matter how引导让步状语从句。
[3]as if引导表语从句，as if意为“似乎，好像”。
People often wonder about the reasons behind this mass urban migration.Most of us would assume that urban development and climate change are responsible for pushing the animals out of their natural habitats.[4]However true this is, we also need to consider that some of these so called “urban animals” have never moved at all — [5]it's we humans who have moved into their territory .[6]Wherever they go, animals find towns and cities in their way.With nowhere else to make their homes, they have no choice but to move in with us.
[4]However引导让步状语从句。
[5]本句为强调句型，强调主语we humans。
[6]Wherever引导让步状语从句。
Yet, for its newest and wildest inhabitants ， a city can offer many benefits.[7]As our cities become greener, they offer increasingly appealing spaces to animals [8]looking for new habitats.Out of reach from many of their natural predators， these newcomers often flourish in their new city lives.Today, foxes can be seen all over London — one even being found living on the 72nd floor of the Shard building when it was under construction！ What's more, hungry animals are finding plenty to eat in our gardens and in the leftovers [9]we throw away.
[7]As引导时间状语从句，as意为“随着”。
[8]现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词animals。
[9]we throw away为定语从句，修饰名词leftovers，从句省略关系代词that/which。
One thing crucial to the increasing number of “urban animals” is their ability to adapt.There is evidence [10]that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins, [11]as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other containers which they would not find in the wild.Some animals have even changed their living habits to fit in with their new homes.Although naturally active at night, urban foxes come out in daylight if the reward is good enough.Their city location also means that they are getting a taste for the multicultural cuisine on offer from the garbage， such as hamburgers, lamb kebabs and even garlic bread!
[10]that引导同位语从句，作名词evidence的同位语。
[11]as引导原因状语从句；which引导定语从句，修饰other containers。
①crime n．罪，罪行
②take place 发生；举行
③seaside adj.海滨的
④suburb n．郊区，城郊
⑤spot v．注意到；发现
⑥greedy adj.贪婪的，贪心的
⑦thief n．小偷，贼
⑧within seconds几秒钟之内
⑨commit v．犯(错误或罪行)
⑩criminal n．罪犯
chacma baboon 南非大狒，大狒狒
fox n．狐狸
take over占领；接管
urban adj.城镇的，城市的
assume v．假定，假设；认为
be responsible for 是造成……的原因；为……负责
territory n．地盘；领地
have no choice but to do 别无选择只能……
inhabitant n．栖息动物；居民
appealing adj.有吸引力的
look for寻找
predator n．掠食动物，捕食性动物
newcomer n．新来者
flourish v．生长茂盛，兴盛
under construction (正在)修建中
leftover n．吃剩的食物，残羹剩饭；遗留物，残存物
throw away扔掉
crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的
racoon n．浣熊
figure out理解，弄清楚
container n．容器
fit in with 适合；与……一致
on offer 提供的，供使用的；待售的
garbage n．垃圾
lamb n．羔羊肉
kebab n．烤(肉)串
garlic n．(大)蒜
For those animals [12]that don't adapt, the city can be a dangerous or even deadly place.Unable to distinguish between blue sky and glass, birds crash into windows at speeds of about 50 kilometres per hour.Recent studies estimate that between 400 million and 1 billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone.Shockingly, these deaths amount to around ten per cent of the total US bird population.Some species are more affected than others.One theory behind this is [13]that these birds have yet to change their migratory routes that take them through cities with high rise buildings.
[12]that引导定语从句，修饰those animals。
[13]第一个that引导表语从句；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰名词routes。
[14]However they adapt to our ways of urban living, [15]it's important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours.[16]Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats. [17]Whatever the reasons behind these species entering our cities, one thing is for sure — as it's often a means of their survival, they could be with us to stay.
[14]However引导让步状语从句。
[15]it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语。
[16]本句为“only＋状语”置于句首引起的部分倒装句。
[17]Whatever引导让步状语从句。
deadly adj.致命的，致死的
distinguish v．区分，辨别
crash into撞上
at speeds of以……的速度
estimate v．估计，估算
die from死于
amount to 等同；接近；总计
migratory adj.迁徙的
appreciate v．欣赏；赏识
for sure肯定地；无疑地[参考译文]
城中的野生动物
在开普敦的一个海滨郊区发生了一起犯罪活动。贪婪的窃贼在发现有辆车的车窗未关后，没有丝毫犹豫。几秒之间，他把手伸进车窗，抓出一袋东西逃之夭夭。不论他犯罪多少次，警方都无法抓捕到他。要知道，这可不是普通的罪犯：它是一只大狒狒。以前，在开普敦发生的这种事几乎闻所未闻，但现在这种事在世界各地都时有发生。伦敦出现了狐狸，旧金山出现了美洲狮，香港出现了野猪，我们的城市就像是被野生动物给占领了。
人们总想知道这种大规模城市迁徙背后的原因。我们大多数人会认为，城市发展和气候变化是造成这些动物离开其自然栖息地的原因。无论事实如何，我们必须得明白，在这些所谓的“城市动物”中，有一些根本就没有迁徙过——是我们人类搬到了它们的领地里。动物不论走到哪里，都发现有城镇拦路。既然没有别处可以安家，它们别无选择，只好搬来和我们一起住。
不过，城市可以给这些最新的也是最野生的居民许多好处。随着我们的城市绿化越来越好，它们越来越吸引着寻找新栖息地的动物。由于远离自然界中的许多天敌，这些新来者往往在新城市生活中蓬勃发展。现在，伦敦随处都可以见到狐狸——有一只甚至生活在当时在建的夏德大厦72楼！而且，饥饿的动物们从我们的花园里和我们扔掉的垃圾中找寻到大量的食物。
对这些越来越多的“城市动物”来说，适应能力是关键。有证据显示，和野生的浣熊相比，城市里的浣熊更聪明，因为它们时常要想办法解决难题，比如怎么打开垃圾桶以及其他它们在野外不会见到的容器。为了适应新的家园，有些动物甚至改变了习性。尽管狐狸天生昼伏夜出，但如果回报足够丰厚，城市里的狐狸会在白天出来。城市的位置也意味着它们可以吃到来自垃圾里的多元文化的菜肴，比如汉堡包、烤羊肉串甚至香蒜面包！
对无法适应环境的动物来说，城市是个危险甚至致命的地方。无法分辨蓝天和玻璃的鸟类会以每小时50千米的速度撞向窗户。近期研究估计，仅在美国，每年就有4亿到10亿只鸟因撞向窗户而亡。令人震惊的是，这一死亡数量约占全美鸟类总量的10%。有些种类的鸟受此影响更大。一种理论认为，这些鸟类的迁徙路线让它们穿过这些有高楼大厦的城市，而它们还没有调整路线。
不论它们如何适应我们的城市生活，更好地理解甚至学会欣赏我们的野生邻居是非常重要的。只有那时，我们才能展望与它们和谐分享城市栖息地的未来。无论这些物种进入我们城市的原因是什么，有一件事是肯定的——既然它们这么做通常是为了生存，那么它们就可以留下来和我们一起生活。
Step One：Pre reading
Look at the title of the passage and the picture in the textbook.Think about what the title means and what problems these animals could encounter in cities.
The title means the wild animals within the cities.These animals may have difficulties finding food, shelters and mates.If people find them, they may be trapped or killed.
Step Two：While reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
Read the passage quickly and choose the best answer.
The text mainly tells us about .
A．living with wild animals
B．the protection of the habitats
C．the wild animals' moving into cities
D．the protection of wild animals
答案：C
Ⅱ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1．Why did the wild animals move into the cities
A．Humans have entered their territory.
B．City life is better than country life.
C．The climate has never changed.
D．The cities develop quite slowly.
2．What habitats do the wild animals need
A．Habitats that are coloured green by humans.
B．Habitats like crowded cities without pollution.
C．Habitats being green, safe and having enough food.
D．Habitats having many leftovers thrown by humans.
3．What keeps the urban animals alive in the cities
A．The food given by humans.
B．The protection from humans.
C．The environment of the cities.
D．The ability to adapt to new life.
4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To show his love for the wild animals.
B．To introduce the new neighbours in cities.
C．To share his experience of living with the wild animals.
D．To appeal to humans to live in harmony with the wild animals.
答案：1～4 ACDD
Step Three：Post reading
阅读课文内容， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
People often wonder about the reasons behind wild animals' mass urban 1.migration (migrate)．Most of us would assume that urban development and climate change are responsible 2.for pushing the animals out of their natural habitats.With nowhere else to make their homes, they have no choice but 3.to move (move) in with us.
As our cities become greener, they offer increasingly appealing spaces to animals 4.looking (look) for new habitats.One thing crucial to the increasing number of “urban animals” 5.is (be) their ability to adapt.There is evidence 6.that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins, as they 7.frequently (frequent) have to figure out difficult problems that they would not have in the wild.
For those animals that don't adapt, the city can be a 8.dangerous (danger) or even deadly place.Between 400 million and 1 billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone.Some species 9.are affected (affect) more seriously than others because they have yet to change their migratory routes that take them through cities with high rise buildings.
However they adapt to our ways of urban living, 10.it is important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours.
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．an increase in violent crime 暴力犯罪活动的增加
2．a seaside city 一座海滨城市
3．a suburb of London 伦敦郊区
4．run after the thief 追赶小偷
5．do damage to both urban and rural environments
对城乡环境造成破坏
6．take out the garbage 把垃圾拿出去
7．a crucial factor 一个关键性的因素
8．the flavour of the garlic 大蒜的味道
9．restrict the number of visitors 限制游客的数量
10．commit robbery 犯抢劫罪
11．He is a greedy man.Nothing can stop his greed for money.(greed)
12．I really appreciate your timely help, so please allow me to show my appreciation.(appreciate)
13．It is estimated that he will win the match but many people don't agree with the estimation.(estimate)
14．The container is too small and it can only contain about 100 ml water.(contain)
1．以side结尾的词
①countryside 乡村
②lakeside 湖边
③roadside 路边
④alongside 在……旁边；沿着……边
⑤outside 在外面
⑥inside 在里面
2．“主要的，重要的”形容词集合
①important ②crucial
③essential ④chief
⑤significant ⑥main
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．Some shops and supermarkets usually throw away (扔掉) unsold food before 8 pm.
2．It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place (举行) next week.
3．The new international airport is still under construction (正在修建中)．
4．Forty thousand children die from (死于) preventable diseases a day.
5．Don't brake suddenly or the car behind may crash into (撞上) your car.
6．Even to this day we don't know what happened for sure (肯定地)．
7．No one could figure out (弄清楚) how he got to be so wealthy.
8．Production of the goods must fit in with (与……一致) the needs of the society.
Ⅲ.典型句式
1．[教材原句] No matter how many crimes he committed, the police were powerless to arrest him.
[句式分析] “no matter＋疑问词”引导的让步状语从句
[佳句仿写] Word always gets out no matter how careful you are.
无论你多么小心，总会有消息走漏。
2．[教材原句] Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats.
[句式分析] “only＋状语”置于句首引起的部分倒装句
[佳句仿写] Only when our theory combines with practice can we make progress.
只有当理论与实践相结合时，我们才能取得进步。
1．commit v．犯(错误或罪行)；自杀；承诺，保证；忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)；花(钱或时间)
(教材P62)No matter how many crimes he committed, the police were powerless to arrest him.
不论他犯罪多少次，警方都无法抓捕到他。
(1)commit an error/a crime/suicide 做错事/犯罪/自杀
commit oneself to (doing) sth. 专心致志于；承诺/保证(做)某事
(2)commitment n. 投入，花费；承诺，许诺，保证；(对工作或某活动的)献身，奉献
make a commitment to sb./sth. 对某人/事作出承诺
(3)committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的
be committed to (doing) sth. 全身心地投入(做)某事，致力于(做)某事
(经典佳句)The Chinese people are peace loving and China is committed to promoting world peace.
中国人民热爱和平，并且中国致力于推动世界和平。
[练透] 一词多义(猜测加彩单词的含义)/单句语法填空
①He committed the crime under the influence of drink.犯(错误或罪行)
②The government has committed large amounts of money to housing projects.花钱
③Both sides committed themselves to settling (settle) the dispute peacefully.
④The company's commitment (commit) to providing quality at a reasonable price has been vital to its success.
⑤He is a good man who is committed to his family as well as to his work.
[写美] 一句多译
⑥一旦你全心投入，你目标的实现就有了保证。
→The achievement of your goal is assured the moment you commit yourself to it.
→The achievement of your goal is assured the moment you are committed to it.
2．container n．容器；集装箱，货柜
(教材P62)There is evidence that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins, as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other containers which they would not find in the wild.
有证据显示，和野生的浣熊相比，城市里的浣熊更聪明，因为它们时常要想办法解决难题，比如怎么打开垃圾桶以及其他它们在野外不会见到的容器。
(1)a plastic/metal container 一个塑料/金属容器
an airtight container 一个密封的容器
a container ship 集装箱船
(2)contain v. 包含，含有；容纳；克制，抑制(感情)
contain oneself 克制自己
(经典佳句)Anger is an acid that does more harm to the container in which it is stored than to any object that touches it.
愤怒是一种酸，它对储存它的容器的伤害大于它对任何接触它的物体的伤害。
[练透] 一词多义(猜测加彩单词的含义)/单句语法填空
①A container is a very large metal or wooden box used for transporting goods so that they can be loaded easily onto ships and lorries.集装箱，货柜
②Put a small amount of the powder into a container and mix with water.容器
③The package containing (contain) a birthday card is given to my mother.
[写美] 完成句子
④I was so angry that I just couldn't contain myself.
我气愤极了，简直无法克制自己。
3．estimate v．估计，估算 n．(对数量、成本等的)估计；估价
(教材P63)Recent studies estimate that between 400 million and 1 billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone.
近期研究估计，仅在美国，每年就有4亿到10亿只鸟因撞向窗户而亡。
(1)estimate sth.at ... 估算某物的价为……，估计某事的数为……
estimate sth.to do 估计……
It is estimated that ... 据估计……
(2)estimation n. (对水平、数量等的)估计；判断，评价
(经典佳句)Loyal in my heart filled with love, I can't estimate their enjoying the wealth.
忠诚的爱情充溢在我的心里，我无法估计自己享有的财富。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①The firm estimated the cost of the new house at ＄10,000.
②At present aircraft emissions are estimated to account (account) for about 2% of the total world CO2 emissions.
③According to rough estimation (estimate), the beautiful vase is worth over a million yuan.
[写美] 完成句子
④It is estimated that the building will be completed in ten months.
据估计，大楼十个月内可以完工。
4．appreciate v．欣赏；赏识；感激，感谢
(教材P63)However they adapt to our ways of urban living, it's important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours.
不论它们如何适应我们的城市生活，更好地理解甚至学会欣赏我们的野生邻居是非常重要的。
(1)appreciate sth./sb. 欣赏/赏识某物/某人
appreciate (sb.) doing sth. 感激(某人)做某事
I would appreciate it if ... 如果……我将不胜感激(it作形式宾语)
(2)appreciation n. 欣赏；感激
(经典佳句)The longer you have to wait for something, the more you will appreciate it when it finally arrives.
越是在漫长等待后到来的东西，越值得我们去珍惜。
[练透] 一词多义(猜测加彩单词的含义)/单句语法填空
①His talents are not fully appreciated in that company.赏识
②Peter stood by me when I most needed it.I'll always appreciate that.感激，感谢
③I really appreciate having (have) the chance to have a talk with you on this topic.
④Here I sincerely express my appreciation (appreciate) if you could help find the lost suitcase.
[写美] 完成句子
⑤I would appreciate it if you can reply to my letter at your earliest convenience.
如果你能在方便时尽快回复我的信件我将感激不尽。
[名师指津] appreciate作“感激，感谢”讲时，其宾语不能直接接人。
5．restrict v．限制，控制；约束
(教材P64)Some environmentalists argue that we should restrict urban development to leave enough natural habitats for wild animals.
一些环保主义者认为，我们应该限制城市发展，为野生动物留下足够的自然栖息地。
(1)restrict sb.to (doing) sth. 约束某人(做)某事
(2)restricted adj. 有限的，受限制的；受控制的，受约束的
be restricted to 限制(在某范围)
(3)restriction n. 限制，约束
(经典佳句)The history of science and technology has proved that too much knowledge and information sometimes hamper and restrict innovation.
科学技术史证明，过多的知识信息有时反倒会妨碍和限制创新。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①We should restrict the number of students per class to 20 to guarantee the teaching quality.
②The use of this kind of drug is restricted (restrict) in many countries.
③There is no restriction (restrict) on the number of people, so you can come to attend the meeting if you like.
[写美] 完成句子
④The speed is restricted to 30 kilometers an hour in this area.
在这个区域，车速被限制为每小时30千米。
句型公式：“only＋状语”置于句首引起的部分倒装句
(教材P63)Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats.
只有那时，我们才能展望与它们和谐分享城市栖息地的未来。
“only＋状语”置于句首时，句子用部分倒装句，其中状语包括：状语从句、介词短语、副词等。
(经典佳句)Only when one loses freedom does one know its value.
一个人只有在失去自由后才知道自由的可贵。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Only then did he realize that he was wrong.
②“Only by shouting am (be) I able to make myself heard，” he said.
③The pilot reassured the passengers.Only then did I realize how dangerous the situation had been.
[写美] 完成句子
④Only then did I understand what she meant.
只有到那时我才明白她的意思。
维度一 品句填词
1．The farm that we visited yesterday is located in the suburb (郊区) of Beijing.
2．Penglai City is a seaside (海滨的) city, located in the northeast of Shandong Province.
3．Winning this contract is crucial (至关重要的) to the success of the company.
4．He must be made to answer for his terrible crime (罪行)．
5．Savings in both urban (城镇的) and rural areas have shown a rapid increase.
6．I asked three building firms to estimate (估算) the repairs to the house.
7．His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage (垃圾) and delivering newspapers.
8．A predator (掠食动物) is an animal that kills and eats other animals.
9．I'd appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
10．He must be a newcomer to town and he obviously didn't understand our local customs.
维度二 词形转换
1．As one of the wealthiest persons in the world, his personal wealth is estimated (estimate) at around ＄90 billion.
2．The police caught two thieves (thief) the day before yesterday.
3．Food will last longer if kept in an airtight container (contain)．
4．The company's success this year would not have been possible without the commitment (commit) and dedication of the staff.
5．Scientists are studying the migratory (migrate) birds to learn their pathways and how they use the environment.
6．In China, the migration (migrate) of millions of young men and women from the countryside to cities is changing family life profoundly.
7．At last, the greedy (greed) man lost all his gold coins and became poor again.
8．I have no choice but to remove (remove) your name from the list.
维度三 固定搭配和句式
1．I'll catch up with you however/no matter how fast you run (无论你跑得多快)．
2．Only after a year's discussion did they finally reach an agreement (他们才最终达成了协议)．
3．A new highway is under construction (正在修建中)between the two towns.
4．It took them about three hours to figure out how to start the machine (搞清楚如何启动这台机器)．
5．Now we have no choice but to put off (别无办法只能推迟) the date of the meeting.
6．Don't tell her about the job until you know for sure (肯定地) — we don't want to raise her hopes.
PAGE
15(共59张PPT)
素养目标
单元知识抢先知
文化意识
必记单词
(主题语境:人与自然——生存)
学会适应环境
eliminate
的变化,冷静面对各
crime
重点短语
种困难,锤炼不屈不 greedy
firefighter
挠的探索精神,树立 thief
react
throw away
正确的人生观和世
commit
monthly take place
界观。
newcomer advanced under construction
思维品质
container
wipe
die from
经典句型
核心语法
强化保护环
nuclear
crash into
境、保护地球的意8bage
1.“ no matter+疑问词”弓
for sure
疑问词+-ever
识,树立与自然和谐
estimate
terrifying
导的让步状语从句
和“ no matter+
相处的观念。
appreciate orbit
figure out
学习能力
restrict
consist
fit in with
2.“only+
状语”置于句首疑问词”引导的
读懂并描述 optimistic infer
bring under contro1引起的部分倒装句
让步状语从句
困境之下的生存
indoors
expose
get rid of
故事,提高自己
3动词不定式短语作表语话题写作
wipe out
的理解能力和表
fuel
dust
4.替代词
达能力。
consumption exposure
consist of
写一篇
语言能力匚> supplement trunk
in the meantime
5. There is no doubt that
生存故事
单元话
题导入
A鱼Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The Boy Made It!
One Sunday, Nicholas, a teenager, went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine.In the early afternoon, when he was planning to go home, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area.Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the path.Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone! He didn't have food, water, a phone, or other supplies.He was getting colder by the minute.
Nicholas had no idea where he was.He tried not to panic.He thought about all of the survival shows he had watched on TV.It was time to put the tips he had learned to use.
He decided to stop skiing.There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed put.The first thing he did was to find shelter from the freezing wind and snow.If he didn't, his body temperature would get very low, which could quickly kill him.
Using his skis, Nicholas built a snow cave.He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle.Then he piled branches on top of himself, like a blanket, to stay as warm as he could.
By that evening, Nicholas was really hungry.He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldn't lose too much water.Not knowing how much longer he could last, Nicholas did the only thing he could — he huddled (蜷缩) in his cave and slept.
The next day, Nicholas went out to look for help, but he couldn't find anyone.He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave, because without shelter, he could die that night.On Tuesday, Nicholas went out again to find help.He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him.After two days stuck in the snow, Nicholas was saved.
Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV.He had often watched Grylls' survival show Man vs Wild.That's where he learned the tips that saved his life.In each episode (一期节目) of Man vs Wild, Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out.
When Grylls heard about Nicholas' amazing deeds, he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了小男孩Nicholas在暴风雪中迷路，他不畏艰难，利用在电视中学到的野外生存知识逃脱困境的故事。
1．What happened to Nicholas one Sunday afternoon
A．He got lost. B．He broke his skis.
C．He hurt his eyes. D．He caught a cold.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的One Sunday, Nicholas, a teenager, went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine.In the early afternoon, when he was planning to go home, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area.及Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone！可知，周日下午Nicholas迷路了，故选A项。
2．How did Nicholas keep himself warm
A．He found a shelter.
B．He lighted some branches.
C．He kept on skiing.
D．He built a snow cave.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，Nicholas保持温暖的方式是建了一个雪洞，故选D项。
3．What did Nicholas do on Tuesday
A．He returned to his shelter safely.
B．He was saved by a volunteer searcher.
C．He got stuck in the snow.
D．He stayed where he was.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第六段中的On Tuesday, Nicholas went out again to find help.He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him.可知，星期二的时候Nicholas被一名志愿搜索者救了，故选B项。
4．Why did Nicholas leave a very deep impression on Grylls
A．Because he did the right things in the dangerous situation.
B．Because he watched Grylls' TV program regularly.
C．Because he created some tips for survival.
D．Because he was very hard working.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive可判断出，Nicholas给Grylls留下了深刻的印象是因为他在危险的情况下做了正确的事情，故选A项。
B
Most people agree that honesty is a good thing.But does Mother Nature agree Animals can't talk, but can they lie in other ways Can they lie with their bodies and behavior Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals.Why Dishonesty often helps them survive.
Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals.For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young.When a predator (猎食动物) gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest.How It pretends to have a broken wing.The predator follows the “hurt” adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.
Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat.Scrub jays are also thieves.They watch where others bury their food and steal it.But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them.So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.
Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work.How They don't make nests.Instead, they get into other birds' nests secretly.Then they lay their eggs and fly away.When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them.
Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other.When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again.But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again.
Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too.When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out.Then other chimps come running.But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food.That way, other chimps don't hear them, and they don't need to share their food.
As children, many of us learn the saying “You can't fool Mother Nature.” But maybe you can't trust her, either.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章通过列举一些鸟类和大猩猩的例子，说明动物有时会撒谎，这也是它们生存的需要。
5．How does a plover protect its young from a predator
A．By getting closer to its young.
B．By driving away the adult predator.
C．By leaving its young in another nest.
D．By pretending to be injured.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young可知，啄木鸟保护孩子不受猎食动物侵害是通过假装受伤，故选D项。
6．What does the sentence “Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky.” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．Chimps are ready to attack others.
B．Chimps are sometimes dishonest.
C．Chimps are jealous of the winners.
D．Chimps can be selfish too.
解析：选B 句意理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知，一位动物专家曾经看到一个输了的黑猩猩抓住获胜的黑猩猩的手又开始打斗了。因此画线句意思是：大猩猩也可能不诚实，故选B项。
7．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.
B．The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand.
C．Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.
D．Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第六段最后两句可知，一些聪明的黑猩猩在找到食物时学会了非常轻柔地叫。这样，其他黑猩猩就听不到它们的声音，它们也不需要分享食物。故选A项。
8．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage
A．Do Animals Lie
B．Does Mother Nature Fool Animals
C．How do Animals Learn to Lie
D．How does Honesty Help Animals Survive
解析：选A 标题归纳题。根据全篇文章的内容和第一段中Can they lie with their bodies and behavior？可知，这篇文章讲的是动物也会撒谎，故选A项。
C
Most people can't wait for spring to arrive.It means flowers and warmer weather, all welcome changes from the dark winter days.Now we know that spring is arriving sooner in the Northern Hemisphere (北半球) than it was in the past, thanks to a study published in Scientific Reports.
For example, Los Angeles may experience spring only a day earlier than it did 10 years ago, but further north, in Seattle or Chicago, spring will arrive four days earlier.If you lived in the Arctic, spring could arrive 16 days earlier than it used to.
To determine how springtime is starting earlier, researchers looked at temperature records and 743 earlier studies over 86 years.These studies were about various biological indicators of spring, including birds migrating, plants flowering and amphibians (两栖动物) sounding their mating calls.Researchers then studied these data to see if they were occurring earlier.The result showed that not only is spring making itself known sooner but it's warmer, too.
Before you go out in a happy springtime hike, spring arriving sooner isn't so good.The livelihood of migratory birds, for instance, may be concerned.
“The food that birds rely on when they move to the north might not be reliable if the beginning of spring at these higher latitudes (维度) is expanded by future warming.” said Eric Post.He is a fellow of the John Muir Institute and a polar ecologist.
Animals relying on Arctic sea ice, like polar bears, probably aren't crazy about things warming up sooner, either, because it impacts on their ability to hunt.Spring's early arrival could cause disorder in the delicate balance of various ecosystems, not to mention how soon you'll need to buy allergy medicine.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项科学新发现——春天比过去来得早，并说明了这个气候新发现对人类和动物的影响。
9．What can we learn from the study published in Scientific Reports
A．Spring comes earliest in Los Angeles.
B．Los Angeles is further north than Seattle.
C．Spring comes 12 days earlier in Arctic than in Chicago.
D．The further north a place lies, the sooner spring comes than before.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的If you lived in the Arctic, spring could arrive 16 days earlier than it used to.可知，越往北的地方，春天来得越早。故选D项。
10．How did researchers make the discovery
A．By comparing related data available.
B．By conducting research and test.
C．By calculating the exact length of each spring.
D．By observing animal's behavior all year round.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的To determine how springtime is starting earlier, researchers looked at temperature records and 743 earlier studies over 86 years.可知，本题应选A项(通过比较可获得的相关数据)。
11．What do the last two paragraphs focus on
A．Concerns over spring's early arrival.
B．Springtime emergence of creatures.
C．Early springtime's impacts on humans.
D．Disorder in the balance of ecosystems.
解析：选A 段落大意题。根据第五段中Eric Post所说可知，如果未来气候变暖导致高纬度地区春季的提前到来，鸟类向北迁徙时所依赖的食物可能就不可靠了。最后一段中最后一句说明了春天的提前到来可能会扰乱各种生态系统脆弱的平衡。即最后两段讲了春天提前到来对动物和人类的不良影响。由此可知，最后两段是对春天提前到来的担忧，故选A项。
12．In which section of a magazine can we read this text
A．Medical Report. B．Survival Stories.
C．Scientific Discoveries. D．Natural Environment.
解析：选C 文章出处题。根据第一段中的Now we know that spring is arriving sooner in the Northern Hemisphere (北半球) than it was in the past, thanks to a study published in Scientific Reports.可知，本文是研究气候变化的新发现。因此本篇文章应来自杂志的“科学发现”专栏，故选C项。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Slash (斜杠) Careers
What is your job？Are you a teacher or a business person？Or maybe you are a lawyer/writer or a teacher/photographer. 1 The term “slash career” comes from the punctuation mark (标点符号) — a slash that comes between job titles.
People with slash careers often have a primary job that provides for most of their needs.The primary job usually comes before the slash. 2 This secondary job can help supplement income.
Why would anyone want more than one job？Some people look to their jobs for opportunities to develop their interests.But most people have too many interests for one job.Secondary jobs can be enjoyable if they include interests that the primary job doesn't touch.Some people who encourage slash careers say they actually help with work life balance. 3
On the other hand, a slash career can be dangerous for work life balance. 4 One might give up necessary things like relaxation, exercise or time with one's family.People with slash careers need to think carefully about how they use their time.This includes knowing when to stop working.
The clear advantage of slash careers is the extra income that secondary jobs provide.It's always helpful to have a little extra money to spend or to save.
5 With a slash career, losing one's job does not mean losing one's entire income.Or a secondary job may be so successful that it can turn into one's primary job.
If your interests stretch beyond your ordinary job, a slash career may work for you.
A．Slash careers provide extra money.
B．Slash careers also make one's life more stable.
C．Taking more than one job can fill up all of your time.
D．If you have more than one job, you have a slash career.
E．It shows the person is creative and willing to work hard.
F．The job after the slash is often based on a person's interests.
G．That's because they can give people an opportunity to express themselves.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。斜杠职业有利有弊。其好处是能发展个人兴趣，增加收入，使生活更稳定；其弊端是可能会打破工作与生活之间的平衡。
1．选D 根据空后一句中的The term “slash career” 并结合语境可知，此处意在为slash career下定义，应选D。
2．选F 根据空前一句中的before the slash可知，本段中的前两句是在介绍斜杠前的主业；F项中的after the slash与空前一句中的before the slash相对应，F项介绍斜杠后的副业，与空后一句相衔接，故F项符合语境。
3．选G 空前一句指出，一些支持从事斜杠职业的人认为斜杠职业可以帮助实现工作与生活的平衡。空处应是对该内容进行进一步的解释。 故G项符合语境。
4．选C 本段主要论述斜杠职业的弊端在于它会打破工作和生活之间的平衡，结合空后一句表述的一个人会因为从事斜杠职业而放弃自己的娱乐、锻炼及与家人在一起的时间可知，C项(从事不止一份工作能占满你的时间)符合语境。
5．选B 此空为段首句，结合文章结构可知此空应是对本段内容的概括。空后的内容表述拥有斜杠职业的话，失业不代表失去了所有的收入来源，副业成功的话甚至可以转为主业。由此可知，斜杠职业可以使人的生活更加稳定，故选B。
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