Developing ideas
Plan B：Life on Mars①？
In the 1960s and 1970s, the greatest fear was [1]that the human race, and possibly all advanced② life forms on the planet, could be wiped③ out by nuclear④ missiles, just at the push of a button⑤.Today, however, environmental problems have taken over as the greatest risk to life on Earth.Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk, such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy⑥.But they are also preparing for the worst：what can we do if the terrifying⑦ scenes in films such as The Day After Tomorrow happen in real life What is our Plan B for Earth
[1]that引导表语从句。
One option is [2]to explore other planets to see if we could live on them.The most likely choice is Mars, [3]which is relatively⑧ close to Earth and has an environment less hostile⑨ than that of other planets.Mars has fascinated⑩ people since ancient times, and today our interest in Martian exploration is greater than ever before.Films such as The Martian enjoy worldwide popularity.More governments and organisations are making efforts to educate the public on the Red Planet, for example, the Mars Desert Research Station in the Utah desert of the US and the Mars Village in North west China's Qinghai Province.
[2]动词不定式短语to explore other planets作表语；动词不定式短语to see if we could live on them作目的状语；if引导宾语从句。
[3]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰名词Mars。
Since the 1960s, we have been sending unmanned spacecraft to Mars.Our probes have orbited the planet, [4]sending back valuable data and stunning images.Our robots have explored the Martian surface, [5]testing the soil and searching for resources, water and signs of life.[6]Encouraged by discoveries over the years, space agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars [7]that could take place within the next 25 years.
[4]现在分词短语作状语。
[5]现在分词短语作伴随状语。
[6]过去分词短语作原因状语。
[7]that引导定语从句，修饰名词missions。
There is no doubt [8]that humankind is drawn towards Mars, with dreams of making it our second home.However, sending people there will require all the skill, courage and intelligence of the human race.[9]While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, [10]travelling through dangerous solar radiation .[11]And even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely, they may not be able to return to Earth — ever.Staying alive will be a daily challenge, but as proved by the Biosphere 2 experiment, not impossible.As early as the 1980s, scientists were building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert.It consisted of a closed space [12]in which people, animals and plants could live together.The “closed” concept meant that the space was designed to function with its own oxygen, food and water, needing nothing from the outside world.Although the two year experiment was not a success, it did provide us with a better understanding of how humans might be able to live on another planet.More recently, scientists have succeeded in growing a variety of plants in an environment similar to that on Mars.That definitely is a big step forward.
[8]that引导同位语从句，对名词doubt作进一步解释。
[9]While意为“而，然而”，表示对比。
[10]现在分词短语作伴随状语。
[11]even if引导让步状语从句，even if意为“即使，尽管”；do强调谓语动词reach。
[12]in which引导定语从句，修饰名词space。
For now, human settlement of Mars is still decades away.In the meantime， scientific research shows that the planet Earth is getting warmer.This change is being caused by human activity and is having a terrible effect on the biosphere.Until we are finally able to live on another planet, we need to take much better care of our own.Right now, it's the only one we have！
①Mars n．火星
②advanced adj.高级的；先进的
③wipe v．擦，拭，揩
wipe out 彻底摧毁，消灭
④nuclear adj.核武器的
nuclear missile核导弹
⑤at the push of a button按一下按钮
⑥renewable energy可再生能源
⑦terrifying adj.极其可怕的，骇人听闻的
⑧relatively adv.相对地
⑨hostile adj.(生长环境)恶劣的
⑩fascinate v．深深吸引，迷住
making efforts努力
unmanned adj.无人驾驶(操纵)的
spacecraft n．航天器，宇宙飞船
orbit v．环绕……运行
stunning adj.极具吸引力的；令人惊奇的
search for搜索，搜寻
sign n．迹象，征兆
agency n．机构；(尤指政府内的)局，部，处
draw v．吸引，使感兴趣
solar radiation太阳辐射
biosphere n．生物圈
consist v．由……组成
consist of由……构成，由……组成
function v．起作用，正常工作，运转
be similar to与……类似
settlement n．移民；殖民；开拓
in the meantime 在此期间，与此同时
have an effect on对……有影响[参考译文]
B计划：在火星上生活？
在20世纪60、70年代，最大的恐惧是，只需按下一个按钮，人类——甚至可能是地球上所有的高级生命体——就可能被核导弹彻底毀灭。然而今天，环境问题已经变成地球上的生命面临的最大威胁。科学家们正在思考降低这一风险的方法，例如用各种可再生能源替代煤炭和石油。但他们也在做最坏的打算：如果《后天》等电影中的恐怖场景发生在现实生活中，我们该怎么办？对地球，我们的B计划是什么？
一种选择是探索其他星球，看看我们能否在上面生活。最有可能的选择是火星，它离地球相对较近，环境不像其他行星那么恶劣。火星自古以来就吸引着人们，我们现在对探索火星的兴趣比以往任何时候都更浓厚。像《火星救援》这样的电影在全世界都很受欢迎。越来越多的政府和组织正在努力对公众进行有关“红色星球”的教育，例如美国犹他州的火星沙漠研究站和中国西北部青海省的火星村。
自20世纪60年代以来，我们一直在向火星发射无人飞船。我们的探测器已经绕火星轨道运行，并发回了宝贵的数据和令人惊叹的图像。我们的机器人已经探索了火星表面，测试了土壤并且在寻找资源、水和生命的迹象。受到多年来这些发现的鼓舞，各国航天机构正计划在未来25年内进行载人飞船登陆火星的任务。
毫无疑问，人类被火星所吸引，梦想着把它作为我们的第二家园。然而，把人类送上火星将要求人类具备所有的技能、勇气和智慧。到达月球只需要几天的时间，而到达火星却需要数月的时间，并且其间要经历危险的太阳辐射。而且即使第一批开拓者安全抵达火星，他们可能永远无法再回到地球。活着将会成为一个日常挑战，但正如“生物圈2号”实验所证明的，这也并非完全不可能。早在20世纪80年代，科学家们就在亚利桑那州的沙漠中建造了“生物圏2号”。它包括一个封闭的空间，人、动物和植物可以生活在一起。“封闭”的概念意味着这个空间被设计成依靠自身的氧气、食物和水来运作，而不需要外界的任何东西。尽管为期两年的实验并不成功，但它确实让我们更好地了解了人类如何能够在另一个星球上生活。最近，科学家们成功地在类似火星的环境中种植了各种各样的植物。这无疑是向前迈出的一大步。
到目前为止，人类要在火星上定居还需要几十年的时间。同时，科学研究表明地球正在变暖。这种变化是由人类活动引起的，而且对生物圈产生了严重的影响。在我们最终能够生活在另一个星球上之前，我们需要更好地保护好我们自己的星球。现在，它是我们唯一一个赖以生存的星球！
Step One：Pre reading
What do you know about the Mars Discuss in groups and write the information you know.
Mars is the second smallest planet in the solar system.Its surface is covered with rocks and the average temperature on Mars is －63℃.
Step Two：While reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
Read the passage quickly and choose the best answer.
The text mainly tells us that .
A．humans saved Mars
B．humans reached Mars
C．humans have settled on Mars
D．humans are trying to explore Mars
答案：D
Ⅱ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1．In the 1960s and 1970s，what was the greatest fear
A．Nuclear missiles.
B．All advanced life forms.
C．Human race themselves.
D．Environmental problems.
2．Why is Mars so attractive to scientists
A．It has fascinated humans recently.
B．It has a more hostile environment.
C．It's relatively close to the earth.
D．Because of some films.
3．Human robots have done some tasks except .
A．searching for water
B．orbiting the planet
C．testing the soil on the Mars
D．exploring the Martian surface
4．How long would it take to reach Mars
A．A few days. B．A few weeks.
C．A few months. D．A few years.
5．Right now, what should we humans do to live safely
A．To protect our earth.
B．To take care of ourselves.
C．To move to another planet.
D．To continue our human activity.
答案：1～5 ACBCA
Step Three：Post reading
阅读课文内容， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Today, environmental problems have become the 1.greatest (great) risk to life on Earth.Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk, but they are also preparing 2.for the worst.One option is 3.to explore (explore) other planets to see if we could live on them.The most likely choice is Mars, which is 4.relatively (relative) close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of other planets.Mars 5.has fascinated (fascinate) people since ancient times, and today our interest in Martian exploration is greater than ever before.Since 6.the 1960s, we have been sending unmanned spacecraft to Mars.
7．Encouraged (encourage) by discoveries over the years, space agencies of various countries are planning manned missions to Mars that could take place within the next 25 years.There is no doubt 8.that humankind is drawn towards Mars, with dreams of making it our second home.However, 9.sending (send) people there will require all the skill, courage and 10.intelligence (intelligent) of the human race.For now, human settlement of Mars is still decades away.Until we are finally able to live on another planet, we need to take much better care of our own.
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．eliminate poverty 消除贫困
2．a brave firefighter 一名勇敢的消防员
3．orbit the sun 围绕太阳运行
4．energy consumption 能源消耗
5．solid fuel 固体燃料
6．nuclear weapons 核武器
7．stay indoors 待在室内
8．infer from his words 从他的话中推断
9．a monthly meeting 每月一次的会议
10．an unmanned spacecraft 一艘无人驾驶的宇宙飞船
11．He is optimistic about life and all of us are impressed by his optimism.(optimist)
12．He reacted badly against the boss' decision, whose reaction was also reacting upon his colleagues.(react)
13．They were terrified at the terrifying news that all the passengers on the bus were killed.(terrify)
14．Determined to learn the advanced technology abroad, he has made advance preparations and applied for a passport in advance.He believes he will make great advances in this field and be far in advance of his classmates.(advance)
以un开头的形容词集锦
①uncertain 不确定的
②unstable 不稳定的
③unwilling 不愿意的
④unsuitable 不合适的
⑤unkind 不友善的
⑥unreasonable 不合理的，荒唐的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．It took the firefighters four hours to bring the fire under control (使火势处于控制之下)．
2．His teaching style is similar to (与……类似) that of most other teachers.
3．It is difficult to get rid of (摆脱) deep rooted habits.
4．The electronic machines allow you to pay at the push of a button (按一下按钮)．
5．The committee consists of (由……组成) six members, four of whom are female.
6．New roads are being built to cope with (应付) the increased volume of traffic.
7．A nuclear weapon may wipe out (彻底摧毁) the whole country.
8．The country was urgently calling for peace while in the meantime (与此同时) secretly doing nuclear tests.
Ⅲ.典型句式
1．[教材原句] One option is to explore other planets to see if we could live on them.
[句式分析] 动词不定式短语作表语
[佳句仿写] Her sole object in life is to become a travel writer.
她人生的唯一目标就是成为一名游记作家。
2．[教材原句] The most likely choice is Mars, which is relatively close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of other planets.
[句式分析] 替代词
[佳句仿写] A dog's intelligence is much greater than that of a cat.
狗的智慧比猫的高得多。
3．[教材原句] There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars, with dreams of making it our second home.
[句式分析] There is no doubt that ...
[佳句仿写] There is no doubt that her marriage is beyond repair.
毫无疑问，她的婚姻无法挽救。
1．advanced adj.高级的；先进的
(教材P68)In the 1960s and 1970s, the greatest fear was that the human race, and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet, could be wiped out by nuclear missiles, just at the push of a button.
在20世纪60、70年代，最大的恐惧是，只需按下一个按钮，人类——甚至可能是地球上所有的高级生命体——就可能被核导弹彻底毀灭。
advance n． 进步，进展
v. 前进；促进
adj. 预先的，在前的
make an advance/advances in 在某方面有进步/发展
in advance (＝ahead of time) 提前
in advance of 在……之前；比……进步
(经典佳句)Our struggle and labor is to constantly put the advanced ideals into realities.
我们的斗争和劳动就是为了不断地把先进的理想变为现实。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①We should apply advanced (advance) experience according to local conditions and shouldn't apply it mechanically.
②We can surely make advances (advance) in both knowledge and ability from social practice.
③I would like to warn you in advance that if you smoked here, you would be fined.
④I had asked everyone to submit questions in advance of the meeting.
[写美] 完成句子
⑤Thanks to the advanced technology, we live in an age of bettered communication.
多亏了先进的技术，我们生活在一个通讯较为发达的时代。
2．consist v．由……组成
(教材P69)It consisted of a closed space in which people, animals and plants could live together.
它包括一个封闭的空间，人、动物和植物可以生活在一起。
(1)consist of＝be composed of＝be made up of
由……构成，由……组成(表示整体由部分构成)
(2)consist in 在于，存在于
(3)consist with 与……一致，与……相吻合
(经典佳句)Morality may consist solely in the courage of making a choice.
品德可能仅仅在于有勇气作出抉择。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting (consist) of heat detectors and smoke detectors.
②The beauty of the picture consists in its balance of colors.
③As far as I know, he is a man whose actions do not consist with his promises.
[写美] 一句多译
④英国由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰组成。
→The UK consists of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
→The UK is composed of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
→The UK is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
[名师指津] consist of 一般不用于进行时，也不用于被动语态；其非谓语动词应用现在分词形式。
3．expose v．使暴露(于险境)；揭露，使曝光；使接触，使体验
(教材P70) ...we can infer that the Moon is less exposed to dangerous radiation than Mars.
……我们可以推断，月球比火星暴露在危险的辐射下要少。
(1)expose ...to ... 把……暴露在……，使……接触……
expose oneself to ... 接触……；使自己暴露于……
(2)exposed adj. 无遮蔽的；无保护的
be exposed to 接触……；暴露于
(3)exposure n. 暴露
(经典佳句)If you expose your skin to the sun too long, you will get sunburnt.
如果你把皮肤暴露在阳光下太久，你会被晒伤的。
[练透] 单句语法填空
①Take care not to keep your children exposed (expose) to the bad books, net and magazines.
②The kids should expose themselves (they) to as much art and culture as possible.
③Long exposure (expose) to noisy surroundings may result in some physical and mental problems.
[写美] 完成句子
④We want to expose the children to traditional Chinese culture as much as possible.
我们想让孩子们尽可能多地接触中国传统文化。
句型公式：替代词
(教材P68)The most likely choice is Mars, which is relatively close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of other planets.
最有可能的选择是火星，它离地球相对较近，环境不像其他行星那么恶劣。
替代词that, those, it, one, ones的区别：
(1)that表特指，代替上文出现的同类的单数可数名词或不可数名词，相当于“the＋单数名词”。
(2)those表特指，代替上文出现的复数名词，相当于“the＋复数名词”。
(3)it表特指，用来指代上文提到的同一个事物，可替代单数名词或不可数名词。
(4) one表泛指，代替上文出现的同类的单数可数名词，相当于“a/an＋单数名词”。代替复数名词时使用ones。
(经典佳句)There's no greater happiness than that of succeeding in one's career.
最大的快乐莫过于事业上的成功。
[练透] 选词填空：that, those, it, one, ones
①I can't find my hat.I think I must buy one.
②My uncle gave me a pen.I like it very much.
③The computers in your office are more expensive than those in our school.
④In many ways, the education system in the US is very different from that in the UK.
⑤I want to buy some apples, the ones that look fresh.
[写美] 完成句子
⑥The weather in Beijing is much cooler than that in Nanjing in summer.
夏季，北京的天气比南京的天气凉爽得多。
维度一 品句填词
1．The firefighter (消防队员) ran into the burning house at all risks to save the child.
2．Local residents said it was as if there had been a nuclear (核武器的) explosion.
3．If a machine is unmanned (无人操纵的), it does not have or need a person to control or operate it.
4．If it rained tomorrow, the sports would take place indoors (在室内)．
5．Manufacturing industry was seriously affected by the fuel (燃料) shortage.
6．Our government is taking measures to eliminate (消除) the gap between the rich and the poor.
7．Many people are now having trouble making their monthly (每月一次的) house rent.
8．In 1957 the Soviet Union launched the first satellite to orbit (环绕……运行) the earth.
9．We can infer the meanings of most words in the context.
10．The trunk of a tree is the large main stem from which the branches grow.
维度二 词形转换
1．It was terrifying (terrify) to find myself surrounded by large numbers of dogs.
2．I won't tell you his reaction (react) — I'll leave that to your imagination.
3．Future agriculture should depend on advanced (advance) technology as well as traditional methods.
4．According to the research, gas and oil consumption (consume) always increases in cold weather.
5．All the judges were moved by the optimism (optimistic) of the disabled player.
6．Exposure (expose) to lead is known to damage the brains of young children.
7．No matter when and how the invaders come, they will be wiped (wipe) out thoroughly.
8．The room is dusty (dust) so you have to clean it carefully before moving in.
维度三 固定搭配和句式
1．We have taken on extra staff to cope with (应付) the increased workload.
2．We must carry out measures to bring the situation under control (使情况处于控制之下)．
3．It is difficult for him to get rid of (摆脱) his bad habits.
4．The committee consists of (由……组成) representatives from both the public and private sectors.
5．There is no doubt that (毫无疑问) China has made tremendous progress.
6．The purpose of the charity is to help the homeless people (帮助无家可归的人们)．
PAGE
11Developing ideas
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
At the age of eight, Glenn Cunningham was severely injured in a fire.He had major burns over the lower half of his body and was taken to a nearby county hospital.
From his bed, the semi conscious (半昏迷的) little boy heard the doctor talking to his mother.The doctor told his mother that her son would surely die — which was for the best, really — for the terrible fire had destroyed the lower half of his body.
But somehow, to the amazement of the physician, he did survive.The mother was told that her son was bound to spend a lifetime in a wheelchair.
But this brave little boy was determined that he would walk and even run.But unfortunately, from the waist down, Glenn had no motor ability.His thin, scarred legs just hung there, all but lifeless.Yet his courage that he would walk was as strong as ever.
One sunny day his mother wheeled him out into the yard to get some fresh air.This day, instead of sitting there, he threw himself from the chair.Glenn worked his way to the fence, dragging his legs behind him.Then, step by step, he began dragging himself along the fence, determined that he would walk.He started to do this every day until eventually Glenn did develop the ability first to stand up, then to walk with help, then to walk by himself — and then amazingly — to run.Glenn began to run to school.He ran everywhere as fast as he could.Later in college, Glenn joined the track team where he received the nickname (绰号) the “Kansas Flyer”．
1938 witnessed this young man's another amazing achievement.This young man, who was not expected to survive, who would surely never walk, who could never hope to run, ran the mile in 4 minutes and 4.4 seconds, the world's fastest indoor mile! His persistence paid off.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了葛林·康宁汉八岁时双腿严重烧伤，医生断定他无法走路，但是凭着顽强的毅力他不但重新站起来了，而且成为世界著名的长跑运动员和世界纪录的创立者。
1．What did the doctor think of Glenn's injury
A．It would take a long time for him to fully recover.
B．It would cost lots of money to cure him.
C．He would be semi conscious.
D．He had little chance of surviving.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的The doctor told his mother that her son would surely die 可知，医生认为Glenn的伤势很严重，几乎没有存活的概率。故选D项。
2．Why did Glenn receive the nickname the “Kansas Flyer”？
A．Because he looked like the“Kansas Flyer”．
B．Because he once acted as the“Kansas Flyer”．
C．Because he could run very fast.
D．Because he joined the track team.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的He ran everywhere as fast as he could.以及最后一段中提到他1938年获得的成就可推知，Glenn跑得很快，这也可能是他获得“Kansas Flyer”这个绰号的原因。故选C项。
3．What achievement did Glenn make in 1938
A．He survived.
B．He developed the ability to walk.
C．He began to run to school.
D．He set a world record.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的This young man ...ran the mile in 4 minutes and 4.4 seconds, the world's fastest indoor mile！可知，1938年，Glenn创立了世界纪录。故选D项。
4．What is the best title for the passage
A．The Power of Determination
B．The Dream for Championship
C．The Key to High Performance
D．The Mistake of a Doctor
解析：选A 标题归纳题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，本文主要强调他的坚持获得了成功。A项(决心的力量)与这一中心思想呼应。故选A项。
B
“Birds” and “airports” are two words that, paired together, don't normally paint the most harmonious picture.So it really raises some eyebrows when China announces plans to build an airport that is for birds.
Described as the world's first ever bird airport, the proposed Lingang Bird Sanctuary (保护区) in the northern coastal city of Tianjin is, of course, not an actual airport.Rather, it's a wetland preserve specifically designed to accommodate hundreds — even thousands — of daily take offs and landings by birds traveling along the East Asian Australian Flyway.Over 50 species of migratory (迁徙的) water birds, some endangered, will stop and feed at the protected sanctuary before continuing their long journey along the flyway.
Located on a former landfill site, the 150 acre airport is also open to human travelers.(Half a million visitors are expected annually.) However, instead of duty free shopping, the main attraction for non egg laying creatures at Tianjin's newest airport will be a green roofed education and research center, a series of raised “observation platforms” and a network of scenic walking and cycling paths totaling over 4 miles.
“The proposed Bird Airport will be a globally significant sanctuary for endangered migratory bird species, while providing new green lungs for the city of Tianjin.” Adrian McGregor of an Australian landscape architecture firm explained of the design.Frequently blanketed in smog so thick that it has shut down real airports, Tianjin is a city — China's fourth most populous — that would certainly benefit from a new pair of healthy green lungs.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了中国将在天津建立鸟儿机场保护区的计划以及具体规划内容和其重大意义。
5．What does the underlined phrase “non egg laying creatures” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．Visitors. B．Designers.
C．Endangered water birds. D．Planes.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的instead of duty free shopping及画线词后的a green roofed education and research center, a series of raised “observation platforms” and a network of scenic walking and cycling paths totaling over 4 miles可知，天津鸟儿机场保护区对游客的主要吸引力将是一个绿色屋顶的教育和研究中心，观赏台以及一个总长超过4英里的风景优美的步行道和自行车道网络，而不是免税购物，由此可知画线词词义为“游客”，故选A项。
6．What do we know about the airport according to the passage
A．People cannot watch birds up close here.
B．It is located on a 150 acre landfill site.
C．It functions as an actual airport and a wetland preserve.
D．It provides migratory birds with food and shelter.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Over 50 species of migratory(迁徙的)water birds, some endangered, will stop and feed at the protected sanctuary before continuing their long journey along the flyway.可知，迁徙的候鸟可以在机场保护区停留和吃东西，然后继续飞行，也就是机场保护区可以为候鸟提供食物和住所，故选D项。
7．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．The airport will become a permanent home for birds.
B．Tianjin will win worldwide fame in the future.
C．Tianjin's air quality will improve thanks to the airport.
D．Tianjin will be able to accommodate more people.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的The proposed Bird Airport will be a globally significant sanctuary for endangered migratory bird species, while providing new green lungs for the city of Tianjin.及Tianjin is a city — China's fourth most populous — that would certainly benefit from a new pair of healthy green lungs.可知，天津的空气质量和环境会因为这个鸟儿机场保护区得到很大的改善，故选C项。
8．What is this passage mainly about
A．Airports shut down and open up.
B．China is to open the first Bird Airport.
C．Airports turn into green lungs.
D．Birds are no longer enemies to airports.
解析：选B 主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第二段中的Described as the world's first ever bird airport, the proposed Lingang Bird Sanctuary (保护区) in the northern coastal city of Tianjin is, of course, not an actual airport.可知，本文主要介绍了中国将在天津建立第一个鸟儿机场保护区，故选B项。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
How to Protect Yourself Against the Flu
Now we are frightened by flu all over the world. 1 .But how can we avoid it Here are some ways.
2
“Wash your hands” is practically what we often hear these days.Make sure to wash your hands with soap for a minimum of 20 seconds and dry your hands on a clean towel.In public restrooms, avoid air dryers, which blow dirty dust all over the place.
Exercise can help you prevent the flu
3 .Regular exercise, which can include taking fast walks, has been shown to improve your immune system, thus decreasing your likelihood of developing a cold or the flu.
Drink green tea
According to an analysis published in Molecules, green tea may boost immunity (免疫力), helping fight both cold and flu viruses. 4 .Drinking green tea regularly may also help prevent infections happening again — and could make you less likely to get one in the first place.
Don't count on herd immunity
You may have read that you can skip getting vaccinated (接种疫苗的) if you live in a place where most people have had the disease, allowing you to take advantage of herd immunity.But effective herd immunity requires that more than 90% of the population be vaccinated against a disease.The exact percentage depends on the infection of the disease, and the flu is highly infectious.People should not count on herd immunity to protect them. 5 .
A．I don't think so
B．Herd immunity protects nobody
C．Don't skip your regular workout
D．It can wipe out all the bacteria easily
E．Many people have been infected with it
F．Soap and water really are the best defense
G．Drinking green tea regularly helps you recover from a cold
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了预防流感的方法。
1．选E 根据前句Now we are frightened by flu all over the world.可知，E项(很多人都感染了它)符合上下文语境。E项中it代指前句中的flu。
2．选F 根据下文Make sure to wash your hands with soap for a minimum of 20 seconds and dry your hands on a clean towel.及本段内容可知，本段主要介绍用肥皂洗手来防御流感。F项(肥皂和水确实是最好的防御)符合上下文语境。F项中Soap and water和下文中的wash your hands with soap相一致。
3．选C 根据本段小标题Exercise can help you prevent the flu和后句可知，要坚持有规律的锻炼。C项(不要忽略你的常规锻炼)统领本段，符合语境。C项中regular workout和后句中的Regular exercise相一致。
4．选G 根据前句和后句可知，这里陈述喝绿茶的好处。G项(经常喝绿茶可以帮助你从感冒中恢复)符合上下文语境。G项中green tea与前后句中的green tea相一致。
5．选B 根据本段小标题Don't count on herd immunity及前句People should not count on herd immunity to protect them.可知，群体免疫不一定奏效。B项(群体免疫不能保护任何人)符合上下文语境。B项中的Herd immunity和小标题及前句中的herd immunity相一致。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
为响应我市“低碳生活”的号召，学生会向全校学生发出了“告别纸巾，使用手帕”(Using Hankies Instead of Facial Tissue)的倡议。请你代表学生会，用英语写一封倡议书，内容包括：
1．使用纸巾的弊端；
2．使用手帕的好处；
3．呼吁全体学生一起加入。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3．开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：面巾纸facial tissue 手帕hanky
Dear fellow students，
The Students' Union
参考范文：
Dear fellow students，
Our school has launched a campaign whose theme is “Using Hankies Instead of Facial Tissue”．The activity is aimed at raising people's awareness of low carbon lifestyle.
Compared to a cotton hanky, it takes three times more energy to grow trees and produce paper tissues.Besides, once a tissue has been used, it can't be recycled.So it's obvious that using hankies consumes less resource and causes less waste.So, why not use hankies as a new fashion
Come on and join us now.Your little effort will make a big difference.
The Students' Union
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