Writing a survival story
[学范文·背佳句]——它山之石，可以攻玉
范文诠解 [教材原文] [名师论道]
It's been a week since the other astronauts left Mars and went back to Earth, accidentally leaving me here alone.I was caught in a dust storm and lost contact with them.After resuming communication with the base five days later, I was informed that it will be eight months before a rescue mission arrives from Earth.Fortunately, I have shelter, because the landing capsule protects me from the deadly radiation outside.The capsule is powered by a small nuclear plant.It might have just enough electricity for eight months, if nothing goes wrong.What's more, my spacesuit keeps me safe from exposure to the Martian surface for up to several hours at a time.Water and oxygen were my biggest worries at first, but I've discovered an underground ice deposit nearby.I can reach the ice with our survey tools.That's lucky, because I can drink the water from the ice and also use it to produce oxygen when I run low.Now I am worried about food.There is only enough for one person for four months — four months short of what I need.Part of our mission was to experiment with growing plants in the Martian soil, so I have seeds of various kinds.I must work out how to farm on Mars.If I can solve that challenge, and if the electricity supply holds, I can survive until I am rescued.There's still hope！ [学语言]1.时态：一般过去时2.人称：第一、三人称3.亮点词汇①astronaut ②accidentally③be caught in ④lose contact with⑤inform ⑥rescue⑦shelter ⑧be powered by⑨go wrong ⑩keep sb. from ... exposure at a time work out4.高级句式①It's been＋时间段＋since从句②现在分词短语作结果状语③It will be＋时间段＋before ...④动词不定式短语作表语⑤“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构作宾语[学结构]本文是一篇生存故事，属于记叙文写作范畴。分为三部分：第一部分：开头——交代清楚事件的背景；第二部分：主体——主要叙述事件的发生、经过及结果；第三部分：结尾——发表感想、愿望等。
佳句背诵 1.It's been three days since I got separated from the other team members.自从我和其他队员们分开已经三天了。2.One day, Tom was riding his bike home from school when he saw a boy lying on the ground.一天，汤姆放学骑自行车从学校回家，这时他看见一个男孩躺在地上。3.The firefighters hurried there at once and fought against it bravely，but the fire was so big that it lasted five hours.消防队员们立即赶到那里，勇敢地灭火，但火势太大，持续了5个小时。4.Without a compass, I lost direction, and now I am lost in dense jungle.没有指南针，我失去了方向，现在我迷失在茂密的丛林中。5.I have to remind myself to be calm and optimistic at every moment.我必须提醒自己要时刻保持冷静、乐观。6.To make things worse, I stumbled and sprained my ankle.更糟糕的是，我摔了一跤，把脚脖子扭了。
[仿佳作·找差距]——巧借外力，事半功倍
[题目要求]
今年夏天你和其他同学参加了一次学生会组织的野外生存活动(wildness survival program)。请根据提供的信息，用英语写一篇短文来描述这次活动并谈谈自己的感受。
时间：7月10日至13 日
活动：
1．携带物品：指南针、帐篷、手电筒、地图、急救包、食品和衣物等；
2．途中翻过三座山，游过两条河，在穿越森林时迷了路，靠指南针找到了正确的方向；
3．在营地，搭帐篷，自己生火、做饭；
4．学习紧急救护。
参考词汇：指南针compass 手电筒flashlight 急救箱first aid kit 宿营地campsite
[仿写步骤]
Step 1 一仿结构布局合理
第一段：介绍故事发生的时间和地点；
第二段：介绍叙述事件的发生、经过及结果；
第三段：发表感想、愿望等。
Step 2 二仿语言规范美观
1．今年夏天，我和同学们参加了学生会组织的野外生存活动，时间是7月10日至7月13日。
My classmates and I took part in a wildness survival program organized by the Students' Union from 10 July to 13 July this summer.
2．出发前，我们准备好了设备，包括指南针、地图、急救箱、帐篷、手电筒、食物和衣服。
Before we started, we made preparations for the equipment including a compass, a map, a first aid kit, tents, flashlights, some food, and some clothes.
3．在路上我们爬了三座山，游了两条河。
On the way we climbed three hills and swam across two rivers.
4．我们在森林里迷了路。
We lost our way in the forest.
5．我们靠指南针找到了正确的方向。
We found the right direction with the compass.
6．一到营地，我们就搭起帐篷，生火，然后开始做饭。
As soon as we arrived at the campsite, we put up our tents, made a fire and then started cooking.
7．我们还学会了如何进行急救。
We also learned how to give first aid.
8．对我来说，这是一次令人筋疲力尽但却十分难忘的经历。
It was an exhausting but quite unforgettable experience for me.
Step 3 三仿句间过渡自然
用连词连接句3和句4
On the way we climbed three hills and swam across two rivers.However, we lost our way in the forest.
Step 4 誊写
My classmates and I took part in a wildness survival program organized by the Students' Union from 10 July to 13 July this summer.
Before we started, we made preparations for the equipment including a compass, a map, a first aid kit, tents, flashlights, some food, and some clothes.On the way we climbed three hills and swam across two rivers.However, we lost our way in the forest.Luckily, we found the right direction with the compass.As soon as we arrived at the campsite, we put up our tents, made a fire and then started cooking.We also learned how to give first aid.
Through the program, we learned to use knowledge gained in class to solve problems.It was an exhausting but quite unforgettable experience for me.
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A鱼Writing a survival story
Ⅰ.阅读理解
War can be deadly for wildlife, too.A new study reports that war is the biggest threat to Africa's elephants, rhinoceroses, and other animals.Researchers examined how years of conflict in Africa have affected populations of large animals.More than 70 percent of Africa's protected wildlife areas have been within a war zone at some point in the last 70 years.The more frequent the fighting, the greater the drop in animal populations, said Josh Daskin, an ecologist at Yale University.He was the lead author of the study, which was published Wednesday in the journal Nature.
It takes very little conflict, as much as one conflict in about 20 years, for the average wildlife population to be declining, Daskin said.“Areas with frequent fighting — but not necessarily the bloodiest fighting — lose 35 percent of their large animal populations during each year of war，” he said.
Some animals get killed by weapons of war.Yet, many also die because of changes in social and economic conditions in an area as a result of war, said Rob Pringle.He is an ecologist at Princeton University and the study's co author.“People in and around war zones are poor and hungrier.So they may begin to illegally hunt animals for valuable tusks or hunt protected animals to eat，” Pringle said.“And during wartime, animal conservation programs do not have as much money or power to protect wildlife.”
The new study examined the entire African continent over 65 years.The researchers looked at 10 different factors that could change population numbers.They included war, drought, animal size, protected areas and human population density.The number of wars had the biggest effect on wildlife population.The intensity of the wars — measured in the number of human deaths — had the least effect on animals.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了战争对于野生动物的致命影响。
1．Which is the most dangerous to Africa's animals
A．Hunting. B．Wars.
C．Drought. D．Economy.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的War can be deadly for wildlife, too.A new study reports that war is the biggest threat to Africa's elephants, rhinoceroses, and other animals.可知，对于非洲的野生动物来说最危险的是战争，故选B项。
2．What can we know about the animals in Africa
A．More than 70 percent of animals live in a war zone.
B．Little conflict has no effect to animals' population.
C．The more frequent the fighting is, the fewer animals are.
D．35 percent of animals in the world died each year because of war.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的The more frequent the fighting, the greater the drop in animal populations可知，战争越频繁，动物就越少。故选C项。
3．Which one is NOT the reason why animals die in the war
A．Being killed by the weapons.
B．Being killed by poor and hungry people.
C．The loss of their habitat.
D．Lack of money or power to protect them.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Some animals get killed by weapons of war.可知，一些动物是被战争的武器杀死，故排除A项；根据第三段中的“People in and around war zones are poor and hungrier.So they may begin to illegally hunt animals for valuable tusks or hunt protected animals to eat，” Pringle said.可知，动物死于战争的另一原因是贫困而又饥饿的人们杀死动物获取有价值的长牙或作为食物，故排除B项；根据And during wartime, animal conservation programs do not have as much money or power to protect wildlife.可知，在战时，动物保护项目没有那么多的资金和能力来保护野生动物，故排除D项。故本题应选C项。
4．Which one has the least influence on wildlife population
A．The intensity of the wars.
B．Protected areas.
C．The number of wars.
D．Animal size.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，战争的密度对于野生动植物的数量有着最小的影响，故选A项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
One day I was driving to the marsh (湿地) for bird watching.The weather forecast called for the possibility of fog.As I 1 the destination, the fog began to 2 .At a turning, I lost 3 of the car and ran into the wetland.
I tried to open the door, but it was locked as the water had 4 the electrical system.I remembered I had a fire extinguisher (灭火器)．I 5 it and gave the window a 6 hit.It merely bounced off.I hit it again, with the 7 result.
The water level had risen, and soon I was swinging the extinguisher underwater.I had to 8 for air and down to take as many 9 as my breath would allow.I was nearly 10 .A part of me just wanted to give up.But then another thought came to mind，“You have 11 more time.What will you do with it？” “I'm going to try 12 ，”I responded.
I 13 swinging the fire extinguisher as hard as I could and suddenly the impact felt different.I 14 my left hand and felt a hole in the 15 .I knew I was going to live.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者叙述自己有一天开车去沼泽地观鸟时，车子失去控制陷进了沼泽地，当作者处在危险的境地时，他经过不断的尝试和努力，成功摆脱了困境。
1．A.sought B．approached
C．chose D．visited
解析：选B 根据上文中的One day I was driving to the marsh (湿地) for bird watching.可知，有一天作者开车去沼泽地观鸟。显然，此句的意思是“当我快到(approached)目的地时”，故选B。
2．A.rise B．lift
C．decrease D．disappear
解析：选A 根据前面的The weather forecast called for the possibility of fog.可知，天气预报说可能有雾。显然要用rise，意思是“雾开始逐渐变大”，故选A。
3．A.sight B．track
C．touch D．control
解析：选D 根据后面的ran into the wetland可以判断出，车陷进了沼泽地，这就暗示作者失去了对车的控制。短语lose control of意思是“失去对……的控制”。
4．A.operated B．settled
C．shorted D．developed
解析：选C 此处表示“我试图打开门，但是门被锁住了，因为水使得电路系统短路(shorted)”。注意此处short作动词，意思是“使短路”。
5．A.broke B．grabbed
C．hung D．closed
解析：选B 根据上文中出现的fire extinguisher (灭火器)可推断，显然作者在这里是抓起(grabbed)了它，然后给窗户狠狠一击。
6．A.gentle B．mild
C．direct D．sharp
解析：选D 作者用灭火器对窗户狠狠一击。对比选项可以看出，使用sharp更符合句子的意思。
7．A.same B．joyful
C．positive D．different
解析：选A 它只是弹开了。作者又打了一下，结果还是一样(same)。
8．A.go out B．go away
C．go up D．go over
解析：选C 根据前面的意思可知，水位上升，很快作者就在水下挥动灭火器。显然作者被淹没在水下了，他就不得不从水中浮上来(go up)呼吸空气。
9．A.fists B．swings
C．cuts D．calls
解析：选B 根据文章前面的意思，很快作者就在水下挥动灭火器，显然此处要用swings，意思是“摆动，挥动”，表示“只要我的呼吸允许，我必须尽可能多挥动灭火器”。
10．A.delighted B．disappointed
C．determined D．desperate
解析：选D 根据上下文可知，作者几乎绝望(desperate)了。
11．A.a little B．much
C．plenty of D．far
解析：选A 根据语境可知，作者感觉到他只有一点(a little)时间了。
12．A.weaker B．harder
C．better D．worse
解析：选B 根据语境可知，作者在这里心里想的一定是要更努力(harder)。
13．A.started B．paused
C．continued D．considered
解析：选C 作者继续(continued)挥动着灭火器。
14．A.waved B．shook
C．extended D．took
解析：选C 此句的意思是“我伸出(extended)左手，感觉到窗户上有个洞”。
15．A.car B．door
C．extinguisher D．window
解析：选D 根据上文中的I 5 it and gave the window a 6 hit.可知，此处指的是窗户。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“If mum finds out that I'm going to the beach, I'll be in big trouble.” I muttered (咕哝) to myself softly.
I walked slowly and silently down the stairs and tried to walk casually into the kitchen.As I was walking towards the back door, mum asked without looking up from her “dish washing”， “Where are you going？” I answered back without hesitation, “I'm going to the garden to play.” After I got out of the kitchen, I breathed a sign of relief.My plan had worked out fine so far.I scaled (攀登) the fence and jumped onto the muddy field next to my house and started running towards the bus stop at top speed.
After half an hour, I was at the beach scanning the crowd for my friends, Jimmy and Bobby.After a while, I spotted them near a coconut tree.I ran towards them and got into my swimming trunk.For about an hour, we played volleyball happily.
Suddenly, Bobby hit the ball too hard and the ball fell into the sea.Just as Bobby was going to pick up the ball, the tide came in and carried the ball further and further away from the shore.I wanted to show off my swimming skills so I decided to get the ball for them.
I dived into the water and started swimming at a steady pace.After swimming for about ten minutes, I became tired but when I saw that the ball was only a few feet away from me, I put in an extra burst of speed.However, just as I was going to catch the ball, a very strong current (急流) swept the ball further away from me.At that moment, a string of weed tangled (缠结) up with my feet and I could not swim properly.
I struggled to float but it was no use.“If I had listened to mum and dad, this would never have happened，” I thought silently.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Finally, after struggling for a minute or two, I had no more energy and got pulled underwater.
When I woke up, I was in an empty room lying on a bed.
参考范文：
Finally, after struggling for a minute or two, I had no more energy and got pulled underwater.I held on to the weed but it broke suddenly.I swam back to the surface to take a breath.Then I saw two young men in small boats, racing against each other.I was exhausted but I shouted for help.“Help！” “Help！” But they ignored me and raced on.“Am I dying？” I was terribly scared.Fortunately, a lifeguard spotted me and reached out to me before I lost my consciousness.
When I woke up, I was in an empty room lying on a bed.It was not until a doctor came into the room that I realized that I was in a hospital.After a few minutes, my parents hurried in anxiously.They held my hands and kissed me on the face.“I'm sorry，” I murmured.They comforted me “Thank goddess, you're OK! But do remember safety comes first！” With tears in my eyes, I nodded.I will never forget the terrifying experience and neither will I show off again.
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