北师大版高一上册模块2 Unit 4 Cyberspace单元重难点词汇课堂课件（68张ppt）

(共68张PPT)
教材版本：北师大
册别单元：B2U4
A word is a microcosm of human consciousness. — Vygotsky
likely
affect
一词多义
精准的汉语释义
重难点词
view
一词多义
英语释义
settle
一词多义
搭配义
crash
一词多义
average
英语释义
likely
likely
Who is most likely to be king
likely
教学建议
教学建议
根据精准的汉语释义和英语释义准确理解likely及unlikely
维词解读
likely
■ adj [常与more, most连用] 可能的 probable 反 unlikely：
① be likely to do sth:
If you can find suitable learning methods, your learning efficiency is likely to improve. 如果你能找到合适的学习方法，学习效率就可能会提高。2011 上海改
The more exposed young people are to financial issues, the more likely they are to become responsible. 年轻人接触的财务问题越多，越有可能变得有责任心。
2008 上海改
在不少词典和词汇书中给出的likely作形容词时的汉语释义是“很可能的”，并不准确。likely作形容词时，常与more或most搭配，而more和most强调程度，因此，likely的精准汉语释义应该是“可能的”。
② it is likely + (that) 从句：
It is likely that you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. 如果继续吸烟，你的身体健康可能会受到损害。人教⑥–3
If one is late for a job interview, it is not likely that he will get the job. 如果某人求职面试迟到，他不大可能得到这份工作。 2015 陕西
注：likely 的主语既可以是人或物，也可以是it。其结构为sb / sth is likely to do sth 和 it is likely + (that) 从句。
■ adv [常与most, more, very连用] 可能 probably：
When one wolf starts to howl, very likely others will follow. 当一只狼嚎叫起来，其他的狼很可能也跟着叫。 2011 湖北
Not likely! [表示强烈的否定] 绝不可能！才不呢！
— Would she mind playing against her former teammates 她介意和她以前的队友比赛吗？
— Not likely! 不会！ 2010 浙江改
精准的汉语释义，再加上英语释义，帮助学生建立新旧知识间的联系
注意词块，建立词块意识
拓展
I met him at the most unlikely place. 我在最意想不到的地方遇到了他。
① (be) unlikely to do sth:
Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to make a good researcher. 缺乏耐力和毅力的人不大可能成为优秀的研究人员。
② it is unlikely + (that) 从句:
It’s unlikely that she’ll arrive before seven. 她不大
可能在七点前到达。
unlikely adj 不太可能的
反 likely；[只用于名词前] 非想象中的：
likely的反义词unlikely，我们很容易把它错误地理解为“不可能的”。
即学即练
一、用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
1. If the stress in your life is too much, you are likely ____________ (get) ill. (2016 上海改)
2. The harder you try to beat him, the ______________ (likely) you will get hit. (2014 辽宁)
3. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is _______________ (likely) to be the only planet where life has developed gradually. (2010 福建改)
to get
more likely
unlikely
二、根据所给汉语完成下列句子。
1. This passage _____________________ (最可能出自) a popular sales book.
2. Brian is gifted in writing music; he ____________________ (很有可能成为) a Beethoven. (2015 四川改)
3. Students who take a well-planned year out ________________________________ (更有可能对……满意), and complete, their chosen course. (2015 全国课标II改)
4. Although the police thought he was ______________________ (最有可能的一个), since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him. (2009 湖南改)
most likely comes from
is very likely to be
are more likely to be satisfied with
the most likely one
三、英汉互译。
1. It’s more than likely that the thieves don’t know how much it is worth.
2. Me Join the army Not likely!
3. 他似乎是这项工作最适宜的人选了。
4. 今晚她很可能给我打电话。
_________________________________________
________________________________
_________________________________________________
________________________________
盗贼很可能不知道此物值多少钱。
我？参军入伍？绝不！
He seems the most likely person for the job.
She is very likely to call me tonight. / It is very likely that she’ll call me tonight.
affect
affect
如今，人们越来越关注健康，因此空气污染 (Air Pollution) 也成为了人们茶余饭后的话题。
Almost every part in our country has been affected by smog (雾霾). So, what on earth affects the environment has become a big issue.
追根溯源
动词 affect 词源义由名词而来，意为“对…做；感染；影响”。affect 由前缀ad (to) + 词根 fect (fact) 构成。但随着语言的发展，affect的名词词义已消失。
affect vt
影响 to influence sb / sth：
decisions which affect our lives 影响我们生活的决定
With the government’s aid, those (who were) affected by
the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.
在政府的援助下，那些受到地震影响的人已经
搬到新的定居点。 2009 上海改
借助英语释义理解，与influence 建立联系
维词详解
常用于
被动语态
[常用于被动语态] 使感动；打动
to make sb have strong feelings of sadness, pity, etc.：
She was deeply affected by the story. 她被这个故事深深打动了。
使感染 (疾病)：
Diseases affect almost everyone at some time during their lives. 生活 中几乎每个人都会生病。 译林⑦ – 2
曾在高考阅读理解中出现
借助英语
释义理解
词语辨析
affect / effect
affect verb = ‘to have an influence on sb / sth’
affect 动词 = 影响某人 / 某事：
Does television affect children’s behaviour
电视对孩子的行为有影响吗？
It is not a noun. 该词不作名词。
effect noun =‘result, influence’
effect 名词 = 作用；影响：
Does television have an effect on children’s behaviour 电视对孩子的行为有影响吗？
effect verb = ‘to achieve or produce’ (is quite rarely used and formal.)
effect 动词 = 实现、产生 (罕见且正式)：
They hope to effect a reconciliation. 他们希望实现和解。
WHICH WORD
即学即练
一、根据句意选出 affect 的最佳释义。
__________ 1. Welch examined a sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly disease mainly affecting children. (2016 北京改)
__________ 2. With the governments aid, those affected by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. (2009 上海改)
__________ 3. We were deeply affected by the news of her death.
影响
[常用于被动语态] 使感动；打动
使感染 (疾病)



即学即练
二、翻译句子。
1. 按时交电费很重要，因为迟交可能影响你的信用。(2016 浙江)
It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments
________________________
2. 交通问题不仅影响我们的日常生活，也可能威胁人们的生命。(threaten) (2015 江苏书面表达改)
The traffic issue not only ___________________________, but may also threaten people’s lives.
______________________________________________________
affects our everyday life
may affect your credit.
affect 是学术词汇 (AW)
affect 是高考中的高频多义词，同时在学术文章中出现的频率也很高，是学术词汇 (AW)。
学术词汇 (AW)
学术词汇是英语词汇的重要组成部分。由新西兰学者Averil Coxhead 统计出来的词汇，包含了50个词族 (word family) 的“学术词汇表”。它多是与科学、工程、技术方面相关的英语，常出现在高考科普类等阅读篇章中。学术词汇虽不能传递主要学术信息，但常用来表达学术观点、阐述研究活动、解释研究结果等。
高考中出现的学术词汇
2016年新课标卷I阅读理解A，图中标色突显的都是学术词汇。
crash
美国电影《撞车》以多民族、多文化相互交融的城市洛杉矶为背景，讲述了由一起普通的撞车事故而引发的一些与种族歧视有关的故事。故事主题是美国社会的任何行为都会带上种族歧视的印记，这种现象是导致民间动乱的祸根。影片呈现的不单单是一场撞车事故，而是以此为引，揭示美国社会体系下种族歧视这一顽疾，宽容、沟通、理解成为避免人与人间撞车的救赎，善与恶皆在一瞬之间。
crash
Crash by Matt Willis
Here you go way too fast
Don't slow down you're gonna crash
You should watch — watch your stay here
Don't look out you're gonna break your neck
听歌猜释义
Crash by Usher
Would you mind if I still loved you
Would you mind if things don't last
Would you mind if I hold onto you so that I won't crash
Morning light,
I'm at your door
One last time, and no one's there
(Nobody, nobody, nobody, no...)
Drove all night, just to beat you home
Would you mind if I waited
Would you mind if I wait right here
...
crash
key: 撞车
key: 崩溃
crash
1. crash最初是一个象声词，模仿断裂的声音 “哗啦…”；借助词源启发学生理解动词的各层释义；
2. 动词释义是由名词释义转化而来；
3. 释义 是随时代的发展而产生的。
教学建议
教学建议
crash
■ v
vi & vt (使) 发出撞击声；(使) 发出爆裂声：
The plates crashed to the floor. 盘子哗啦一声摔碎在地上。
She stormed out of the room and crashed the door shut behind her. 她愤怒地冲出房间，砰的一声把门关上了。
vi & vt (使飞机) 坠毁；(使汽车等) 猛撞：
The news that the plane had crashed made us sad.飞机失事的消息让我们非常难过。 译林③ – 1
He crashed his car into a wall. 他开车撞到了墙上。
He crashed into the other youth and they both landed on the ground. 他撞上了另一个年轻人，结果两个人都摔在地上。 2008 上海春
维词解读
vi (公司等) 倒闭；(股票) 暴跌；(计算机等) 死机；崩溃：
The company crashed with debts of 2 million. 那家公司倒闭了，留下两百万英镑的债务。
The computers that we use at the moment are old and slow, and they often crash. 我们现在使用的计算机又旧又慢，还经常死机。
■ n [C]
[常用单数] 哗啦声；撞击声；爆裂声：
At that moment, we hear a huge crash and then silence.
就在那时，我们听到哗啦一声，随后一片寂静。
The tall chimney fell with a great crash. 高高的烟
囱轰然倒塌。
碰撞 (事件)；(飞机) 坠毁：
All the passengers were killed in the plane crash. 这
次飞机失事，所有乘客无一幸免。
暴跌；(计算机等的) 崩溃：
tips for fixing computer system crashes 应对计算机
系统崩溃的窍门
名词释义与动词释义一一对应，可以将它们对应起来进行记忆。
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. It is an ocean that moves, impressively and endlessly. It makes all kinds of noise — it is forever thundering, boiling, crashing, and whistling. (2013 重庆) ___________
2. When did the computer crash (2012福建) ___________
3. Car drivers have to obey traffic regulations that tell them the right things to do on the road to avoid crashes. (2012 广东) ___________
4. It was sad news that no one survived the AirAsia plane crash which happened on December 28, 2014. ____________________
即学即练
发出撞击声
死机
碰撞 (事件)
飞机失事；飞机坠毁事故
Part I 复习巩固
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. The team crashed to their worst defeat this season. ___________
2. Investigators are still trying to figure out why the engines in this plane lost power, forcing it to crash-land with more than 150 passengers on board. ___________
3. There was a crash of thunder just now.___________
(比赛中) 溃败；惨败
紧急迫降
一声炸雷；一声响雷；雷声大作
Part II 能力提升
settle
settle
培养学生建立基本义 (或词源义) 和衍生义之间的联系，以及依据基本义在语境中推测词义的能力。根据settle的词源义“停止移动、定下来”，启发学生理解各层衍生义；
掌握settle各层释义下的相关搭配；
重点掌握settle down的释义，了解其他短语动词的释义。
settle词源义
settle v
vi & vt 坐下；(使) 处于舒适的位置 to get into
or put sb into a comfortable position：
The dog settled on the grass to enjoy its bone.
那条狗舒服地坐在草地上享受骨头的美味。
She settled herself into her chair and started
to read.
她舒舒服服地坐在椅子上开始看书。
vi & vt (移民、殖民) 定居 (于) to make a
place your permanent home：
We settled happily into our new life in the town.
我们高兴地在那个镇上定居下来，开始了新的生活。
This region was settled by the Dutch in the 19th century.
这个地区在19世纪开始有荷兰人定居。
英语释义帮助理解
vi & vt 对某事达成一致意见；解决 to end an argument or solve a disagreement：
settle an argument 解决争论
Most of the problems have been settled satisfactorily.
大多数问题已得到满意的解决。
vt [常用于被动语态] 确定；决定 to decide or
arrange sth finally：
— When do you go to America 你什么时候去美国？
— Nothing’s settled yet. 一切待定。
It was settled that they would get married in June.
他们决定于6月结婚。
培养同义替换的能力，在写作中不要只会写自己熟悉的单词
vi & vt (使) 平静；(使) 安定 to become or make sb / sth become calm or quiet：
She breathed deeply to settle her nerves.
她深呼吸来平复自己的紧张情绪。
vi 降落；停留：
A butterfly settled on a red flower.
一只蝴蝶落在一朵红色的花上。
vi 围绕；充满：
Depression settled over her like a heavy black cloud.
忧郁的情绪像一片乌云笼罩在她的心头。
settle back 舒服地坐下 / 躺下：
She settled back in her seat to enjoy the film.
她舒服地坐在座位上看电影。
settle down
舒适地坐下 / 躺下：
They put up the tent, and settled down to eat the sandwiches.
他们搭起帐篷，舒服地坐下来享受三明治。 2009 江西
安顿下来；安定下来：
When are you going to get married and settle down
你打算什么时候结婚成家，安定下来啊？
(使) 安静；(使) 平静：
She didn’t start the lesson until the pupils settled down.
等学生们安静下来后，她才开始上课。
settle的短语动词较多，可借助后面的小品词对语境中的意思进行推测
settle (down) to 开始专心于；着手认真做：
With so much noise outside, I couldn’t settle down to my work.
外面那么吵，我无法专心工作。
settle for 勉强接受；将就：
She doesn’t settle for anything but the best.
她只想要最好的，绝不会将就。
settle in / into 适应；习惯 (新事物)：
How’s your new home Are you settling in OK
你的新家怎么样？还习惯吗？
She soon settled into her new college life.
她很快就适应了大学的新生活。
settle on 决定；选定：
We must settle on a place to meet.
我们得把见面的地点定下来。
[C] 协议：
come to / reach a peace settlement with
与……达成和平协议
[U] 解决；处理：
the settlement of an issue 问题的解决
[U] 安顿；定居：
European settlement began in 1840 when the British arrived.
1840年英国人到达后，开始有欧洲人在此地定居。 北师大② – 4
[C] 定居点
settler n [C] 移居者；殖民者
对应动词的释义“对某事达成一致意见”
对应动词的释义“解决”
对应动词的释义“定居”
定居地点
settlement n
一、根据句意写出画线部分的汉语释义。
___________ 1. The man let his eyes settle upon Peter’s face.
___________ 2. An uneasy silence settled over the room.
___________ 3. She didn’t start the lesson until the pupils settled down.
___________ 4. We hope for a lasting settlement of all these troubles.
__________ 5. He alo raised doubts about the American road map to a peace settlement.
落在 / 停留
弥漫 / 充满
安静下来
解决
和平协议
二、根据汉语提示，用settle的相关短语完成句子。
1. 去年她从城里来就定居在这个村子里。
She came down last year and _______________________.
2. 虽然他跳得非常好,可是没有取得第一名,只好屈居第二了。
Although he was jumping so well, he failed to win the first prize and
had to __________________.
3. 经过长时间讨论以后,他们选定了修建电站的地点。
After a long discussion they __________________ for the power station.
4. 我讨厌经常外出,我想结婚然后安顿下来。
I hate all this travel. I want to _________________________.
settled down in the village
settle for the second
settled on the site
get married and settle down
view
view
断章
卞之琳
你站在桥上看风景，
看风景人在楼上看你。
明月装饰了你的窗子，
你装饰了别人的梦。
欣赏译文并比较：
英译本一 · 许景城译
You stand on the bridge viewing the sight;
You’re beheld by the viewer from height.
The moon bedecks your window agleam,
While you adorn to another’s dream.
英译本二 · 杨宪益、戴乃迭译
When you watch the scenery from the bridge,
The sightseer watches you from the balcony.
The bright moon adorns your window,
While you adorn another’s dream.
英译本三 · 叶维廉译
You stand upon the bridge to look at the landscape.
A landscape viewer upon the tower looks at you.
The moon decorates your window.
You decorate other people’s dreams.
英译本四 · 赵彦春译
On the bridge you look at the view
That viewer on the tower looks at you
The moon decorates your window with its beam
And you decorate the other's dream
上面四个译文，你更喜欢谁的翻译呢？
这首诗里的“风景”有的译成“view”，有的译成“scenery”、“sight”、 “landscape” 。
view词源
研究词源后不难发现，view名词的词源义“(对土地的) 正式视察”已经消失；而15世纪中期产生的意义“视觉”是它的基本义。这一意义源自于拉丁语videre (to see)，和英语vision是同根词。
view语义网络
视觉
view
肉眼看到的范围
看到的景色
对人或事物的看法
视野；视线
风景；景色
理解或思维
的方法；方式
看待事物的方式
观点；看法
基本义
人
到
物
外
到
到
内
具
抽
象
体
由
由
由
view
■ n
[U] 视野；视线 the ability to see sth or to be seen from a particular place：
There was usually nobody in view except some sheep in the grassland. 在草原上常常看不到一个人，只能看到一些羊。
The lake came into view as we turned the corner. 转过弯，我们就看见那个湖了。
Sit down — you’re blocking my view. 坐下，你挡住我的视线了。
注意搭配in view, come into view, block sb’s view
[C] 风景；景色 what you can see from a particular place：
While climbing the mountain, we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view. 爬山时，我们沐浴着温暖的阳光，欣赏着美丽的风景。2008 北京书面表达
I’d like a room with a sea view. 我想要一间海景房。
侧重表示从某处可看到的“远景”，尤指从窗口、高处等看到的景色。
[C] 观点；看法 an opinion or idea about sth (opinion)：
Each person may believe that he is correct and that the other person’s view is wrong. 每个人都可能会认为自己是对的，而对方的观点是错的。2009 江苏
Jill and I have different views on / about the
subject. 我和吉尔在这个话题上的观点不同。
In my view, playing computer games is a waste of time. 在我看来，玩电脑游戏浪费时间。
Can’t you see things from my point of view 你就不能从我的角度看待事物吗？2013 重庆
与介词on / about搭配
in sb’s view和from sb’s point of view是高考写作常用词块。
释义比较抽象，不好理解，可通过英语释义和例句帮助加深理解。
[U] 理解或思维的方法 / 方式 a way of thinking about or understanding sth：
my world view 我的世界观
Your view of life is different from mine. 你的人生观跟我的不同。
in view of 鉴于；考虑到：
In view of the weather, the event will be held indoors. 由于天气的缘故，这项比赛将在室内进行。
on view 在展出；展览着：
The painting is currently on view at the gallery. 那幅画目前在美术馆展出。
vt
[正式用语] 看；观看；观赏：
These mountains are a splendid sight when viewed from the valley floor. 从谷底看上去，群山壮丽。
看待 (see)：
We view film as a type of contemporary art. 我们把电影视作一种当代艺术。译林⑧ – 4
viewer n [C] (电视) 观众；观察者；看片器
加-er派生成名词viewer
对应名词释义
对应名词释义
view, scene, scenery, sight, landscape
辨析
view 侧重表示从某处可看到的“远景”，尤指从窗口、高处等看到的景色。
scene 所指的景色或场面常包括人、动物或事物的活动，还可指山水风光、舞台场景。
scenery 侧重指一个国家或一个地区的总的自然风景，尤指乡间景色，还可指舞台布景、风景画。
sight 指收入眼帘的景色。当指名胜、风景时用复数形式，尤指城里的名胜、风景。
landscape指陆地上或乡村的风景。
一、写出下列句子中view的汉语释义。
1. I got a place next to the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. (2014 全国)
2. Do you agree with the grandfather’s view on life (2015 天津)
3. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable. (2016 全国)
4. On these sites, a student can view numerous photos and art pieces from different mediums. (2011 湖南)
5. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books. (2016 全国)
视野；视线
视作
看；观看
观点
眼界
二、写出下列短语的英语形式。
1. 挡住某人的视线
2. 映入眼帘
3. 人生观
4. 鉴于；考虑到
三、将下列句子译成英语。
1. 关于这个话题，我们有不同的观点。。
We have ______________________ the subject.
2. 在我看来，人和人之间没有什么差别。
_____________________________, there is no difference
between one person and another.
block sb’s view
come into view
view of life
in view of
different views on / about
From my point of view / In my view
average
average
如果对自己的英语水平做个评价，你的英语水平如何？
Excellent？Very good Good Fairly good 还是 Average 或者 Below average
如果说你的水平中等偏上，该怎么表达？
追根溯源
请看词源解析
average 词源
average 形容词由名词而来。其基本义为“份额平等的”。
名词 average 的由来：古时候在没有保险机构的情况下，各位货主按各自货品价值分摊因遇海难或其他意外事故而遭受的损失，据此衍生出“平均分担”一义，而今天 average 的各项释义，如“平均数”、“平均水平”、“中等的”等都是由此衍生而来。
维词详解
average
■ n [C] & [U]
平均；平均数：
The average of 3, 8 and 10 is 7. 数字3、8和10的平均数是7。
I spend an average of about $200 a year on books. 我平均每年大约花200美元买书。
一般水平；平均标准：
below / above average 低于 / 超过平均水平
the national average 全国平均水平
on average 平均；一般地：
On average we have five classes a day. 我们平均每天上五节课。
Women, on average, live longer. 女性一般更长寿。2016 四川
常用搭配
固定搭配
■ adj [无比较级]
[只用于名词前] 平均的：
Scientists believe the world’s average temperature has risen by about 0.8℃ since 1900. 科学家认为自1900年以来，世界平均温度已经升高了约0.8℃。 2012 四川
中等的；适中的 normal or typical：
children of average intelligence 智力一般的儿童
He was in his late twenties and of average height . 他年近三十，中等个头。
平常的；普遍的 not special; ordinary：
Freddy was an average student, but not an average person. 弗雷迪是一名普通的学生，但却不是一个普通的人。 2017 全国
注意用法
借助英语释义理解
借助英语释义理解
一、根据句意，选出 average 的最佳释义。
即学即练
1. Not so long ago, most people didn’t know who Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce was going to become. She was just an average high school athlete. (2016 江苏) __________
2. As the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for. (2016 天津) __________
3. Only one in six children whose parents were of average weight became overweight. __________



平均的 中等的；适中的 平常的；普遍的
二、根据句意，用适当的介词填空。
即学即练
1. He was a good student and scored _________ average in most subjects. (2011 天津)
2. Tea is the British national drink. Every man, woman, and child over ten years of age has _________ average over four cups a day. (2015 全国)
3. The library now gets an average _________ five visits a day. (2013 湖南)
above
on
of