(共61张PPT)
Unit5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero
高中英语人教版 必修一
词汇导图语境速记
Warming UP, Pre-reading, Reading & Comprehending
漫画助记
高
考
佳
句
(2017北京阅读理解D)A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things… 一台具有特定用途的机器有另一种特点,我们通常把它与生物联系起来的特点……
mean
mean v. 意思是
means n. 方式;方法
by all means 当然行;可以
by no means 一点儿也不
by means of
依靠……方法;借助……手段
mean adj. 吝啬的;自私的;卑鄙的
be mean with sth. 在……方面吝啬
be mean to sb. 对某人刻薄
mean v. (meant, meant) 打算;意味着
mean to do sth. 打算做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着……
means “方式,方法”,单复同形,作主语时,谓语动词的单复数要由具体的语境来决定。
All possible means have been tried to keep animals and plants from becoming endangered.
为了使动植物不处于险境,所有可能的方法都试过了。
谚语助记
Put your foot down where you mean to stand.
退却有限度,不能一味让步。
漫画助记
The dark clouds mean rain.
乌云意味着要下雨了。
active
active adj. 积极的;活跃的
inactive adj. 不活跃的;无行动的
be active in… 在……方面积极
take an active part in 积极参加……
act v. 行动;扮演;充当n.行为;行动
actor n. 演员
actress n. 女演员
action n. 行动;行为
activity n. 活动
漫画助记
She takes an active part in school activities.
她积极参加学校活动。
在devote...to... 结构中,to为介词,后接名词、代词或动名词。
类似的常用短语还有:
be/ get used to(习惯于)、look forward to(盼望)、lead to(导致,造成)、pay attention to(注意)、get down to (开始做)、be opposed to(反对)、stick to(坚持)、adjust to(适应)、object to(反对)等。
devote
devote vt. 专心;致力;献身
devote sth. to sth. 把……用于……
devote oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于;专心于;献身于
devoted adj. 挚爱的;忠诚的
be devoted to sb. 深爱某人;对某人忠诚
devotion n. 忠诚;挚爱;奉献
高
考
佳
句
(2017天津完形填空)I feel that I've been given a second life to devote to something that is meaningful and enormous.
我觉得我已经被给予又一次生命去奉献给有意义和巨大的事情。
格言助记
The tragedy of being famous is that you have to devote so much time to being famous.
成名的悲剧是你不得不花很多时间出名。
漫画助记
She devoted her whole life to teaching.
她把她的一生都献给了教学。
die相关短语
die for 为……而死
die of 死于(内因)
die from 死于(外因)
die out 灭绝;消失
die off 相继死去
die down 逐渐变弱;逐渐平息
die away 逐渐消失
die for 为……而死
be dying for 渴望
I'm dying for a breath of fresh air. 我渴望能呼吸到新鲜空气。
似
助
相
记
“动词+for”结构的短语:
care for 照顾;照料
call for 去接;需要
apply for 申请
answer for 对……负责
allow for 考虑到
account for 是……的原因
漫画助记
Due to the hunting, the population of antelopes is in danger of dying out.
由于捕猎,羚羊处于濒临灭绝的危险。
fight
fight v. 打仗;战斗;作战;争取;争辩
fight against 与……作斗争/作战
fight for 为……而斗争;努力争取
fight with 和……打架;和……争辩
fight back 还击
fight n. 斗争;搏斗
United fought back and scored a last-minute goal.
联队奋起还击,在最后时刻破门得分。
漫画助记
They are still fighting for survival.
他们还在为生存而斗争。
found
found vt. 建立;建设
be founded on… 建立在……基础上
foundation n. 基础;地基
lay a (firm/ solid) foundation for... 为……打下(坚实的)基础
founder n. 创办者;发起人
高
考
佳
句
(2017课标全国Ⅱ阅读理解A)
Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.
公司在1905年革命后创立于莫斯科,最终于20世纪20年代末设定在特拉维夫。
漫画助记
Their marriage was founded on love and respect.
他们的婚姻建立在爱和尊重的基础上。
found 意为“创办;建立;建设”,其后可接学校、公司、组织等名词或代词作宾语,与establish、set up意思相近。
free
free adj. 不受限制的;随心所欲的;免费的;不受……伤害
be free from/of… 不受……影响/伤害
be free to do… 自由做……
free of charge/ for free 免费
free vt. 释放;使摆脱
free sb. from sth. 从……释放某人;使某人摆脱……
freedom n. 自由
The lake is free of/ from pollution. You can drink the water in it directly. You can also fish in the lake free of charge/ for free, which can free yourself from the pressure of work and life. You have total freedom to do what you like here.
这片湖没有被污染。你可以直接喝湖里的水。你也可以免费在湖里钓鱼,那可以使你摆脱工作和生活的压力。在这儿,你有完全的自由去做你喜欢的事情。
高
考
佳
句
( 2016课标全国Ⅲ完形填空)
His words freed me from my bad dreams.
他的话使我从我的噩梦中解脱了出来。
generous
generous adj. 慷慨的;大方的
be generous with sth. 在某方面慷慨/大方
be generous to sb. 对某人慷慨/大方
It's generous of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事真是宽宏大量/慷慨
generously adv. 慷慨地
generosity n. 慷慨;大方;宽宏大量
漫画助记
He was a generous and kind-hearted man.
他是一个大方、善良的人。
高
考
佳
句
( 2017课标全国I阅读理解A)It's an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations.
这是一项令人惊奇的成就,是一个没有个人、公司和其他社会组织的慷慨支持,我们就无法实现的成就。
常见的以out of 开头的短语
out of breath 喘不上气
out of control 失去控制
out of date 过时
out of order 出故障
out of sb.'s reach 够不着
out of sight 看不见
Tom was out of work because he often went to work late and played the computer games when he was at work.
因为汤姆经常上班迟到,而且在上班时玩电脑游戏,所以他失业了。
漫画助记
He was out of work when the factory closed.
他在工厂倒闭后失业了。
out of a job=out of work 失业
lose one's job 失去工作
He lost his job last week and his wife has been out of work for two months.
上周他丢了工作,他的妻子已经 失业两个月了。
vote
vote v. 选举;投票
vote for/ against 投票赞成/反对
vote on sth. 就某事进行表决
vote to do sth. 投票决定做某事
vote n. 投票;选票;表决
take a vote on sth. 就某事进行表决
漫画助记
She voted for the candidate.
她投了那位候选人的票。
高
考
佳
句
( 2017课标全国Ⅱ完形填空)
That was the name students voted for after deciding that“ Room 104” was too dull.
这是孩子们投票给教室起的一个名字,他们觉得“104房间”这个名字枯燥无味。
高
考
佳
句
( 2017天津阅读理解B)
…I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.
……我停下来喘口气,然后让自己站到可以拍摄这个全景最好的照片的地方。
词语辨析
position/ place/ location
position 用于表示与其他地点相对而言的某个位置;place是表示地点的普通词语;location则比place和position更正式、更专业。
I'll show you the place where I was born.
我将带你看看我的出生地。
The company has found a suitable location for its new headquarters.
公司为它的新总部找到了合适的地点。
attack
attack vt. 攻击;进攻;击
attack n. 袭击;攻击;押击;发作
under attack 受到攻击/受到非难
launch an attack 发起攻击
高
考
佳
句
( 2017课标全国Ⅱ阅读理解D)
When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn't sit quietly.
当叶状植物受到攻击时,它不会静静地坐着。
“under+名词”表示“在……中”。
under construction 在修建中
under control 在控制中
under discussion 在讨论中
under guarantee 在保修期内
漫画助记
The cat is going to launch an attack on the dog.
这只猫即将对这只狗发起攻击。
matter
matter n. 事情;问题;关乎……的事情
matters [复数]当前的状况
as a matter of fact 事实上
to make matters worse 更糟糕的是
a matter of… ……的问题
matter v. 要紧;有重大影响
表示“事实上,实际上”的词或词组还有:
actually、in fact、inreality、in practice等。
似
助
相
记
count vi. 重要,与matter 同义,常与for搭配。
Every point in this game counts.
这场比赛每一分都很重要。
The fact that she had apologized counted for nothing with him.
她已道歉,但他认为这是没有用的。
高
考
佳
句
( 2015福建单项填空)The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.
这次失败对他来说是一个沉重的打击,可是他并没有气馁,很快他又像以前那样情绪高涨。
漫画助记
A tree blown down has broken the top of the room.
一棵被吹倒的树压坏了这间房子的房顶。
equal
equal adj. 平等的;相等的;能胜任的
be equal to... 和......平等/相等;能胜任…
be equal in... 在......方面相等
equal v. 等于;比得上
equal n. 同等的人;相等物
equality n. 平等;相等
equally adv. 平等地;同样地
unequal adj. 不平等的;不相等的
All men are born equal. Everyone hopes that they can be equal to others and be treated equally.
所有人生而平等。每个人都希望和别人平等并被平等对待。
漫画助记
They are equal in height.
他们一样高。
高
考
佳
句
( 2017天津阅读理解A)
Suppose you're in a rush, feeling tired, not paying attention to your screen, and you send an email that could get you in trouble.
假设你很匆忙,感到疲倦,不注意屏幕,发一封会给你带来麻烦的电子邮件。
I had trouble parking.
我停车有困难。
willing
willing adj. 乐意的;自愿的
be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事
unwilling adj. 不愿意的;不情愿的
be unwilling to do sth. 不愿做某事
will n. 意志;意愿;遗嘱
高
考
佳
句
( 2016课标全国I阅读理解B)
Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices...
几乎所有的祖父/祖母都希望和孙子孙女们在一起,并且愿意做出牺牲……
She is always willing to help others, and she is seldom unwilling to help others even if she is not happy.
她总是乐于助人,即使不高兴她也很少不愿意帮助别人。
谚语助记
Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
心之所愿,无事不成。
The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak.
心有余而力不足。
turn相关短语
turn to 求助于;致力于
turn around 转身
turn on 打开
turn off 关掉
turn up 调高;露面;偶然出现
turn down 把……调低;拒绝
turn in 上交;交还
turn out 结果是;证明是
高
考
佳
句
(2016课标全国Ⅲ短文改错)
At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever I need help.
最后,我将独立,但每当我需要帮助的时候,我仍然希望求助于我的父母。
漫画助记
The tourists turned to a policeman for help.
游客向一位警察求助。