2022年中考英语二轮专题复习课件：专题6 介词（54张ppt）

(共54张PPT)
第二篇　攻专题 · 能力提升
第一部分　中考语法专题突破
专题六　介词
知识网络
介词
1．辨析in、on与at
考点精析
考点1　时间介词
词条 用法
in 用在世纪、年代、季节、月份及泛指的上午或下午等的前面；其后接时间段，表示“多久以后”，与将来时连用
on 用在具体某一天、星期或者具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上的前面
at 用在具体的时刻或正午、午夜等的前面
知识精讲
2.辨析before与after
词条 用法
before 其后接时间点，表示“在……之前”
after 其后接时间点，与将来时连用时，表示“在……之后”；其后接时间段，与过去时连用时，表示“……之后”
3.辨析since与for
词条 用法
since 其后接时间点或接“时间段＋ago”，表示“从……以来”，主句常用完成时
for 其后接时间段，表示动作的延续，主句常用完成时或一般过去时
4.其他常见的时间介词
词条 用法
by 意为“不迟于……，在……之前”
to 表示时间范围，与from搭配，意为“从……到……”；表示时刻，意为“(钟点)差……”
past 表示时刻，意为“(钟点)过……”
until 常与not搭配使用，意为“直到……才……”，主句谓语一般用非延续性动词；当其用于肯定句时，主句谓语用延续性动词
1．辨析in、on与to
考点2　方位介词
词条 用法
in 表示某地在另一大地点之内，两个地点是包含与被包含关系
on 表示某地与另一地相互接壤
to 表示两地不接壤，有一定的距离
知识精讲
2．辨析between与among
(详细用法见本书P12)
3．辨析across、through与over
(详细用法见本书P18)
4．其他常见的方位介词
词条 用法 词条 用法
at 表示在某个小地方； 在……旁边 under 在……下方，是over的反义词
on 在……上面，二 者有点或面的接触 above 在……上方，两者不接触
near 在……附近 below 在……下方，是above的反义词
词条 用法 词条 用法
beside 在……旁边 down 沿着，顺着
by 在……旁边 along 沿着
inside 在……里面 past 经过
outside 在……外面 opposite 在……对面
考点3　其他介词
词条 用法 词条 用法
by 乘坐(交通工具)；通过(接动名词) towards 向；朝(表示方向)
with 用……(工具/身体部位)；和……一起；带有 about 大约；关于
知识精讲
词条 用法 词条 用法
without 没有 from 来自；与to连用，表示“从……到……”
in 用(语言)；穿(颜色) of ……的，表示所属关系
on 后面常接电器或媒介 as 作为，以……身份；如同
against 与……竞争；倚；反对 like 像
for 对……来说；支持 except/besides/but (详细用法见本书P69)
1．考生在解答有关介词的题时，首先要明确介词在句中搭配的信息所表示的类别，是时间、地点还是交通工具类等，然后根据句意判断应用哪个介词。
【例题】 (2021·江苏扬州)China's first Mars rover，Zhurong，touched down on the Red Planet ________ May 15th,2021.
A．on B．in
C．at D．to
方法突破
【答案】A
【解析】on后接星期、具体的某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上；in后接年份、季节、月份或泛指的上午、下午或晚上；at后接具体的时刻或正午、午夜等；to后接基数词，表示“(钟点)差……”。空后为具体的日期，故选A。
【跟进训练1】 (2021·辽宁葫芦岛)My mother gets up ___ five o'clock every morning to cook breakfast for me.
A．on B．at
C．in D．for
B　
2．根据固定搭配、结构、句型等的方法确定答案。
【例题】 (2019·贵州黔东南州改编)It's very important ________ us to make a plan before the new term begins.
A．at B．with
C．by D．for
【答案】D
【解析】“It's＋形容词＋for sb.to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”。
【跟进训练2】 (2019·江苏淮安)___ the help of modern technology，scientists got a photo of a black hole.
A．At B．In
C．On D．With
D　
考点4　介词的固定搭配与介词短语
类型 举例
介 词 ＋ 名 词 after school 放学后　 　 after a while 过了一会儿
at home/school 在家里/学校 at work 在工作
at noon/night在中午/晚上 at the moment 在此刻
at the same time同时 at the weekend在周末
at times 有时/偶尔 at breakfast 早餐时
at a time每次 at the table 在桌子旁
知识精讲
类型 举例
介 词 ＋ 名 词 by the way 顺便说一下 by the window 靠窗边
by turns 轮流 by hand 手工(制造)
by mistake 错误地 in the open air 在户外
in a word总而言之 in no time 很快/立刻
in a low voice小声地 in the past 在过去
in danger 处于危险中 in time 及时
in the distance 在远处 in the future 在将来
类型 举例
介 词 ＋ 名 词 in trouble 处于困境中 in one's opinion在某人看来
in fact 事实上 on fire 着火
on the way 在路上 on the other hand 另一方面
on show/display展览/陈列 on holiday 在度假
on time 准时 on the left/right 在左边/右边
to one's surprise 令某人吃惊的是
类型 举例
be ＋ 形 容 词 ＋ 介 词 be amazed at 对……感到惊讶
be afraid of 害怕……
be angry with 生(某人的)气
be bad for 对……有害
be good at 擅长……　　 be filled with充满……
be different from 与……不同
be excited about 对……感到兴奋
be famous for 因……而出名
类型 举例
be ＋ 形 容 词 ＋ 介 词 be late for迟到 be friendly to对……友好
be far from 离……很远
be interested in 对……感兴趣
be sure of 确信
be pleased with对……感到满意
be used to习惯于……
be popular with受……欢迎
be similar to同……相似
类型 举例
be ＋ 形容 词＋ 介词 be proud of为……感到骄傲
be ready for为……做好准备
be short for 是……的简称
be successful in 在某方面取得成功
be tired of 对……感到厌倦
be weak in 在……(方面)薄弱
be worried about 为……担心
类型 举例
动 词 ＋ 介 词 agree with 同意(某人的意见)
arrive in/at到达
begin with以……开始 believe in 信任
belong to 属于
come from来自 come into 走进
call at 顺便来访 call on (sb.) 拜访(某人)
change into变成 check into登记入住
类型 举例
动 词 ＋ 介 词 cover...with...用……覆盖……
die of/from死于……
deal/do with 处置/对付 drop off 落下
depend on 依靠 fill in 填写
fall behind 落后于/输给别人
hear from 收到(某人的)来信
hear of/about听说
help...with...帮助……做……
类型 举例
动 词 ＋ 介 词 knock at/on 敲(门、窗等) knock into撞到
laugh at 嘲笑 leave for...出发去……
learn from向……学习 live on 以……为食
look into 调查 look after照顾
move to 搬到 pay for付钱买……
play with 和……一起玩耍 point at 指着
point to 指向 run across 偶然碰到/遇到
send for 派人去叫 shout at对……叫嚷
类型 举例
动 词 ＋ 介 词 stop...from doing...阻止……做……
work on 从事 talk about谈论
talk to/with与……谈话 think about 考虑
think of想出 wait for等候
turn...into...把……变成……
类型 举例
介词＋名词＋介词 at the foot of 在……底部
on the top of 在……顶端
on/at the edge of 在……的边上
in the middle of 在……中间
in the front of 在……(内部的)前面
in front of 在……(外部的)前面
in the east of在……东部
类型 举例
介词＋名词＋介词 by means of 借助
at the beginning of 在……开始时
at the end of 在……结束时
at the age of 在……岁时
类型 举例
其 他 at first 开始　　 a lot of/lots of 许多；大量
plenty of 许多 along with 与……一起
compared with和……相比较
face to face 面对面
do well in 在……方面做得好
say hello to向……问好
give lessons to 给……教训
have nothing to do with 与……无关
类型 举例
其 他 do harm to对……造成伤害
in spite of 尽管……
have a look at...看一看……
help yourself to...随便吃/喝……
give one's life to 献身于
on one's own 独自
pay attention to 集中注意力于
考生在做介词短语的试题时，首先要判断介词短语的搭配是否正确，然后辨析不同介词短语的含义，最后再结合语境确定答案。
【例题】 (2021·辽宁葫芦岛)After the exam，my parents will meet me ________ at the school gate.
A．in person B．in common
C．in public D．in silence
方法突破
【答案】A
【解析】in person亲自；in common有共同之处；in public当众；in silence沉默地。句意：考试之后，我父母会________在学校门口接我。分析语境可知选A。
【跟进训练3】(2021·吉林长春)They came up _______a good idea to keep their classroom clean and tidy.(根据语境写出单词)
with　
1．(2020·宜宾)W_______ your help, the program couldn’t have been so successful.
2．(2020·绵阳改编)Brothers and sisters_______ different parts of the country have rushed for my rescue(救援)．
3．(2020·自贡)Tom has many hobbies, i________hiking and running.
四川中考真题精练
ithout
from
ncluding
4．(2020·眉山)The teacher advised the couple to talk with their son i__person.
5．(2021·泸州)—Are you going to do a part-time job in your free time
—Yes.I don't think I should always___ my parents.
A．turn on B．put on
C．depend on D．come on
C　
n
6．(2019·泸州)My mother is seriously ill.I have to ___her at home.
A．look at B．look up
C．look for D．look after
7．(2020·达州改编)—In order to win the war, many heroes lost their lives. How great they are!
—Yeah. China is quite an unusual country. I take pride ____ my motherland.
A．of B．for C．in D．with
D　
C　
8．(2021·广元)As a middle school student，you should learn to depend ___ yourself to make a decision.
A．of B．with
C．for D．on
9．(2021·凉山州改编)The Communist Party of China was set up ___July,1921 and we celebrated her 100th birthday in 2021.
A．on B．at
C．in D．by
D　
C　
10．(2021·自贡改编)—Have you heard of the news about Yuan Longping
—Yes.It's reported that he passed away___the age of 91.
A．at B．in C．on
A　
11．(2020·凉山州改编)The Ninth Xichang Dragon Boat Race was held ___ June 9th,2019.Many people watched it ________ TV.
A．in；on B．in；in
C．on；on D．on；in
12．(2020·广元)The accident happened ___ a cold morning，but luckily，no one was injured.
A．at B．on C．in
C　
B　
13．(2019·乐山)—Do you have this T-shirt in a different color
—I'm afraid not.It only comes ___ red.
A．of B．in C．for
14．(2019·广元)—What time do you usually get up
—___ 7:00.
A．At B．In C．On
B　
A　
一、词汇运用。
1．(2019·山东青岛)There is a big park _______(在旁边) the supermarket.I prefer to take a walk there.
2．(2019·山东日照)Man can't live w_______ water.
2022年迎考特训
beside　
ithout
3．(2019·江苏苏州)—Have you ever been to the Summer Palace
—Yes.I have visited it many times _________ 2009.
4．(2020·湖南常德)I am very busy______Friday.
5．(2020·浙江台州改编)The museum is open daily________　(除……之外) Mondays.
since　
on　
except
二、单项选择。
1．(2021·江苏南通)—I hear your brother will enter Tsinghua University this summer.
—Exactly，he was a born genius.He was able to read and write ___the age of 4.
A．in B．on
C．at D．of
C　
2．(2019·山东青岛)The high-speed train ___Qingdao and Beijing travels faster now.The train ride takes only about three hours.
A．from B．among
C．in D．between
3．(2021·黑龙江大庆)Our hometown is a beautiful city ___hundreds of lakes.
A．at B．on C．with D．by
D　
C　
4．(2020·北京)Usually I make breakfast for my family ___Saturdays.
A．at B．in
C．on D．to
5．(2021·吉林长春)My classmates like to read English novels___their free time.
A．in B．on
C．at D．to
C　
A　
6．(2019·山东滨州)—I want to watch TV the whole day after the long journey.
—You shouldn't watch TV too much.It's bad ___your eyes.
A．on B．in
C．for D．with
7．(2019·江苏泰州)Ladies and Gentlemen，welcome to Beijing！And if you need any help，please call me ___010-55586390.
A．at B．on
C．with D．by
C　
A　
8．(2021·黑龙江哈尔滨改编)We celebrated the 100th birthday of the Communist Party of China ___July 1st,2021.
A．in B．on
C．at D．for
9．(2021·辽宁营口)___such a cold morning，I also got up________6 o'clock to go for a run as usual.
A．Before；in B．At；to
C．On；at D．In；at
B　
C　
10．(2021·贵州铜仁)—Taiwan lies ___the southeast of China，and it is ________the east of Fujian.
—OK，I want to visit it some day.
A．in；to B．on；to
C．to；in D．to；on
A　
11．(2021·江苏苏州)Football fans are often called the “12th man” because of their influence ___a team.
A．to B．from
C．on D．at
12．(2021·辽宁本溪)Cathy always makes good use of her time to study，even ___her lunch break.
A．around B．during
C．from D．between
C　
B　
13．(2021·湖北襄阳)—I'm proud of our China's Tiangong Station plan.
—Me，too.We have taken another step ___our space dream.
A．behind B．towards
C．across D．besides
B　
14．(2021·江苏泰州)—Why do you choose to use Beidou Navigation (导航) Satellite System，Mr.Li
—Because I think it has many advantages___GPS (全球卫星导航系统)．
A．on B．in
C．over D．of
C　
15．(2021·湖北武汉)—I could tell ___the look on her face that something exciting had happened.
—Exactly!
A．on B．with
C．by D．at
16．(2021·黑龙江龙东地区改编)Thanks to the video Visiting the World Online，we can enjoy the sights ___leaving home.
A．with B．by
C．without D．after
C　
C　
三、根据中文意思完成句子，一空一词。
1．(2021·陕西改编)他们俩出生在同一天。
They were born____ the same_____.
2．(2021·辽宁朝阳)毫无疑问，中国现在更加擅长制造高科技产品。
　________ ______，China is much better at making high technology products now.
on day　
Without doubt