2022年中考英语二轮专题复习课件：专题8 动词的分类（83张ppt）

(共83张PPT)
第二篇　攻专题 · 能力提升
第一部分　中考语法专题突破
专题八 动词的分类
知识网络
动词的分类
1．行为动词辨析
行为动词(或称实义动词)分为及物动词和不及物动词，表示动作或状态，在句中能独立作谓语。
考点精析
考点1　动词词义辨析
知识精讲
动词 举例
及物动词 remind；notice；allow；promise；buy；
catch；eat；find；give；hear；love；write
不及物动词 arrive；come；die；jump；appear；fall；rise；listen；agree
2.连系动词辨析
连系动词本身有一定词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成复合谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。
连系动词 含义
状态系动词 be(am，is，are) 是
感官系动词 look 看上去
smell 闻起来
taste 尝起来
sound 听起来
feel 摸起来；感觉
连系动词 含义
变化系动词 become 变为；成为
get 变成；变得
go 变为；成为
grow 长得；变成
turn 变成
连系动词 含义
持续系动词 keep 保持
remain 仍然是
stay 维持
表象系动词 seem 看起来；似乎；好像
appear 看来；似乎
3.近义动词(组)辨析
四“看” look；see；watch；read (详细内容见本书P14)
四“提供” provide；offer；give；supply (详细内容见本书P45)
四“说” speak；tell；talk；say (详细内容见本书P11)
五“花费” spend；pay；cost； take；afford (详细内容见本书P76)
五“穿” wear；have...on； dress；put on；(be)in... (详细内容见本书P13)
1．解答行为动词辨析的题时，首先弄清所给选项中动词的词义及用法，然后根据语法点或固定搭配等排除不符合语境的选项。
【例题】 (2021·山东东营改编)－What a great success the film has made!
—That's true.So far it has ________ tens of millions of people to go to the cinema.
A．attracted B．expected
C．requested D．encouraged
方法突破
【答案】A
【解析】句意：“这部电影很成功啊！”“是的。到目前为止，它已经________数千万人到电影院去观看。”attracted吸引；expected预料；requested请求；encouraged鼓励。分析句意可知attracted符合语境。故选A。
【跟进训练1】 (2021·辽宁本溪)Our hero Yue Fei ___ to devote(贡献) himself to the country at a young age.
A．failed B．forgot
C．promised D．refused
C　
2．解答连系动词辨析的题时，可以用词义辨析法。首先弄清所给选项的词义，然后根据具体的语境明确答案。
【例题】 (2021·河北)The trip ________really exciting to me.How I wish to go!
A．sounds B．smells
C．tastes D．feels
【答案】A
【解析】sound听起来；smell闻起来；taste尝起来；feel摸起来。结合句意“这次旅行在我看来________很令人兴奋。我好希望去啊！”可知，sound符合语境。
【跟进训练2】 (2021·青海改编)Mom is cooking chicken soup.It ___ so good.
A．sounds B．tastes
C．smells D．feels
C　
3．在解答近义动词辨析和词义相对类动词词义辨析的题目时，首先弄清楚每个动词的相关结构、搭配等，再根据语境及提示词句判断答案。
【例题】 (2021·黑龙江大庆)My mother often ________ me a story in the evening.
A．tells B．says
C．speaks D．talks
【答案】A
【解析】四个动词都可表示“说”。tell告诉，其后常接双宾语；say强调说的内容，常与to搭配；speak说，其后通常接语言；talk是不及物动词，常与about、with、to等介词搭配使用。空后接的是双宾语“me a story”，四个动词中只有tell能接双宾语，故选A。
【跟进训练3】 (2021·湖北黄石)It's parents' job to ___ a clean and comfortable environment at home ________ their children.
A．support；with B．offer；with
C．give；for D．provide；for
D　
情态动词有一定的词义，但词义不完整，不能独立作谓语，必须和动词原形连用，表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度和看法。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
考点 2　情态动词
知识精讲
情态动词 用法 举例
can 表示能力，意为“能、会” She can swim fast，but I can't.她能游得快，但我不能。
表示请求、允许，意为“可以” You can borrow my dictionary.你可以借我的字典。
表示推测，意为“可能”，用于否定句和疑问句 Can the news be true？这个消息是真的吗？He can't have gone there alone.他不可能独自去那里。
情态动词 用法 举例
could 表示过去的能力，意为“能、会” No one could answer the question at that time.那时没有人能回答这个问题。
表示委婉的请求 (注意疑问句的回答) —Could I go there with you
我能和你一起去那里吗？
—Yes，you can./No，you can't.是的，你能。/不，你不能。
情态动词 用法 举例
may 表示请求、许可，意为“可以”(注意疑问句的回答) —May I borrow your pen？我可以借一下你的钢笔吗？
—Yes，you may./No，you can't.是的，你可以。/不，你不可以。
表示推测，意为“可能、也许”，用于肯定句 It may rain this afternoon.今天下午可能会下雨。
情态动词 用法 举例
might 表示推测，可能性小于may He is absent from school.He might be sick.他不在学校。他可能是生病了。
must 表示主观看法，意为“必须、应当” (注意疑问句的回答) —Must we clean all the rooms？我们必须打扫所有的房间吗？
—Yes，you must./No，you needn't./No，you don't have to.是的，你们必须。/不，你们不必。
表示推测，意为“准是、肯定是”，用于肯定句 He must know where Li Lei lives.他肯定知道李磊住在哪里。
情态动词 用法 举例
have to 表示客观需要，意为“必须、不得不” It's too late.He has to leave now.太晚了。他现在必须要离开了。
need 意为 “需要、有必要”(注意疑问句的回答) —Need I stay here any longer？我还有必要留在这儿吗？
—Yes，you must./No，you needn't.是的，你必须(留在这儿)。/不，你不需要。
情态动词 用法 举例
shall 表示征求对方的意见(用于第一人称) Shall we go out for a walk？我们出去散散步好吗？
should 表示劝告、建议、义务、责任，意为“应该” We should protect our environment.我们应该保护我们的环境。
will 表示意愿、意志、打算，意为“会、愿意” I will help you if I am free this afternoon.今天下午如果我有空，我就会帮你。
情态动词 用法 举例
would 表示主观愿望或意志，意为“愿 意” I told him that I would go along with him.我告诉他我将和他一起去。I would like a cup of tea.我想喝杯茶。
表示请求或征求意见 Would you please not smoke here？请不要在这儿吸烟好吗？
表示过去的习惯，意为“总是、总 会” When I was a child，I would go swimming with other children in summer.小时候，在夏天我总会同别的孩子一块儿去游泳。
情态动词 用法 举例
would 表示对未来的想象 I would have two wings and then fly to the moon.我想有一对翅膀，然后飞到月球上去。
had better 表示建议，意为“最好” You had better not give the book to him.你最好不要把这本书给他。
情态动词的用法口诀：情态动词can、may、must，人称与数无变化，动词原形跟着它。can表能力与可能；may表可能与许可；must表责任与义务，否定回答needn't换；have to “被迫”表客观。
1．解答考查情态动词的题时，首先浏览题干，快速判断是否是常用句型，如Can I．..？May I．..？如果不是，接着分析所给选项的含义，然后根据具体的语境确定答案。
【例题】 (2020·湖北武汉)—I don't care what people think.
—Well，you________. Some opinions are worth weighing.
A．might B．should
C．could D．would
方法突破
【答案】B
【解析】句意：“我不在意别人怎么想。”“嗯，你________。一些想法值得认真考虑。”考查情态动词。might可能；should应该；could能够；would将。根据“Some opinions are worth weighing.”可知此处表示“应该”在意别人的看法，用情态动词should。
【跟进训练4】(2021·辽宁盘锦)My car is broken.___ you please give me a lift
A．Must B．Need
C．Should D．Could
D　
2．当情态动词用于表示推测时，若是肯定推测，就选must；若是否定推测，则常选用can't；若是不太有把握的推测，则常选用may、might。
【例题】 (2021·辽宁朝阳)—What will the weather be like tomorrow
—It ________ be rainy，cloudy or sunny.I am not sure.
A．must B．may
C．can't D．should
【答案】B
【解析】must一定；may可能；can't不可能；should应该。根据答语后一句“I am not sure.”可知，空格处表示不确定的推测，用may。
【跟进训练5】 (2021·辽宁葫芦岛)Sit down，please.You ___ be tired after standing for so long.
A．could B．can
C．must D．might
C　
动词短语在意义上相当于一个实义动词。下列是一些中考试题中常见的动词短语：
◆break短语
break out 爆发　 break off 突然中断
break up 打碎，破碎 break down发生故障
考点3　动词短语
知识精讲
◆look短语
look around环顾 look at看
look after照顾，照料 look back回顾
look down向下看 look for寻找
look into调查 look like看起来像
look out当心 look over仔细检查
look through浏览 look up查阅，向上看
◆come短语
come across偶然遇见 come back回来
come down下降 come into进入
come from来自 come in 进来
come true实现 come out出现，出版
come over顺便来访 come on加油
come up (太阳)升起，上升
◆make短语
make up编造，化妆 make up for补偿，弥补
make fun of 取笑，戏弄 make sure of 确认
make use of 利用
make a mistake犯错误
make a decision做决定
make a living谋生，维持生活
make friends with与……交朋友
make a difference有影响，有关系，起作用
◆put短语
put away把……收起来 put down写下，记下
put in插入，放进 put on穿上，增加(体重)
put off推迟 put out扑灭
put up搭建，张贴 put up with容忍
◆take短语
take on呈现 take out取出
take over接管 take up从事，占据
take in吸入，吞入(体内) take down取下，记录
take away拿走，带走 take after与……长得像
take off脱下(衣服)，(飞机)起飞
◆turn短语
turn off关掉 turn down调低，拒绝
turn on打开 turn into(使)变成
turn over翻身，翻转 turn around转身
◆get短语
get to到达 get out出去，离开
get on上车 get in进入
get off下车 get back回来
get over克服
get through顺利通过；(用电话)接通；完成；用完
◆give短语
give up放弃 give off发出，释放
give out分发 give in屈服
give away捐赠 give back归还
◆go短语
go back回去 go out出去
go on继续 go away走开
go by时间流逝 go off(闹钟)发出响声
go over复习 go through经历，检查
◆含on的动词短语
depend on/upon 依靠，信赖
keep on继续(进行) pass on传递
try on试穿 work on从事，继续工作
hold on等一等(别挂电话)
concentrate on全神贯注，聚精会神
live/feed on以……为主食，靠……为生
◆含off的动词短语
cut off 切除 keep off不接近
pay off偿清(欠款等) see off送别，送行
send off派遣 set off动身，启程
shut off 关闭，停止运转
◆含up的动词短语
bring up教育，培养 cheer up使振奋
clean up打扫干净 cut up切碎
fix up修理，修补 get up起床
grow up成长，长大 hang up挂断电话
hurry up赶快，快点 mix up混合在一起
pick up拾起 stay up不睡觉，熬夜
show up出席，露面 wake up睡醒，醒来
turn up调大 set up建立
dress up装扮 use up用完，用光，耗尽
◆含about的动词短语
learn about了解 hear about听说
talk about谈论 care about关心
bring about导致 set about开始，着手
worry about担心 think about考虑
◆含away的动词短语
get away 离开，逃脱 move away搬走
run away逃跑，跑掉 throw away扔掉
keep away from 远离
◆含at的动词短语
arrive at到达 laugh at嘲笑
knock at敲(门、窗等) point at指向
shout at对……大喊 throw at投向，掷向
aim at瞄准，旨在
◆含with的动词短语
agree with同意 begin with以……开始
deal with解决，处理 catch up with赶上，追上
keep up with紧跟，跟上 come up with提出，想出
connect with与……相连
get on/along well with与……友好相处
◆含out的动词短语
find out找出，查明 hand out分发
run out用完 try out试验
work out解决
考生在平时的学习中要不断积累动词短语并掌握其用法；做题时结合语境正确理解句意有助于准确判断所选用的动词短语。
【例题】(2020·湖北黄冈)—It is very cold outside，dear. You have to ________your warm jacket.
—OK. I will，Mom.
A．put on B．put off
C．take off D．take up
方法突破
【答案】A
【解析】句意：“亲爱的，外面非常冷。你必须________你的保暖的夹克。”“好的。我会的，妈妈。”考查动词短语辨析。put on穿上；put off推迟；take off脱下；take up从事。根据“It is very cold outside”及“your warm jacket”可知，外面很冷，所以要“穿上”保暖的夹克，故空格处选put on。
【跟进训练6】(2021·辽宁朝阳)—Hurry up！Our plane will ___ soon.
—Don't worry.We still have enough time.
A．take down B．take off
C．take up D．take after
B　
1．(2020·泸州)—How was your trip in the mountains last weekend
—Fantastic.We even ___ a tent by the lake and lay in it.
A．put on B．put off
C．put down D．put up
四川中考真题精练
D　
2．(泸州)—The baby is sleeping.Please ___the radio.
—Sorry，I'll do it right now.
A．turn up B．turn down
C．turn on D．turn over
3．(达州)—Look! The woman at the school gate _____ be our headmaster.
—No, it ________ be her. She is holding a meeting in the office now.
A．must；can’t B．must；mustn’t
C．can；needn’t D．may；mustn’t
B　
A　
4．(2021·自贡)—___I take a seat here
―No，you can't.They're only for the old and children.
A．May B．Must
C．Will
5．(2021·雅安)___you hear someone crying Let's go and see what's happening.
A．May B．Need
C．Can D．Must
A　
C　
6．(2020·甘孜州)We have to ___the sports meeting for the bad weather.
A．put on B．put up
C．put off
7．(2020·广元)The song Dream It Possible often reminds me that we should always try our best and never ___catching our dreams.
A．give up B．take up
C．put up
C　
A　
8. (2020·自贡) —We should form the good habit of saving food now.
—I agree，so I always ___ the food I order.
A．eat up B．give up
C．turn up
9．(2020·成都)—Look! People outside are wearing thick coats.
—The weather ___be very cold.
A．might B．must
C．can't
A　
B　
10．(2020·攀枝花)—China is going to use AI to protect the Great Wall.
—Great! AI is so helpful that people ___use it in their daily life now.
A．must B．can
C．shall D．have to
B　
一、词汇运用。
1．(2020·贵州铜仁)Big sale！_____(买) more and save more.
2．(2020·浙江宁波)Now all the e bike riders in Ningbo_____(必须) wear helmets while riding.
3．(2020·浙江金华改编)Walking through the streets of Singapore, you can ______(听到) different languages spoken, such as English, Chinese and Malay.
2022年迎考特训
Buy　
must　
hear　
4．(2020·江苏苏州)In ancient times, food was ______(存储) up for winter.
5．(2020·山东日照)Our head teacher always __________ (鼓励) us to solve problems by ourselves.
6．(2019·江苏宿迁)Professor Xu gave us a talk on how to ______　(保护) the environment last week.
7．(2019·江苏宿迁)The machine is hard to ________(控制)．There must be something wrong with it.
stored　
encourages　
protect　
control　
8．(2019·江苏苏州)Everyone should _____(行动) now to separate rubbish into different groups.
9．(2019·浙江宁波)The two little girls often stay together to ______　(分享) their secrets.
10．(2019·浙江宁波)We can see clearly that Mongolia _____(位于) between China and Russia on the map.
act　
share　
lies　
二、单项选择。
1．(2020·江苏泰州)This pair of trousers ___smooth because they are made of Chinese silk.
A．feels B．feel
C．is felt D．are felt
A　
2．(2020·江苏泰州)—Song of Autumn by Liu Yuxi describes autumn in a different way.
—I agree.Most poets(诗人) describe this season to ___a feeling of sadness，but in Liu's eyes autumn is full of life and hope.
A．excuse B．express
C．expect D．explain
B　
3．(2021·江苏常州)Don't___your child with others because every child is a treasure.
A．compare B．complain
C．contact D．consider
4．(2019·甘肃酒泉)Don't forget to ___the lights when they are not in use!
A．turn over B．turn off
C．turn up D．turn on
A　
B　
5．(2019·广东)Dirty air and water are harmful.They ___kill plants，and even people.
A．can B．can't
C．should D．shouldn't
6．(2020·江苏盐城)These activities at bedtime can get kids excited and make it hard for them to___and sleep.
A．come down B．break down
C．calm down D．sit down
A　
C　
7．(2021·天津)The government plans to ___more jobs for young people in western China.
A．create B．avoid
C．borrow D．guess
8．(2021·湖北黄石)—How long may I ___your magazine
—For one week.But it mustn't ________to others.
A．borrow；lend B．keep；be lent
C．lend；be borrowed D．have；lend
A　
B　
9．(2021·湖北荆州)—Jack，look at the time.___you play the violin at such a late hour
—Sorry，dear.I'll stop right now.
A．Will B．Can
C．May D．Must
10．(2021·辽宁本溪)Junior high school days are over and it's hard to ___our dear teachers and friends.
A．separate from B．deal with
C．believe in D．depend on
D　
A　
11．(2021·贵州铜仁)—Must I wash my clothes at once，Mom
—No，you___.You ________wash them before 5:00 p．m.
A．needn't；may B．mustn't；may
C．needn't；need D．mustn't；must
12．(2021·湖北襄阳)—Would you please___what you said
—Sure.I asked you to have a rest.It's too hot today.
A．show B．spell
C．review D．repeat
A　
D　
13．(2021·云南)—Did you have a welcome party for Laura last night
—No，we didn't.It was ___because Laura was in hospital.
A．put off B．taken off
C．cut off D．turned off
14．(2021·辽宁葫芦岛)These photos ___the doctors' unusual working experiences.
A．record B．receive
C．remember D．realize
A　
A　
15．(2021·辽宁葫芦岛)—Sam，let's ___these old things.I don't need them anymore.
—No.We can try to put them to good use.
A．pull down B．fix up
C．hand out D．throw away
16．(2021·辽宁营口)—May I fish here
—Sorry，you ___.Look at the sign“No fishing”！
A．may B．mustn't
C．can D．needn't
D　
B　
17．(2019·湖北武汉) —Have you ___chemistry for the coming exam
—Yes.I'm quite ready for it.
A．repeated B．copied
C．marked D．reviewed
18．(2020·江苏泰州)Sandy seldom goes out at weekends because reading ___most of her free time.
A．takes up B．takes on
C．takes off D．takes out
D　
A　
19．(2021·黑龙江齐齐哈尔改编)Elephants are smart animals.They have good memories.They can walk for a long time and never___.
A．get mad B．get lost
C．get worried D．get angry
20．(2019·吉林改编)We always ___our classroom every Friday afternoon.
A．clean up B．put up
C．use up D．look up
B　
A　
21．(2019·辽宁铁岭)My cousin volunteers in the children's home.His job is to ___food and clothes.
A．sell out B．work out
C．hand out D．find out
22．(2019·辽宁辽阳)John didn't get the job he wanted.Let's go and ___.
A．turn him down B．call him back
C．cheer him up D．let him down
C　
C　
23．(2019·辽宁辽阳)It's impolite to ___your teachers' office without knocking at the door.
A．describe B．check
C．choose D．enter
24．(2020·黑龙江哈尔滨改编)—Whose magazine is this
—It___be Nancy's.Look! Her name is on its cover(封面)．
A．must B．can't
C．mustn't D．shouldn't
D　
A　
25．(2019·辽宁营口)—We'll visit the old people's home this weekend.How can we let all the students know it
—We'd better ___notices around the school.
A．make up B．put up
C．take up D．look up
B　
26．(2019·辽宁葫芦岛)Every evening my father ___newspapers while my mother watches TV.
A．puts up B．looks for
C．gives away D．looks through
D　
27．(2019·内蒙古包头)Everything from how we cook meat to what we eat for dinner can ___our brain health.
A．take pride in
B．have an interest in
C．play a role in
D．believe in
C　
28．(2019·辽宁辽阳)The dish smells delicious，but it ___a little salty.
A．looks B．tastes
C．feels D．sounds
29．(2021·海南改编)—What are you going to be when you ___
—I want to be a doctor like Wu Mengchao.
A．grow up B．turn up
C．get up D．put up
B　
A　
30．(2021·黑龙江哈尔滨改编)—Who is your favorite teacher
—Mrs.Lee.She always helps me ___the problems.
A．work out B．come out
C．give out D．put out
31．(2021·湖北武汉)—Do you have any new findings in the report
—Yes，we have___10,000 people，and 90% of them would like to buy our new products.
A．chosen B．surveyed
C．examined D．listed
A　
B　
三、根据中文意思完成句子，一空一词。
1．(2021·重庆)离开房间时记得关灯。
Remember to_______ ______the lights when you leave the room.
2．(2021·辽宁营口)歌曲《少年》告诉人们不要放弃梦想。
The song The Youth tells people never to _______ _____their dreams.
turn off　
give up　
3．(2021·辽宁营口)政府为贫困地区的学生提供了些新的计算机设备。
The government_______________the students in poor areas______　some new computer equipment.
4．(2021·辽宁盘锦改编)老师为我们在学业上取得的进步感到骄傲。
The teacher is ______ ____our progress on schoolwork.
5．(2021·湖北黄冈)我们的英语老师总是在课堂上编造一些有趣的对话。(make)
Our English teacher always_______ ____some interesting dialogues in class.
provides/provided with　
proud of　
makes up