外研版必修3Module 2 Developing and Developed Countries单元测试题 2（含答案）
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| 名称 | 外研版必修3Module 2 Developing and Developed Countries单元测试题 2（含答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-01-23 18:03:32 | ||
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Module 2 Developing and Developed Countries
单元测试题
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）
第二部分： 阅读理解 （共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Field trip guide
Where: Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge
Contact: Susan Kain 208-467-9278
Suitability: Adults, Teens
Looking for volunteers (志愿者) (18 or older) to help at a station for our Discover Wildlife Journeys field trip for 4th - 6th graders! No teaching experience necessary. All training provided.
The field trips are Tuesdays through Thursdays 9:30 am - 2:30 pm September and October.
Sales clerk
Where: Hiram M. Chittenden Locks
Contact: Volunteer Clearinghouse 800-865-8337
Suitability: Adults
A volunteer job with Discover Your Northwest is open for part-time work year round. Volunteers will help customers and provide cashier (出纳员) duties in a small bookstore in the Class A visitor center at the Hiram M. Chittenden Locks.
RV volunteer
Where: Natchez National Historical Park
Contact: Melissa Tynes 601-446-5790
Suitability: Adults, Groups, Family
There are many chances at Natchez National Historical Park, including Visitor Center Assistant, Gardener, Tour Guide, etc. Two RV sites have just been added! We require at least 32 hours of service a week, per site, and at least 3 months of volunteer service. Volunteers should have the ability to communicate with visitors of different age groups and cultures.
Visitor Center host
Where: Kingsley Plantation
Contact: Emily Palmer 904-251-3537
Suitability: Adults
Volunteers provide services to park visitors on a daily basis. Primary duties include greeting visitors in the Visitor Center, answering questions about the park, making sales, answering phone calls, etc.
Skills needed: Good communication skills and an interest in natural and cultural history.
21. What is a requirement for volunteering as field trip guides
A. Volunteers must work daily.
B. Teaching experience is a must.
C. Volunteers must be at least 18 years old.
D. 3 months of volunteer service is required.
22. Which number should you call if you want to volunteer in a bookstore
A. 208-467-9278.
B. 800-865-8337.
C. 601-446-5790.
D. 904-251-3537.
23. Which of the following is suitable for family volunteers
A. Field trip guide.
B. Sales clerk.
C. RV volunteer.
D. Visitor Center host.
B
I’d been thinking of taking a course on scuba-diving (水肺潜水) for months, but wasn’t sure because I was afraid of snakes! Sea snakes. Just thinking about it made me sick.
But then, I wanted to know why people loved it so much. They all said that under the sea was like a totally different world, yet a beautiful one. And because of that, I decided to take the risk and try to face my fear.
So, after taking a private course from my diving instructor, Mbak Vita, I went to Sepa Island with her, to take the final exam.
First dive, 12 meters in depth. “What am I doing ” I asked myself. “What if something bad happened ” I tried hard not to panic and told myself to keep a good thought, “It’s gonna be a wonderful experience. Just do it!” Then I went down. My heart beat fast and my ears hurt as I went deeper. I followed Vita’s instructions closely until I felt comfortable to explore (探索) the sea.
Suddenly all around me was green. It felt like I was living in a green world! I saw some corals (珊瑚), big ones, and lots of beautiful fish hiding in the sand.
I was enjoying the beauty all around me when my instructor waved at me with her hand holding a pink flipper (橡胶蹼). “That flipper looks familiar,” I thought. Yes! That was my flipper! I didn’t realize that my right flipper had managed to get away from my right foot!
So, that was the first dive. In total, we dove 5 times in 2 days. We managed to dive up to 18 meters in depth. The next dives were smooth and for sure I didn’t lose my flipper! I was so happy to see different types of fish swimming in front of me as if I was invisible (不可见的). It was indeed so beautiful and peaceful down there. Now I can see why people love diving under the sea.
24. How did the author feel about learning scuba-diving at first
A. Uncertain.
B. Excited.
C. Comfortable.
D. Disappointed.
25. What does the underlined word “panic” in Paragraph 4 mean
A. Feel tired and sleepy.
B. Keep cool and relaxed.
C. Keep quiet and patient.
D. Feel nervous and worried.
26. What happened during the author’s first dive
A. She saw a sea snake.
B. A flipper fell off her foot.
C. The sea water turned green.
D. She lost her instructor in the sea.
27. What would be the best title for the text
A. A pleasant trip to the beach
B. My first experience with scuba-diving
C. Why a person starts scuba-diving
D. How scuba-diving affects my life
C
When Hanadi was 4, her school was destroyed in the civil war. Soon after, her family left Syria to live as refugees (难民) in nearby Lebanon. Hanadi joined a school there but was fearful to go. Her experience is not unusual. There are now nearly 25.4 million refugees around the world, according to the United Nations refugee agency. About half are children. Most refugees today are from Syria, where civil war broke out in 2011.
To help kids affected by the situation, Sesame Street and the International Rescue Committee (IRC) have teamed up to create a new version (版本) of Sesame Street especially for Syrian refugees, using Muppets (木偶) as teachers. “We don’t just want to help children learn letters and numbers,” said Sherrie Westin, who works at Sesame Workshop. “We want to help them feel less alone.”
There are more than 150 international versions of Sesame Street. In Germany, kids watch Sesamstrasse, while Mexico has Plaza Sésamo. Each version includes math and spelling lessons. Some characters are the same as in the American version. But other things are different: The Muppets speak the local language and wear local clothes.
The new version will include situations that are familiar to Syrian refugee kids. Some of the Muppets, for example, may have been forced to leave their home. “Kids can watch the Muppets work through big problems the kids are dealing with themselves,” the IRC’s Sarah Smith says.
For the world’s 12 million refugee children, there is little chance to receive good education. And even if kids go to school, they may have fallen behind in their studies. Often, they are traumatized (使受精神创伤) by what they’ve been through.
The new Sesame Street will meet the public in 2019. Sesame Workshop expects that more than 9 million children will be able to watch the show on a TV, computer, or mobile phone. Hanadi may be one of them.
28. What happened to 4-year-old Hanadi
A. She dropped out of school.
B. She was injured in the war.
C. She fell behind in her studies.
D. She became afraid to go to school.
29. Why was the new version of Sesame Street created
A. To increase the show’s popularity.
B. To improve education in poor areas.
C. To help refugee kids get through hard times.
D. To teach kids who can’t afford to go to school.
30. What do different versions of Sesame Street have in common
A. They all teach math and spelling.
B. They were all named Sesame Street.
C. The characters are exactly the same.
D. The characters wear the same clothes.
31. What can we learn about the new version of Sesame Street
A. The story happens in Syria.
B. It will appear on the screen in 2019.
C. It will hopefully reach 12 million children.
D. The idea was brought up by Sherrie Westin.
D
If you’ve been in public in the past year or so, chances are you’ve noticed someone breaking dining etiquette (礼仪) that would seem second-nature to any adult. Why does our dining etiquette seem to be at an all-time low right now
“Overall, there’s much less feeling about the common good, which means caring about your neighbor — whether at home or in a restaurant,” said Steven Petrow, who writes articles for USA Today.
Take the use of cellphones at the table. While a 2015 survey by the Pew Research Center found that 38 percent of those surveyed thought it was acceptable to use their phones while dining out, the increasing number of cellphone bans in restaurants shows that restaurants aren’t putting up with it.
However, some look on the growing use of cellphones as a sign that manners (礼貌) change alongside our society.
“Manners change,” said the writer behind a food site The Takeout. “What we consider improper isn’t set in stone.” She points out the other “rules” that have since become outdated nowadays, like saying “Sir” and “Ma’am,” as proof of this change.
Yes, traditional manners are yet another thing being redefined (重新定义) by youth. “Younger people are growing up in a world with more flexible (灵活的) rules, and this spreads to the dining table,” said Daniel Levine, director of global trends consultancy The Avant-Guide Institute.
Whether you prefer high-end restaurants or a fast-casual meal, the biggest reason behind the decline of manners may just be a numbers game.
“I believe it is more likely for people to break dining ‘rules’ because they go out and eat more often,” said Diane Gottsman, owner of The Protocol School of Texas. “Years ago, people stayed home and sat around the family table. Today, there are more people in the workforce, which makes it more affordable for socializing and eating out. With new chance comes the possibility for more dining problems.”
32. What did the 2015 survey find
A. Many people accepted using phones at the table.
B. Cellphones were banned in more and more restaurants.
C. Most of the surveyed people used phones while eating out.
D. Few restaurants took positions on using phones while eating.
33. Why was the example of “Sir” and “Ma’am” mentioned
A. To show modern people are becoming impolite.
B. To explain dining rules in high-end restaurants.
C. To prove dining etiquette changes through time.
D. To argue young people are making dining rules today.
34. According to Diane Gottsman, people forget their dining manners more often because _____.
A. they think they’re unimportant
B. they grew up with flexible rules
C. they have more chances to eat out
D. they must hurry meals to get back to work
35. What’s the author’s purpose in writing this text
A. To introduce changes in dining manners.
B. To encourage people to have dining manners.
C. To report survey findings on dining manners.
D. To discuss the reasons for poor dining manners.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you want to write a strong essay, it is important to make sure you have three clear parts in your paper: the introduction, the body, and the conclusion.
36 It’s used to catch your readers’ attention and tell them what the essay will be about. Start with information they will need to know in order to understand your topic. Your thesis statement (论点) tells the readers the point or main idea of your essay. 37 Besides, many teachers suggest making your first sentence eye-catching.
Once you have written a good opening paragraph, it is time to write the body. You’ll usually produce at least three supporting paragraphs. 38 After you have written a supporting paragraph, read it and ask yourself: does it prove what I’m trying to say Remember, if you want to write a strong essay, one paragraph will center on one idea. 39
Finally, a strong essay should end with a strong conclusion. When writing this paragraph, ask yourself the following question. 40 This is your last chance to make an impression on your readers, so tell them one last time what you wanted to prove and how you proved it. Be sure not to simply restate your thesis statement.
A. So, it should appear in the first paragraph.
B. Does this paragraph support my thesis statement
C. What do I want them to walk away thinking about
D. Your first paragraph is probably the most important.
E. Of course, you can have as many as you need to prove your point.
F. In other words, you want to attract your readers and keep them reading.
G. If you have two ideas in a single paragraph, break it up into two paragraphs.
第三部分： 语言知识运用 （共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I used to be a radio broadcaster. Recently I received a 41 from the activity director at a nursing home. She told me there are a couple of former broadcasters who live in the home and they would 42 a visit from someone with a 43 background who can trade stories with them about the good old days. I’m retired (退休), and I have 44 time so I said sure, I’d come for a 45 or two. That has developed into a routine (惯例) in which I spend an afternoon each week 46 the old men and helping them to 47 memories of happier, busier times.
One of them can only 48 in a wheelchair and, 49 still, has dementia (痴呆) and knows he is 50 losing his memory and ability to think. My other new 51 in the home is about ten years older than I. He has cerebral palsy (a medical condition affecting someone’s control over their movement and speech), and is also a wheelchair user. Neither man can 52 independently anymore; they can’t drive a car, can’t prepare their own meals or plant a garden. They’re being well 53 . They have television, people to serve their daily needs and workers at the home who try their best to keep them 54 . They have family members who visit them from time to time and now I 55 they have me. It makes me 56 what lies ahead, perhaps not for a number of years, perhaps tomorrow, I don’t 57 .
The thought of being dead doesn’t 58 me. I’m getting older and I’m still going strong and feeling 59 . I go to visit the men in the nursing home and sometimes I look ahead into the unknown. Life gets 60 in unexpected ways as one gets older.
41. A. gift B. call C. prize D. warning
42. A. enjoy B. pay C. allow D. plan
43. A. special B. wide C. different D. similar
44. A. little B. perfect C. free D. quiet
45. A. visit B. holiday C. check D. lesson
46. A. talking with B. working with C. looking for D. cheering for
47. A. make B. search C. bring back D. give away
48. A. stand up B. show up C. hold on D. move about
49. A. stranger B. worse C. closer D. luckier
50. A. secretly B. directly C. suddenly D. slowly
51. A. patient B. friend C. student D. director
52. A. live B. practice C. stay D. learn
53. A. trained B. educated C. depended on D. cared for
54. A. proud B. silent C. comfortable D. popular
55. A. suggest B. guess C. imagine D. forget
56. A. regret B. believe C. prevent D. consider
57. A. know B. remember C. understand D. choose
58. A. surprise B. worry C. help D. excite
59. A. nervous B. sorry C. certain D. great
60. A. tiresome B. meaningless C. interesting D. easy
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Seychelles, a group of islands in the Indian Ocean, has been called one of 61. ________ most beautiful places on Earth. Now there 62. ________ (be) some problems, though. Many of the country’s most populated areas are in low-lying areas near the water. As sea levels rise, many people will become 63. ________ (home). Besides, the country’s 64. ________ (tour) is being hurt. The Seychelles’s famous beaches are being eroded (侵蚀) by the rising water, as well as by storms 65. ________ grow more powerful each year. In addition, the country’s coral reefs, a popular tourist attraction, are in danger of disappearing because of warmer water.
66. ________ (fight) these problems, the government of the Seychelles has been trying to relocate people 67. ________ (live) in low-lying coastal areas to higher ground.
68. ________ (unfortunate), there isn’t enough land for many of these people. The country’s people are also trying to bring 69. ________ much attention as possible to global warming and the danger it brings about. They point out that if these things happen to the Seychelles, they can happen to big 70. ________ (country) like the United States, China, or Brazil next.
第四部分： 写作 （共两节，满分35分）
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I found some beautiful small stones when I walk along the beach. I picked some up and put it in my pocket. Then I noticed of that my dog was running to me with a piece of wood in his mouth. When he got to me, he dropped it. It was a leg from a old chair. I collected it. By the time I ready to go home, I had had quite a collection of thing from the beach. While clean them later, I sudden had the idea of creating a piece of art with them. I took a photo for the finished piece and posted it to the Internet. To myself surprise, a lot of people liked it.
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是校英文报的兼职编辑，“Problems and Solutions” 栏目将举行征文活动，请你用英语写一则征稿启事，刊登在报纸上。内容包括：
1. 主题：发展中国家面临的问题。
2. 内容：(1) 发展中国家面临哪些问题以及如何解决；(2) 发达国家应该怎样予以帮助。
3. 投稿时间：2月10日之前。
注意： 1. 词数100左右（标题已给出，但不计入总词数）；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Write us an article！
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
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选做题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
You probably know many of the things that you can do with the hundreds of different muscles in your body. But have you ever thought about how the muscles (肌肉) in an animal’s body are different from yours
Lions depend on their ability to hunt (猎杀) other animals to survive. Lions must be fast in order to catch their prey (猎物). The powerful muscles in their legs allow them to run at speeds of more than 30 miles per hour. They can also jump a distance of more than 35 feet. The strong muscles in their body help them become great hunters.
Snakes also use their muscles for hunting prey and for movement, but their muscles work in very different ways to lions’. Scientists have found a snake has between 10,000 and 15,000 muscles — more than humans and most animals, including lions. The snake manages its powerful muscles to create a wavelike movement down its body. These waves push against the ground or other objects to move the snake forward.
Snakes’ muscles allow them to swallow (吞下) things that seem much too large. Can you imagine eating a whole watermelon in a single swallow But a snake may eat an egg that is larger than the width of its body. Why does the snake have this amazing ability The snake moves its strong neck muscles to help push the egg along as the snake swallows.
The trunk, or long nose, of an elephant contains a large number of muscles. Scientists believe the trunk alone has more than 100,000 muscles! This is because the elephant uses its trunk much in the same way that people use their hands. Even though the trunk is large, it can do things that are completely impossible for most other animals.
Now you know how unbelievable the specialized muscles of these animals are. They are made to do the things that are most important for its survival.
1. Which of the following have the most muscles
A. Lions.
B. Snakes.
C. Humans.
D. Elephants.
2. Why does the author ask the underlined question
A. To explain how humans use muscles.
B. To explain how snakes swallow eggs.
C. To show snakes’ great ability to swallow.
D. To show the importance of neck muscles.
3. What does the author tell us about an elephant’s trunk
A. It is more powerful than human hands.
B. It works likes the body of a snake.
C. It can carry out difficult tasks.
D. It has a great sense of smell.
4. How is the text organized
CP: Central Point P: Point
Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion
B
One thing that seems to hold a lot of people back from setting and achieving big goals is the need for security (安全). Security is a feeling of certainty that everything is OK and that all your basic needs will be provided for. On the surface there’s nothing wrong with that. It’s great to feel secure. Abraham Maslow lists it as one of the basic human needs. If we don’t feel secure, we can’t move onto higher levels like love and achievement. If we have doubts about paying the rent at the end of the month, how can we possibly go after our really big dreams
So how is it that some people are able to start a new business while completely broke Do business risk takers simply have a lower need for security
If you read the stories of very successful people, you see a common pattern (模式) again and again — from an external (外部的) point of view, most of these people were not in a secure situation when they started going after their dreams. Sylvester Stallone was so broke that he had to sell his dog. Tony Robbins did his dishes in his bathroom because his small apartment had no kitchen. Brian Tracy was a day laborer. Og Mandino was a homeless drunk who went into libraries to stay warm. While some successful people start out with a lot of advantages, most don’t.
Meanwhile, how is it that others who seem to be in a far more secure situation are paralyzed from taking action People who have some money in the bank, a nice home, and a highly-paid job still don’t feel secure. Meanwhile, others with far worse starting positions pass them by. Why
The reason isn’t that some people need security more than others. I think everyone needs to feel secure. The difference, however, is that the successful risk takers define security internally (内部地) while others define security externally.
5. What’s the first paragraph mainly about
A. The importance of security.
B. The ways to achieve security.
C. The different kinds of security.
D. The advantages of having security.
6. The examples in Paragraph 3 show that many successful people ______.
A. had a low need for security
B. could get security very easily
C. started from a disadvantaged situation
D. went through difficulties on the road to success
7. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “paralyzed” in Paragraph 4
A. Prevented.
B. Expected.
C. Protected.
D. Encouraged.
8. How are those successful people different from common people in terms of security
A. The way they achieve it.
B. The way they understand it.
C. The degree to which they feel it.
D. The degree to which they need it.
参考答案
21-25 CBCAD 26-30 BBDCA 31-35 BACCD 36-40 DAEGC
41-45 BADCA 46-50 ACDBD 51-55 BADCB 56-60 DABDC
61. the 62. are 63. homeless
64. tourism 65. that / which 66. To fight
67. living 68. Unfortunately 69. as
70. countries
短文改错
71. ... I walk along ... walk → walked
72. ... put it in ... it → them
73. ... noticed of that ... 去掉of
74. ... from a old ... a → an
75. ... I ready to ... ready前加was
76. ... collection of thing ... thing → things
77. While clean them ... clean → cleaning
78. ... I sudden had ... sudden → suddenly
79. ... photo for the ... for → of
80. To myself surprise ... myself → my
书面表达
One possible version:
Write us an article！
The “Problems and Solutions” section in our school’s English newspaper is very popular among us students. Now we are looking for articles about the problems developing countries are now facing. In your article, you are expected to introduce the main problems developing countries are facing and offer your opinions on the causes. More importantly, please give your suggestions on how to solve the problems you present. Your writing should also contain your opinions on how developed countries can help developing ones. 500 words would be fine. If you’re interested, please send your article to us before February 10.
部分解析
阅读理解
第一节
A篇
主题语境：人与社会——社会服务
本文是应用文。文章介绍了四项志愿者工作。
21. C。细节理解题。由Field trip guide部分中的Looking for volunteers (18 or older)可知，该志愿者工作要求申请者年满18岁。
22. B。细节理解题。由Sales clerk部分中的Volunteers will help ... in a small bookstore和Contact: Volunteer Clearinghouse 800-865-8337可得出正确答案。
23. C。细节理解题。由RV volunteer部分中的Suitability: Adults, Groups, Family可知，该项志愿者工作适合家庭参加。
B篇
主题语境：人与社会——体育
本文是记叙文。作者主要讲述了自己第一次下海潜水的经历。
24. A。细节理解题。由第一段中的I’d been thinking ... sure because I was afraid of snakes可知，作者怕蛇，因此对于是否参加潜水课程犹豫不定。
25. D。词义猜测题。由划线词前面作者问自己的问题What am I doing和What if something bad happened以及下文中的keep a good thought ... Just do it可知，作者内心紧张担忧，但努力克服这种感觉，给自己加油打气。
26. B。细节理解题。由第四段中的First dive, 12 meters in depth以及倒数第二段中的my right flipper had managed to get away from my right foot可知，作者第一次 在海底潜水时，右脚穿的橡胶蹼脱落了。
27. B。标题归纳题。作者在文章开头两段介绍了学习潜水的原因：想知道为什么许多人喜爱潜水，为海底世界所痴迷；接下来主要讲述了作者参加完潜水课程，进行第一次实地潜水的经历。因此，B项作标题最能概括文章内容。
C篇
主题语境：人与社会——社会
本文是说明文。少儿节目《芝麻街》为帮助难民儿童正在制作一个新版系列，让孩子们学习科学知识的同时，获得心灵上的抚慰。
28. D。细节理解题。由第一段中的Hanadi joined a school there but was fearful to go可知，Hanadi在新学校注册了，但是不敢去上学。
29. C。细节理解题。由第二段中的To help kids affected by the situation和We don’t just want to help ... them feel less alone可知，制作新版《芝麻街》是为了在帮助难民儿童学习知识的同时，抚慰他们孤独的心灵，以帮助他们度过艰难的时光。
30. A。细节理解题。由第三段中的Each version includes math and spelling lessons可知，每个版本的节目都含有数学和拼写课程。
31. B。细节理解题。由最后一段可知，新版节目将于2019年与公众见面，届时数百万儿童将能够通过电视、电脑或手机观看到该节目。
D篇
主题语境：人与社会——文化
本文是议论文。现代人们外出就餐时不再遵守某些礼仪，甚至做出一些不得体的举动。为什么会产生这种现象呢？人们的看法不一。
32. A。细节理解题。由第三段中的a 2015 survey ... use their phones while dining out可知，该调查发现，被调查者中有38%的人认为外出就餐时使用手机的行为是可接受的。
33. C。推理判断题。由第五段中的Manners change和What we consider improper isn’t set in stone以及saying “Sir” and “Ma’am,” as proof of this change可推断，该作家举这个例子是为了说明，就餐礼仪会随着时间推移而发生变化。
34. C。细节理解题。由最后一段中的I believe it is more likely ... go out and eat more often以及With new chance ... more dining problems可知，Diane Gottsman认为现在人们无视就餐礼仪的情况增加是因为他们外出就餐的机会多了。
35. D。写作目的题。文章针对人们就餐礼仪变化的原因进行了讨论，列举了不同的人对此的不同看法。
第二节
主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习
本文是说明文。文章就如何写一篇结构严谨的论说文进行了简单的阐述。
36. D。由本空后面的内容可知，本段主要介绍创作文章时首段的重要性以及写法。故D项符合本段主旨大意。
37. A。第二段中的Your thesis statement tells the readers the point or main idea of your essay与A项内容形成因果关系；且A项中的it指代Your thesis statement。
38. E。上文中的supporting paragraphs与E项中的prove your point在语意上相关；本空前一句说明一般情况，E项内容说明其他情况。
39. G。上文one paragraph will center on one idea与G项中的two ideas in a single paragraph存在关联；本空前一句介绍恰当写法：一段说明一个观点，而G项是对这个写法的补充说明。
40. C。由上文ask yourself the following question可推断，本空应填一个问句；且本段介绍末尾段的写法，故C项符合语境。
语言知识运用
第一节
主题语境：人与自我——生活
本文是记叙文。作者曾是一名播音员，退休后应邀每周去养老院拜访两位有同样做播音员经历的老人，跟他们分享曾经共有过的经历。与他们的相处让作者明白自己应该怎么看待人终归要变老这个事实，怎么享受晚年生活。
41. B。由下文中的She told me可推断，此处表示最近一家养老院活动中心的负责人联系“我”， call符合语境。
42. A。43. D。由上文中的I used to be a radio broadcaster和there are a couple of former broadcasters who live in the home以及下文中的 who can trade stories with them about the good old days可知，养老院有两位老人曾经是播音员，他们“想（enjoy）”找一个有过“相似（similar）”工作经历的人来跟他们分享以前的经历。
44. C。45. A。由本句中的I’m retired以及so I said sure可知，“我”已退休，有“闲暇（free）”时间，因此，“我”说“我”可以去“拜访（visit）”一两次。
46. A。47. C。由上文中的who can trade stories with them about the good old days以及本句中的memories of happier, busier times可知，“我”每周花一下午的时间去和那两位老人“聊天（talking with）”，与他们“重温（bring back）”那些忙碌而美好的时光。
48. D。由本句中的in a wheelchair以及下文中的My other new ... is also a wheelchair user可推断，此处表示有一位老人“行动（move about）”只能靠轮椅。
49. B。50. D。和in a wheelchair 相比， has dementia and knows he is ...losing his memory and ability to think情况更糟，故此处表示：“更糟糕的（worse）”是，那位老人患有痴呆症，并且也知道自己的记忆在“慢慢（slowly）”减退。
51. B。由上文可知，作者每周去养老院拜访两位有同样做播音员经历的老人，跟他们分享曾经共有过的经历。结合下文中的now I ... they have me可推断，作者与那两位老人相处愉快，故此处应表示“朋友（friend）”。
52. A。由下文中的they can’t drive a car, can’t prepare their own meals or plant a garden可知，他们“生活（live）”不能自理。
53. D。54. C。由两空之间的They have television, people to serve their daily needs and workers at the home who try their best可推断，他们在养老院得到很好的“照料（cared for）”，工作人员尽量让他们感到“舒适自在（comfortable）”。
55. B。由上文可知，作者每周会去养老院拜访两位有同样做播音员经历的老人，跟他们分享曾经共有过的经历。故此处表示“我”“认为（guess）”他们还有“我”的陪伴。
56. D。由上文可知，有两位老人曾经也是播音员，因身体原因只能囿于轮椅之中，但他们在养老院得到很好的照料。与他们的相处，让作者开始“想（consider）”自己以后的生活会是什么样的。
57. A。由本句中的perhaps not for a number of years, perhaps tomorrow和下文中的the unknown可知，此处表示“我”无法“预知（know）”。
58. B。59. D。由两空之间的I’m getting older and I’m still going strong可知，想到人终归要离开这个世界，“我”并没有感到“担忧（worry）”。“我”正在一天天变老，但“我”的身体还很强健，也感到很“快乐（great）”。
60. C。由上文可知，那两位老人在养老院得到很好的照料，还有“我”每周会与他们一起分享以前的经历。与他们的相处让作者明白了在迈向未知的终点的过程中，我们的生命依然可以绚丽多彩，事实上，随着年龄的增长，我们的生命也变得更加“精彩（interesting）”。
第二节
61. the。考查定冠词。设空处所在部分表示“最美丽的地方之一”，形容词最高级前用定冠词the。
62. are。考查主谓一致。由Now以及下文可知，设空处所在句描述现在的情况，应用一般现在时，因为主语是some problems， 故填are。
63. homeless。考查形容词作表语的用法。设空处所在句意为“随着海平面的上升，许多人将会失去家园”，故填homeless。homeless 无家可归的。
64. tourism。考查名词。 由下文中的famous beaches可知，设空处表示“旅游业”，故填tourism。
65. that / which。考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词storms，且在从句中作主语，故填that / which。
66. To fight。考查不定式作状语的用法。设空处所在句意为“为了解决这些问题，塞舌尔政府让那些住在低海岸地区的人们迁到地势较高的地方”，故填To fight。To fight these problems在此作目的状语。
67. living。考查动词-ing形式作定语的用法。设空处作后置定语修饰people，因为people与live之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填living。
68. Unfortunately。考查副词。设空处作状语修饰后面整个句子，表示“遗憾地”，故填副词Unfortunately。
69. as。考查副词。as ... as possible 意为“尽可能……的”。
70. countries。考查名词复数。设空处作宾语，表示“国家”，country是可数名词，此处表示泛指，故填countries。
选做题参考答案及解析
参考答案
1-4 DCCB 5-8 ACAB
解析
A篇
主题语境：人与自然——自然生态
本文是说明文。文章介绍了几种动物肌肉的工作原理。
1. D。推理判断题。由第一段中的hundreds of different muscles in your body和第三段中的Scientists have found a snake has between 10,000 and 15,000 muscles — more than humans and most animals, including lions以及倒数第二段中的Scientists believe the trunk alone has more than 100,000 muscles可知，大象的肌肉最多。
2. C。推理判断题。由第四段中的But a snake may eat an egg that is larger than the width of its body可知，作者实际上想说人类无法吞下比自己身体宽度大的东西，但是蛇可以做到。因此作者问这个问题，是为了通过对比说明蛇的吞咽能力很强。
3. C。细节理解题。由第五段中的Even though the trunk is large, it can do things that are completely impossible for most other animals可知，文章告诉我们大象的鼻子能够完成许多其它动物难以完成的工作。
4. B。篇章结构题。通读全文可知，本文开头概括文章的主旨，第二段讲狮子的肌肉，第三、四段讲蛇的肌肉，第五段讲大象鼻子的肌肉，最后一段总结全文。故B项结构图正确描述了文章结构。
B篇
主题语境：人与自我——做人与做事
本文是议论文。安全感是一种人类与生俱来的需求，可是，成功人士与普通人对安全感的定义并不相同。
5. A。段落大意题。第一段虽然也涉及对安全感的定义，但是主要是说明安全感对我们的重要性。作者先指出安全感是one of the basic human needs，接下来又做出两种假设，来说明缺乏安全感的后果。因此A项正确。
6. C。推理判断题。由第三段可知，作者列举的都是一些成功人士，他们在刚开始都是穷困潦倒或处境艰难。由此判断C项正确。
7. A。词义猜测题。上文提到那些成功人士往往起步时处境极其艰难。根据下文可知，那些经济富足、处境优越的人依然感到不安全，也就是说他们不愿意采取行动去冒险。故A项正确。
8. B。细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，那些成功的冒险者借助内部来定义安全感，而普通人借助外部来定义安全感。这也是这两类人在安全感方面最大的区别。因此B项正确。
单元测试题
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）
第二部分： 阅读理解 （共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Field trip guide
Where: Deer Flat National Wildlife Refuge
Contact: Susan Kain 208-467-9278
Suitability: Adults, Teens
Looking for volunteers (志愿者) (18 or older) to help at a station for our Discover Wildlife Journeys field trip for 4th - 6th graders! No teaching experience necessary. All training provided.
The field trips are Tuesdays through Thursdays 9:30 am - 2:30 pm September and October.
Sales clerk
Where: Hiram M. Chittenden Locks
Contact: Volunteer Clearinghouse 800-865-8337
Suitability: Adults
A volunteer job with Discover Your Northwest is open for part-time work year round. Volunteers will help customers and provide cashier (出纳员) duties in a small bookstore in the Class A visitor center at the Hiram M. Chittenden Locks.
RV volunteer
Where: Natchez National Historical Park
Contact: Melissa Tynes 601-446-5790
Suitability: Adults, Groups, Family
There are many chances at Natchez National Historical Park, including Visitor Center Assistant, Gardener, Tour Guide, etc. Two RV sites have just been added! We require at least 32 hours of service a week, per site, and at least 3 months of volunteer service. Volunteers should have the ability to communicate with visitors of different age groups and cultures.
Visitor Center host
Where: Kingsley Plantation
Contact: Emily Palmer 904-251-3537
Suitability: Adults
Volunteers provide services to park visitors on a daily basis. Primary duties include greeting visitors in the Visitor Center, answering questions about the park, making sales, answering phone calls, etc.
Skills needed: Good communication skills and an interest in natural and cultural history.
21. What is a requirement for volunteering as field trip guides
A. Volunteers must work daily.
B. Teaching experience is a must.
C. Volunteers must be at least 18 years old.
D. 3 months of volunteer service is required.
22. Which number should you call if you want to volunteer in a bookstore
A. 208-467-9278.
B. 800-865-8337.
C. 601-446-5790.
D. 904-251-3537.
23. Which of the following is suitable for family volunteers
A. Field trip guide.
B. Sales clerk.
C. RV volunteer.
D. Visitor Center host.
B
I’d been thinking of taking a course on scuba-diving (水肺潜水) for months, but wasn’t sure because I was afraid of snakes! Sea snakes. Just thinking about it made me sick.
But then, I wanted to know why people loved it so much. They all said that under the sea was like a totally different world, yet a beautiful one. And because of that, I decided to take the risk and try to face my fear.
So, after taking a private course from my diving instructor, Mbak Vita, I went to Sepa Island with her, to take the final exam.
First dive, 12 meters in depth. “What am I doing ” I asked myself. “What if something bad happened ” I tried hard not to panic and told myself to keep a good thought, “It’s gonna be a wonderful experience. Just do it!” Then I went down. My heart beat fast and my ears hurt as I went deeper. I followed Vita’s instructions closely until I felt comfortable to explore (探索) the sea.
Suddenly all around me was green. It felt like I was living in a green world! I saw some corals (珊瑚), big ones, and lots of beautiful fish hiding in the sand.
I was enjoying the beauty all around me when my instructor waved at me with her hand holding a pink flipper (橡胶蹼). “That flipper looks familiar,” I thought. Yes! That was my flipper! I didn’t realize that my right flipper had managed to get away from my right foot!
So, that was the first dive. In total, we dove 5 times in 2 days. We managed to dive up to 18 meters in depth. The next dives were smooth and for sure I didn’t lose my flipper! I was so happy to see different types of fish swimming in front of me as if I was invisible (不可见的). It was indeed so beautiful and peaceful down there. Now I can see why people love diving under the sea.
24. How did the author feel about learning scuba-diving at first
A. Uncertain.
B. Excited.
C. Comfortable.
D. Disappointed.
25. What does the underlined word “panic” in Paragraph 4 mean
A. Feel tired and sleepy.
B. Keep cool and relaxed.
C. Keep quiet and patient.
D. Feel nervous and worried.
26. What happened during the author’s first dive
A. She saw a sea snake.
B. A flipper fell off her foot.
C. The sea water turned green.
D. She lost her instructor in the sea.
27. What would be the best title for the text
A. A pleasant trip to the beach
B. My first experience with scuba-diving
C. Why a person starts scuba-diving
D. How scuba-diving affects my life
C
When Hanadi was 4, her school was destroyed in the civil war. Soon after, her family left Syria to live as refugees (难民) in nearby Lebanon. Hanadi joined a school there but was fearful to go. Her experience is not unusual. There are now nearly 25.4 million refugees around the world, according to the United Nations refugee agency. About half are children. Most refugees today are from Syria, where civil war broke out in 2011.
To help kids affected by the situation, Sesame Street and the International Rescue Committee (IRC) have teamed up to create a new version (版本) of Sesame Street especially for Syrian refugees, using Muppets (木偶) as teachers. “We don’t just want to help children learn letters and numbers,” said Sherrie Westin, who works at Sesame Workshop. “We want to help them feel less alone.”
There are more than 150 international versions of Sesame Street. In Germany, kids watch Sesamstrasse, while Mexico has Plaza Sésamo. Each version includes math and spelling lessons. Some characters are the same as in the American version. But other things are different: The Muppets speak the local language and wear local clothes.
The new version will include situations that are familiar to Syrian refugee kids. Some of the Muppets, for example, may have been forced to leave their home. “Kids can watch the Muppets work through big problems the kids are dealing with themselves,” the IRC’s Sarah Smith says.
For the world’s 12 million refugee children, there is little chance to receive good education. And even if kids go to school, they may have fallen behind in their studies. Often, they are traumatized (使受精神创伤) by what they’ve been through.
The new Sesame Street will meet the public in 2019. Sesame Workshop expects that more than 9 million children will be able to watch the show on a TV, computer, or mobile phone. Hanadi may be one of them.
28. What happened to 4-year-old Hanadi
A. She dropped out of school.
B. She was injured in the war.
C. She fell behind in her studies.
D. She became afraid to go to school.
29. Why was the new version of Sesame Street created
A. To increase the show’s popularity.
B. To improve education in poor areas.
C. To help refugee kids get through hard times.
D. To teach kids who can’t afford to go to school.
30. What do different versions of Sesame Street have in common
A. They all teach math and spelling.
B. They were all named Sesame Street.
C. The characters are exactly the same.
D. The characters wear the same clothes.
31. What can we learn about the new version of Sesame Street
A. The story happens in Syria.
B. It will appear on the screen in 2019.
C. It will hopefully reach 12 million children.
D. The idea was brought up by Sherrie Westin.
D
If you’ve been in public in the past year or so, chances are you’ve noticed someone breaking dining etiquette (礼仪) that would seem second-nature to any adult. Why does our dining etiquette seem to be at an all-time low right now
“Overall, there’s much less feeling about the common good, which means caring about your neighbor — whether at home or in a restaurant,” said Steven Petrow, who writes articles for USA Today.
Take the use of cellphones at the table. While a 2015 survey by the Pew Research Center found that 38 percent of those surveyed thought it was acceptable to use their phones while dining out, the increasing number of cellphone bans in restaurants shows that restaurants aren’t putting up with it.
However, some look on the growing use of cellphones as a sign that manners (礼貌) change alongside our society.
“Manners change,” said the writer behind a food site The Takeout. “What we consider improper isn’t set in stone.” She points out the other “rules” that have since become outdated nowadays, like saying “Sir” and “Ma’am,” as proof of this change.
Yes, traditional manners are yet another thing being redefined (重新定义) by youth. “Younger people are growing up in a world with more flexible (灵活的) rules, and this spreads to the dining table,” said Daniel Levine, director of global trends consultancy The Avant-Guide Institute.
Whether you prefer high-end restaurants or a fast-casual meal, the biggest reason behind the decline of manners may just be a numbers game.
“I believe it is more likely for people to break dining ‘rules’ because they go out and eat more often,” said Diane Gottsman, owner of The Protocol School of Texas. “Years ago, people stayed home and sat around the family table. Today, there are more people in the workforce, which makes it more affordable for socializing and eating out. With new chance comes the possibility for more dining problems.”
32. What did the 2015 survey find
A. Many people accepted using phones at the table.
B. Cellphones were banned in more and more restaurants.
C. Most of the surveyed people used phones while eating out.
D. Few restaurants took positions on using phones while eating.
33. Why was the example of “Sir” and “Ma’am” mentioned
A. To show modern people are becoming impolite.
B. To explain dining rules in high-end restaurants.
C. To prove dining etiquette changes through time.
D. To argue young people are making dining rules today.
34. According to Diane Gottsman, people forget their dining manners more often because _____.
A. they think they’re unimportant
B. they grew up with flexible rules
C. they have more chances to eat out
D. they must hurry meals to get back to work
35. What’s the author’s purpose in writing this text
A. To introduce changes in dining manners.
B. To encourage people to have dining manners.
C. To report survey findings on dining manners.
D. To discuss the reasons for poor dining manners.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you want to write a strong essay, it is important to make sure you have three clear parts in your paper: the introduction, the body, and the conclusion.
36 It’s used to catch your readers’ attention and tell them what the essay will be about. Start with information they will need to know in order to understand your topic. Your thesis statement (论点) tells the readers the point or main idea of your essay. 37 Besides, many teachers suggest making your first sentence eye-catching.
Once you have written a good opening paragraph, it is time to write the body. You’ll usually produce at least three supporting paragraphs. 38 After you have written a supporting paragraph, read it and ask yourself: does it prove what I’m trying to say Remember, if you want to write a strong essay, one paragraph will center on one idea. 39
Finally, a strong essay should end with a strong conclusion. When writing this paragraph, ask yourself the following question. 40 This is your last chance to make an impression on your readers, so tell them one last time what you wanted to prove and how you proved it. Be sure not to simply restate your thesis statement.
A. So, it should appear in the first paragraph.
B. Does this paragraph support my thesis statement
C. What do I want them to walk away thinking about
D. Your first paragraph is probably the most important.
E. Of course, you can have as many as you need to prove your point.
F. In other words, you want to attract your readers and keep them reading.
G. If you have two ideas in a single paragraph, break it up into two paragraphs.
第三部分： 语言知识运用 （共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I used to be a radio broadcaster. Recently I received a 41 from the activity director at a nursing home. She told me there are a couple of former broadcasters who live in the home and they would 42 a visit from someone with a 43 background who can trade stories with them about the good old days. I’m retired (退休), and I have 44 time so I said sure, I’d come for a 45 or two. That has developed into a routine (惯例) in which I spend an afternoon each week 46 the old men and helping them to 47 memories of happier, busier times.
One of them can only 48 in a wheelchair and, 49 still, has dementia (痴呆) and knows he is 50 losing his memory and ability to think. My other new 51 in the home is about ten years older than I. He has cerebral palsy (a medical condition affecting someone’s control over their movement and speech), and is also a wheelchair user. Neither man can 52 independently anymore; they can’t drive a car, can’t prepare their own meals or plant a garden. They’re being well 53 . They have television, people to serve their daily needs and workers at the home who try their best to keep them 54 . They have family members who visit them from time to time and now I 55 they have me. It makes me 56 what lies ahead, perhaps not for a number of years, perhaps tomorrow, I don’t 57 .
The thought of being dead doesn’t 58 me. I’m getting older and I’m still going strong and feeling 59 . I go to visit the men in the nursing home and sometimes I look ahead into the unknown. Life gets 60 in unexpected ways as one gets older.
41. A. gift B. call C. prize D. warning
42. A. enjoy B. pay C. allow D. plan
43. A. special B. wide C. different D. similar
44. A. little B. perfect C. free D. quiet
45. A. visit B. holiday C. check D. lesson
46. A. talking with B. working with C. looking for D. cheering for
47. A. make B. search C. bring back D. give away
48. A. stand up B. show up C. hold on D. move about
49. A. stranger B. worse C. closer D. luckier
50. A. secretly B. directly C. suddenly D. slowly
51. A. patient B. friend C. student D. director
52. A. live B. practice C. stay D. learn
53. A. trained B. educated C. depended on D. cared for
54. A. proud B. silent C. comfortable D. popular
55. A. suggest B. guess C. imagine D. forget
56. A. regret B. believe C. prevent D. consider
57. A. know B. remember C. understand D. choose
58. A. surprise B. worry C. help D. excite
59. A. nervous B. sorry C. certain D. great
60. A. tiresome B. meaningless C. interesting D. easy
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Seychelles, a group of islands in the Indian Ocean, has been called one of 61. ________ most beautiful places on Earth. Now there 62. ________ (be) some problems, though. Many of the country’s most populated areas are in low-lying areas near the water. As sea levels rise, many people will become 63. ________ (home). Besides, the country’s 64. ________ (tour) is being hurt. The Seychelles’s famous beaches are being eroded (侵蚀) by the rising water, as well as by storms 65. ________ grow more powerful each year. In addition, the country’s coral reefs, a popular tourist attraction, are in danger of disappearing because of warmer water.
66. ________ (fight) these problems, the government of the Seychelles has been trying to relocate people 67. ________ (live) in low-lying coastal areas to higher ground.
68. ________ (unfortunate), there isn’t enough land for many of these people. The country’s people are also trying to bring 69. ________ much attention as possible to global warming and the danger it brings about. They point out that if these things happen to the Seychelles, they can happen to big 70. ________ (country) like the United States, China, or Brazil next.
第四部分： 写作 （共两节，满分35分）
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I found some beautiful small stones when I walk along the beach. I picked some up and put it in my pocket. Then I noticed of that my dog was running to me with a piece of wood in his mouth. When he got to me, he dropped it. It was a leg from a old chair. I collected it. By the time I ready to go home, I had had quite a collection of thing from the beach. While clean them later, I sudden had the idea of creating a piece of art with them. I took a photo for the finished piece and posted it to the Internet. To myself surprise, a lot of people liked it.
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是校英文报的兼职编辑，“Problems and Solutions” 栏目将举行征文活动，请你用英语写一则征稿启事，刊登在报纸上。内容包括：
1. 主题：发展中国家面临的问题。
2. 内容：(1) 发展中国家面临哪些问题以及如何解决；(2) 发达国家应该怎样予以帮助。
3. 投稿时间：2月10日之前。
注意： 1. 词数100左右（标题已给出，但不计入总词数）；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Write us an article！
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_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
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选做题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
You probably know many of the things that you can do with the hundreds of different muscles in your body. But have you ever thought about how the muscles (肌肉) in an animal’s body are different from yours
Lions depend on their ability to hunt (猎杀) other animals to survive. Lions must be fast in order to catch their prey (猎物). The powerful muscles in their legs allow them to run at speeds of more than 30 miles per hour. They can also jump a distance of more than 35 feet. The strong muscles in their body help them become great hunters.
Snakes also use their muscles for hunting prey and for movement, but their muscles work in very different ways to lions’. Scientists have found a snake has between 10,000 and 15,000 muscles — more than humans and most animals, including lions. The snake manages its powerful muscles to create a wavelike movement down its body. These waves push against the ground or other objects to move the snake forward.
Snakes’ muscles allow them to swallow (吞下) things that seem much too large. Can you imagine eating a whole watermelon in a single swallow But a snake may eat an egg that is larger than the width of its body. Why does the snake have this amazing ability The snake moves its strong neck muscles to help push the egg along as the snake swallows.
The trunk, or long nose, of an elephant contains a large number of muscles. Scientists believe the trunk alone has more than 100,000 muscles! This is because the elephant uses its trunk much in the same way that people use their hands. Even though the trunk is large, it can do things that are completely impossible for most other animals.
Now you know how unbelievable the specialized muscles of these animals are. They are made to do the things that are most important for its survival.
1. Which of the following have the most muscles
A. Lions.
B. Snakes.
C. Humans.
D. Elephants.
2. Why does the author ask the underlined question
A. To explain how humans use muscles.
B. To explain how snakes swallow eggs.
C. To show snakes’ great ability to swallow.
D. To show the importance of neck muscles.
3. What does the author tell us about an elephant’s trunk
A. It is more powerful than human hands.
B. It works likes the body of a snake.
C. It can carry out difficult tasks.
D. It has a great sense of smell.
4. How is the text organized
CP: Central Point P: Point
Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion
B
One thing that seems to hold a lot of people back from setting and achieving big goals is the need for security (安全). Security is a feeling of certainty that everything is OK and that all your basic needs will be provided for. On the surface there’s nothing wrong with that. It’s great to feel secure. Abraham Maslow lists it as one of the basic human needs. If we don’t feel secure, we can’t move onto higher levels like love and achievement. If we have doubts about paying the rent at the end of the month, how can we possibly go after our really big dreams
So how is it that some people are able to start a new business while completely broke Do business risk takers simply have a lower need for security
If you read the stories of very successful people, you see a common pattern (模式) again and again — from an external (外部的) point of view, most of these people were not in a secure situation when they started going after their dreams. Sylvester Stallone was so broke that he had to sell his dog. Tony Robbins did his dishes in his bathroom because his small apartment had no kitchen. Brian Tracy was a day laborer. Og Mandino was a homeless drunk who went into libraries to stay warm. While some successful people start out with a lot of advantages, most don’t.
Meanwhile, how is it that others who seem to be in a far more secure situation are paralyzed from taking action People who have some money in the bank, a nice home, and a highly-paid job still don’t feel secure. Meanwhile, others with far worse starting positions pass them by. Why
The reason isn’t that some people need security more than others. I think everyone needs to feel secure. The difference, however, is that the successful risk takers define security internally (内部地) while others define security externally.
5. What’s the first paragraph mainly about
A. The importance of security.
B. The ways to achieve security.
C. The different kinds of security.
D. The advantages of having security.
6. The examples in Paragraph 3 show that many successful people ______.
A. had a low need for security
B. could get security very easily
C. started from a disadvantaged situation
D. went through difficulties on the road to success
7. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “paralyzed” in Paragraph 4
A. Prevented.
B. Expected.
C. Protected.
D. Encouraged.
8. How are those successful people different from common people in terms of security
A. The way they achieve it.
B. The way they understand it.
C. The degree to which they feel it.
D. The degree to which they need it.
参考答案
21-25 CBCAD 26-30 BBDCA 31-35 BACCD 36-40 DAEGC
41-45 BADCA 46-50 ACDBD 51-55 BADCB 56-60 DABDC
61. the 62. are 63. homeless
64. tourism 65. that / which 66. To fight
67. living 68. Unfortunately 69. as
70. countries
短文改错
71. ... I walk along ... walk → walked
72. ... put it in ... it → them
73. ... noticed of that ... 去掉of
74. ... from a old ... a → an
75. ... I ready to ... ready前加was
76. ... collection of thing ... thing → things
77. While clean them ... clean → cleaning
78. ... I sudden had ... sudden → suddenly
79. ... photo for the ... for → of
80. To myself surprise ... myself → my
书面表达
One possible version:
Write us an article！
The “Problems and Solutions” section in our school’s English newspaper is very popular among us students. Now we are looking for articles about the problems developing countries are now facing. In your article, you are expected to introduce the main problems developing countries are facing and offer your opinions on the causes. More importantly, please give your suggestions on how to solve the problems you present. Your writing should also contain your opinions on how developed countries can help developing ones. 500 words would be fine. If you’re interested, please send your article to us before February 10.
部分解析
阅读理解
第一节
A篇
主题语境：人与社会——社会服务
本文是应用文。文章介绍了四项志愿者工作。
21. C。细节理解题。由Field trip guide部分中的Looking for volunteers (18 or older)可知，该志愿者工作要求申请者年满18岁。
22. B。细节理解题。由Sales clerk部分中的Volunteers will help ... in a small bookstore和Contact: Volunteer Clearinghouse 800-865-8337可得出正确答案。
23. C。细节理解题。由RV volunteer部分中的Suitability: Adults, Groups, Family可知，该项志愿者工作适合家庭参加。
B篇
主题语境：人与社会——体育
本文是记叙文。作者主要讲述了自己第一次下海潜水的经历。
24. A。细节理解题。由第一段中的I’d been thinking ... sure because I was afraid of snakes可知，作者怕蛇，因此对于是否参加潜水课程犹豫不定。
25. D。词义猜测题。由划线词前面作者问自己的问题What am I doing和What if something bad happened以及下文中的keep a good thought ... Just do it可知，作者内心紧张担忧，但努力克服这种感觉，给自己加油打气。
26. B。细节理解题。由第四段中的First dive, 12 meters in depth以及倒数第二段中的my right flipper had managed to get away from my right foot可知，作者第一次 在海底潜水时，右脚穿的橡胶蹼脱落了。
27. B。标题归纳题。作者在文章开头两段介绍了学习潜水的原因：想知道为什么许多人喜爱潜水，为海底世界所痴迷；接下来主要讲述了作者参加完潜水课程，进行第一次实地潜水的经历。因此，B项作标题最能概括文章内容。
C篇
主题语境：人与社会——社会
本文是说明文。少儿节目《芝麻街》为帮助难民儿童正在制作一个新版系列，让孩子们学习科学知识的同时，获得心灵上的抚慰。
28. D。细节理解题。由第一段中的Hanadi joined a school there but was fearful to go可知，Hanadi在新学校注册了，但是不敢去上学。
29. C。细节理解题。由第二段中的To help kids affected by the situation和We don’t just want to help ... them feel less alone可知，制作新版《芝麻街》是为了在帮助难民儿童学习知识的同时，抚慰他们孤独的心灵，以帮助他们度过艰难的时光。
30. A。细节理解题。由第三段中的Each version includes math and spelling lessons可知，每个版本的节目都含有数学和拼写课程。
31. B。细节理解题。由最后一段可知，新版节目将于2019年与公众见面，届时数百万儿童将能够通过电视、电脑或手机观看到该节目。
D篇
主题语境：人与社会——文化
本文是议论文。现代人们外出就餐时不再遵守某些礼仪，甚至做出一些不得体的举动。为什么会产生这种现象呢？人们的看法不一。
32. A。细节理解题。由第三段中的a 2015 survey ... use their phones while dining out可知，该调查发现，被调查者中有38%的人认为外出就餐时使用手机的行为是可接受的。
33. C。推理判断题。由第五段中的Manners change和What we consider improper isn’t set in stone以及saying “Sir” and “Ma’am,” as proof of this change可推断，该作家举这个例子是为了说明，就餐礼仪会随着时间推移而发生变化。
34. C。细节理解题。由最后一段中的I believe it is more likely ... go out and eat more often以及With new chance ... more dining problems可知，Diane Gottsman认为现在人们无视就餐礼仪的情况增加是因为他们外出就餐的机会多了。
35. D。写作目的题。文章针对人们就餐礼仪变化的原因进行了讨论，列举了不同的人对此的不同看法。
第二节
主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习
本文是说明文。文章就如何写一篇结构严谨的论说文进行了简单的阐述。
36. D。由本空后面的内容可知，本段主要介绍创作文章时首段的重要性以及写法。故D项符合本段主旨大意。
37. A。第二段中的Your thesis statement tells the readers the point or main idea of your essay与A项内容形成因果关系；且A项中的it指代Your thesis statement。
38. E。上文中的supporting paragraphs与E项中的prove your point在语意上相关；本空前一句说明一般情况，E项内容说明其他情况。
39. G。上文one paragraph will center on one idea与G项中的two ideas in a single paragraph存在关联；本空前一句介绍恰当写法：一段说明一个观点，而G项是对这个写法的补充说明。
40. C。由上文ask yourself the following question可推断，本空应填一个问句；且本段介绍末尾段的写法，故C项符合语境。
语言知识运用
第一节
主题语境：人与自我——生活
本文是记叙文。作者曾是一名播音员，退休后应邀每周去养老院拜访两位有同样做播音员经历的老人，跟他们分享曾经共有过的经历。与他们的相处让作者明白自己应该怎么看待人终归要变老这个事实，怎么享受晚年生活。
41. B。由下文中的She told me可推断，此处表示最近一家养老院活动中心的负责人联系“我”， call符合语境。
42. A。43. D。由上文中的I used to be a radio broadcaster和there are a couple of former broadcasters who live in the home以及下文中的 who can trade stories with them about the good old days可知，养老院有两位老人曾经是播音员，他们“想（enjoy）”找一个有过“相似（similar）”工作经历的人来跟他们分享以前的经历。
44. C。45. A。由本句中的I’m retired以及so I said sure可知，“我”已退休，有“闲暇（free）”时间，因此，“我”说“我”可以去“拜访（visit）”一两次。
46. A。47. C。由上文中的who can trade stories with them about the good old days以及本句中的memories of happier, busier times可知，“我”每周花一下午的时间去和那两位老人“聊天（talking with）”，与他们“重温（bring back）”那些忙碌而美好的时光。
48. D。由本句中的in a wheelchair以及下文中的My other new ... is also a wheelchair user可推断，此处表示有一位老人“行动（move about）”只能靠轮椅。
49. B。50. D。和in a wheelchair 相比， has dementia and knows he is ...losing his memory and ability to think情况更糟，故此处表示：“更糟糕的（worse）”是，那位老人患有痴呆症，并且也知道自己的记忆在“慢慢（slowly）”减退。
51. B。由上文可知，作者每周去养老院拜访两位有同样做播音员经历的老人，跟他们分享曾经共有过的经历。结合下文中的now I ... they have me可推断，作者与那两位老人相处愉快，故此处应表示“朋友（friend）”。
52. A。由下文中的they can’t drive a car, can’t prepare their own meals or plant a garden可知，他们“生活（live）”不能自理。
53. D。54. C。由两空之间的They have television, people to serve their daily needs and workers at the home who try their best可推断，他们在养老院得到很好的“照料（cared for）”，工作人员尽量让他们感到“舒适自在（comfortable）”。
55. B。由上文可知，作者每周会去养老院拜访两位有同样做播音员经历的老人，跟他们分享曾经共有过的经历。故此处表示“我”“认为（guess）”他们还有“我”的陪伴。
56. D。由上文可知，有两位老人曾经也是播音员，因身体原因只能囿于轮椅之中，但他们在养老院得到很好的照料。与他们的相处，让作者开始“想（consider）”自己以后的生活会是什么样的。
57. A。由本句中的perhaps not for a number of years, perhaps tomorrow和下文中的the unknown可知，此处表示“我”无法“预知（know）”。
58. B。59. D。由两空之间的I’m getting older and I’m still going strong可知，想到人终归要离开这个世界，“我”并没有感到“担忧（worry）”。“我”正在一天天变老，但“我”的身体还很强健，也感到很“快乐（great）”。
60. C。由上文可知，那两位老人在养老院得到很好的照料，还有“我”每周会与他们一起分享以前的经历。与他们的相处让作者明白了在迈向未知的终点的过程中，我们的生命依然可以绚丽多彩，事实上，随着年龄的增长，我们的生命也变得更加“精彩（interesting）”。
第二节
61. the。考查定冠词。设空处所在部分表示“最美丽的地方之一”，形容词最高级前用定冠词the。
62. are。考查主谓一致。由Now以及下文可知，设空处所在句描述现在的情况，应用一般现在时，因为主语是some problems， 故填are。
63. homeless。考查形容词作表语的用法。设空处所在句意为“随着海平面的上升，许多人将会失去家园”，故填homeless。homeless 无家可归的。
64. tourism。考查名词。 由下文中的famous beaches可知，设空处表示“旅游业”，故填tourism。
65. that / which。考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词storms，且在从句中作主语，故填that / which。
66. To fight。考查不定式作状语的用法。设空处所在句意为“为了解决这些问题，塞舌尔政府让那些住在低海岸地区的人们迁到地势较高的地方”，故填To fight。To fight these problems在此作目的状语。
67. living。考查动词-ing形式作定语的用法。设空处作后置定语修饰people，因为people与live之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填living。
68. Unfortunately。考查副词。设空处作状语修饰后面整个句子，表示“遗憾地”，故填副词Unfortunately。
69. as。考查副词。as ... as possible 意为“尽可能……的”。
70. countries。考查名词复数。设空处作宾语，表示“国家”，country是可数名词，此处表示泛指，故填countries。
选做题参考答案及解析
参考答案
1-4 DCCB 5-8 ACAB
解析
A篇
主题语境：人与自然——自然生态
本文是说明文。文章介绍了几种动物肌肉的工作原理。
1. D。推理判断题。由第一段中的hundreds of different muscles in your body和第三段中的Scientists have found a snake has between 10,000 and 15,000 muscles — more than humans and most animals, including lions以及倒数第二段中的Scientists believe the trunk alone has more than 100,000 muscles可知，大象的肌肉最多。
2. C。推理判断题。由第四段中的But a snake may eat an egg that is larger than the width of its body可知，作者实际上想说人类无法吞下比自己身体宽度大的东西，但是蛇可以做到。因此作者问这个问题，是为了通过对比说明蛇的吞咽能力很强。
3. C。细节理解题。由第五段中的Even though the trunk is large, it can do things that are completely impossible for most other animals可知，文章告诉我们大象的鼻子能够完成许多其它动物难以完成的工作。
4. B。篇章结构题。通读全文可知，本文开头概括文章的主旨，第二段讲狮子的肌肉，第三、四段讲蛇的肌肉，第五段讲大象鼻子的肌肉，最后一段总结全文。故B项结构图正确描述了文章结构。
B篇
主题语境：人与自我——做人与做事
本文是议论文。安全感是一种人类与生俱来的需求，可是，成功人士与普通人对安全感的定义并不相同。
5. A。段落大意题。第一段虽然也涉及对安全感的定义，但是主要是说明安全感对我们的重要性。作者先指出安全感是one of the basic human needs，接下来又做出两种假设，来说明缺乏安全感的后果。因此A项正确。
6. C。推理判断题。由第三段可知，作者列举的都是一些成功人士，他们在刚开始都是穷困潦倒或处境艰难。由此判断C项正确。
7. A。词义猜测题。上文提到那些成功人士往往起步时处境极其艰难。根据下文可知，那些经济富足、处境优越的人依然感到不安全，也就是说他们不愿意采取行动去冒险。故A项正确。
8. B。细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，那些成功的冒险者借助内部来定义安全感，而普通人借助外部来定义安全感。这也是这两类人在安全感方面最大的区别。因此B项正确。