Period Four Integrated skills
Learning Aims(学习目标)
1．Listening(重点难点)
2．Writing(重点难点)
策略指导
英语听力测试中，有时需要知道说话者的态度。这就需要听者注意某些表示积极和消极态度的词汇，如 good/great/fantastic；I like/enjoy；bad/terrible/awful；I don’t like/dislike等。平时还要多积累一些常见的话题词汇和话题句式。本单元的话题是太空探索及外星人。
常见话题词汇：
1．space flight 太空飞行
2．manned/unmanned spacecraft 载人/无人飞船
3．alien 外星人
4．spacesuit 太空服
5．man made satellite 人造卫星
6．strangers from space 来自太空的陌生人
7．outer/deep space 外太空
8．orbit the earth 绕地球飞行
9．space shuttle 航天飞机
10．NASA(National Aeronautics and Space Administration) 美国国家航空航天局
11．in the universe 在宇宙中
12．gravity 重力
常见话题句式：
1．Some people believe that space exploration is...一些人相信：太空探索……
2．Some think it a waste of...一些人认为它浪费了……
3．Space projects will also enable us to...太空项目也使我们能……
4．Space exploration contributes not only to the improvement of the quality of human lives，but also to our understanding of...太空探索不仅有助于提高人们的生活质量，而且有助于提高我们对……的理解。
5．We don’t know when the universe came into being.我们不知道宇宙是何时形成的。
6．With the help of the aliens，we manage to...在外星人的帮助下，我们成功地……
7．This was the start of a new age of space travel.这是太空旅行新时代的开端。
8．The world is still only at the very beginning of its voyage into space.这个世界仍然还处于太空旅行的初级阶段。
听力集训
Do listening exercises in the book.
1．Jenny and Bob are talking about aliens.Listen to the conversation and decide whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F)．Circle the incorrect information in the false statements and correct it in the blanks.(教材P22)
2．Listen to the conversation again and complete the notes below.(教材P22)
Activity 1
Read the conversation between Bob and Jenny.Do the following exercises.
1．When you write a story about aliens，you should give vivid descriptions using your observation and imagination.When describing a setting，you can use adjectives to create a mood.
2．The core of such a story is the plot which should be based on the comic strip.
Activity 2
According to the conversation，we can learn when we write a story about aliens we can use the following outline.(写作模板)
A story about aliens
Setting
Characters
Plot
本单元的写作任务是写一篇有关外星人的故事。此类写作中，必须通过细致的观察和丰富的想象进行生动形象的描写，以给读者留下深刻的印象。在进行背景描写时，可使用一些形容词来烘托心情。情节是此类故事的核心，务必注意故事中的人物及各种冲突设置。
常用表达
1．...happens to...……发生了……
2．It is quite likely/possible/probable that...很可能……
3．...will go to...……将去……
4．They will go to...by...他们将乘坐……去……
5．They...in a friendly atmosphere.在友好的氛围中，他们……
请根据课本P23 Part B 的漫画内容写一篇有关外星人的小故事。
注意：可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第一步 审题谋篇
[审题]
写作要求是写关于有关外星人的小故事，写作时应注意下面几点：
1．确定文体：这是一篇小故事。写作时注意故事的写作特点。
2．主体时态：以一般过去时为主。
3．主体人称：以第一人称为主。
[谋篇]
第一段：介绍故事发生的背景。
第二段：介绍故事中的主要人物以及故事情节。
第三段：介绍故事的结局。
第二步 遣词造句
[核心词汇]
1．一条荒芜的街道 a deserted street
2．一个奇怪的声音 a strange noise
3．令人害怕的 scary
4．僵住 frozen
5．手拉手 hand in hand
6．触手可及 within one’s reach
7．在友好的氛围中 in a friendly atmosphere
[连词成句]
1．一天晚上，我正在一条荒芜的街道上走着。
One night，I was walking on a deserted street.
2．就在那时，我听到从漆黑的天空中传来了一个奇怪的声音。
At that time I heard a strange noise from the dark sky.
3．我非常害怕，只能一动不动地站在那里。
I was very frightened and I could do nothing but stand there，frozen.
4．在友好的氛围中，我们谈论了许多关于太空的话题。
We talked a lot about space in a friendly atmosphere.
第三步 句式升级
1．用be doing...when...连接句1和句2
One night，I was walking on a deserted street when I heard a strange noise from the dark sky.
2．用so...that...结构改写句3
I was so frightened that I could do nothing but stand there，frozen.
第四步 组句成篇
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇英语短文。
参考范文
One night，I was walking on a deserted street when I heard a strange noise from the dark sky.I looked up to see what was going on，a UFO！I saw a UFO land in front of me.
With green skin and green eyes，a short alien that looked strange and scary just came out.I was so frightened that I could do nothing but stand there，frozen.“Don’t be frightened，my earth friend.Now，I’m taking you to a new place.”Although trembling，I accepted its invitation curiously.We landed on the UFO hand in hand.After a while，we were flying in the vast sky，with the stars hanging within my reach and other planets floating around us.How fun！Sitting in the comfortable seat，we talked a lot about space in a friendly atmosphere.
About half an hour，we came back to the earth and then the UFO flew away.What an unforgettable experience I had!类文赏读 话题导入
IS EXPLORING SPACE A WASTEOF TIME AND MONEY
Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions，whether to Mars or other planets much further away.Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.Instead，we should feed the world’s poor and find immediate solutions to other problems，such as pollution and fatal1 diseases.However，others feel this is a shallow2 view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us.
Firstly，exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth.A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns3.Then the data is transmitted to scientists on Earth.After careful analysis4，the scientists can provide useful recommendations and advice for farmers.As a result，space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population.
Secondly，space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all.High-end products around the world are made to a higher standard now because of advanced technology which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration.For example，space technologies have helped the research and development of different types of new material.They have also helped companies make better heart monitors5 and other machines that doctors regularly use.Today，space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries，and everyday products such as GPS，memory foam pillows，and smartphone cameras are changing our lives.
Finally，sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world’s problems and even to find ways to solve them.Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited6.In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population，scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home.The greatest attention at present is on Mars because it is closer to Earth.In the future，humans may live on both planets.
In closing7，exploring space provides the world with many different benefits.Therefore，it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people’s short-term and long-term problems.(选自人教版新教材必修第三册 UNIT 4)
1．fatal /'fe tl/ adj.致命的；灾难性的
2．shallow /' l / adj.肤浅的；浅的
3．pattern /'p tn/ n．模式；图案；模范
4．analysis / 'n l s s/ n．(pl.analyses / 'n l si z/)(对事物的)分析；分析结果
5．monitor /'m n t (r)/ n．监视器；监测仪vt.监视；监测；监控
6．limited /'l m t d/ adj.有限的
7．in closing最后
1．However，others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us.
然而，另一部分人觉得这是一种肤浅的观点，没有认识到探索太空给我们带来的好处。
[句式分析] which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a shallow view。how exploring space helps us为宾语从句。
2．Secondly，space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all.
其次，太空探索推动了科技进步，使全人类受益。
[句式分析] 句中that benefit us all为定语从句，修饰先行词technological improvements。
3．Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited.
看着我们地球的照片，犹如黑色汪洋大海中的一个小岛，人们意识到地球上的资源是有限的。
[句式分析] 句中Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea为动名词短语作主语，made people realise为“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，that our planet’s resources are limited为宾语从句。
Period One Welcome to the unit Reading—Comprehending
Learning Aims(学习目标)
1．Learn some new words
2．Grasp the general idea of the passage(重点难点)
3．Learn some important sentences(重点难点)
阅读下列课文原句，写出句中加黑词汇的汉语意思
1．Due to the near absence of gravity in space，we have to attach ourselves so that we don’t float around.缺乏，不存在 重力，地球引力
2．We usually sleep in private quarters，which are more like large cupboards，or in sleeping bags attached to the walls or the ceiling.壁橱；橱柜；衣柜 天花板
3．Creatures such as mice，fish and mosquitoes have also been sent to the station！
动物，生物 蚊子
4．First，we put on our spacesuits，which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from exposure to the cold and radiation.面临，遭受 辐射，放射线
5．Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts’ health.
必不可少的，对……极重要的 宇航员，航天员
Task 1 宏观架构 整体理解
Ⅰ.Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
Ⅱ.The main idea of the passage is the author’s life on a space station.
Task 2 微观剖析 细节把握
1．How long did the author stay on a space station
A．Six months. B．Five months.
C．A year. D．Three months.
答案 A
2．Why do the astronauts attach themselves in space
A．Because they like to sleep in the way in space.
B．Because there is enough oxygen in space.
C．Because they like to float around in space.
D．Because they are afraid of floating around due to the near absence of gravity in space.
答案 D
3．Which animal hasn’t been sent to the station
A．Mouse. B．Fish.
C．Frog. D．Mosquito.
答案 C
4．From the passage we can infer that .
A．spacewalking is as exciting as you think
B．it’s easy to get fresh food in space
C．testing new equipment is the most challenging work in space
D．the astronauts’ spacesuits can protect them from the cold and radiation
答案 D
5．What’s the meaning of the phrase “go by” in the last paragraph
A．Pass. B．Die.
C．Fly. D．Disappear.
答案 A
Task 3 读后升华 思维品质
Activity 1 词汇学习——词族
这篇演讲记录中使用了很多下面表格中的词。用同一个词族中的词完成表格，然后想出更多的词族。
Verbs Nouns Adjectives Adverbs
adventure
differ
definitely
rewarding
remarkable
答案 (略)
Activity 2 美句欣赏——提升连贯性的代词
这篇演讲记录中使用了诸如it，that，they 等代词来提升连贯性。请找出使用了这些代词的句子并欣赏背诵。
答案：
1．My six-month stay on a space station has come to an end，and it has been a challenging but magical adventure.
2．I bet you’d love to know what daily life is like up in space and how it differs from that on the Earth—the low gravity definitely makes ordinary things strange!
3．The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding，but they can also be extremely rewarding.
4．Hopefully，it will cast new light on the Earth’s climate and lead to better lightning protection.
5．Salt and pepper are only in liquid form，so that they will not float away and block the air pipes.
Activity 3 文本讨论
1．What do you think of daily life on a space station？Use details from the lecture transcript to support your opinion.
2．At the end of the lecture，what questions would you like to ask the astronaut
3．What qualities do you think are needed to become an astronaut
译文：试着背部没有压力入睡是奇怪的，但我们不再为这些特别的床而烦恼了。
译文：占用了一天里大部分时间的日常工作要求很高，但是也会非常有意义。
译文：虽然地球的景色十分壮观，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。
课文语法填空
My six-month stay on a space station is a 1.challenging (challenge) but magical adventure.The daily life there for the astronauts differs from 2.that on the Earth.Due to the near absence of gravity in space，we have to attach ourselves 3.so that we don’t float around.
The routine tasks 4.occupying (occupy) most of the day are demanding but 5.extremely(extreme) rewarding.For a spacewalk，we have to put on our spacesuits,6.which can protect us from exposure to the cold and radiation.Meanwhile，eating is also different in space.It’s a luxury 7.to eat(eat) fresh food and we must drink water or any other liquids out of a bag through a thin tube of plastic.At the same time，spending some time in the gym is of vital 8.importance (important) to our health.We have to be tied onto specially designed exercise equipment to stop ourselves from floating around.What we like most 9.is(be)to sit back with the rest of the crew and watch the planet go by，taking pictures for our family and friends back home.To our delight，we get to see the sunrise every 90 10.minutes (minute)．In conclusion，all the challenges of life in space seem worth it.
课时跟踪练一
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Step into Moving to Mars，an exhibition of the Mars mission and colony design at London’s Design Museum，and immediately you have good reasons not to move there.
Frightening glowing wall-texts announce that Mars wasn’t made for you；that there is no life and precious little water；that，dressed in a spacesuit，you will never touch，taste or smell the planet you now call “home”．As Lisa Grossman wrote for New Scientist a couple of years ago，“What’s different about Mars is that there is nothing to do there except try not to die.”
It is an odd beginning for such a celebratory exhibition，but it provides a valuable，dark background against which the rest of the show can sparkle(闪耀) —a show that is，as its chief manager Justin remarks，“not about Mars；this is an exhibition about people”．
Moving along，there is a quick yet clear flash through what the science-fiction writer Robinson calls“the history of Mars in the human mind”．A Babylonian clay tablet and a Greek vase speak to early ideas about the planet.A poster for the original Total Recall film reminds us of Mars’ psychological threat.
The main part of the show is our current plans for the Red Planet.There are real spacesuits and models of 3D-printed Martian settlements and suitable clothing and furniture.Mission architectures and engineering sketches line the walls.Real hammers meant for the International Space Station are wall-mounted beside a low-gravity table that has yet to leave，and may indeed never leave Earth.
This，of course，is the great strength of approaching science through design：reality and assumption can be given equal visual weight，drawing us into an informed conversation about what it is that we actually want from a future on Mars.
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了伦敦设计博物馆的火星任务和移民地设计展览“搬到火星”的基本情况。
1．What is the text mainly about
A．How to move to Mars.
B．How to survive on Mars.
C．What preparations we made for Mars.
D．What the exhibition of the Mars mission truly tells us.
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。根据第一段以及文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了伦敦设计博物馆的火星任务和移民地设计展览“搬到火星”的基本情况。故选D。
2．What can we learn from Lisa Grossman
A．It’s impossible to live on Mars.
B．It’s no good settling on Mars.
C．You have nothing to do living on Mars.
D．You can live on Mars in a spacesuit.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，在火星上生活是不可能的。故选A。
3．What does the exhibition focus on
A．The current plans for Mars.
B．The advantages of living on Mars.
C．The early ideas about Mars.
D．The history of Mars in the human mind.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第五段首句可知展览的重点是关于火星目前的计划。故选A。
B
What’s a spacewalk Any time an astronaut gets out of a spacecraft while in space，it is called a spacewalk.Astronauts go on spacewalks for many reasons.For example，experiments can be placed on the outside of a spacecraft.This lets scientists learn how being in space affects different things.By going on spacewalks，astronauts can also fix certain things instead of bringing them back to the earth to fix.
When astronauts go on spacewalks，they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe.Inside spacesuits，astronauts have the oxygen they need to breathe and the water they need to drink.To keep the astronauts and the spacecraft safe，the astronauts must leave and go back to the spacecraft through a special door.When on a spacewalk，astronauts use safety tethers to stay close to their spacecraft，which connect the spacewalkers with the spacecraft.They keep astronauts from floating away into space.Another way astronauts stay safe during spacewalks is by wearing a SAFER.SAFER is worn like a backpack.It helps an astronaut move around in space.
How do astronauts train for spacewalks One way is by going for a swim.Floating in space is a lot like floating in water.Astronauts practice spacewalks underwater in a huge special swimming pool.For every one hour they will spend on a spacewalk，astronauts need to train seven hours in the pool.Another way astronauts practice for a spacewalk is by using virtual reality(虚拟现实)．It looks and feels just like a spacewalk.
Today，only three countries have finished spacewalks independently.They are Russia，the United States and China.The first person to go on a spacewalk in the world was Alexei Leonov from Russia.Zhai Zhigang is the first Chinese astronaut to go on a spacewalk.The world record of spacewalks is held by Russian astronaut Anatoly Solovyev.He has been on 16 spacewalks and spent more than 82 hours outside in space.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空行走。解释了进行太空行走的原因、太空行走的流程和宇航员是如何进行太空行走训练的。最后提到了只有俄罗斯、美国和中国这三个国家独立完成了太空行走。
4．What can an astronaut do by going on a spacewalk
A．Fix different objects.
B．Collect any things he wants.
C．Carry out an experiment.
D．Study how things change in space.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Astronauts go on spacewalks for many reasons.For example，experiments can be placed on the outside of a spacecraft.This lets scientists learn how being in space affects different things.”可知，宇航员进行太空行走能进行实验。故选C。
5．What does the underlined word “tethers” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Special ropes. B．Spacesuits.
C．Spacecraft. D．Special backpacks.
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。根据后文“which connect the spacewalkers with the spacecraft”可知，tethers是连接太空行走者和宇宙飞船的，结合选项可推测tethers是指一种特殊的绳子。故选A。
6．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs
A．Walking in space is as easy as going swimming.
B．A virtual reality should be used in a spacewalk.
C．Only three countries have ever tried spacewalks.
D．Russia keeps the world record of spacewalks.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The world record of spacewalks is held by Russian astronaut Anatoly Solovyev.He has been on 16 spacewalks and spent more than 82 hours outside in space.”可知，俄罗斯保持着太空行走的世界纪录。故选D。
7．Where is this passage most likely from
A．A diary. B．A magazine.
C．A novel. D．A guidebook.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“What’s a spacewalk Any time an astronaut gets out of a spacecraft while in space，it is called a spacewalk.”可知，文章属于科学知识类，结合选项可知最有可能来自一本杂志。故选B。
C
Space is the final frontier(前沿)．Sending rockets into space has become almost common.The demand for communications satellites and space-based image services is growing.
Today，space efforts cost about $200 billion a year.Joint efforts between governments and businesses are helping to lower costs and increase our understanding of the universe.
The business of space looks good for Orbital ATK，a company based in the United States.In January，the company launched its Antares rocket.The rocket was carrying the first of eight planned supply shipments to the International Space Station.Orbital ATK is one of the two American companies paid by NASA to transport supplies to the space station.
A company called Arianespace is a private European space business.Clayton Nowry heads the American division of the company.He says the increase in rocket launches is partly the result of increased demand for space-based technologies.These include high-definition(高清的) broadcasts and satellite broadband services.
While there is more demand for satellites，the end of NASA’s Space Shuttle program in 2011 has hurt the space industry.Janice Starzyk works at International Launch Services.She works on education issues at the Washington Space Business Roundtable.She said，“It’s a pity that the program’s shutdown was a huge，huge set of lay-offs(下岗人员) in the industry.”
But even as NASA reduces its spending，other countries have announced plans to explore space.In December 2013，China became just the third country to land an unmanned space vehicle on the moon.A month later，India sent its first communications satellite.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文，主要就“太空探索”这一话题展开相关内容的介绍，包括太空科技的发展、值得一提的相关公司、太空探索所遭遇的停滞和继续前行。
8．What makes sending rockets into space become very usual
A．More and more people wanting to explore space.
B．Space becoming human’s final home and dream.
C．Companies making every effort to earn $ 200 billion a year.
D．Increasing need for communications satellites and space-based image services.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Sending rockets into space has become almost common.The demand for communications satellites and space-based image services is growing.”这两句的逻辑关系可知，是有了这一需求，才使得人类向太空发射火箭变得普遍，综上所述本题选D。
9．Why are governments and businesses working together
A．To earn more money from space projects.
B．To send more rockets into space and use them.
C．To produce more communications satellites for the public.
D．To keep costs down and help us learn more about the universe.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，政商合作，共同努力，正助力太空探索降低成本费用，同时提高(我们人类)对于宇宙的认识理解。故选D。
10．What do we know about Orbital ATK
A．It’s a private European space business.
B．It sent its Antares rocket in January.
C．It’s a company based in the United Kingdom.
D．It’s the only American company paid by NASA.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。第三段整段介绍了该公司，根据第三段中的“In January，the company launched its Antares rocket.”可知，其在一月份发射了Antares火箭，B项时间和内容均与原文契合。故选B。
11．How may Janice Starzyk feel about the program’s shutdown
A．Hopeful. B．Content.
C．Regretful. D．Uninterested.
答案 C
解析 观点态度题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，她认为项目的终止对于航天工业来说是一个遗憾，而且导致了这一行业一系列的下岗潮，句中的关键词为pity(遗憾)，对应regretful(遗憾的，惋惜的)。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
The ability to stay positive is one of the most important skills for us.Why is this The reason is that we will spend most of our lives setting and trying to achieve goals.Everyone has dreams.Everyone wants to know deep down inside that they were put here to do something great. 1 The second you set a goal，difficulties will begin to appear to stand in your way.Most people let these challenges rob them of the life they really want.
If you want to achieve greatness，if you want to experience the best life possible，then be prepared to get knocked down over and over. 2 This explains why there are so many people who have stopped trying to reach their dreams.
So how do you remain positive regardless of what type of challenge you are facing It all comes down to how you choose to respond to any situation as well as what you decide to focus on.No matter how bad your situation is，you can always find something good in it. 3
If you keep focusing on how bad you have it，how are things supposed to get any better 4 Of course it is.If this is true，why even bother thinking positively That is because if you do，you have a chance to make things better.If you don’t，things will usually get a lot worse.
Realize that challenges are part of life. 5 It’s what makes reaching a goal worth it.If you were able to get everything you wanted without even trying，the victory wouldn’t taste as sweet.
A．Everyone will have to go through them.
B．Staying positive can be beneficial in many ways.
C．Staying positive during situations like this is not easy.
D．You can do things like reading positive books or listening to positive songs.
E．Is it possible to be positive and still have your circumstances get even worse
F．However，the problem is that life is tough.
G．So what you can do is start focusing on what is good.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，强调了在生活中保持积极态度的重要性，并提出了保持积极态度的建议。
1．答案 F
解析 设空处与前句是转折关系，虽然每个人都有目标，但生活中的困难会让我们的目标难以实现。设空处后一句印证了这一点。故F项符合上下文语境。
2．答案 C
解析 根据设空处后句“This explains why there are so many people who have stopped trying to reach their dreams.”可知，当人们遇见困难的时候很难保持乐观。故C项符合上下文语境。
3．答案 G
解析 根据设空处前句“No matter how bad your situation is，you can always find something good in it.”可知，无论情况多么糟糕，你总能找到其中好的方面。找到积极的方面以后，我们要多关注这些积极的因素。故G项符合上下文语境。
4．答案 E
解析 根据设空处后句“Of course it is.”可知，此句是对设空处的肯定回答。设空处应为一个一般疑问句，选项中只有E项为一般疑问句。故选E。
5．答案 A
解析 设空处前句“Realize that challenges are part of life.”告诉我们，挑战是生活的一部分，没有人可以避开它。A项“Everyone will have to go through them.”承接上文，符合语境。Period Three Grammar and usage
Learning Aims(学习目标)
1．Learn grammar—Subject clauses(重点难点)
2．Learn the following language point：depend on(重点难点)
Activity 1 读文探究
阅读教材P20的一段短文，探究并找出下表中的主语从句。
that That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground based telescopes，and it allows scientists to learn more about the universe.
whether Whether life on other planets does exist is yet to be proved，but the signs are promising...
it It is clear that telescopes are crucial tools for space exploration and that developing the required technology will help astronomers all over the world make exciting discoveries.
how much How much we will learn from the telescopes is merely limited by our imagination.
Activity 2 感悟规律
1．当从句陈述一个事实时，我们可以使用 that 来引导一个主语从句。
2．当从句是一个表示是否的问题时，我们可以使用 whether 来引导一个主语从句。
3．当主语从句很长时，可用 it 作形式主语。
4．当从句是表示程度的问题时，我们可以使用 how much 来引导一个主语从句。
Activity 3 语法精析
一、定义
在主从复合句中充当主语的从句即为主语从句。
What made people excited was that the solar ship had completed around the world trip.
让人们激动的是太阳能飞艇已完成了环游世界的旅行。
It worried the astronaut that her niece was always playing computer games.
侄女一直在玩电脑游戏，这让这个宇航员很担心。
二、主语从句的连接词及其句法功能
1．连接词that和whether/if
(1)that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，本身无任何意义，只起连接作用，但不可省略。
That the astronomers survived the accident in the circumstances is a miracle.
在这种情况下，天文学家们在事故中幸免于难简直是个奇迹。
(2)whether/if在从句中不充当任何句子成分，起连接作用，意为“是否”，不可省略。
Whether the radiation will be controlled is still unknown.
＝It is still unknown if/whether the radiation will be controlled.
辐射是否会得到控制还不知道。
[名师点津] whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面需用it作形式主语。
2．连接代词(who，whose，whom，what，which，whichever，whoever，whomever，whatever等)
连接代词引导主语从句，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
Whichever (of you) comes in first will be admitted by this agency.
无论(你们)谁先进来都将被这家机构录取。
Who will be in charge of the administration is plain to see.
谁将负责这个行政部门是显而易见的。
Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others.
无论你在业余时间做什么都不应该伤害其他人。
[名师点津] who 引导的主语从句表示一件“事情”，而whoever引导的主语从句指“人”。
3．连接副词(when，where，how，why等)
连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语。
How this mission was solved is not clear to anyone.
这个任务是怎么解决的，谁也不清楚。
When we will have a meeting is an important question.
我们何时举行会议是个重要的问题。
Where the treasure was buried is still a puzzle.
财宝埋在哪里仍然是个谜。
[名师点津] 名词性从句引导词的确定步骤：
(1)分析句式结构，明确名词性从句在句中的功能；
(2)明确名词性从句所表达的意义；
(3)明确名词性从句中所需要的成分及意义；
(4)确定从句的引导词。
三、主语从句中用it作形式主语的结构
1．It＋be＋形容词(vital，obvious，true，natural，strange，etc.)＋主语从句
It is vital that he should know about this.
他应该知道此事是重要的。
[名师点津] 在“It＋be＋形容词＋主语从句”结构中，若形容词为vital/important/
necessary/strange等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should) do”。
2．It＋be＋名词词组(no wonder，an honour，a pity，a/no surprise，etc.)＋主语从句
It’s a pity that playing computer games has occupied too much of his time.
很遗憾玩电脑游戏占了他太多的时间。
3．It＋be＋过去分词(suggested，said，reported，thought，expected，proved，etc.)＋主语从句
It is suggested that the foundation should be set up to collect enough money.
有人建议应建立基金会来筹钱。
[名师点津] 在“It＋be＋过去分词＋主语从句”结构中，过去分词若为suggested/ordered/
required/advised等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should) do”。
4．It＋不及物动词(happen，seem，appear，remain，etc.)＋主语从句
It seems that it is going to rain.
看起来好像要下雨。
5．It＋及物动词＋宾语＋主语从句
It surprised him why they came to visit him suddenly.
让他吃惊的是他们为什么突然来看他。
四、主语从句中应注意的问题
1．从句要用陈述语序
What we will do next should be decided.
应该决定我们下一步该做什么。
2．主谓一致
(1)从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式。
Where he will get a job after graduation has bothered him much.
毕业后到哪儿找份工作使他很烦恼。
[名师点津] what引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语动词应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。
What the school needs most are books.
这所学校最需要的是书。
(2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。
When and where the movie will be shown is not clear.
这部影片何时何地上映还不清楚。
Whether they are able to grow more vegetables in space depends on how much time it takes.(教材P21)
?depend on/upon 依靠；依赖；指望
depend on/upon sb.to do sth.依靠某人做某事 depend on/upon sb.’s doing sth.相信/指望某人做某事 depend on/upon sb.for sth.靠某人供给某物 depend on/upon it that...相信/指望……
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①Depending on/upon the kind of race you plan to enter，you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.
②Neither having a car nor knowing the city，I was depending on/upon a couple of buses to get me from one place to another.
③You can depend on/upon it that such a boring thing will never happen again.
[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending(depend) on what the person says.
②As some of these actors could not sing well enough，they had to depend on other musicians to help(help) them.
③You may depend on/upon it that she can earn her living.
你可以放心，她可以自食其力。
Ⅰ.用适当的连接词完成下面短文
Everyone knew 1.that Wendy was a famous writer，but no one knew 2.where she came from and 3.whether she was born in 1961 was still a mystery.4.What they did know was 5.that she was loved by poor people because she always helped 6.whoever was in need of money.Wendy was generous and helpful，but some people thought she was chasing fame.Wendy said she didn’t understand 7.why they were so narrow minded，but it didn’t matter 8.what others thought of her.She just wanted to do 9.what(ever) she thought was right.I think that is 10.where the meaning of life lies.
Ⅱ.完成教材P21 B部分
课时跟踪练三
基础巩固
Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空
1．How the mission was done was a permanent mystery.
2．Why John was late for the class is plain to see.
3．Which part of the territory he will make his way to needs discussing.
4．Where/When the English Evening will be held has not yet been decided.
5．What bothers me most is that he is too proud to take part in it.
6．Whoever is interested in the activity can sign their names.
7．Who will be in charge of the company is being discussed.
8．Whether the astronomers will hold a party tomorrow depends on the weather.
9．Where cars will be parked in the future is a question.
10．It is very important that a student(should)learn English well.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．It is obvious that the video turns out splendid.
很明显视频是极好的。
2．What impressed us most was your art skills，in which you showed outstanding talent.
给我们印象最深的是你那展示了你的杰出才能的艺术技巧。
3．What surprises us most is that the water can remain at that temperature for about twenty hours.
让我们最吃惊的是，水能保持那个温度大约20个小时。
4．That the film star will come to our city has excited every one of us.
这个电影明星将来我们市使我们每个人感到兴奋。
5．Whether she is coming or not doesn’t bother me too much.
她是否会来我都不太在意。
能力提升
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
Modern day robots may not be as entertaining as R2D2 or the robot from Lost in Space，but robots are very important to space exploration and are being used in a variety of different ways for several important reasons.
Robots make great explorers on planets，moons，and other landing areas.Aside from the earth，just about every surface in the solar system is unsafe for humans to explore.The air on most other planets is insufficient for humans to breathe，making it necessary to wear a spacesuit and oxygen equipment.The temperatures on these surfaces are much too hot or much too cold for any humans to withstand.Plus there would be complications with radiation，weather，and a lack of gravity.Robots have much less limitation in these areas and can survive much longer under these conditions.
Robots are designed for collecting scientific data.Robots are also able to perform many tasks at one time and can process information much quicker and more efficiently.Important scientific projects from detecting minerals，analyzing ground samples，to finding water are all performed much quicker and accurately by robots.
The use of robots has made the cost of space exploration much less expensive than it would cost for humans to do the work.In order to successfully send humans into space we would need to build a vehicle that can not only carry humans，but also enough food and water to keep them alive for the duration of the trip.Moreover，robots have no problems working for hours on end.Robots never complain，they don’t require food or water，and they never need a bathroom break.
Over the past 30 years or so there have been many different types of robots used successfully in the exploration of space.Perhaps the most famous and successful robots are Spirit and Opportunity who have both been exploring the surface of Mars.They have both been very successful with experiments on soil and rocks and have even found evidence of water in Mars’ history.
1．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．The Development of Robots
B．The Discovery of Space Exploration
C．No Robots，No Space Exploration
D．Robots Are Used in Space Exploration
答案 D
解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“...but robots are very important to space exploration and are being used in a variety of different ways for several important reasons.”并结合下文可知，本文主要介绍了机器人正运用于太空探索，故D项正确。
2．According to the passage，which of the following is NOT true
A．The use of robots in space exploration costs more than the use of humans.
B．It is dangerous for humans to explore other surfaces in the solar system except the earth.
C．Both Spirit and Opportunity have found the evidence of water on Mars.
D．Many different types of robots have explored the space successfully.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段首句“The use of robots has made the cost of space exploration much less expensive than it would cost for humans to do the work.”可知，用机器人进行太空探索比人类从事这项工作花费更少，故选A项。
3．The underlined word “withstand” in Paragraph 2 most probably means “ ”．
A．remain B．bear
C．defeat D．develop
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“The temperatures on these surfaces are much too hot or much too cold for any humans to withstand.”可知，温度太高或太低，人类都无法忍受，可知画线词词义为“忍受”，故B项正确。
4．What is the writer’s attitude in this passage
A．Negative. B．Persuasive.
C．Subjective. D．Objective.
答案 D
解析 观点态度题。纵观全文可知，作者只是客观地介绍了机器人在太空探索中的应用，并没有带任何感彩，故D项正确。
B
From the first use of the rocket to carry satellites into space to the setting up of space stations，human beings have been putting great effort into space research.And so far，we have achieved many successes.But there are still numerous tasks in front of us and we should not stop trying to progress.
The International Space Station(ISS) is an important step we should take in space exploration.It is not only helpful but also essential.It provides a proper space environment for many experiments that we have wanted to do for a long time.It is also a base for the observations of the earth and the universe.It could also be an important base for later travel to the moon and Mars.In a word，if we want to explore space more，the first thing we should do is to set up a space station.
As the space station costs a lot of money，it is hard for one country alone to establish one.The USA seems to be the only country that has the ability to build a space station alone，and it has tried to do so，but not very successful.So it aggregated many other countries to work on it together.Though it is still extremely expensive，it is much cheaper than doing it alone.It is really a job that needs everyone’s effort and will benefit everyone.
Led by the US and Russia，the ISS is a joint project between six space agencies involving 16 countries.Called the greatest achievement in human cooperation，the ISS has come to the end of a ten year’s hard work in construction.China has applied for participation in the project many times.Unfortunately all the applications were rejected，which drove China onto the path of independent development.As the Long March Ⅱ F/T1 carrier rocket blasted off and successfully carried Tiangong 1 into space on September 29,2011，China took a big step towards its Space Station Era.
Some West media suggested that the successful launch of Tiangong 1 would disturb the balance of global space power，raising concerns about “China threat”．China’s space project is not designed for military purpose but for developing space technology to explore space resources and make use of them for mankind’s well being.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，讲述了国际空间站对人类探索太空起着非常重要的作用。国际空间站造价很高。现有的国际空间站是在美国和俄罗斯的领导下，由六个太空机构参与的一个联合项目，涉及16个国家。中国因多次申请参加该项目被拒而走上了独立发展的道路。
5．From Paragraph 2 we learn that .
A．the necessity of building the International Space Station is not realized now
B．many experiments have been done in the International Space Station
C．the International Space Station is necessary for people to explore space more
D．people have travelled to Mars from the International Space Station
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。由第二段前两句和第二段最后一句“In a word，if we want to explore space more，the first thing we should do is to set up a space station.”可推断出，第二段讲述了国际空间站对于人们更多地探索太空是很有必要的。故选C项。
6．The underlined word “aggregated” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by “ ”．
A．united B．scolded
C．allowed D．forbade
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。由第三段第一句和第三段中的“So it aggregated many other countries to work on it together.”可知，单靠一个国家建空间站是很难的，需要许多国家联合起来。由此可推知，画线词在此处意为“联合，团结”。故选A项。
7．Which of the following is NOT a reason for countries’ cooperation in building the International Space Station
A．That it requires a lot of money.
B．That it needs everyone’s effort.
C．That it will benefit every participating country.
D．That it is too far away from the earth.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。由第三段第一句“As the space station costs a lot of money，it is hard for one country alone to establish one.”和第三段最后一句“It is really a job that needs everyone’s effort and will benefit everyone.”可知，A、B、C三项正确，只有D项未提及。故选D项。
8．China wants to build its space station in order to .
A．break the balance of global space power
B．show that China can build space station alone
C．raise international concerns about “China threat”
D．make use of space peacefully for mankind’s well being
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。由最后一段最后一句可知，中国建空间站的目的是和平利用太空造福人类。故选D项。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Astronomy is the oldest science 1. (know) to man.Thousands of years ago man looked at the stars and wondered about the heavens.But man was 2. (limit) by the six planets that he could see only 3. his eyes alone.The Greeks studied astronomy over 2,000 years ago.They could see the size，colour，and 4. (bright) of a star.They could see its place in the sky.They watched the stars 5. (move) as the seasons changed.But the Greeks had no tools to help themselves study the heavens.Each new tool added to the field of astronomy helped man reach out into space.Man knew a little about the moon 6. there were telescopes.
He did not know that the planet called Saturn had 7. (ring) around it.His sight was
8. limited that he could not see all the planets.In the early 1700s，people thought there were only six planets.Before the spectroscope，man did not know what kind of gases 9. (be) around the sun or other stars.Without the radio telescope，we did not know that radio noises came from far in space.Today，astronomy is a 10. (grow) science.We have learned more in the last fifty years than in the whole history of astronomy.
1．答案 known
解析 考查过去分词。the oldest science是know动作的承受者，故用过去分词known作定语，表示被动。故填known。
2．答案 limited
解析 考查被动语态。根据句意可知此处为被动语态，be limited by被……所限制。故填limited。
3．答案 with
解析 考查介词。用眼睛观察应用介词“with”。故填with。
4．答案 brightness
解析 考查名词。分析句子可知此处为and连接的三个并列的名词，brightness“亮度”。故填brightness。
5．答案 move
解析 考查非谓语动词。理解句意可知，本空并非表示看着星星正在移动，而是观看移动的整个过程，watch后跟省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。故填move。
6．答案 until
解析 考查连词。理解句意可知，此处应用until引导时间状语从句，故填until。
7．答案 rings
解析 考查名词复数。根据常识可知，土星有土星环，而且不止一个，故用名词ring“环行物”的复数形式。故填rings。
8．答案 so
解析 考查连词。根据句意结合空后的形容词limited可知，此处考查结果状语从句：so＋adj./adv.＋that从句。故填so。
9．答案 was
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。主句的时态是过去时，而且句子的主语是kind of gases，根据of前的kind确定从句谓语动词的单复数，故用一般过去时was。故填was。
10．答案 growing
解析 考查形容词。根据句意可知此处应用形容词作定语修饰science，growing表示“正在成长的”。故填growing。Period Two Welcome to the unit & Reading —Language points
Learning Aims(学习目标)
1．Learn the following language points：absence；occupy；in/under the circumstances；vital；there is no such...(as...)(重点难点)
2．Learn the following language point：That/This/It is why...(重点)
Due to the near absence of gravity in space，we have to attach ourselves so that we don’t float around.(教材P16)
?absence n．缺乏；不存在；缺席
(1)in/during the absence of sb.＝in/during one’s absence某人不在时 (2)absent adj.不在的；缺席的；心不在焉的 be absent from...不参加……；缺席……
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①Furthermore，I took pride in what I had done in the absence of my father，a famous astronaut.
②Tom is absent from the barbecue because the sun is always beating down in summer.
[单句语法填空/句型转换]
①Every time I returned after an absence(absent)，I felt stupid because I was behind the others.
②In view of his ability，the young man will be in possession of the administration in my absence.
→In view of his ability，the young man will be in possession of the administration in/during the absence of me.
The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding，but they can also be extremely rewarding.(教材P16)
?occupy vt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于
(1)occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth.忙于某事；专心做某事 (2)occupied adj.忙于……的；从事……的；使用中的 be occupied in doing sth.忙于做某事 be occupied with sth.从事/忙于某事 (3)occupation n．占领；职业；工作
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①Harry occupied himself in doing his homework，sitting in front of his old cupboard.
②Helen was fully occupied with business matters，so we didn’t want to bother her.
③After graduation，the man decided to regard becoming an astronaut as his occupation.
[单句语法填空/一句多译]
①After entering senior high school，you should set aside some time to participate in some out-of-class activities although occupied(occupy) in studying.
②May I have your address，telephone number，age and occupation(occupy)，please
③虽然年轻，但她一整天忙于家务。
→Young as she was，she occupied herself with housework all day.(occupy oneself with)
→Young as she was，she was occupied with housework all day.(be occupied with)
→Young as she was，she occupied herself in doing housework all day.(occupy oneself in)
→Young as she was，she was occupied in doing housework all day.(be occupied in)
In the circumstances，it’s time for a spacewalk.(教材P17)
?in/under the circumstances在这种情况下，既然如此
in/under no circumstances绝不 放句首时句子用倒装语序 in/under any circumstances在任何情况下 if circumstances allow/permit如果条件允许的话
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①My teacher always reminds me that under no circumstances should I abandon my learning goals once I set them.
②As an astronaut，he will never give up his dream of exploring space in/under any circumstances.
③If circumstances allow/permit，I will spare no effort to help you find a suitable accommodation.
[完成句子]
①In/Under the circumstances，it seems better not to tell him the truth.
既然如此，不告诉他实情似乎更好。
②In/Under no circumstances did I expect that I would meet so many problems when I decided to take the job.
当我决定接受这份工作时，我完全没有料到会遇到这么多问题。
Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts’ health.(教材P17)
?vital adj.必不可少的；对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的
be vital to/for...对……极为重要的 It is vital to do...做……很重要 It is vital that...(should) do sth.……是十分重要的
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①As far as we all are concerned，consideration for other people is vital to/for all of us.
②As for the work，it is vital to cast new light on its details immediately.
③If we are to make a difference in life，it’s vital that we (should) begin with small things.
[单句语法填空/一句多译]
①What’s more，some drivers，cyclists and pedestrians(行人) do not think it vital to obey(obey) traffic rules.
②As we all know，water is vital to/for keeping every creature alive，without which the world would be a dead place.
③重要的是我们应该从失败中吸取教训。
→What’s vital is that we should learn something from failure.(主语从句)
→It’s vital that we should learn something from failure.(it作形式主语)
However，because of the near absence of gravity in space，there is no such thing as “up” or “down”．(教材P19)
?there is no such...(as...)
(1)there is no such...(as...)是固定句式，表示“(世界上)没有(像……)这样的……”。句中“no such＋单数名词”意为“没有这样的……”，其中单数名词前不可再加冠词，相当于“not such a/an＋单数名词”；as在此为介词。 (2)such...as...像……这样的……，as 在句中引导定语从句。 (3)such...that引导结果状语从句。 (4)so＋adj./adv.＋that从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①Believe it or not，there is no such thing as standard English.
②There is no such (＝not such a) man in our territory.
③The blooming flowers were so awesome that they left a permanent impression on us.
[单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级]
①It’s such a difficult problem as we can’t work out.
②It’s such a difficult problem that we can’t work it out.
③It may help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech.
它能帮助你认识到根本就没有完美的演讲。
④The pen writes so smoothly that it can contribute to making our handwriting better.
→So smoothly does the pen write that it can contribute to making our handwriting better.(倒装)
That’s why every spacewalk is carefully planned.(教材P17)
?That/This/It is why...
(1)That/This/It is why...表示“那/这就是为什么……”，why 引导表语从句。 (2)It/This/That is because...这/那是因为…… (3)The reason why...is/was that...……的原因是……
①That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water—the former is warmer.
那就是为什么鱼类喜欢浅水而不是深水的原因——前者更温暖些。
②Maybe it’s because we have seldom sat down and exchanged our thoughts and feelings.
那可能是因为我们很少坐下来交流思想感情。
③The reason why he wasn’t admitted into a key university was that his grades were too low.
他没有被重点大学录取的原因是他的分数太低。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．As a skilled worker，he is occupied(occupy) with the maintenance of the cars every day.
2．It comes as no surprise that racism is wholly unacceptable under any circumstances (circumstance)
3．The case was dismissed in the absence (absent) of any definite proof.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．It is vital to make children realize the importance of protecting themselves from radiation.
让孩子们意识到保护自己免遭辐射的重要性是至关重要的。
2．There is no such/not such a student as you have described in our class.
我们班没有你描述的那样的学生。
3．Almost everyone at all ages can enjoy music.This is why music is so popular.
几乎所有年龄段的人都能欣赏音乐，这就是音乐如此受欢迎的原因。
课时跟踪练二
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Because of the absence of gravity，the astronauts have to attach themselves in space.
2．After the flood，some cupboards(衣柜) were floating around the valley.
3．Don’t bother(花费时间精力) to help him and he will be able to manage the mission
4．How to evaluate the statue’s value was concerning the experts in this research center.
5．The big mosquito was flying around the depth of the valley and bit me all of a sudden.
6．Without the aid of a microscope some germs can not be seen by us.
7．We need to find more creative ways to discipline(严格要求) our students and to maintain control in the classroom.
8．Staring at the broken ceiling(天花板)，one of my nieces decided to make her way to next hotel for accommodation.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I have been so occupied(occupy) with the mission that I don’t have time for social activities.
2．We set up a wildlife reserve to protect animals from being hunted(hunt)．
3．What annoyed me was that he was always absent(absence) from my class.
4．Strong as you may be，you cannot carry the heavy box by yourself.
5．It is visible that taking plenty of exercise can be of great benefit(beneficial)．
6．In view of the weather，a minority of my classmates decided to cancel the barbecue.
7．It is a pity that you should miss(miss) such a good chance to make your way to the Arctic.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．随着截止日期的来临，我工作得更勤奋了。(as)
As the deadline came near，I worked harder.
2．令我们高兴的是，会议半个小时就结束了。(come to an end)
To our delight，the meeting came to an end after half an hour.
3．他频繁的缺课使我们进一步了解他的家庭状况。(cast new light on)
His frequent absence from class cast new light on his family circumstances.
4．那就是那个宇航员喜欢在太空站履行任务的原因。(That is why...)
That is why the astronaut likes performing tasks inside the space station.
5．如果是二度或者三度烧伤，把伤者立刻送往医院是至关重要的。(vital)
If the injuries are second or third degree burns，it is vital to get the injured to the hospital at once.
能力提升
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Scientists say they have developed a system that uses machine learning to predict when and where lightning will strike.Researchers report the system is able to predict lightning strikes up to 30 minutes before they happen within a 30-kilometer area.
Lightning is a strong burst of electricity in the atmosphere.Since it carries an extremely powerful electrical charge，it can be destructive and deadly.European researchers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year.For this reason，climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict lightning.
The system tested in the experiments uses a combination of data from weather stations and machine learning methods.The researchers developed a prediction model that was trained to recognize weather conditions that were likely to cause lightning.
The model was created with data collected over a 12-year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas.The data，related to four main surface conditions：air pressure，air temperature，relative humidity and wind speed，was placed into a unique machine learning algorithm(算法)，which compared it to records of lightning strikes.Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the conditions under which lightning happens.
The researchers test-ran the system several times.They found that the system made predictions that proved correct almost 80 percent of the time.“It can now be used anywhere，” the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology said in a statement.
The researchers plan to keep developing the technology in partnership with a European effort that aims to create a lightning protection program.The effort is called the European Laser Lightning Rod project.Scientists working on the project are experimenting with a laser technology that could someday control lightning activity，transferring lightning charges from clouds to the ground.They hope that such technology can one day be used as protection against lightning strikes.Possible uses could be at stations，airports or places where large crowds gather.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们开发出一种利用机器学习来预测闪电何时何地发生的系统。
1．Why was the system developed
A．To meet kids’ curiosity about lightning.
B．To show the power of lightning.
C．To keep track of lightning deaths.
D．To protect people from lightning.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。由第二段最后两句可知，欧洲研究人员估计，全世界每年有6 000到24 000人死于闪电。由于这个原因，气候科学家一直在寻找预测闪电的方法。故选D项。
2．What was special about the system
A．It was based on a number of samples worldwide.
B．It adopted a different machine learning algorithm.
C．It used an effective method of collecting data.
D．It required low cost of predicting lightning.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。由第四段第二句可知，与四个主要表面条件即气压、气温、相对湿度和风速相关的数据被放入一个独特的机器学习算法中，这种算法将数据跟闪电袭击记录作比对。由此可见，这个系统的独特之处在于它独特的算法。故选B项。
3．What will the researchers do next with the laser technology
A．Monitor lightning activity.
B．Prevent the occurrence of lightning.
C．Direct energy from lightning.
D．Generate electricity with lightning.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。由最后一段第三句可知，参与该项目的科学家正在试验一种激光技术，希望有一天这种技术可以控制闪电活动，将闪电电荷从云层转移到地面。利用技术将闪电的电荷转移到地面另做他用，减少危害。换句话说就是控制和利用闪电能量，用作其他用途。故选C项。
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．A System of Controlling Lightning
B．A Method of Forecasting Lightning
C．A Theory of Employing Lightning
D．A Model of Creating Lightning
答案 B
解析 标题归纳题。由第一段第一句可知，科学家们表示，他们已经开发出一种利用机器学习来预测闪电何时何地发生的系统。也就是一种预测闪电的方法，而且下文主要就是围绕这一点来讲的，故选B项。
Ⅴ.完形填空
For a little girl growing up in Colombia，a science career with NASA may seem impossible.Trujillo，however，is an aerospace 1 who leads a team at the NASA laboratory 2 for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover(火星探测器)．
How did Trujillo go from simply dreaming about the universe to 3 exploring it That’s a tale of 4 written in the stars.
Born in 1983，even as a young girl Trujillo was 5 of her passion for science.But she doubted how far she’d be able to 6 in a male-dominated field.Then her dad offered to send her to Miami.Only 17 at the time，she 7 the offer.
Trujillo took a series of housekeeping 8 to put herself through Miami Dade College.Sometimes she was cleaning bathrooms to help pay her way through her 9 .But she didn’t 10 .“I saw everything coming my way as an opportunity.”
Then came another life-changing moment.She became the first Hispanic(西班牙语国家的) woman to be 11 to the NASA Academy.Later，she became an engineer at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center.
This February，when the Perseverance rover 12 on the surface of Mars，it was 13 by commentary(解说) from Trujillo in NASA’s first-ever Spanish-language 14 .
Trujillo’s own story is 15 that just beyond the barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to reach for the stars.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Trujillo作为一名女性，靠着努力和毅力一步步成为美国宇航局的工程师的故事。
1．A.astronaut B．pilot
C．engineer D．guide
答案 C
解析 astronaut宇航员；pilot飞行员；engineer工程师；guide指导，向导。根据下文“Later，she became an engineer at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center.”可知，她成为美国宇航局工程师，所以此处表示她是航天“工程师”，故选C。
2．A.eager B．responsible
C．concerned D．grateful
答案 B
解析 eager 渴望的；responsible负责任的；concerned担心的；grateful感激的。此空是前面laboratory的后置定语，根据句意以及选项意思，可知此处表示的是这个实验室的职责，be responsible for“负责……”，故选B。
3．A.actually B．hardly
C．precisely D．repeatedly
答案 A
解析 actually事实上；hardly几乎不；precisely准确地；repeatedly 重复地。此空对应此句中的“dreaming about”，表示的是“从梦想变成了现实”，在现实中真正地探索宇宙。故选A。
4．A.innocence B．kindness
C．perseverance D．sympathy
答案 C
解析 innocence无辜，无罪；kindness善良；perseverance毅力；sympathy 同情。根据文章开头“For a little girl growing up in Colombia，a science career with NASA may seem impossible.”可知，对于一个女孩来说，要进入美国宇航局工作是非常难的一件事，而这个女孩做到了，结合选项，所以此处表达她的整个经历是一个关于毅力和坚持的故事。故选C。
5．A.certain B．tolerant
C．afraid D．fond
答案 A
解析 certain确信的；tolerant容忍的，宽容的；afraid害怕的，担心的；fond喜爱的。根据上文“How did Trujillo go from simply dreaming about the universe to exploring it？”可知，她一直梦想着探索宇宙，再结合此句中的even，可知此处表达甚至在她还很小的时候，她就确定了对科学的追求和喜爱，故选A。
6．A.respond B．rise
C．invest D．apply
答案 B
解析 respond回应；rise上升，地位提高；invest投资，投入；apply申请，应用。根据空后“in a male-dominated field”并结合句意以及选项可知，此处表达在这样一个男性主导的领域里，Trujillo不知道她的努力和坚持能让自己走多远，地位能提高多少，故选B。
7．A.made up B．turned up
C．picked up D．took up
答案 D
解析 make up编造；turn up出现，调大；pick up捡起，学会；take up接受(建议或主意)，占据。上文提到她爸爸提出送她去迈阿密，下文提到她去迈阿密上大学，所以此处表示，她接受了爸爸让她去迈阿密的提议。故选D。
8．A.measures B．activities
C．jobs D．courses
答案 C
解析 句意为：Trujillo做了许多家政工作，使自己读完了迈阿密戴德学院。measure措施；activity活动；job工作；course课程。故选C。
9．A.studies B．purchases
C．recreations D．trips
答案 A
解析 study学习，研究；purchase购买的东西；recreation休闲活动；trip旅行。上题分析提到她做家政工作帮助她读完大学，结合选项可知，此处表示她打扫浴室帮助她完成学业，故选A。
10．A.skip B．panic
C．reform D．complain
答案 D
解析 skip 略过；panic 惊慌；reform 改革；complain 抱怨。上文提到为了完成学业，她要做家政工作，此句用到转折词“But”，再根据空后“I saw everything coming my way as an opportunity”可知，此处表示，尽管完成学业不易，但是她不抱怨，故选D。
11．A.applied B．admitted
C．assigned D．introduced
答案 B
解析 apply申请，应用；admit承认，准许……进入；assign分配，分派；introduce介绍。根据上文“Then came another life-changing moment.”可知，此处表示她被美国宇航局学院录取，这是她人生的转折点，be admitted to“被……录取”，故选B。
12．A.originated B．sank
C．landed D．waited
答案 C
解析 originate起源；sink下沉；land降落，着陆；wait等待。根据此空的主语、空后地点状语以及选项可知，此处表示的是“毅力号”在火星表面着陆，故选C。
13．A.accompanied B．restricted
C．enhanced D．teased
答案 A
解析 accompany陪伴，伴随；restrict限制；enhance增强；tease取笑，戏弄。结合上文以及空后“by commentary(解说) from Trujillo in NASA’s...”可知，此处表示的是“毅力号”着陆时，同时伴随着广播中Trujillo的西班牙语解说，故选A。
14．A.theory B．broadcast
C．criticism D．performance
答案 B
解析 theory 理论；broadcast 广播节目；criticism 批评；performance 表演，表现。参考上题解析，故选B。
15．A.enterprise B．information
C．competence D．proof
答案 D
解析 句意为：Trujillo自己的故事证明，越过障碍，有一个充满机遇的宇宙在等待着任何愿意全力以赴去够星星的人。enterprise 公司；information 信息；competence 能力，胜任；proof 证据，证明。
Ⅵ.语法填空
(2021·四川射洪模拟)
China’s successful space mission which involved sending into space the core module(核心模块) of its Tianhe space station lit up Chinese social media on Thursday.
The Long March-5B Y2 rocket,1. (carry) the Tianhe module，was sent up from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site in Hainan Province around 11 am on Thursday.Video clips of the launch soon became a hit on Chinese social media and received more than 2 million views within one hour on China’s Twitter-like Weibo.
Weibo 2. (flood) with excitement and national pride.“I burst into 3. (tear) watching the launch video—We Chinese will have a ‘home’ in space！” one user wrote.More users shared videos 4. (express) their love and ambitious expectations for China’s space industry.
Before Tianhe’s launch，audio of 5. collection of pulsar signals(脉冲星信号) recently captured by FAST—also known 6. China’s “Sky Eye”—was seen to spread widely on social media 7. (early) on Thursday by excited Chinese netizens.
The launching of Tianhe and the pulsar signals captured by FAST gave Chinese people strong 8. (encourage)．In today’s world filled with epidemics and disasters，those 9. insist on looking up at the stars and exploring the universe are 10. (definite) the light of hope and civilization to mankind.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述中国成功将天河空间站核心舱送入太空，这在中国社交媒体上引起了轰动。
1．答案 carrying
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析可知，句子谓语动词为was sent up，和carry之间无连词，所以空处为非谓语，且和逻辑主语The Long March-5B Y2 rocket之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填carrying。
2．答案 was flooded
解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析可知，空处为句子谓语，动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时，且Weibo和flood之间为被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，Weibo为单数第三人称，谓语用单数。故填was flooded。
3．答案 tears
解析 考查名词复数。burst into tears意为“泪流满面”，为固定短语。故填tears。
4．答案 to express
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析可知，句子谓语动词为shared，和express之间无连词，所以此处用非谓语，且作目的状语，所以用动词不定式。故填to express。
5．答案 a
解析 考查冠词。a collection of表示“一组”，为固定短语，所以要用冠词a。故填a。
6．答案 as
解析 考查介词。表示“被称为”用固定短语be known as，故填as。
7．答案 earlier
解析 考查副词比较级。根据Before Tianhe’s launch可知，此处描述的事情是在周四之前，所以是早于周四，要用early的比较级。故填earlier。
8．答案 encouragement
解析 考查名词。分析可知，形容词strong后修饰名词，encouragement为不可数名词，意为“鼓励”，符合题意。故填encouragement。
9．答案 who
解析 考查定语从句。分析可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词those，指人，且引导词在从句中作主语，所以用who引导。故填who。
10．答案 definitely
解析 考查副词。分析可知，空处为副词作状语，修饰系表结构，definitely意为“肯定地”，符合题意。故填definitely。Period Five Extended reading & Other parts
Learning Aims(学习目标)
1．Grasp the main idea of the passage on P25－26.(重点难点)
2．Learn the following language points：amount；desire；make sense of；shelter；while的用法；It is likely that...(重点难点)
3．Learn the following language point：make contributions to(重点)
Task 1 宏观架构 整体理解
Ⅰ.Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
Ⅱ.The main idea of the passage is the reasons for space exploration.
Task 2 微观剖析 细节把握
1．From the passage we can know that .
A．space exploration has more disadvantages than advantages
B．space exploration is a waste of money and should be banned
C．it is a short way before we can explore other planets after Neil Armstrong
D．some people underestimate the difficulty and danger of space exploration and think it is easy to explore space
答案 D
2． drives humans to explore space.
A．Excitement B．Curiosity
C．Greed D．Madness
答案 B
3．What’s the biggest reason for humanity to explore space
A．Bringing more employment for humans.
B．Providing more information technology.
C．Bringing great economic value.
D．Providing education and inspiration for the next generation.
答案 D
4．From what Stephen Hawking said we can know that .
A．humans have been tired of space exploration
B．to travel beyond space is puzzling humans
C．keeping curious is fundamental in space exploration
D．watching the stars is a free activity for humans
答案 C
5．What’s the author’s attitude to space exploration
A．Favourable. B．Negative.
C．Indifferent. D．Neutral.
答案 A
The reality is that space exploration is extremely difficult and dangerous，can take a very long time and costs a huge amount of money.(教材P25)
?amount n．数量v.总计；共计；等于
(1)“a large amount of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 “large amounts of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 (2)amount to总计为……
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①The crew in this foundation have received a large amount of/large amounts of help from people all over the world.
②A large amount of damage has been done to the city in a very short time.
③The investment to the project amounted to merely￡250,000.
[联想发散]
[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①Large amounts of waste water have (have) been poured into sea so far.
②A great deal of money was donated(donate) to the space station by the old astronomer.
③It is calculated that this fund amounts to three million.
据核算，这笔资金总共三百万。
We desire to explore the furthest frontier of all—space.(教材P25)
?desire v．渴望；期望 n．渴望；欲望；渴求
(1)desire to do sth.渴望做某事 desire sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事 desire that...(should) do sth.渴望…… (2)have a strong desire 注意：desire不用于进行时态，后接宾语从句或同位语从句时，从句中谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①We always desire to live in harmony with our neighbors.
②We desire that immediate help (should) be given to the local villagers who have been trapped in the valley.
③I had a strong desire to reach out and play with the toy，but was held back thankfully by the shop window.
我有一种强烈的渴望去拿那个玩具玩但幸亏被商店的橱窗阻挡了。
[单句语法填空/一句多译]
①I desire him to give(give)me some suggestions on improving my listening.
②It’s our desire that you should fund our program and offer us some practical suggestions.
③每个人都渴望成功，而成功只属于努力的人。
→Everyone has a desire for success while success only belongs to the hard working people.(desire n．)
→Everyone desires to succeed while success only belongs to the hard working people.(desire v．)
Try to make sense of what you see and wonder about what makes the universe exist.(教材P25)
?make sense of理解；弄懂
make no sense没道理；没意义 make sense讲得通；有意义 in a sense从某种意义上来说 in no sense决不；绝非 位于句首时，句子用部分倒装语序
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①The old astronaut scanned the poem，but could not make sense of it.
②This sentence the pupil has made doesn’t make sense.
＝This sentence the pupil has made makes no sense.
③In no sense should you lose heart；keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.
[完成句子]
①Can you make sense of what the foreigner said just now
你能理解这位外国人刚才说的话吗？
②In a sense，what touched me most was that he laid the foundation for my fluent spoken English.
从某种意义上来说，最打动我的是他为我的流利口语奠定了基础。
We should find permanent shelter that offers long term protection from radiation.(教材P27)
?shelter n．居所，住处，庇护 vt.保护，掩蔽 vi.躲避
(1)take shelter (from) 躲避(……) under the shelter of 在……的庇护下 (2)shelter from...躲避……(风雨或危险)；避难 shelter ...from...保护……以免……
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①The solution，of course，was to plant trees so the animals could seek shelter during the daytime.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
②They just want to shelter their kids from every kind of danger.
③We stopped running and took shelter/sheltered from the rain in a nearby café.
④Under the shelter of the bay there was no risk to a boat in the hands of an experienced captain.
[完成句子]
①To my delight, the baby grew up gradually under the shelter of his mom.
令我高兴的是，这个婴儿在他妈妈的庇护下逐渐长大了。
②Our parents always sheltered us from any harm when we were young.
我们小的时候，父母总是保护我们不受任何伤害。
Some people believe that while space exploration expands our understanding of the universe，it is a waste of the public purse and does nothing to enhance the quality of our lives here on the Earth.(教材P25)
?while的用法
(1)该句为复合句，while作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”。 (2)while的用法：
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①Men tend to be violent while women act in the opposite way.
②While I was working for a wedding，a pearl necklace disappeared.
③She worked in a bank for a while before studying law.
④While those seeds are expensive，the company tells farmers that they will make good profits.
[完成句子]
①While some people are motivated by a desire for success，others are motivated by a fear of failure.
当一些人被成功的渴望所驱动的时候，另一些人却被失败的恐惧所驱动。
②While walking the dog，I was careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
在遛狗的时候，我不小心松了手，结果它被一辆车撞了。
For example，liquid hydrogen is a clean alternative energy source that is used widely as rocket fuel，and it is likely that hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will be mass produced and launched in the near future.(教材P26)
?It is likely that...
(1)It is likely that...“……是可能的”，此句型可转化为Sb./Sth.be likely to do...“某人/物可能做……”。 (2)其他表示“……可能……”的句型：
[佳句赏读] 感悟句意·背诵
①It is likely that you will suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
→You are likely to suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
②It is possible for her to set a world record again.
→It is probable/possible that she will set a world record again.
[辨析比较] likely，possible，probable
likely 指从外表、迹象上进行判断，有可能发生。既可以用人也可以用物作主语。 It is likely that...或Sb./Sth.be likely to do...
possible 指客观上有可能，但往往含有希望很小的意味。不能用人作主语。 It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.或It is possible that...
probable 可能性比possible大，表示“很可能，十有八九”。不能用人作主语。 It’s probable that...，不能用于It’s probable for sb.to do sth.这一结构。
[单句语法填空/选词填空]
①Studies show that people who volunteer are less likely to develop(develop) depression than people who don’t.
②It is possible for me to change jobs，but I am not sure.
③I’m likely to be very busy tomorrow.
④It is probable/likely/possible that she will be elected as our monitor.
The results of these space investigations have made major contributions to an understanding of the origin，evolution，and likely future of the universe，such as planets，stars，and all other forms of matter and energy.(教材P25)
?make contributions to对……做出贡献
contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助 contribute to有助于；促使；导致 contribute...to...向……捐献/捐赠……
①Located where the Belt meets the Road，Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
位于“一带”和“一路”交汇处，江苏将会为“一带一路”的建设做出更大的贡献。
②Everyone is willing to contribute food and clothes to the homeless people.
每个人都愿意为无家可归的人捐献食物和衣服。
③Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make some contributions(contribute) to the class.
参加比赛对我来说是一次难得的展示我的舞蹈才能，并对班级做一些贡献的机会。
[名师点津] 表示“引起；导致；有助于”的词语还有cause，lead to，result in等。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
2．A large amount of dust on the ceiling has damaged (damage) the whole attraction of the building up to now.
3．Some people pay a constant visit to the shelter for the homeless while others seldom go there.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．I’m afraid it’ll cost a large amount of money.
我恐怕这得花费一大笔钱。
2．We contributed a lot of money to the earthquake fund last year.
去年我们向地震基金会捐赠了很多钱。
3．Do you think it is possible for a robot to have its own needs and desires
你认为机器人有可能有自己的需求和愿望吗？
4．While I am willing to help you，I do not have enough time.
尽管我愿意帮你，可是我没有足够的时间。
课时跟踪练四
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．As is known，water is made up of oxygen and hydrogen.
2．Mr Smith took all the money left out of his purse and donated it.
3．It is so incredibly cold in the Arctic that I cannot control myself.
4．The kind assistant in the shop sold some souvenirs to these mechanics.
5．It is calculated(预测) that the investment is a success and has made profit.
6．Can you tell me the origin of this famous tale(故事) at the present time
7．Their motives(动机) for moving into the valley differ from person to person.
8．I hid myself inside the cupboard in the shelter(住处)and watched intently everything outside.
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．He has invested a huge amount of money in stock market so far.
2．The mechanic not only sings；she plays the piano as well in her leisure time.
3．You had better protect yourself against the strong sunlight by wearing black glasses.
4．The crew is made up of four astronauts and five astronomers from the research agency.
5．As the youth of today，we should take advantage of every chance to achieve our goals.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．就我而言，只要你努力练习，你就有可能成为一个好选手。 (be likely to)
As far as I’m concerned，as long as you practice hard，you are likely to be a good player.
2．刚一开始，你会发现自己在适应新环境上有些困难。(find＋宾语＋宾补)
At the beginning，you will find yourself having difficulty in adapting to the new environment.
3．经过十年的努力，他的公司已发展成为一家大公司。(expand into)
His company has expanded into a big one after ten years of hard work.
4．在今天的《中国日报》上读过你们招聘秘书的广告后，我想应聘这个职位。(apply for)
After reading your advertisement for a secretary in today’s China Daily，I want to apply for the position.
5．科学家们正在探究所有可能提高粮食产量的方法。(explore)
The scientists are exploring all possible ways to improve food production.
能力提升
Ⅳ.七选五
Leaving a good impression can be done in different ways，from clothing to posture，and from talking style to body language.Below are several tips for you to begin with：
Physical appearance matters.We’re visual creatures after all.
Physical appearance is the first clue one relies on to judge who we are. 1 It also means the person means something to us by dressing properly.If it is a business setting，be aware of the dress rule or culture. 2 A thumbs up here does not mean the same elsewhere.So do the research！Details from any little areas will affect the impression on the whole.
3
A fake(假的) smile can potentially do more harm than good in our attempts to leave a good impression.It is understandable that sometimes it is hard to suddenly force a smile. 4 Remember being positive plays an important part in shaping our first impression.
Look into people’s eyes until you see the colors of their iris(虹膜)．
Keeping eye contact delivers a sense of friendship to the people we interact with.Consequently，they feel more connected to us and tend to be more positive toward the interaction. 5 Well，try to identify the color of the others’ irises.Get it？That makes a good eye contact example.
Are these the impressions we want to leave？Stop staring at the ground and look at people in the eye then!
A．What makes a quality eye contact
B．How does eye contact affect interaction
C．The requirement varies from culture to culture.
D．Then at least try not to look discouraging and angry!
E．Don’t fake a smile，or people will doubt your sincerity.
F．Always smile while interacting with others，especially with a new friend.
G．Besides，it is a way to show respect by choosing appropriate clothes for different settings.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个可以让你给别人留下好印象的方法，如穿衣打扮、身姿、说话方式、肢体语言等。
1．答案 G
解析 结合本段小标题及空后的“It also means...rule or culture.”可知，设空处的内容应该与穿着有关，G项“而且，为不同的场合选择合适的服装，是一种表示尊重的方法”与上下文衔接得当。
2．答案 C
解析 根据空后的“A thumbs up here...do the research！”可知，竖起大拇指在不同的地方表示不同的意思，因此设空处应该是在讲述文化差异。C项“不同的文化要求不同”符合语境。
3．答案 E
解析 本段主要讲述的是微笑和积极的状态可以给人留下好印象，且根据本段第一句可知，E项“不要强作欢笑，否则人们会怀疑你的真诚”符合本段语境。
4．答案 D
解析 根据空前句及空后句可知，虽然有时很难强颜欢笑，但还是要保持积极的状态，D项“然后，至少尽量不要看起来让人泄气且生气！”符合语境。
5．答案 A
解析 本段主要讲的是目光交流，与之相关的选项只有A、B两项。根据空后的“try to identify the color of the others’ irises”可知，设空处应该与如何进行目光交流有关。A项“什么促成有效的目光交流？”符合语境。
Ⅴ.完形填空
I did not remember her，but recently her email note surprised me.The email began，“We met in a subway train in Queens.” Fate had 1 us next to each other.
She 2 that she had been sad and depressed.Her sad feelings did not 3 me.I continued to talk to her about 4 and love.I gave her quote cards that she put in her bag.
At home she was 5 to find the words on the quote cards resonated(共鸣) with her present situation.She became very happy and her 6 heart wanted to see me again to thank me about the 7 she received.
She 8 me for 3 years with no 9 .She did not know I was connected to KindSpring.Last week she talked with her family and thought I might be working at KindSpring.org.In an email to KindSpring，not knowing my 10 ，she explained my face and our 11 .I was very grateful to KindSpring for going the extra mile to find my email ID and be the connecting 12 between us.
Fatemah was eager to meet me when I visited New York next year.She said my 13 changed her life.I have 14 probably over fifty thousand cards，but the one she received is 15 .
语篇解读 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者和女孩Fatemah偶然在地铁上相遇，作者的鼓励让女孩摆脱了痛苦，重获新生。多年来，心怀感恩的Fatemah一直在寻找作者。最终，两人通过邮件再次联系上了彼此的故事。
1．A.introduced B．saved
C．seated D．cheated
答案 C
解析 introduce介绍；save挽救；seat使就座；cheat欺骗。由上文可知，作者和女孩在地铁里相遇，命运让两人挨着坐在了一起。故选C。
2．A.wrote B．forgot
C．realized D．guessed
答案 A
解析 write写；forget忘记；realize意识到；guess猜测。由上文可知，作者最近收到了女孩的邮件，在邮件中，女孩描写了她那时的情绪状态。故选A。
3．A.move B．bother
C．stop D．surprise
答案 C
解析 move感动；bother打扰；stop阻止；surprise使……惊讶。由下文中的“I continued to talk to her”可知，女孩糟糕的情绪并没有阻止作者继续与其交谈。故选C。
4．A.friendship B．loss
C．sadness D．hope
答案 D
解析 friendship友谊；loss失落；sadness悲伤；hope希望。由下文中的“and love”及语境可知，作者继续和女孩谈论希望和爱(的话题)。故选D。
5．A.shocked B．excited
C．embarrassed D．puzzled
答案 A
解析 shocked震惊的；excited兴奋的；embarrassed尴尬的；puzzled困惑的。由下文可知，卡片上的文字与她当下的境况是有共鸣的，所以当女孩看到卡片上面的话语时感到很震惊。故选A。
6．A.anxious B．grateful
C．broken D．curious
答案 B
解析 anxious担忧的；grateful感激的；broken破碎的；curious好奇的。由下文可知，女孩(现在)过得很幸福，感恩的心使她想再次见到作者并向作者道谢。故选B。
7．A.lesson B．kindness
C．respect D．sympathy
答案 B
解析 lesson教训，经验；kindness善意；respect尊重；sympathy同情。由下文内容可知，女孩受到了鼓舞，重新获得了幸福，她对自己(从作者那里)获得的善意深表感谢。故选B。
8．A.turned down B．relied on
C．passed over D．searched for
答案 D
解析 turn down拒绝；rely on依赖；pass over避免提及(或考虑)；search for寻找。由下文及语境可推知，她这几年一直都在寻找作者。故选D。
9．A.complaints B．excuses
C．results D．regrets
答案 C
解析 complaint抱怨；excuse借口；result结果；regret遗憾。由下文可知，这三年以来，女孩一直都在寻找作者，但是一直没有找到。故选C。
10．A.colleagues B．name
C．boss D．appearance
答案 B
解析 colleague同事；name名字；boss老板；appearance外貌。由下文及语境可推知，女孩不知道作者的名字。故选B。
11．A.promise B．appointment
C．meeting D．misunderstanding
答案 C
解析 promise许诺；appointment约定；meeting见面；misunderstanding误会。由语境可知，女孩通过描述作者的相貌和他们见面时的情景，让别人知道她要寻找的人是谁。故选C。
12．A.bridge B．barrier
C．person D．way
答案 A
解析 bridge桥梁；barrier障碍；person人；way方式。由上文可知，KindSpring帮助女孩找到了作者，它成了他们之间得以再次见面的桥梁。故选A。
13．A.visit B．talk
C．email D．work
答案 B
解析 visit参观，拜访；talk交谈；email邮件；work工作。由上文中的“talk to her”可知，作者与女孩的那次交谈改变了女孩的一生。故选B。
14．A.paid for B．sold out
C．used up D．given away
答案 D
解析 pay for付款；sell out售罄；use up用完；give away赠送。由语境可知，作者共赠送出5万多张卡片。故选D。
15．A.well kept B．specially made
C．worthless D．priceless
答案 D
解析 well kept保存得好的；specially made特别制作的；worthless不值钱的；priceless无价的，极其珍贵的。由上文语境可知，作者与女孩的那次交谈对女孩的影响很大，所以说作者分发给女孩的那张卡片(对女孩来说)是很珍贵的。故选D。
Ⅵ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Now，parents and students separate into two groups.You will be reunited at the end of the campus tour.”
Groups of incoming freshmen happily left their parents upon hearing this announcement.I was less than thrilled about starting college，let alone leaving my mother’s side to tour the campus with other freshmen；I felt a little anxious.
We followed the senior tour guide.The other freshmen chatted and made casual introductions as I dragged behind.How could I have believed I was ready for this？After all，it had only been a few months since I left the hospital.I was feeling better for the first time in years.But college...
My thinking was interrupted by a sweet female voice，“Hi，I’m Jennifer.” “I’m Lauren，”I replied.“Where do you prefer to live？At home or on campus？”she smiled.“I’m not sure，”I said.“You should live on campus！It will be a lot of fun！” she said.Before I could reply，the tour guide announced it was time to create our schedules and select the courses we wanted to take.
We crowded into the Student Activity Center.Three seniors handed out thick course bulletins(课程公告)and forms that needed to be filled out.All around me，the sounds of turning papers and writing sounded like those given by an alarm clock.Others seemed to be moving through the process quickly but I hadn’t even opened my course catalog(目录)．
“Focus，”I told myself.“Just read through the catalog and find the courses you like and a schedule that works.” Psychology A or B，Geology 101，English，History，sections 1,2,3...The list went on and on.
I panicked and almost started to cry.How was I supposed to know how to complete it？I was just relearning how to live in the real world，and they wanted me to make a schedule.How I wished someone could help me.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
Soon，other freshmen were handing in their forms.
Then，I felt a warm hand on my shoulder.
参考范文
Soon，other freshmen were handing in their forms.Many of them rushed out to meet their parents.I couldn’t breathe and was feeling anxious.My head was pounding.Moments later，I was crying.And several students started to stare at me.One of the seniors in charge walked over to my table.“What’s the matter？” she asked impatiently.“I...I can’t do this！” I said.“All you have to do is make your schedule，just like everybody else，” she said，clearly annoyed.
Then，I felt a warm hand on my shoulder.I looked back and found Jennifer standing behind me.“Everythingis alright，” she told the senior.“I’ll help her.” The senior walked away.“What’s wrong，sweetie？” Jennifer asked.Hearing Jennifer’s kind words，I cried even harder，saying，“It’s just too much！” Then Jennifer put her
arm around me and said，“Let me instruct you.” She then guided me through the process step by step until I completed my schedule.Later，when saying goodbye，we made a promise to keep in touch.
