译林版（2019）选择性必修 第二册 Unit 3　Fit for life（学案 5份打包）

Period Five　Extended reading & Other parts
Learning Aims(学习目标)
1．Grasp the main idea of the passage on P39－40.(重点难点)
2．Learn the following language points：adjust，date back to，switch，anxiety.(重点难点)
3．Learn the following language points：disturb，evidence，abuse.(重点)
Task 1　宏观架构　整体理解
Ⅰ.Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
Ⅱ.The main idea of the passage is the detailed introduction to a traditional Chinese medical treatment—acupuncture.
Task 2　微观剖析　细节把握
1．In what ways did acupuncture develop over time
A．There are changes in material.
B．There are changes in shape.
C．There are changes in use.
D．There are changes in many aspects，including material and shape.
答案　D
2．Why should the acupuncturist check the pulse on each wrist
A．To find out which pulse is stronger.
B．To find out which pulse is connected with a major body organ.
C．To find out more questions about the pulse.
D．To figure out which energy channel is weak.
答案　D
3．What does “it” in Paragraph 6 refer to
A．Theory. B．Acupuncturist.
C．Acupuncture. D．Agreement.
答案　C
4．What’s the main purpose of the passage
A．To present a study result about acupuncture.
B．To introduce an art of “magic needles”．
C．To explain a way to treat patients.
D．To propose new means to treat patients.
答案　B
5．Where is the passage most likely from
A．A magazine. B．A guidebook.
C．A novel. D．A diary.
答案　A
The school has adjusted all the lights to make sure the classrooms are well lit.(教材P37)
?adjust vt.& vi.调整，调节；适应；习惯；整理
(1)adjust sth.(to sth.) 调整；调节 adjust to (doing) sth.适应(做)某事；习惯(做)某事 adjust oneself to sth.适应…… (2)adjustment n．调整；适应 make adjustments to对……做出调整 (3)adjustable adj.可调整的；可调节的
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①Watch out for sharp bends and adjust your speed accordingly.
②All this makes it harder to adjust to the new and difficult reality we face.
③The purpose of education is to teach humans how to adjust themselves to the environment and find the best solutions to the problems.
④Our school will make some adjustments to some after-class activities to keep pace with the times.
[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①It took her a while to adjust to living(live) alone.
②They should either monitor their websites better or adjust their websites to the needs of younger users.
③He will have to make major adjustments to his thinking if he is to survive in the office.
他要想继续任职的话，就得对他的思维方式做大的调整。
There is evidence that acupuncture dates back to the Stone Age，when stone tools called bian were used to press areas of the body.(教材P39)
?date back to追溯到，始于，自……至今
(1)date from ＝date back to＝trace back to 追溯到，始于，自……至今 (2)date n．日期；年代；约会 set/fix a date for确定……的日期 have a date with sb.与某人有个约会 out of date过时的；陈旧的
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①Chinese painting can date back to Chinese Stone Age’s pottery.
②But we’d better set/fix a date and have him over to express our gratitude.
③We missed the train，because we used an out-of-date timetable，which we realized afterwards.
④What I want to tell you is that Tom will have a date with Alice，so I’m not going.
[单句语法填空/单句写作]
①It appeared on some of the first postcards，and was the subject(主体) of a couple of the earliest photos，dating(date) all the way back to the 1800s.
②The attraction of the cloisters museum and gardens lies in the fact that its collections date from the middle ages.
③人们认为中国书法可以至少追溯到汉代。
It is believed that Chinese Calligraphy dates back to at least the Han Dynasty.
Some acupuncturists today still use gold and silver needles，but the majority have now switched to stainless steel ones.(教材P39)
?switch vi.& vt.转变；交换；调班 n．开关，闸；转变，改变
(1)switch from...to...改变，转变 switch...with交换，调换 switch on打开 switch off关上 (2)light switch灯开关；照明开关
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①He switched the conversation from one subject to another.
②Instead，for most people，it switches on and off like a light switch.
③We asked them if they would switch places with us.
④Thankfully，I’ve learned to switch off and let it go over my head.
谢天谢地，我已经学会了不再烦恼，把它抛到脑后。
[单句语法填空/句型转换]
①Have you ever forgotten to switch(switch) off the TV or computer
②We can’t stop global warming just by being good in the future.We have to start being good now.
→We can’t switch off global warming just by being good in the future.We have to start being good now.
And it has been used to treat more than just physical problems—acupuncturists have discovered that the treatment helps with mental problems like depression and anxiety too.(教材P40)
?anxiety n．焦虑；担心；渴望
(1)one’s anxiety about/over sth.焦虑某事；忧虑某事 one’s anxiety to do sth./anxiety for doing sth.渴望做某事 (2)anxious adj.焦虑的，忧虑的 be anxious about/be anxious for忧虑，担心 (3)anxiously adv.忧虑地；不安地
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①Poetry written from the perspective of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.
从城市青年的角度写出的诗往往流露出了他们对归属感缺失的焦虑。
②It is our anxiety for being successful that supports us to overcome all kinds of difficulties.
③Tom’s anxiety to succeed motivates him to work hard.
④Without doubt，parents are anxious for the welfare of their children.
[单句语法填空]
①Anxiously(anxious) I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain.
②As children grew，they became more anxious(anxious) to get more public approval.
③Millions of jobless Americans might be suffering in anxiety(anxious) and lacking a sense of security.
The figures disturb the school authorities，who have decided to tackle this problem head-on.(教材P37)
?disturb vt.打扰；搅乱；使不安
(1)disturb sb.打扰某人；使某人焦虑不安 (2)disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的
①People should not do things that will disturb their neighbours.
人们不应该做打扰邻居的事情。
②We crept around on tiptoes so as not to disturb our chemist.
我们蹑手蹑脚地在周围走动，以免惊动我们的化学家。
③Too often children are witness to a disturbing amount of violence.
孩子们经常会目睹暴力事件，其数量之多令人不安。
There is evidence that acupuncture dates back to the Stone Age，when stone tools called bian were used to press areas of the body.(教材P39)
?evidence n．证据，证明；物证，人证 vt.证明，表明
(1)evident adj.明显的；清楚的 It is evident that...很明显…… (2)evidently adv.明显地
①There is convincing evidence of a link between exposure to sun and skin cancer.
有可靠证据表明日光曝晒与皮肤癌之间有联系。
②Gradually，we found further scientific evidence for this theory.
我们逐渐找到了进一步的证实这种理论的科学根据。
③It was evident that his remarks were very hurtful，which broke her heart.
显然，他的话很伤人，伤透了她的心。
④Quite evidently，it has nothing to do with social background.
很显然这与社会背景没有任何关系。
Acupuncture has also been applied to treat people who abuse alcohol，tobacco or drugs.(教材P40)
?abuse vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂 n．滥用；虐待；辱骂
[写出下面句子中abuse的词性及汉语意义]
①He abused alcohol and tobacco，so he was physically unhealthy.vt.滥用
②Mary has a difficult life and is often abused by her stepmother.vt.虐待
③His parents often criticize and abuse him with sharp words.vt.辱骂
④To our shock，the person of high rank suffered a lot from drug abuse.n.滥用
abuse alcohol 酗酒 abuse one’s authority滥用职权
⑤Depressed teens may abuse alcohol or other drugs as a way to feel better.
抑郁症青少年可能滥用酒精或其他药物作为一种使自己感觉好一点的方法。
⑥They should never be allowed to abuse their authority and position.
绝不允许他们滥用职权。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．With so much evidence(evident) against him he had to acknowledge his error.
2．Most disturbing(disturb) of all was our discovery of the population explosion.
3．If the clinic is equipped with adjustable(adjust) chair，it will be more convenient for the dentists.
4．The dictionary is out of date：many words have been added to the language since it was published.
5．By simply turning on the light in the room you could also switch on your Internet connection.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The investigation reveals that most of the Great Wall dates back to the Ming Dynasty.
调查表明，大部分的长城可追溯到明朝。
2．Daddy was trembling with anxiety at the news of grandpa’s sickness.
得知爷爷生病的消息，爸爸焦虑地发抖。
3．The parents suggested sleeping in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.
父母建议旅行期间住宾馆，但孩子们渴望露营。
4．Some people hold the wrong idea that donating blood does harm to the donor’s health, but the truth is that when a small amount of blood is taken out, the body will make a quick adjustment.
有人错误地认为献血对捐献者的健康有害，但事实上，当取出少量血液时，身体会迅速进行调整。
课时跟踪练四
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections(感染)．
2．It is good manners not to disturb others when they are occupied with their work.
3．I always hear the moving songs of TFBOYS whenever I switch on the radio.
4．Children，especially disabled children，normally feel a lot of anxiety(焦虑) about their first day at school.
5．I think smokers should devote much more time to adjusting to the new environment without tobaccos.
6．What the agent says contradicts with the facts.We have to find more evidence(证据)．
7．The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a symbol(象征) of courage and power.
Ⅱ.选词填空
date back to；be grateful to sb.；take the place of；switch to；be connected with；apply...to...；be recognized as
1．I am/was grateful to Anna for helping me get out of the state of anxiety.
2．We have to apply the same rules to everyone，showing no favour.
3．Environmental problems are closely connected with a lack of awareness.
4．With the development of science and technology，we have switched to telephone banking.
5．Do you think it is possible that robots will take the place of the workers in the steel industries in the future
6．Dujiangyan，pearl of the Minjiang River，dating back to Qin Dynasty，is the oldest and only remaining irrigation(灌溉) system in the world.
7．The Notting Hill Carnival，which starts on Aug.28 and ends on Aug.29，is recognized as the largest street party in Europe.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．他担心正在美国旅行的儿子的安全。(be anxious about)
He was anxious about the safety of his son，who was travelling in America.
2．他过了一段时间才适应独自一人在农村的生活(adjust to)
It took him a while to adjust himself to living in the countryside on his own.
3．市长因滥用职权而被捕。(abuse)
The mayor was arrested for having abused his power.
4．已经有很多证据表明世界气候正在变暖。(evidence)
There has been a lot of evidence that the world’s climate is getting warmer.
5．每间教室都配有电脑，通过电脑我们可以在不同的网站上查找信息。(be equipped with)
Every classroom is equipped with a computer，through which we can look up the information on different websites.
能力提升
Ⅳ.七选五
We all know about the health benefits of swimming.It offers a great workout for the body—it builds endurance，muscle strength and cardiovascular fitness.If you don’t mind getting wet，it can be fun too. 1 Well，many people are fond of it，based on evidence that it can actually be good for us.
Cold-water swimming—sometimes called wild swimming—involves swimming in natural areas including ponds，rivers and the sea.Jumping in gives a short sharp shock to the body， 2 A cold dip might wake you up，but research has found it can have much bigger benefits than that for your body and mind.As well as being good exercise，spending time outdoors and by water improves well-being.
3 One man who suffered constant pain after surgery claimed he was cured by taking a plunge in cold open water.And another swimmer，Sandria Simons，told the BBC “the immersion of your body in cold，salt water，just feeling like you’re at one with nature if you like，just feels amazing.”
But what is it that people are gaining from this chilly experience？Doctors say getting into cold water arouses a stress response，but the more you do it，your reaction to stress is reduced.It’s also thought to have a strong anti-inflammatory(抗炎的) effect.But there are bigger benefits to this stress-reducing exercise.Some experts believe cold-water swimming helps “cross-adaptation”，where one form of stress prepares the body for another. 4
So，if you’re convinced that this is for you，take advice：approach it with caution，swim with a friend，and maybe start in the summer， 5
A．but many participants say they get used to it.
B．when the water temperatures are higher!
C．Swimming is a good form of exercise，in part because it is fun.
D．But who would enjoy swimming in water that’s ice cold
E．Cold weather limits the months when ocean or lake swimming is possible.
F．There is much evidence suggesting cold-water swimming’s benefits.
G．For example，it also helps reduce the stress of exercising at high altitude.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在冷水中游泳对人体有好处，并进行了举例说明，同时介绍了一些在冷水中游泳需要注意的事项。
1．答案　D
解析　根据上文以及后文可知，本句是在说明谁会喜欢游泳的问题。故D项“但是谁会喜欢在冰冷的水里游泳呢？”符合语境，故选D。
2．答案　A
解析　上文提到跳进野外的冷水中游泳，本句应承接上文说明参与这项活动的人对此的看法。故A项“但是很多参与者说他们已经习惯了”符合语境，故选A。
3．答案　F
解析　根据后文可知，手术后通过冷水游泳痊愈的人和游泳运动员的说法表明，冷水游泳对人体是有好处的。故F项“有很多证据表明冷水游泳的好处”符合语境，故选F。
4．答案　G
解析　上文提到了冷水游泳可以让身体为另一种形式的压力做好准备，本句为本段最后一句，应举例说明这种作用的具体体现。故G项“例如，它也有助于减少在高海拔运动的压力”符合语境，故选G。
5．答案　B
解析　上文提到在夏天开始的时候进行冷水游泳，本句应承接上文说明原因：这时水温较高。故B选项“当水温较高的时候！”符合语境，故选B。
Ⅴ.完形填空
Not so long ago，a terrible fire broke out in an apartment in the city of Pitesti，just west of Bucharest.In no time， 1 were welcomed by 5-meter-tall flames and roaring smoke.However，using their advanced equipment，they quickly brought the beast under 2 .
The apartment’s owner Mr Petri and his lovely dog，Sandy，were the 3 of the big fire.Local firefighting hero，Costache Mugurel 4 his way through the cruel flames to rescue the man and his pet.Mr Petri，seriously injured in the fire，was rushed to hospital.Sandy fell over 5 breathing in too much smoke and lifelessly lay on the roadside.
Mugurel，remembering his CPR training，passionately 6 the chest of the dog，desperately trying to 7 his life.And he began to lose hope after many attempts.He was physically and mentally 8 .Finally he performed mouth-to-mouth on the dog，screaming，“Nobody gets left behind！” Unexpectedly the dog 9 himself and began panting(喘气)．The onlooking crowd cheered and Mugurel began to weep with 10 .He hurriedly carried him to the awaiting vet(兽医)．
Like 11 ，the story of Mugurel and his newfound friend spread around the city.His Facebook was 12 words of gratitude，loving emoticons(表情符号) and notes from friends and fans alike.
According to vet experts，recovering animals via CPR is rather 13 .The American Heart Association calculates that only less than 6 percent of cats and dogs survive if they 14 heart attacks.
There have been many stories related to dogs in Pitesti，but none have caught the 15 of the population quite like Sandy’s.
语篇解读　皮特什蒂发生了一次大火灾，在这次火灾中房主和他的宠物狗桑迪受了伤，消防员穆古雷尔对昏迷的桑迪进行了心脏按压、人工呼吸，最终把它从死亡的边缘救回。这件事情感动了无数人。
1．A.firefighters B．policemen
C．friends D．neighbors
答案　A
解析　根据下文的“using their advanced equipment，they quickly brought the beast under ”可知，他们利用先进的设备很快把火势控制住了。由此可知，此处指消防员(firefighters)，故选A项。
2．A.treatment B．control
C．stress D．way
答案　B
解析　此处指消防员利用先进的设备将火势控制住了。under control是固定搭配，意为“得到控制”，符合语境。故选B项。
3．A.causes B．results
C．victims D．heroes
答案　C
解析　根据下文的“injured in the fire”可知，房主在大火中受了重伤，故他和他的宠物狗是这场大火的受害者(victims)。故选C项。
4．A.battled B．lost
C．pushed D．got
答案　A
解析　根据设空后的“cruel flames”可知，火势凶猛，因此消防员是冒着极大的危险冲进火海的。battle one’s way一路奋战；lose one’s way迷路；push one’s way挤过去；get one’s way为所欲为。故选A项。
5．A.after B．before
C．in spite of D．in case of
答案　A
解析　“fell over”发生在“breathing in too much smoke”之后，即吸入了太多的浓烟之后倒地。after意为“在……之后”，符合语境。故选A项。
6．A.patted B．beat
C．examined D．touched
答案　B
解析　根据“remembering his CPR training”可知，他要给宠物狗做心脏复苏，因此要拍打(beat)它的胸部。故选B项。
7．A.care about B．take away
C．save D．stop
答案　C
解析　根据下文中提到的消防员为了抢救宠物狗而对它进行人工呼吸可知，消防员迫切地要抢救宠物狗的生命。care about关心；take away拿走；save挽救；stop停止。故选C项。
8．A.relaxed B．exhausted
C．concerned D．troubled
答案　B
解析　多次尝试之后，他身心俱疲(exhausted)。relaxed放松的；exhausted疲惫的；concerned关心的；troubled忧虑的，苦恼的。故选B项。
9．A.came up B．came over
C．came out D．came to
答案　D
解析　根据设空后的“began panting(喘气)”可知，宠物狗此时苏醒过来了。come up走近，被提到，被想起；come over来访，拜访；come out泄露，发行；come to oneself(昏迷后)醒来，恢复知觉。故选D项。
10．A.joy B．pity
C．stress D．fright
答案　A
解析　经过多次尝试，宠物狗终于醒过来了，人们欢呼雀跃，消防员应该是喜极而泣。故选A项。
11．A.wildfire B．wind
C．disasters D．sounds
答案　A
解析　消防员和宠物狗的故事很快传遍了全城，就像野火一样。spread like wildfire为固定短语，意为“像野火般蔓延；迅速传开”。因此，A项最符合语境。
12．A.informed of B．linked with
C．reminded of D．flooded with
答案　D
解析　根据设空后的“words of gratitude，loving emoticons(表情符号) and notes from friends and fans alike”可知，这件事传遍全城后，穆古雷尔的脸书网上满是(flooded with)感激的话语、可爱的表情符号和朋友及粉丝的留言。故选D项。
13．A.common B．rare
C．practical D．easy
答案　B
解析　根据兽医说的话，这只宠物狗能通过心肺复苏术活下来应该是比较少见的(rare)，因为据统计只有不到6%的宠物狗或猫在突发心脏病之后能活下来。故选B项。
14．A.cure B．avoid
C．miss D．suffer
答案　D
解析　参考上题解析。cure治愈；avoid避免；miss错过；suffer患(病)。根据语境可知选D项。
15．A.attention B．meaning
C．breath D．heart
答案　A
解析　上文提到了消防员和宠物狗的故事迅速传遍了全城，由此可知，这个故事成功吸引了公众的注意力。catch the attention of sb.是固定搭配，意为“吸引某人的注意力”。故选A项。
Ⅵ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Holidays are not necessarily for fun or rest.Doing something meaningful can also gain special pleasure.When the final bell rang，the students were reminded that there was no school on Monday—the Labor Day.“Enjoy your extra day off，” said the teacher to her class.
An extra day of fun suited Kayla just fine.She loved breaks.She wanted to go out to play with her friends.When the school bus dropped Kayla off，she ran into the house happily.
“How was school，Kayla？” asked her mom.
“It was great，Mom.I am excited about no school on Monday.”
“You just started back to school two weeks ago.Already in need of a break，huh？” asked Kayla’s mom with a laugh.
Kayla slept in the next morning.Saturday was her favorite day of the week.It rained most of the day，so Kayla enjoyed playing video games inside.On Sunday，her friends came over and they played basketball for several hours.
Then it was Labor Day，you know，the extra day off that Kayla was so looking forward to.But Kayla was awakened early that morning by her dad.He told Kayla that in honor of Labor Day，the family would be cleaning both inside and outside the house.Kayla couldn’t believe it.This was a holiday.A day when she was supposed to be enjoying freshly squeezed lemonade while playing in her tree house.As Kayla wiped her eyes，she began to wonder if this was just a bad dream.
“Kayla，your breakfast is ready.We have a lot of work to do today.Let’s get a move on，” said Kayla’s mom.As she sat down at the kitchen table，Kayla asked her parents，“Are you serious about working today？Isn’t Labor Day a holiday？”
“Yes，Kayla.It is，” replied her dad.“But your mom and I thought working hard today would make you appreciate why Labor Day was observed in the first place.”
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
At first，Kayla felt disappointed at her parents’ plan for the holiday.
But things began to change as she was doing the chores.
参考范文
At first，Kayla felt disappointed at her parents’ plan for the holiday.How eagerly she wanted to go out to play with her friends! She was against the annoying plan from the bottom of her heart，but she had no choice.First，Kayla was arranged to wash the breakfast dishes.After that，she was asked to give their puppy a bath.She knew it was a hard task，which needed a lot of tiring，careful and patient work.She has begun the work with great unwillingness.
But things began to change as she was doing the chores.Brushing the puppy，she found it was a lot of fun with so many soap bubbles.Then it was on to yard work where Kayla helped to pick up sticks.She pretended the small sticks were basketballs，and shot them into a large trash can.So the work was done with great pleasure.Kayla felt proud to see how much better the yard looked.When she finished her meaningful chores，Kayla enjoyed relaxing in her tree house.The lemonade tasted wonderful after a day of hard work.Period Two　Welcome to the unit & Reading
—Language points
Learning Aims(学习目标)
1．Learn the following words and structures：affect；identify；prohibit；resistance；as引导的从句．(重点难点)
2．Learn the following words and structures：means，arise，debate，doubt.(重点)
It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases.(教材P30)
?affect v．影响；侵袭，使感染；深深打动
(1)be affected by 被……打动 (2)affection n．喜爱，感情；影响；感染 have a great affection for非常喜欢…… gain/win sb.’s affection得到某人的喜爱
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①The contract will affect our national fame in the world.
②I was deeply affected and motivated by the surgeon’s kindness.
③These viruses affect children and are highly infectious.
④I have always had a great affection for my father.
⑤I remember this extraordinary man who gains/wins my affection for his unfailing cheerfulness.
我记得这个与众不同的人，他总是一副乐呵呵的样子，让我特别有好感。
[单句语法填空/单句写作]
①Recently，these actions have affected(affect) the ecological balance.
②My mother had a great affection for the poem when she retired.
③他们会受到某些体内化学物质的影响。
They are affected by certain body chemicals.
④我依然对母校怀有深深的喜爱之情。
I still have a great affection for my old school.
Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases，as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.(教材P30)
?identify vt.找到，发现；确认，认出；显示，说明身份
(1)identify...as...确认，证明……；鉴别出…… identify with sb./sth.认同……；与……有同感 (2)identification n．鉴定，识别；认同；身份证明 identification card身份证(identity card)；标识卡
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①A special baggage check or tag is attached to the baggage to identify it.
行李箱贴上专门的行李托管证或者标签予以识别。
②The company specializes in radio frequency automatic identification card technology research，development and applications.
这家公司专业从事射频卡自动识别技术的研究、开发和应用。
③They constructed what we now identify as the royal palace，the palace of the king.
④I didn’t enjoy the book because I couldn’t identify with any of the main characters.
[单句语法填空/单句写作]
①After sharing the story online，I heard from someone，who identified the lady as Erin Smith.
②To one group，he was identified(identify) as African-American，and another was told he was Black.
③他认同书中的故事。
He identified with the story in the book.
④在登机之前，我们被要求出示身份证。
We were asked to show our identification card before boarding the plane.
?relate vt.& vi.联系，使有联系；叙述，讲述
(1)relate to涉及，与……相关 relate A to B把A和B联系起来 be related to与……有关/有联系 relate sth.to sb.给某人讲某事 (2)relation n．关系；联系；亲戚 (3)relative n．亲属，亲戚adj.相对的，相关的
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①There are many excellent exhibitions in Wang Xizhi Park，most of which are related to traditional Chinese culture.
②The chief editor related the facts of the case to journalists at the meeting.
③The well-known writer relates her childhood experiences in the first chapter in her novel.
[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①We are committed to improving relations(relate) with all countries in the world.
②Considering the failure of the previous plan，this turned out to be a relative(relate) success.
③It is required that the composition (should) be related(relate) to the students’ life.
④The play is related to a love story which took place a long time ago.(2020·全国Ⅲ，书面表达)
这个剧本和一个久远的爱情故事有关。
Should we prohibit geneticists from using it to enhance healthy bodies？(教材P31)
?prohibit vt.阻止，禁止
(1)prohibit doing sth.禁止做某事，阻止做某事 prohibit sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事，禁止某人做某事 (2)prohibition n．禁止；禁令
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①I hope the government will prohibit the sale of tobacco someday.
②The law prohibits selling alcohol to people under 18.
③The law prohibits people under 18 from purchasing alcohol.
④As far as I’m concerned，this is a breaking point(突破点) in study of prohibition order.
[完成句子]
①The prohibition order meant that the book could not be sold in this country.
这道禁令意味着该书不能在这个国家出售。
②They prohibit publishing the articles with advertisement character.
他们禁止发表带有广告性质的文章。
One day soon we will be able to use genome editing to increase the human resistance to colds and flus，to make people taller，to help their muscles develop faster，to sharpen all of their senses or to make them more intelligent.(教材P31)
?resistance n．抵抗；反抗；抵抗力
(1)drug resistance 抗药性，耐药性 (2)resist vi.& vt.抵抗，抗拒；忍耐 resist doing sth.抵制做某事；反对做某事 resist the temptation抵制诱惑
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①The finding should lead to new strategies to fight drug resistance.
②Ultimately，they find these kinds of things extremely boring，and they will resist doing them.
③Unable to resist the temptation，many children turn their attention from printed texts to the less challenging，more vivid moving pictures.
许多孩子无法抵抗诱惑，将注意力从印刷文本转移到难度较小、但更生动的动画上。
[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①Nowadays，teenagers who have great pressure may find it difficult to resist(resist) peer pressure(同龄人的压力)．
②The bank strongly resist cutting(cut) interest rates(降低利率)，while the public hold the opposite attitude.
③Such misuse of medicines can lead to drug resistance，so we should take some measures to prevent this from happening.
这样滥用药物会导致抗药性，因此我们应该采取一些措施避免此类事情的发生。
④Although he was short of money，he couldn’t resist purchasing these books.
尽管资金不足，但他忍不住买这些书。
As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace，however，questions arise about how to use it appropriately.(教材P31)
?as引导的从句
as主要有两种词性，分别为介词和连词。as作为介词时，用法和语义较单一，其含义为“作为”。但是as作为连词词性时，其用法和功能较多，可以引导各类从句，如定语从句和多种状语从句。 (1)as引导时间状语从句多用于口语，强调“同一时间”或“一先一后”，有时还有“随着”的含义。 (2)as表示“因为”，引导原因状语从句，与 because相比，较口语化，所表达的原因语气较弱，所表达的原因比较明显，或是已知的事实。 (3)as表示“按照”“以……方式”“像……一样”“正如”，引导方式状语从句。 (4)as表示“尽管”“虽然”，引导让步状语从句，但必须构成倒装。 (5)as引导比较状语从句，其基本结构是as...as...。 (6)as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如”“正像”。常用于固定搭配中： as is often the case(这是常有的事)；as we expected(不出所料)；as is known to all/as we all know(众所周知)；as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)等。
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①As time goes on，he will understand what I said.(时间状语从句)
②Any new source of energy will be very welcome，as there is already a shortage of petroleum.(原因状语从句)
③Do as the Romans do when in Rome.(方式状语从句)
④Child as he is，he knows to give others a helping hand.(让步状语从句)
[句型转换/单句写作]
①With our society growing older，we need the contributions of our older citizens.
→As our society grows older，we need the contributions of our older citizens.
②Although it was raining heavily outside，they started out very early.
→Heavily as it was raining outside，they started out very early.
③It is known to all that a good learning environment is vital if we want to study English well.
→As we all know，a good learning environment is vital if we want to study English well.
④当我在公交站点等车的时候，我偶遇了老朋友们。
As I waited at a bus stop，I ran into/came across my old friends.
Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases，as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.(教材P30)
?means n．(单复数同形)手段；方法
a means of一种……方式 by all means尽一切办法；当然；务必 by means of借助；依靠 by no means绝不，一点也不
①Watching films is regarded as a good means of entertainment.
看电影被视为是一种很好的娱乐方式。
②He has got both corresponding education and talents and is by all means equal to this job.
他既接受过相应的教育又有天赋，当然可以胜任这份工作。
③By means of modern technology we are able to communicate with each other instantly.
通过现代技术，我们可以相互即时通信。
④There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped，but the languages they speak are by no means primitive.
有许多人的文化水平不高，但他们说的语言绝不是原始的。
As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace，however，questions arise about how to use it appropriately.(教材P31)
?arise vi.(arose，arisen)出现；发生；上升；起立；起身；由(……)引起，(因……)产生
(1)arise from 由……引起，产生 arise out of由……而引起，产生于 (2)raise vt.举起；提高；增加 raise one’s awareness of...提升某人的……意识 (3)rise vi.上升，增长
①In a good marriage，both husband and wife work hard to tackle any problems that arise.
在一桩美满的婚姻中，夫妻双方共同致力于解决出现的任何问题。
②Emotional problems can arise from a physical cause，so it is very important to stay physically healthy.
身体不适可引起情绪问题，所以保持身体健康很重要。
③Many people participated in the campaign which aims to raise awareness of the dangers of passive smoking.
很多人参加了这项运动，它旨在使人们意识到被动吸烟的危害。
There is still much to be explored and debated on the subject of genome editing.(教材P31)
?debate v．讨论；辩论；反复思考
(1)debate with sb.与某人讨论…… debate＋wh-...讨论…… (2)debate n．讨论；辩论；争论 under debate在讨论中；在辩论中
①During group study，students listen to their fellow students’ opinions and debate with them if there is a disagreement.
在小组学习中，学生们互相听取建议，就不同意见进行辩论。
②Americans debate whether it should be lowered，or whether young drinkers would only drink more.
美国人争论它是否该被降低，或者年轻的喝酒者是否只会喝得更多。
③There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes.One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.
当前许多高校和研究机构关于教育问题存在着大量争论，其中一个问题就是教育是否是个终身学习的过程。
Without doubt，genome editing is one of the greatest innovations in the history of science.(教材P31)
?doubt n．怀疑；疑问；疑惑
(1)in doubt 不确定，拿不准 There is no doubt that...毫无疑问…… (2)doubt v．怀疑；不信；恐怕；拿不准 doubt about...怀疑…… doubt whether/if...怀疑是否…… (3)doubtful adj.怀疑的；难以预测的
①There is no doubt that in the Internet era，one must get a good command of computer skills to be successful in getting a good job.
毫无疑问，互联网时代，人们必须掌握良好的计算机技能才能获得一份好工作。
②He rose to his feet in a fury to leave no doubt about where he stood on the issue.
他怒不可遏地站起身来，这就清楚地表明了他在这个问题上的立场。
③People doubt whether/if he can win the election for the president.
人们怀疑他是否能赢得总统的选举。
④The cause of the accident is still in doubt.
事故的起因仍然不确定。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful(doubt)．
2．In many cases，the clothes people wear identify them as belonging to a particular social class.
3．Hurrying to send my 11-year-old daughter to school，I made a right turn at a red light where it was prohibited(prohibit)．
4．He can’t resist eating(eat) fried food even though he knows it is harmful to his health.
5．We call on the people related(relate) to the case to handle the tough problem by joint efforts.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The south of the country was affected by the drought，which raised a great concern.
该国南部受到干旱的影响，这引起了极大的关注。
2．Punishment is by no means a wise choice to help students grow up mentally and physically.
惩罚绝对不是帮助学生身心成长的明智选择。
3．Recently，a number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago.
最近，在一年前一无所有的地方建起了许多高楼。
4．My friends and I sometimes debate whether or not there is life on the planet.
我和朋友们有时会争论这个星球上是否有生命。
5．(应用文写作之传统文化)As is often the case，many idioms are related to food.
这是常见的情况，很多习语和食物有关。
课时跟踪练二　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．In this box are some stem cells(细胞) that are urgently needed by a patient.
2．I’d like to make an appointment with the dentist to have my bad teeth pulled out.
3．You cannot legally take possession of the property until the contract is signed.
4．All the findings had proved that the virus(病毒) was not directly linked to the bats.
5．The girl deleted(删除) some important information by mistake the other day.
6．There is a heated debate over whether humans’ lifespan is determined by genes.
7．It is universally acknowledged that it is illegal to restrict(限制) people’s freedom.
8．He spends too much time on maths，and this，without doubt，affects(影响) the progress of his other subjects.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The chemist is very strict with himself and will always put everything in the lab in place.
2．We can say，without doubt，that such diseases as cancer will be cured one day.
3．By no means will we sign contracts with companies which are dishonest.
4．Almost all companies in that building prohibit sleeping(sleep) on the job，even during breaks.
5．At break，Mr.Green got down to dealing with the matters arising(arise) from his company.
6．The doctor said that their baby was abnormal(normal)，which made the couple very worried.
7．The resistance(resist) to vaccine(疫苗) has continued for decades，and it is driven by a real but very small risk.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．尽管他很忙，他还是来车站接我们。(despite the fact that...)
Despite the fact that he was busy，he came to the station to pick us up.
2．吸毒不仅影响一个人的健康，而且影响我们的社会。(affect)
Taking drugs affects not only one’s health but also our society.
3．学生们有时通过做兼职工作来养活自己。(by means of)
Students sometimes support themselves by means of doing part-time jobs.
4．出于安全考虑，我们必须禁止游客在公园里投喂动物。(prohibit)
Considering the safety，we must prohibit visitors from feeding the animals in the park.
5．孩子们每次看电视的时间应限制在30分钟以内。(restrict)
The children should be restricted to watching TV for less than 30 minutes every/each time.
能力提升
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Do you want to live another 100 years or more？Some experts say that scientific advances will one day enable humans to last tens of years beyond what is now seen as the natural limit of the human life span.
“I think we are knocking at the door of immortality(永生)，” said Michael Zey，a Montclair State University business professor and author of two books on the future.“I think by 2075 we will see it and that’s a conservative estimate(保守的估计)．”
At the conference in San Francisco，Donald Louria，a professor at New Jersey Medical School in Newark said advances in using genes as well as nanotechnology(纳米技术) make it likely that humans will live in the future beyond what was possible in the past.“There is a great effort so that people can live from 120 to 180 years，” he said.“Some have suggested that there is no limit and that people could live to 200 or 300 or 500 years.”
However，many scientists who specialize in aging are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last about 120 years.Even with healthier lifestyles and less disease，they say failure of the brain and organs will finally lead all humans to death.
Scientists also differ on what kind of life the super aged might live.“It remains to be seen if you pass 120，you know；could you be healthy enough to have good quality of life？” said Leonard Poon，director of the University of Georgia Gerontology Centre.“At present people who could get to that point are not in good health at all.”
语篇解读　这是一篇议论文。人类是否能够获得更长更健康的生命？科学家对此有不同的看法。
1．By saying “we are knocking at the door of immortality”，Michael Zey means .
A．they have got some ideas about living forever
B．they believe that there is no limit of living
C．they are able to make people live past the present life span
D．they are sure to find the truth about long living
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知，教授表明到2075年就可以实现永生，由此判断出这里的含义是科学家们对如何获得永生有了一些想法。故选A项。
2．Donald Louria’s attitude towards long living is that .
A．the human body is designed to last past about 120 years
B．it is possible for humans to live longer in the future
C．it is still doubtful how long humans can live
D．people can live from 120 to 180 years
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“At the conference in San Francisco，Donald Louria，a professor at New Jersey Medical School in Newark said advances in using genes as well as nanotechnology(纳米技术) make it likely that humans will live in the future beyond what was possible in the past.”可知，这里教授觉得人类在未来会活得更久是有可能的。故选B项。
3．The underlined word “it” (in Paragraph 4) refers to “ ”．
A．a great effort
B．the conservative estimate
C．the idea of living from 200 to 300 years
D．the idea of living beyond the present life span
答案　D
解析　代词指代题。根据第三段末尾“Some have suggested that there is no limit and that people could live to 200 or 300 or 500 years.”可知，这里it指代前一段提到的人类可以活到200年或300年或500年，故选D项。
4．What would be the best title for this text
A．No Limit for Human Life
B．Living Longer or Not
C．Science，Technology and Long Living
D．Healthy Lifestyle and Long Living
答案　B
解析　标题归纳题。文章第二段中的“I think we are knocking at the door of immortality(永生)．..”以及第四段中的“However，many scientists who specialize in aging are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last about 120 years.”可知，整篇文章是围绕着人类是否永生展开。故短文的最佳标题为“人类是否能够获得更长更健康的生命”。故选B项。
Ⅴ.完形填空
Generally，a “good night’s sleep” means about eight hours without interruption.However，the 1 of an eight-hour sleep is fairly recent.
History textbooks， 2 ，only tend to record memorable events.Sleep is so 3 that it is barely mentioned.However，some historians 4 references to a “first sleep” and a “second sleep” in documents.The first sleep started after sunset and lasted until around midnight.Then people would lie 5 for a while and chat or pray.Some neighbours 6 used to visit each other.After a few hours，they would continue their second sleep until dawn.
By the time electric lighting was introduced，the two-sleep pattern had 7 ，for most people could stay up late with lights.It’s a 8 we lost the two-sleep habit because being awake for a period at night is beneficial.It 9 the body’s natural energy and sleep rhythms.
The two-sleep habit wasn’t 10 .Sleep patterns vary between different cultures.Sleep patterns also vary according to 11 .Generally，older adults and preteens are happy with early mornings， 12 teenagers have a habit of staying up late at night and getting up late.That’s why parents are always 13 that teenagers won’t get up in the mornings.Actually，it shouldn’t 14 .Getting up late isn’t lazy.Maybe we should 15 what our body clock is telling us and sleep when our body says it’s tired.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了不同时期和不同地域的人们的睡眠类型以及影响睡眠类型的因素。
1．A.character B．end
C．result D．concept
答案　D
解析　由下一段中介绍的古人每天睡两次觉的情况可知，“八小时睡眠”的概念(concept)是最近才有的。
2．A.naturally B．finally
C．hopefully D．casually
答案　A
解析　史书记载的自然(naturally)是那些值得纪念的事。
3．A.practical B．common
C．important D．complex
答案　B
解析　由上一句及下文“it is barely mentioned”可知，睡觉实在是太普通(common)了，因此没被记载。
4．A.dropped B．preferred
C．understood D．noticed
答案　D
解析　由本句中的However可知，此处与上句形成了转折，说的是一些历史学家注意到(notice)一些文献中提到了“第一次睡眠”和“第二次睡眠”。
5．A.asleep B．alone C．awake D．angry
答案　C
解析　由下文“chat or pray”可知，人们会醒来(awake)躺一会儿。
6．A.even B．seldom
C．still D．only
答案　A
解析　由上下文内容可知，一些邻居们甚至(even)会利用两次睡眠之间的时间相互拜访。
7．A.developed B．returned
C．disappeared D．existed
答案　C
解析　由下文中的“lost the two-sleep habit”可知，随着电灯的出现，一晚睡两觉的这种睡眠方式已经消失(disappear)了。
8．A.pity B．blessing
C．puzzle D．relief
答案　A
解析　由后面的“being awake for a period at night is beneficial”可知，我们放弃这种睡眠方式是一件憾事(pity)。
9．A.ends up with B．keeps up with
C．comes up with D．puts up with
答案　B
解析　每晚两次睡眠遵循(keep up with)了身体的自然能量和睡眠节奏，故选B。
10．A.universal B．interesting
C．healthy D．regular
答案　A
解析　由下文中的“Sleep patterns vary between different cultures.”可知，一天睡两次觉的习惯并非是普遍的(universal)现象。
11．A.race B．age C．space D．season
答案　B
解析　由下文提到的Older adults，preteens和teenagers可知，此处指人们的睡眠类型由于年龄(age)而不同。
12．A.if B．while C．where D．how
答案　B
解析　年长些的成年人和十一二岁的孩子一般来说都喜欢早起，而青少年有晚睡晚起的习惯，表示对比，故选B。
13．A.complaining B．persuading
C．hearing D．suspecting
答案　A
解析　由语境可知，家长们总是抱怨(complain)青少年早上不起床。
14．A.work B．occur
C．last D．matter
答案　D
解析　由下一句“Getting up late isn’t lazy.”可知，这并不要紧(matter)。
15．A.guess B．report
C．consider D．risk
答案　C
解析　由后面的“sleep when our body says it’s tired”可知，我们应该考虑(consider)我们的生物钟告诉我们该做的事情。
Ⅵ.语法填空
Will it matter if you don’t take your breakfast？A test 1. (give) in the United States in the past year.Those tested involved people 2. different ages，from 12 to 83.During the experiment，these people were given 3. (various) of breakfasts，and sometimes they got no breakfast at all.Special tests were set up 4. (see) how well their bodies worked when they had eaten 5. certain kind of breakfast.The results show that if a person eats a proper breakfast，he or she will work with 6. (good) effect than if he or she has no breakfast.This fact appears to be 7. (especial) true if a person works with his brain.If a student eats fruit，eggs，bread and milk 8. provide enough energies before going to school，he or she will learn more quickly and listen with more attention to class.Contrary to 9. many people believe，if you don’t eat breakfast，you will not lose weight.This is because people become so hungry at noon that they eat too much for lunch，and end up 10. (gain) weight instead of losing.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章通过对一个实验测试的结论分析，说明了早餐对人的健康和工作效率的重要性。
1．答案　has been given
解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句中时间状语in the past year可知此处应用现在完成时，主语test和give之间是被动关系，所以此处使用现在完成时的被动语态，且主语是第三人称单数，助动词用has，故填has been given。
2．答案　of/at
解析　考查介词。people of/at different ages 意思是“不同年龄段的人”。
3．答案　varieties
解析　考查名词。varieties of＝a variety of各种各样的。
4．答案　to see
解析　考查非谓语动词。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处应用不定式形式表目的。
5．答案　a/some
解析　考查固定短语。固定短语a/some certain kind of，意为“某一种”。
6．答案　better
解析　考查形容词比较级。根据句中的than可知，应用形容词的比较级，good的比较级是better。
7．答案　especially
解析　考查副词。此处应用副词especially修饰形容词true。
8．答案　which/that
解析　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰名词短语“fruit，eggs，bread and milk”，且关系词在定语从句中充当主语，应用指物的关系代词which/that。
9．答案　what
解析　考查宾语从句。介词to后面是一个宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，且指“……的事”，应用连接代词what引导从句。
10．答案　gaining
解析　考查非谓语动词。end up doing sth.意思是“以做……结束”。类文赏读　话题导入
TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE
6 October 2015
This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology1 or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou(co-winner)，whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin，a crucial2 new treatment for malaria.Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives，and has led to improved health for millions of people.Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year，and about 600,000 die from it.Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria，and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.
Tu Youyou，a committed3 and patient scientist，was born in Ningbo，China，on 30 December 1930，and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.After she graduated，she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing.In 1967，the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria，and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.In the beginning，Tu Youyou went to Hainan，where malaria was more common，to study malaria patients.In 1969，she became the head of the project in Beijing，and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical4 treatments for the disease.Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts，and evaluated5 280,000 plants for their medical properties6.From their research，they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.
One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever.Tu’s team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect.They then tried boiling fresh wormwood，and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria，but this did not work either.Their project got stuck.However，Tu Youyou would not acknowledge7 defeat.She analysed8 the medical texts again，and by chance，she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood.She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties.Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract，she found a substance that worked.After failing more than 190 times，the team finally succeeded in 1971.Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.Later，the medicine was tested on malaria patients，most of whom recovered.This medicine，which was called artemisinin，soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
According to Tu Youyou，the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort.Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize，she said，“The honour is not just mine.There is a team behind me，and all the people of my country.This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine.It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.”(选自人教版新教材选择性必修第一册 UNIT 1)
1．physiology/ f zi' l d i/ n．生理学
2．crucial/'kru l/ adj.至关重要的；关键性的
3．committed/k 'm t d/ adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的
4．botanical/b 't n kl/ adj.植物学的
5．evaluate/ 'v ljue t/ vt.评估；评价
6．property/'pr p ti/ n．性质；特征；财产
7．acknowledge/ k'n l d / vt.(公开)感谢；承认(属实)
8．analyse/' n la z/ vt.分析
1．Later，the medicine was tested on malaria patients，most of whom recovered.
后来，这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了试验，大多数患者都康复了。
[句式分析]　most of whom recovered为whom引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体的关系，most of whom“他们中的大部分”，先行词为patients。
2．This medicine，which was called artemisinin，soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
这种药物被称为青蒿素，很快就成了治疗疟疾的标准疗法。
[句式分析]　which was called artemisinin为which引导的定语从句，先行词为medicine。
3．It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.
中国的科学研究和中医药传播到世界各地，这确实是一种荣耀
[句式分析]　It is an honour for sb./sth. to do...对于某人/某物来说做……是一件荣幸的事。
Period One　Welcome to the unit & Reading
—Comprehending
Learning Aims(学习目标)
1．Learn some new words.
2．Grasp the general idea of the passage.(重点难点)
3．Learn some important sentences.(重点难点)
阅读下列课文原句，猜词句中加黑词汇的汉语意思
1．Over the course of my career，I have seen many wonderful scientific developments，but none are as game-changing as genome editing.改变游戏规则的　基因组
2．It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases.寿命　影响　感染(疾病)
3．It allows geneticists to make changes to the genome by correcting，adding，deleting or replacing specific parts of the genetic material.删去，删除
4．Soon we may be able to use such treatments to restore a blind person’s vision or give someone who was born deaf an excellent sense of hearing.Ultimately，this new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on.
恢复；修复　 最终；根本上　 反常的，畸形的
5．As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace，however，questions arise about how to use it appropriately.发生的速度　发生，出现
6．Should we restrict our use of this technology to the treatment and prevention of diseases？Should we prohibit geneticists from using it to enhance healthy bodies？限制，限定　禁止
7．Philosophers，geneticists and government officials have all started to wrestle with such moral issues.努力处理，全力解决
8．Without doubt，genome editing is one of the greatest innovations in the history of science.
毫无疑问，的确
Task 1　宏观架构　整体理解
Ⅰ.Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
Ⅱ.The main idea of the passage is about the possibilities that genome editing can bring.
Task 2　微观剖析　细节把握
1．What information does our personal genome carry
A．All the information we need.
B．The information that can affect our emotions.
C．The information that helps us live longer.
D．The information that has something to do with our lifespan and the possibilities of suffering some diseases.
答案　D
2．How does the author support his idea in Paragraph 2
A．By stating arguments.
B．By explaining statistical data.
C．By giving examples.
D．By providing research results.
答案　C
3．How might genome editing make it possible to prevent disease from developing
A．By correcting genes ahead of time.
B．By making the abnormal genes right in advance.
C．By adding specific parts of the genetic material.
D．By replacing some parts of the genetic material.
答案　B
4．What does the words “designer babies” probably mean
A．It refers to babies that have developed from embryos(胚胎) with certain desired characteristics.
B．It refers to babies that have been developed by scientists in the laboratories.
C．It refers to babies that have been designed by geneticists in the laboratories.
D．It refers to babies that have been selected by their picky parents.
答案　A
5．Which of the following can best describe the attitude of the author towards genome editing
A．Critical. B．Indifferent.
C．Favorable. D．Unclear.
答案　C
Task 3　读后升华　思维品质
Activity 1　词汇学习——“-tics/-ics/-logy”“-tic/-cal”“-ist/-cian”后缀构成的单词
这篇文章中使用了很多与“gene”相关的单词，请找出它们，并找处更多同类的词。
答案　genetics遗传学　genetic基因的；遗传的　geneticist遗传学家　politics政治学　political政治的　politician政治家　physics物理学　physical 物理学的　physicist 物理学家　biology生物学　biological生物的　biologist生物学家
Activity 2　美句欣赏——as的多种用法
在这篇文章中多次使用了“as”引导的句子，作为连词，它可以让你要表达的意思更条理。
请使用“as”把下面句子合成一句。(B3)
答案
1．As you might have heard this before，some genes make you more likely to develop certain diseases.(定语从句)
2．As it can be dangerous，we need to have appropriate controls on genome editing.(原因状语从句)
3．As new discoveries are being made，geneticists gain a better understanding of our genes.(原因状语从句)
Activity 3　文本讨论
1．How does the lecturer feel about genome editing？Find evidence from the lecture transcript to support your opinion.
2．The lecturer mentions that one day we will be able to create “designer babies”．What do you think of “designer babies”？
3．What controls can we put in place to make sure that genome editing will work to our advantage
译文：遗传学家一直在试图确定哪些基因与哪些疾病相关，因为他们相信基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的有效手段。
译文：很快，我们就能利用这种治疗方法来恢复盲人的视力，或者让天生失聪的人拥有良好的听觉。
译文：不久的将来，我们将能够使用基因组编辑来增强人类对感冒和流感的抵抗力，使人们长得更高，帮助他们的肌肉更快地发育，使他们所有的感官都更敏锐，或使他们更聪明。
译文：我们将能够在孩子出生前为他们选择特定的特征，创造出一些人所说的“设计婴儿”。
课文语法填空
Genes play a critical role in shaping our lives.Our own personal genome 1.carries(carry) all the information needed to make us grow and develop.It also contains information 2.that/which helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of 3. contracting(contract) certain diseases.Geneticists believe genome editing is 4.an effective means of disease treatment and prevention and they hope to apply this technology 5.to treat a wide range of health problems.With the technology 6.developing(develop) at a fast pace，however，questions arise about how to use it appropriately.One day soon we will be able to use genome editing to increase the human 7.resistance(resist) to colds and flus，to 8.sharpen(sharp) all of their senses，etc.However，is this a good thing？What consequences might it have？Philosophers，geneticists and government 9.officials(official) have all started to wrestle with such moral issues.Despite the public argument over this technology,10.its(it)possibilities have been creating much excitement throughout the entire medical community and beyond.Without doubt，genome editing is one of the greatest innovations in the history of science.
课时跟踪练一
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Disasters are like a mirror.They show both our bright and dark sides，as individuals and as a society.As citizens in China and beyond continue to fight against the coronavirus(新冠状病毒)，the daily lives of many have gone through changes—from simple routine adjustments to complete devotion from volunteers.
People have consciously chosen to stay at home to prevent further human-to-human spread.However，that didn’t stop employees and students from working and studying at home.On Feb.17，the scheduled first school day，many teachers started to give online lessons.Bored at home，many people began to learn new things to fill their newly-found time，such as baking or knitting.
The film named Contagion，2011 shows the worst case that might happen after a worldwide epidemic.Fortunately，the situation in China couldn’t be more different than the movie.Rather than violence and food shortage，everything has worked out rather well in China so far.
Scientists isolated(分离) the first virus strain，more than 30,000 medical workers in over 100 medical teams gathered and thousands of construction workers came to build hospitals in Wuhan，Hubei Province.Thousands of volunteers are working nonstop to help deliver supplies and assist the affected regions.
Sociologists once debated whether volunteer service is common to see around the world.Indeed，more than 30 years of research—exploring disasters in Europe，Asia，and America—confirmed that the need to help is universal wherever disasters strike.
“It’s normal that when disasters happen，people will fall into a panic.In reality，we’re more likely to rush in to help others than run them over to save ourselves，” wrote American psychologist Kelly Caldwell in Pacific Standard.“It’s an exercise in mass healing.”
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。 本文主要讲述了在对抗冠状病毒的斗争中，中国人民没有退缩，而是调整自己的生活，冲到前方帮助有困难的人，共同对抗这场灾难。
1．What is the main purpose of the first paragraph
A．To tell readers a lesson.
B．To show the effect of a disaster.
C．To introduce the topic of the text.
D．To raise the readers’ interest in the mirror.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容可知文章的主题就是讲述人们在同新冠病毒斗争的时候，并没有退缩，而是选择调整自己的生活去帮助有困难的人，所以这一段的主要目的是引出文章的主题。故选C。
2．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．People chose to stay at home to avoid panic.
B．People tried every means to learn new things.
C．Online working and studying became more popular.
D．People adjusted their routines to avoid infection.
答案　D
解析　段落大意题。根据文章第二段中的“People have consciously chosen to stay at home to prevent further human-to-human spread.However，that didn’t stop employees and students from working and studying at home.”可知，本段的主题就是人们调整自己的日常生活以避免感染。故选D。
3．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 mean
A．China’s situation was the same with the movie.
B．China experienced violence and food shortage.
C．Chinese people have gone through many changes.
D．China’s situation was quite different from the movie.
答案　D
解析　句意理解题。根据画线句上文“The film named Contagion，2011 shows the worst case that might happen after a worldwide epidemic.”及画线句中的“Fortunately”可推测出，画线句意为“中国的情况与这部电影截然不同”。故选D。
4．Where is the text probably taken from
A．A newspaper. B．A science fiction.
C．A medical journal. D．A science report.
答案　A
解析　文章出处题。根据文章第一段的内容可知，本文的主题就是讲述在同冠状病毒作斗争时，许多人调整生活，去帮助有困难和有需要的人。所以这种对客观事实的报道可能来自一份报纸。故选A。
B
Jon Steward，a 10-year-old boy with autism(自闭症)，came home from Cumberland Head Elementary School in Plattsburgh，New York，on April 7 more excited than ever.To celebrate National Poetry Month，his fifth-grade teacher asked her students to write a poem about themselves，beginning every sentence with “I am”．
Jon couldn’t wait to start writing，so he sat down and didn’t look up until it was finished.A few hours later，he showed the poem to his parents，who immediately got chock up.
“I am odd.I am new，” Jon wrote in the poem.“I wonder if you are too.I hear voices in the air.I see you don’t and that’s not fair.”
“I feel like a boy in outer space.I touch the stars and feel out of place，” he went on to write.
“At first，we felt sad and hurt that he felt lonely，misunderstood and odd at school，” Steward said.“As the poem went on，we realized that he understood that he was odd and that so was everyone else in their own way.This is what Jon wants everyone to know.”
Jon was supposed to read his poem aloud to the class the following day，but upon waking up that morning，he refused to go to school.Instead，he stayed at home.
He didn’t think his poem was any good，so his dad posted it on Facebook in the hope of getting some encouraging comments.Once the National Autism Association saw the photo，they posted it on their page，where thousands of strangers shared how much the poem inspired them.Now the family has heard from hundreds of parents thanking Jon for showing how their own kids may be feeling at school.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个名叫Jon的10岁自闭症男孩，他写了一首诗，这首诗被国家自闭症协会发布在自己的网页上。通过他的诗歌，很多人得到了鼓励，也让很多父母看到了自己的孩子在学校的感受。
5．Why did Jon feel very excited on April 7
A．He had a task to finish.
B．He wrote a good poem.
C．He had good news to share.
D．He had been praised at school.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“To celebrate National Poetry Month，his fifth-grade teacher asked her students to write a poem about themselves，beginning every sentence with ‘I am’．”和第二段中的“Jon couldn’t wait to start writing，so he sat down and didn’t look up until it was finished.”可知，4月7日那天Jon很高兴，是因为按老师的要求，他要写一首关于自己的诗歌。故选A项。
6．How should Jon feel the next day
A．Pleased. B．Anxious.
C．Puzzled. D．Bored.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Jon was supposed to read his poem aloud to the class the following day，but upon waking up that morning，he refused to go to school.Instead，he stayed at home.”和最后一段中的“He didn’t think his poem was any good...”可推测，他很担心，担心别人也认为他的诗歌写得不好。故选B项。
7．After the poem was posted online，it .
A．was ignored for a short time
B．won much encouragement for Jon
C．started a hot debate immediately
D．made many parents know more about Jon
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第一段中的“Once the National Autism Association saw the photo，they posted it on their page，where thousands of strangers shared how much the poem inspired them.”可推测，Jon得到了很多人的鼓励，因为很多人都觉得他的诗歌写得很好，让他们受到了鼓励。故选B项。
8．Who will be most interested in the poem
A．Doctors. B．Students.
C．Parents. D．Educators.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第一段中的“Now the family has heard from hundreds of parents thanking Jon for showing how their own kids may be feeling at school.”可推测，对Jon的诗歌最感兴趣的人是孩子的父母。故选C项。
C
A new study has discovered that meditation(冥想) and oxygen sport together reduce depression.The Rutgers University study found that this mind and body combination，done twice a week for only two months，reduced the symptoms for a group of students by 40 percent.
“We are excited by the findings because we have seen such a meaningful improvement in both clinically depressed and non-depressed students，” said lead author Dr Brandon Alderman.“It is the first time that both of these two behavioral ways have been looked at together for dealing with depression.”
Researchers believe the two activities have an interactive effect in combating depression.Alderman and Dr Tracey Shors discovered that a combination of mental and physical training(MAP) enabled students with major depressive disorder not to let problems or negative thoughts defeat them.
Rutgers researchers say those who participated in the study began with 30 minutes of focused attention meditation followed by 30 minutes of oxygen sport.They were told that if their thoughts drifted to the past or the future，they should refocus on their breathing，enabling those with depression to accept moment-to-moment changes in attention.
Shors，who studies the production of new brain cells in the hippocampus—part of the brain involved in memory and learning—says scientists have shown in animal models that oxygen sport exercise keeps a large number of certain cells alive.
The idea for the human intervention(干预) came from her laboratory studies，she says，with the main goal of helping individuals acquire new skills so that they can learn to recover from stressful life events.
“By learning to focus their attention and exercise，people who are fighting depression can acquire new learning skills that can help them process information and reduce the overwhelming recollection of memories from the past，” Shors says.
“We know these treatments can be practiced over a lifetime and that they will be effective in improving mental health，” said Alderman.“The good news is that this intervention can be practiced by anyone at any time and at no cost.”
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究成果——将冥想和有氧运动结合起来治疗抑郁有很明显的效果。
9．What made the research so different
A．Adopting a way of meaningful talk.
B．Combining the two ways to treat depression.
C．Treating depression with special medicine.
D．Comparing the depressed with the non-depressed.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It is the first time that both of these two behavioral ways have been looked at together for dealing with depression.”可知，这项研究第一次将冥想和有氧运动结合起来治疗抑郁。故选B。
10．The underlined word “combating” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by “ ”．
A．fighting B．identifying
C．distinguishing D．examining
答案　A
解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段可知，将冥想和有氧运动结合起来对治疗抑郁有很明显的效果，以及第三段第二句后半句“使患有抑郁症的学生不让问题或消极思想打败他们”，因此“combating”的意思应该为“防止；与……作斗争”，与fighting意思一样。故选A。
11．What did the participants do in the research
A．They did oxygen sport half an hour before thinking.
B．They thought quietly and then took exercise.
C．They took exercise longer than they thought.
D．They took exercise while thinking quietly.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，这项研究的参与者先冥想30分钟，然后再做30分钟的有氧运动。故选B。
12．What is Shors’ main purpose of her studies
A．To find out certain brain cells of humans.
B．To study the production of new brain cells.
C．To offer people a new method to treat stress.
D．To decide the links between stress and exercise.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第六段中的“...she says，with the main goal of helping individuals acquire new skills so that they can learn to recover from stressful life events.”可知，Shors 所进行的研究的主要目的是帮助人们获得一些应对压力的新技能。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
Stand-up paddle boarding，or SUP，is rising quickly in popularity.The idea is simple. 1 People enjoy it for many reasons.
First，it’s easy.Almost anyone，young or old，can get on a board and start paddling around.It doesn’t take much skill.Second，it’s healthy. 2 Maintaining your balance while paddling helps you lose weight and get stronger.Third，there are many different ways to enjoy SUP.Anywhere you can canoe—lakes，rivers and oceans—you can do SUP. 3 When touring，you might explore a small area for an hour.Or you could pack camping supplies on your paddleboard and take an overnight trip.You might also enjoy experiencing the peace and quiet of nature from a paddleboard.And don’t forget the view！From a paddleboard，you can see out to the horizon and down into the water.
4 YouTube videos can introduce you to basic SUP techniques.You’ll also discover that there are different kinds of paddleboards for different kinds of paddle boarding.One is sure to fit you perfectly.
Different kinds of accessories(配件)open up more possibilities for fun on a paddleboard.Would you like to attach a camera or a fishing pole to your paddleboard？Do you want to tie down some camping equipment for a big trip？ 5
Stand-up paddle boarding is a great way to enjoy nature，exercise and have fun.Give it a try!
A．SUP is a safe，effective exercise.
B．Do you want to race and surf big waves
C．And don’t forget to wear a personal flotation device!
D．There’s SUP surfing，racing，fishing and even “touring”！
E．You can learn a lot of important things about SUP by searching online.
F．You stand on a floating board and use a paddle to travel across the water.
G．Some companies can make sure you safely enjoy your time on a paddleboard.
1．答案　F
解析　根据上文“The idea is simple.”可知，此处内容与解释关于立式单桨冲浪简单的原理有关，选项F“You stand on a floating board and use a paddle to travel across the water.”符合语境，故选F。
2．答案　A
解析　 根据下文“Maintaining your balance while paddling helps you lose weight and get stronger.”可知，此处内容与立式单桨沖浪有益健康有关，选项A“SUP is safe，effective exercise.”符合语境，故选A。
3．答案　D
解析　 根据上文“Third，there are many different ways to enjoy SUP.”和下文“When touring，you might explore a small area for an hour.”可知，此处内容与享受立式单桨冲浪的多种方式有关，选项D“There’s SUP surfing，racing，fishing and even‘touring’！”符合语境，选项中的 touring呼应下文的 touring，故选D。
4．答案　E
解析　 根据下文内容可知，此处内容与可以在线上搜索到立式单桨冲浪的技术知识有关，选项E“You can learn a lot of important things about SUP by searching online.”符合语境，选项中的 online呼应下文的 YouTube videos。故选E。
5．答案　C
解析　 根据上文内容可知，此处内容与冲浪板的配件有关。选项C “And don’t forget to wear a personal flotation device！(别忘了带上个人漂浮装置！)”符合语境，故选C。Period Three　Grammar and usage
Learning Aims(学习目标)
1．Learn the grammar—Present perfect continuous tense.(重点难点)
2．Learn some important words：equip，grateful.(重点难点)
Activity 1　读文探究
阅读教材P34的一段短文，在文中找出含有“have/has＋...”结构，说出它们是完成时的什么形式。
1．Scientists have been making great progress in robotic technology in recent years. 2．Over the past three months I have been testing out the limits of what I can do with my new hand，and it constantly surprises me. 3．I have rediscovered hobbies I had enjoyed before my accident. 4．For example，I have been cooking for my family again since I got my new hand. 5．Not only can I do more，but I have also become more confident and outgoing.
以上句子中句1、2、4都是现在完成进行时；句3和句5都是现在完成时。
Activity 2　感悟规律
1．现在完成进行时表示动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在，该动作可能刚停止，也可能仍在进行。常与in recent years，over the past...，since等时间状语连用。
2．现在完成进行时的构成形式为has/have been doing。
Activity 3　语法精析
一、现在完成进行时的形式
肯定句：have/has been＋现在分词(doing)
否定句：have/has not been＋现在分词(doing)
疑问句：Have/Has＋主语＋been＋现在分词(doing)＋...
Our government has been using PSAs to educate people for many years.
多年来，我们的政府一直在用公益广告来教育人们。
He hasn’t been sleeping for two days.他两天没睡觉了。
Has he been studying hard since the new term began
新学期开始以来，他一直在努力学习吗？
二、现在完成进行时的用法
1．延续：表示开始于过去的活动持续到现在，并且活动往往还没有结束，将继续持续下去。
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中国有两千年的造纸历史。(还将继续造纸，不会停止造纸)。
—Why，Jack，you look so tired!
—Well，I have been painting the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.
——杰克你看上去很累啊！
——对，我一直在粉刷屋子，而且明天必须得刷完。(强调一直在做，并且还将持续)
Mary has been going to writing classes every night since June and the course will end this week.
从6月开始，玛丽每天晚上去上写作课，这个课程将于这周末结束。(玛丽上写作课的动作从过去持续到未来的这周末，所以要用现在完成进行时。)
2．重复：到目前为止的一段时间内重复发生的活动。
—Isn’t it hard to drive to downtown to work
—Yes，that’s why I have been going to work by train.
——开车去市中心上班难道不麻烦吗？
——很麻烦，这就是我一直坐火车去工作的原因。(到现在一直坐火车去上班，强调重复性和持续性)
Since the time humankind started gardening，we have been trying to make our environment more beautiful.
自从人类开始搞园艺活动到现在，我们一直都在努力让我们的环境更美丽。
He has been promising me to help you.Hasn’t he done it？他一直答应我要帮助你，难道他没这样做吗？
I have always been thinking of her but I can’t see her.
虽然我一直想着她，但是我不能见到她。
3．感彩：和进行时一样，现在完成进行时可以带有说话人的感彩(如赞扬、厌恶、抱怨等)。
Where have you been？I have been waiting for you in the rain for two hours.
你去哪了？我在雨中等了你两个小时。(抱怨)
Who’s been eating my apples？Why didn’t he tell me
谁一直在吃我的苹果？为什么他不告诉我？(不满)
Recently Li Ming has been doing his work regularly.
近来，李明总是有规律地做他的工作。(表扬)
三、现在完成进行时需要注意的几点
1．现在完成进行时常和以下时间状语连用：“for＋时间段”，always，since，these days/years，recently，all the time，all day/week/afternoon...，How long...等。
I have been attending a tutorial centre for three months.
3个月以来，我一直在一个辅导中心学习。
Since the first modern Olympic Games was held in 1896，athletes and fans have always been trying to get“their” sports into the Olympics.
自从1896年第一届现代奥林匹克运动会举办以来，运动员及运动爱好者一直努力使“他们的”运动成为奥林匹克运动会上的比赛项目。
They have been working in the garden all afternoon.
整个下午他们都在园子里干活。
2．有些动词不能用于现在完成进行时
(1)表示状态的动词be，have，exist，belong，own等；
(2)表示感情的动词like，love，hate，detest等；
(3)表示感觉的动词see，hear，feel，sound等；
(4)其他动词believe，doubt，want，wish，agree，include，order，know等。
(正)He has had a terrible headache for the last few days.他最近几天头疼得很厉害。
(误)He has been having a terrible headache for the last few days.
3．现在完成时可以与never，ever，yet，already等连用，而现在完成进行时则不能与它们连用。
(正)I have already read the novel three times.
这本小说我已经看了三遍。
(误)I have already been reading the novel three times.
四、 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别
1．现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性，它是现在完成时的强调形式。
试比较：
We’ve been living here for ten years.
We’ve lived here for ten years.
我们在这儿已经住了十年了。
2．在不用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行。而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已结束。
The students have been preparing for the exam.(还在进行)学生们一直在准备考试。
The students have prepared for the exam.(已经结束)学生们为考试做了准备。
3．有些表示状态、感情、感觉的动词如：have，exist，like，hate，hear，know，sound等动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。
They’ve known each other since 1970.
自从1970年起他们就相互认识了。
4．现在完成时通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感彩：
I have waited for two hours.我等了两小时。(陈述事实)
I have been waiting for two hours.我一直等了两个小时。(等得好辛苦)
5．不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时，但它们可以用于现在完成时：
I’ve only known her for two days.
我认识她刚刚两天。
They’ve been married for twenty years.
他们已结婚二十年了。
The war has lasted for a long time.
这场战争持续了很长时间。
I was equipped with an artificial hand，but it did not feel like part of me.(教材P34)
?equip vt.配备；使有能力
(1)equip sb.with...使某人具备……资格/技能 equip sb.for...使某人具有…… equip sb.to do sth.使某人有能力做某事 (2)equipment n．装备；设备 a piece of equipment一件设备
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①Programmers must equip themselves with the latest technologies in order to be efficient.
②The course is designed to equip students for a career in nursing.
③Some lessons should help equip children to deal with his growing demands of social media.
④There are lots of pieces of equipment in the hospital which can help the patients to have examinations.
[单句语法填空]
①All riders are equipped(equip) with reflective vests and safety lights.
②In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition”—a house without using electric equipment(equip)．
I’m so grateful for all the new possibilities my robotic hand has opened up.(教材P34)
?grateful adj.感谢的；感激的
(1)be grateful to sb.for (doing) sth.因(做)某事而感激某人 I would be grateful if you could...如果你能……我将不胜感激。 (2)gratitude n．感谢；感激 with gratitude带着感激之情 express one’s gratitude to sb.for...因为……向某人表达感谢
[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵
①I shall always be grateful to my former teacher for introducing me to the study of language.
②I would be very grateful if you could tell me if there is any way that I can make up for it.
③They should remember their pleasures with gratitude，as they would the harvest of a summer.
④Mother’s Day is celebrated to honor all mothers and express gratitude to them for the hardships they bear in bringing up a child.
[单句语法填空/单句写作]
①When Tom gave him the money，the beggar was surprised and seemed grateful to him for what he did.
②New Year was approaching，the company sent Navel Orange to customers in order to express gratitude to them.
③如果你能考虑我，我将不胜感谢。
I would be grateful if you could give me a kind consideration./I would appreciate it if you could take me into consideration.
④我写信是为了向你对我的帮助表达衷心的感谢。
I’m writing to express my sincere gratitude/thanks to you for giving me a helping hand.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．This is the second time that I have seen(see) the film.
2．Paper money has been used(use) for over a thousand years.
3．Jim has been phoning(phone) Jenny every night for the several months.
4．Here he is! We have been waiting(wait) anxiously for him since last night.
5．I have been painting(paint) the room this morning and I have to continue my work.
6．Alice has competed(compete) in the Athens Marathon twice before，but hopes to achieve her best time this year.
Ⅱ.完成教材P35 B 部分
课时跟踪练三
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks.It’s because I have been practising(practise) a lot these days.
2．Mother wants to be a good provider，a role she has been shouldering(shoulder) since her marriage to Father.
3．The number of visitors has been rising(rise) steadily since the reopening，despite a sharp decline compared to normal years.
4．—I’m fed up with the wet，cold weather here！I wish tomorrow a sunny day!
—Exactly.Actually，it has been raining(rain) every day in the past two weeks.
5．Since last month，George，along with some of his former classmates，has been desiring(desire) to have a 20-year gathering during this summer holiday.
6．Eric：You have been dialing(dial) that number all the time since you came into the office.Whom do you want to speak to
Delia：I’m trying to get our Paris office.I have called(call) it five times and haven’t got (not get) through yet.What should I do
Eric：Why not send an email instead
Delia：Good idea.
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．史密斯先生和他的学生们日日夜夜都在为这个项目工作，以提前完成任务。
Mr.Smith，along with his students，is working/has been working on the project day and night to finish the task ahead of time.
2．——托马斯，你的眼睛为什么红了？
——在过去五分钟里我一直在切洋葱。
—Thomas，why are your eyes red
—I have been cutting up onions for the last five minutes.
3．我把门漆过了，它看起来像一扇新的。
I have painted the door and it looks like a new one.
4．——灰太狼先生，你这些天在忙什么？
——我一直试着去抓些山羊，但是到目前为止还没有抓到过一只。
—Mr.Wolf，what have you been busy doing these days
—I have been trying to catch goats，but have never caught a single one so far.
能力提升
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
Stress under the COVID-19(新型冠状病毒肺炎)
The first national survey of the psychological impact of the COVID-19 collected data between Jan.31 and Feb.10.It found that 35 percent of people suffered psychological stress，and the level of the stress was to do with various factors.
According to the research，the stress level was associated with sex，age and education.Female showed higher psychological stress than male.People aged between 18 and 30 showed the highest level of stress.They can get much information from social media，which can easily cause stress.The elderly have also been psychologically impacted，since this widespread disease is most likely to kill older patients.Furthermore，people with higher education tended to have more stress for their knowledge of health.
Further，people may have higher stress due to their jobs.It is evident that migrant workers(外来务工人员) have the highest level of stress among all workers because they worry about the virus carried in public transports when returning to their jobs，about work delays and loss of income as they stop working，and about job opportunities that may dry up before the cities they work in return to full operations.
In addition，stress levels have something to do with the region for its local medical resources，efficiency of public health system，prevention and control measures.For example，Shanghai is at high risk because of the large population of migrant workers，but the stress level is not in the high level.This may be because Shanghai has one of the best public health systems in China，according to the research.
Ultimately，the prevention and control measures taken by the Chinese government have made people’s stress decrease.Still，based on the research，psychologists suggested more attention be paid to young adults and migrant workers who have higher stress.
语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了关于新型冠状病毒给人们带来的焦虑与压力。人们的焦虑与压力水平的高低受性别、年龄、教育水平、职业以及所在地区的医疗服务的影响。
1．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．The stress level was related to sex，age and education.
B．Young adults showed the highest level of stress.
C．Old people showed high level of stress.
D．Educated people tended to have more stress.
答案　A
解析　段落大意题。第二段首句“According to the research，the stress level was associated with sex，age and education.”是该段的主题句，下文分别提到新型冠状病毒对这几类人的心理压力的情况“Female...People aged between 18 and 30...The elderly...people with higher education...”。故选A。
2．According to the survey，which kind of people may suffer higher stress
A．Well-educated people. B．Migrant workers.
C．The elderly. D．All of the above.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The elderly have also been psychologically impacted...people with higher education tended to have more stress...”和第三段中的“migrant workers(外来务工人员) have the highest level of stress”可知，老年人、受过良好教育的人、外来务工人员的心理压力更大。故选D。
3．According to the research，why isn’t Shanghai in the high level of stress
A．Shanghai is a beautiful place with fresh air.
B．Shanghai has a large population of migrant workers.
C．Shanghai has much more healthy persons than other cities.
D．Shanghai enjoys one of the best public health systems in China.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“This may be because Shanghai has one of the best public health systems in China...”可知，上海人心理压力水平不高可能是因为上海有中国最好的公共卫生系统之一。故选D。
4．What can we learn from the passage
A．A large percentage of people suffered psychological stress.
B．Chinese government’s prevention and control measures lowered people’s stress.
C．Shanghai has the largest population of migrant workers.
D．Male tended to have more stress.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“...the prevention and control measures taken by the Chinese government have made people’s stress decrease.”可知，中国政府采取的预防和控制措施降低了人们的压力。故选B。
B
My twin sister is in therapy(治疗)．The other day，she missed an important appointment for no good reason.My therapist said it was “time blindness”．
I’m living in New York,3,000 miles away from my twin.We video chat every day，but I haven’t seen her in person since Christmas.
Time blindness is a term invented by doctors who treat people with ADHD(注意缺陷多动障碍)．Psychologist Ari Tuckman says adults typically develop an awareness of time and an ability to track its passing.Some people have what he calls ‘harder’ or ‘sharper’ time awareness：they know when they’ve been out for lunch for too long，or when something hasn’t been in the oven for long enough.The others have much “softer” time awareness：they can miss appointments and trains.Time blindness can greatly impact someone’s life if they can’t ever meet deadlines.People with ADHD are often more time-blind than others.
Besides our own time awareness，Tuckman says，context plays a role：sleep loss，anxiety，being drunk and anything that might impact how we process the world can make us feel more time-blind.Without the usual time-marker cues we might use to divide up our days—the school bus arriving，the line at the coffee shop，or weekend nights spent at restaurants with friends—we’re swimming in a sea of sameness.
Sorrow is one of the biggest causes of time blindness，according to Tuckman.Holding onto time is a skill of your mind，like doing math，and sadness reduces its computing strength.It’s why time goes faster when I ztalk to my twin sister，when I’m not so sad.
Tuckman says it might be nice for more people to understand time blindness.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章描写了作者的妹妹患上时间盲症，由此来介绍这种病的症状和患病的原因。
5．What do we know about the author and her sister
A．She is not optimistic about her sister’s health.
B．It has been years since they chatted in person.
C．She has learned her sister’s illness is less serious.
D．She video chats with her sister every day.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“We video chat every day，but I haven’t seen her in person since Christmas.”可知，作者每天和她妹妹聊天。故选D项。
6．What are people having harder time awareness like according to Tuckman
A．They are often productive in a limited time.
B．They tend to spend less time in having lunch.
C．They are good at keeping track of time passing.
D．They usually need stronger time management.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Psychologist Ari Tuckman says adults typically develop an awareness of time and an ability to track its passing.Some people have what he calls ‘harder’ or ‘sharper’ time awareness：they know when they’ve been out for lunch for too long，or when something hasn’t been in the oven for long enough.”可知，塔克曼认为“更强”时间意识的人善于记录时间的流逝。故选C项。
7．What does the underlined phrase “time-marker cues” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．Troubles we are suffering from.
B．Ordinary activities in our daily life.
C．Activities in our home.
D．The same things we share regularly.
答案　B
解析　词义猜测题。根据文章第四段中的“Without the usual time-marker cues we might use to divide up our days—the school bus arriving，the line at the coffee shop，or weekend nights spent at restaurants with friends—we’re swimming in a sea of sameness.”可猜测，短语“time-marker cues(时间标记线索)”指的是我们日常生活中的日常活动。故选B项。
8．Which of the following can cause time blindness most easily
A．Sadness. B．Deep thought.
C．Surprise. D．Hard work.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Sorrow is one of the biggest causes of time blindness，according to Tuckman.”可知，悲伤最容易导致时间盲症。故选A项。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Tene Konate takes pride in telling relatives about her job driving a 72-ton truck at the Hounde gold mine in western Burkina Faso.She is one of 111 women at the mine 1. (teach) for jobs like moving rocks，or 2. (drive) heavy vehicles which are more traditionally done by men in West Africa.They remain firmly in the minority，however，with women making up just 11 percent of 3. workforce at Hounde which is run by Canada’s Endeavour Mining.Konate had struggled to provide for her two young daughters.This 4. (eventual) led her to the mining industry and she acknowledged the mine 5. (change) everything in her life since she worked at Hounde.Konate now lives in a large house in Hounde and can pay for her daughters’schooling.In the beginning，the mother 6. (train) on how to operate trucks 7. wheels are so large that drivers must climb a ladder(梯子) to get into the cabin.Konate said that the work was tiring 8. she liked it very much.She encourages those around her 9. (forget) gender and judge colleagues by the quality 10. their work.“As I always say to my operators，as soon as we cross that gate，we are no longer women.We have become men，because we do the same job.”
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Tene Konate为养活自己的两个女儿成为重型卡车司机的故事。
1．答案　taught
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句谓语动词是连系动词is，空格处teach为非谓语动词。又因其逻辑主语是“one of 111 women”，两者间有被动关系且时间上是“已经发生”，故用过去分词。故填taught。
2．答案　driving
解析　考查非谓语动词。根据空格前并列连词or可知，此处与moving rocks是并列关系并充当介词like的宾语，前后动词形式需保持一致，故用动名词形式。故填driving。
3．答案　the
解析　考查冠词。因workforce后面有at Hounde which is run by Canada’s Endeavour Mining修饰限定，所以是特指，应用定冠词。故填the。
4．答案　eventually
解析　考查词性转换。此处修饰动词led，应用副词。故填eventually。
5．答案　had changed
解析　考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，change是acknowledged后面宾语从句中的谓语动词，又因change发生在acknowledged之前，应用过去完成时。故填had changed。
6．答案　was trained
解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，train是谓语动词，结合上文时态和并分析与主语the mother之间的关系可知，应使用一般过去时的被动语态形式，又因the mother是可数名词单数，所be动词用was。故填was trained。
7．答案　whose
解析　考查定语从句。空格处为定语从句的引导词，且修饰先行词trucks，又因先行词trucks与定语从句中wheels有所属关系，因此应该使用表示所属关系的关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
8．答案　but
解析　考查连词。前后两个分句间有明显的转折关系。故填but。
9．答案　to forget
解析　考查非谓语动词。encourage sb.to do...(鼓励某人做……)为固定搭配。故填to forget。
10．答案　of
解析　考查介词。根据句意可知，此处是介词短语“of their work”作后置定语修饰名词quality，表示一种所属关系。故填of。Period Four　Integrated skills
Learning Aims(学习目标)
1．Watching a video.(重点难点)
2．Writing.(重点难点)
策略指导
在观看视频之前，识别关键词是有帮助的。例如，在注解中，你可以将“百分比”“原因”和“符号”标识为关键词。当你看视频的时候，要留意它们。
常见话题句式：
1．The latest surveys show that the number of teenagers who wear glasses is increasing at an alarming rate.
最近的调查显示青少年中戴眼镜的人数正在以惊人的速度增加。
2．As a result of...，short-sightedness has become a serious problem.由于……，近视已经成为一个严重的问题。
3．Short-sightedness has brought about much inconvenience to the students who are suffering from the problem.
近视给正在遭受这个问题困扰的学生带来了很多不便。
4．The problem of short-sightedness should arouse the great concern of the whole society，especially parents of teenagers.
近视的问题应该引起全社会的高度关注，尤其是青少年的父母。
5．It is important for eyes to get regular breaks throughout the day，so students are advised to stop for a few minutes in the middle of their study.
对眼睛来说，一天中有规律的休息是很重要的，所以建议学生们在学习中停下来几分钟。
听力集训
Do listening exercises in the book.
1．Jenny is listening to a report about short-sightedness.Listen and finish the exercises below.Listen to the report and answer the questions in part A1 on page 36.(教材P36)
2．Listen to the report again and complete the notes in part A2 on page 36.(教材P36)
Activity 1　Read the feature article in part B on page 37 and make a list of the measures.
Measures taken by No.9 High School to protect students’ eyes：
1．
2．
3．
Activity 2　When writing an article about short-sightedness，you can follow the following structures.(写作模板)
A recent survey shows that the number of teenagers who are suffering from short sightedness is increasing at an alarming rate _______________________________________________________ Current situation of short sightedness among young people For various reasons，short sightedness has become a serious problem.For example，___________ Analyse the causes of short sightedness. All in all，it is high time we took effective measures to stop teenagers becoming eye sighted.We can ___________________________________________ Suggestions to improve the situation.
本单元的写作任务是关于近视的专题文章。可以参照前面A、B、C三部分获得的观点和信息来帮助你完成写作。
常用表达：
陈述原因和影响：
1．Due to/Because of/As a result of...，short-sightedness has become a serious problem.
2．As a result/Consequently，more and more students...
3．Because...，students...
4．Such problems arise out of/arise from...
5．...is caused by...
提出建议：
1．The situation could be improved if...
2．An effective way to...is...
3．It is my belief that...
4．I am looking forward to...
最近的调查显示，70%的高中生有视力方面的问题。为引起广大青少年的重视，某英语报刊正在开展以“Saving Eyesight”为题的征文活动。请写一篇短文投稿，分析造成青少年近视的原因并提出保护视力的可行建议。
第一步　审题谋篇
[审题]
写作要求是写关于青少年近视的文章，写作时应注意下列几点：
1．确定文体：这是一篇投稿作文。
2．主体时态：文章应以一般现在时为主。
3．主体人称：人称应该以第一、三人称为主。
[谋篇]
本文可以分为三个部分：
第一部分：介绍青少年近视的现状。
第二部分：分析造成近视的原因。
第三部分：提出保护视力的可行性建议。
第二步　遣词造句
[核心词汇]
1．最近的调查a recent survey
2．视力不好poor eyesight
3．常规休息regular breaks
4．盯着…… focus on...
5．采取措施做某事take measures/steps/action to do sth.
6．做眼保健操do eye exercises
7．去户外go outdoors
[连词成句]
1．有一个最近的调查。
There is a recent survey.
2．大约三分之二的高中生视力不好。
About two out of three high school students have poor eyesight.
3．我们花费大量时间读或写。
We spend a large amount of time (in) reading or writing.
4．这让我们的眼睛很难得到常规的休息。
It makes it hard for our eyes to get regular breaks.
5．一些学生有不好的阅读习惯。
Some students have bad reading habits.
6．他们在床上读书，甚至长时间盯着手机屏幕看。
They read in bed or even focus on the phone screen for too much time.
7．看绿树或做眼保健操可以帮助放松我们的眼睛。
Seeing green trees or doing eye exercises can help us relax our eyes.
第三步　句式升级
1．用名词性从句把句1和句2合成一句。
There is a recent survey that about two out of three high school students have poor eyesight.
2．用定语从句把句3和句4合成一句。
We spend a large amount of time (in) reading or writing，which makes it hard for our eyes to get regular breaks.
3．用介词like把句5和句6合成一句。
Some students have bad reading habits like reading in bed or even focusing on the phone screen for too much time.
4．用it作形式主语改写句7。
It’s helpful to relax our eyes by seeing green trees or doing eye exercises.
第四步　组句成篇
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇英语短文。
参考范文
A recent survey has revealed that roughly two out of three high school students have poor eyesight.What has caused the problem
There are various reasons for this.We spend a large amount of time (in) reading or writing，which makes it hard for our eyes to get regular breaks.Additionally，some students have bad reading habits like reading in bed or even focusing on the phone screen for too much time.
So some measures must be taken to protect our eyes.First of all，don’t forget to rest during the middle of our study.What’s more，it’s helpful to relax our eyes by seeing green trees or doing eye exercises.Last but not least，going outdoors and enjoying ourselves in the sun will also be beneficial to us.