2022年中考英语二轮专题复习课件：专题11 非谓语动词（共58张ppt）

(共58张PPT)
第二篇　攻专题 · 能力提升
第一部分　中考语法专题突破
专题十一 非谓语动词
知识网络
非谓
语动
词
1．不定式的功能与用法
考点精析
考点1　动词不定式
功能 用法 举例
主语 位于句首，谓语动词用单数 To drink milk for breakfast is a good habit.＝It is a good habit to drink milk for breakfast.早餐喝牛奶是一个好习惯。
常用it作形式主语
知识精讲
功能 用法 举例
宾语 常见的接动词不定式作宾语的动词(词组)：agree，begin，choose，decide，expect，hate，help，hope，learn，offer，need，plan，prefer，refuse，want，start，wish，would like She wants to be a nurse in the future.将来她想成为一名护士。
功能 用法 举例
宾语 用在think、find等后作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语 I find it hard to work out the problem.我发现解决这个问题很难。
常见的接省略to的动词不定式作宾语的搭配及句型：had better，would rather，Why not... Could you please...？ You had better go at once.你最好马上走。
功能 用法 举例
宾语 补足 语 常见的接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词(组)：advise，allow，ask，encourage，expect，help，teach，tell，want，warn，wish，invite Mr.Black advises me to read English every day.布莱克老师建议我每天读英语。
功能 用法 举例
宾语 补足 语 常见的接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词(词组)：一感(feel)；二听(hear，listen to)；三让(let，make，have)；四看(observe，see，watch，notice)。注意：当这类动词用于被动语态时，作宾补的不定式前要加上to(let 除外) Can you make him stop crying？你能让他别哭吗？
功能 用法 举例
表语 位于系动词后 My dream is to become a teacher.我的梦想是成为一名老师。
定语 动词不定式作定语时，位于被修饰的词之后 It's a good way to learn English.这是一个学英语的好方法。
功能 用法 举例
状语 目的状语 She got up early to catch the school bus.她早起，以便赶上校车。
结果状语 She is old enough to go to school.她足够大了，可以上学了。
原因状语 I'm glad to see you.见到你我很高兴。
2.不定式的常用结构
结构 举例
too... to do sth.太……而不能做……(可与so...that...句型互换) The box is too heavy for him to lift.＝The box is so heavy that he can't lift it.这个箱子太沉了，他抬不起来。
形容词/副词＋enough to do sth.足够……去做某事(可与so...that...句型互换) Tom runs fast enough to catch up with Li Lei.＝Tom runs so fast that he can catch up with Li Lei.汤姆跑得够快，能赶上李雷。
结构 举例
“特殊疑问词＋不定式”在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等。常接“特殊疑问词＋不定式”作宾语的动词(词组)有know、show、teach、tell、find out、learn、forget等 He didn't know how to do it.他不知道如何做这件事。
结构 举例
It is＋形容词＋for/of＋名词/代词＋to do sth.做某事对某人来说太……/某人做某事真是太……了(形容词表示行为者的性格、品质时，其介词用of；形容词表示不定式的动作的性质，则介词用for) It was hard for him to say goodbye.对他来讲，道别很困难。
It was wise of him to take an umbrella.他带了伞真是太明智了。
结构 举例
It's one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事了 It's my turn to tell a story.轮到我讲故事了。
It takes sb.some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多少时间 It usually takes us two hours to do our homework every day.我们每天通常花两个小时做家庭作业。
It is time (for sb.)to do sth.该(某人)做某事的时候了 It is time for us to have a break now.现在我们该休息了。
近几年四川各地中考对不定式的考查在单项选择、完形填空、词汇和句子题中均有涉及，主要考查省略to的不定式、含不定式的固定搭配及句型、“特殊疑问词＋不定式”的用法。判定是否选动词不定式的方法有：
1．根据句法功能判定。
如果题空处所要填的成分在句中作主语、宾语、目的状语等，那么极有可能答案会是动词不定式。
方法突破
【例题】 (2021·重庆B卷)Peter's mother gets up early________ breakfast for him every morning.
A．to make B．making
C．make D．makes
【答案】A
【解析】句意：彼得的妈妈每天早上早起为他准备早餐。分析语境可知，彼得妈妈早起的目的是给彼得做早餐，故用动词不定式作目的状语。
【跟进训练1】 (2021·云南)The earth is in great danger now.We have to do something ___ it.
A．protect B．protecting
C．to protect D．protected
C　
2．根据常见搭配和句式结构判定。
【例题】 (2021·天津)When I was young，my parents taught me ________ older people kindly.
A．treats B．to treat
C．treated D．treat
【答案】B
【解析】分析句子结构可知，空格处所缺内容在句中作taught的宾语补足语，故选不定式to treat。teach sb.to do sth.教某人做某事。
【跟进训练2】 (2021·云南昆明)It is necessary to learn___time and make good use of every minute.
A．to manage B．managing
C．to lose D．losing
【跟进训练3】 It isn’t easy for me __________ (learn) English well.
A　
to learn　
1．动名词的功能与用法
考点2　动名词
功能 用法 举例
主语 谓语动词用单数 Walking is good for our health.步行有利于我们的健康。
表语 动名词作表语时，通常可转换为主语 His hobby is collecting stamps.＝Collecting stamps is his hobby.他的爱好是集邮。
知识精讲
功能 用法 举例
宾语 常见的接动名词作宾语的词组：advise，avoid，mind，consider，enjoy，finish，suggest，practice，be worth，be busy，feel like，give up，can't help He enjoys listening to classical music very much.他非常喜欢听古典音乐。
功能 用法 举例
宾语 一些以介词结尾的动词短语或固定句型中，用动名词作宾语：be interested in，look forward to，think about，succeed in，be good at，keep on，What /How about... Thanks for... She is good at playing the piano.她擅长弹钢琴。
功能 用法 举例
宾语 补足语 常见的接动名词作宾语补足语的动词：keep，see，hear，find，notice Don't keep us waiting for a long time.不要让我们等得太久。
定语 动名词作定语时，常位于被修饰词之后 Do you know the girl standing under the tree？你认识站在树下的那个女孩吗？
功能 用法 举例
状语 伴随状语 The students went out of the classroom，talking and laughing.学生们谈笑着走出了教室。
原因状语 Being so angry，he couldn't go to sleep.他如此生气，没法入睡。
结果状语 His father died，leaving him much money.他的父亲去世了，给他留下许多钱。
时间状语 Hearing the bad news，they couldn't help crying.听到这个坏消息，他们忍不住哭了。
3．感官动词后跟省略to的动词不定式和动名词作宾语补足语的区别
see、watch、notice、hear、feel等感官动词之后接省略to的不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作；接动词-ing形式作宾补，表示动作正在进行。
判定是否选动词-ing形式的方法有：
1．如果题空处所要填的成分在句中作主语、宾语等，答案可能选动词-ing形式。但是，由于动词不定式也可以作主语、宾语等，所以还要结合固定搭配或句式来综合判断，从而选出正确答案。
方法突破
【例题】 (2021·湖南邵阳改编)―How can I improve my pronunciation，Madam
―Keep on ________ and you'll all make progress.
A．practice B．practicing
C．to practice D．practiced
【答案】B
【解析】空格所缺内容在句中作宾语，过去分词在句中不能作宾语，排除D项。keep on保持、继续，后面接动名词作宾语，意为“继续做某事；坚持做某事”。
【跟进训练4】(2020·黑龙江大庆) The teacher told us to pay attention to __________(spell) English words.
2．当遇到谓语动词既可接动名词作宾语，也可接动词不定式作宾语的题目时，要根据语境及关键词确定答案。
spelling　
【例题】 (2021·贵州铜仁)—Look！There are some students ________ basketball on the playground.
—Yes.I often see them ________ basketball there.
A．play；play B．play；playing
C．playing；play D．playing；playing
【答案】C
【解析】第一空所在句子有谓语动词，故题空处要用非谓语动词，在句中作定语，排除A、B两项；see后接非谓语作宾补有两种结构，see sb. do sth.看见某人经常做某事或做某事的全过程，see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事，分析句意“我经常看见他们在那里打篮球”，应该用第一种结构，故选C。
【跟进训练5】(贵州黔南州)Please stop ___ and go out for a walk.Remember ________ warm clothes.
A．to study；wearing B．studying；to wear
C．to study；to wear D．studying；wearing
B　
过去分词的功能与用法
考点3　过去分词
功能 用法 举例
定语 过去分词作定语时，位于被修饰词之后，表示被动意义 Do you like reading novels written by Mark Twain？你喜欢看马克·吐温写的小说吗？
知识精讲
功能 用法 举例
宾语补足语 常见的接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有：have，get，make，watch I'm going to have my car repaired this afternoon.今天下午我打算把我的车送去修理。
状语 过去分词作状语时，表示被动意义 Given more money，we could travel to more countries.如果多给点儿钱，我们可以去更多的国家旅游。
1．如果所填成分作后置定语，同时它与被修饰词又是动宾关系时，那么答案很可能选过去分词。如果所填成分作伴随状语，且表被动时，也选过去分词。
【例题】 The boy ________Joe is one of my classmates.
A．calls B．calling
C．to call D．called
【答案】D
方法突破
【解析】句意：那个名叫乔的男孩是我的一个同学。分析语境可知，空格所缺内容在句中作后置定语，修饰the boy，且二者为逻辑上的动宾关系，故选过去分词作后置定语。
【跟进训练6】The concert ________(give)by Ms.Smith is a great success.
given　
2．根据固定用法来判断。
【例题】 Mom asked me to have the flowers ________.
A．watered B．waters C．water D．watering
【答案】A
【解析】句意：妈妈让我给花浇水。have sth.done是固定搭配，表示“使某事被做”。
【跟进训练7】Miss White spoke in a loud voice to make herself 　_______(hear)．
heard　
1. (2019·泸州)Don't forget to visit your library, and remember ______ ________(感谢) your librarian for his or her help.
2．(2021·泸州)A group of elephants in Yunnan Province have trouble___a proper living place.We should help them.
A．find B．found
C．to find D．finding
四川中考真题精练
D　
to thank　
3．(2020·泸州)Because of COVID-19 in February，the government advised us ___ to the public places less.
A．going B．go
C．to go D．gone
4．(2019·泸州)The 5G network will make it easier for us ___our life.
A．enjoy B．to enjoy
C．enjoyed D．enjoying
C　
B　
5．(2020·达州) Our government tries to do everything they can_____ people live a better life.
A．to help B．help
C．helping D．helped
A　
6．(2021·广元)The boy is crazy about music and we always hear him___ in the music room.
A．to sing B．sings
C．singing D．sing
7．(2021·凉山州)—Hi，Alice！Why are you in such a hurry
—___ my best friend from Canada at the airport.
A．Meet B．Meeting
C．To meet D．Met
D　
C　
8．(2021·遂宁)—My parents don't allow me ___ my phone on school days.
—They are strict.But they always want the best for you.
A．to use B．use
C．using D．used
9．(2020·攀枝花)—Cindy，it's very nice of you___me your car. It helps me a lot.
—It's my pleasure.
A．lend B．to lend
C．lending D．lent
A　
B　
10．(2019·遂宁)These foreigners are practicing ___ Chinese.
A．to speak B．speaking
C．speak D．speaks
11．(2019·宜宾)It is necessary for me ___ to live on my own，such as cooking by myself.
A．to learn B．to be learned
C．learning D．to have learned
B　
A　
12．(2019·宜宾)He enjoys ___ to many places during his summer vacation.
A．travels B．traveling
C．to travel D．to traveling
B　
一、词汇运用。
1．(2020·贵州黔东南州)It's not hard____________(understand) what she says.
2．(2020·湖南常德)The teacher asked Ben ___________(answer) a question in class.
3．(2020·山东聊城改编)“I like_______________(play) volleyball too，” says David.
2022年迎考特训
to understand　
to answer　
playing/to play　
4．(2020·浙江杭州改编)No one in the family has ever studied medicine before—it's so difficult and takes such a long time_______　(study)．
5．(2020·浙江绍兴)They look forward to __________(spend) time there with friends.
to study　
spending
二、单项选择。
1．(2019·江苏泰州)In his e-mail，David promised ___his daughter during her stay in Japan.
A．visiting B．visit
C．visited D．to visit
2．(2021·吉林长春)___myself，I will take up a hobby like painting this summer.
A．Improve B．Improving
C．To improve D．Improved
D　
C　
3．(2021·黑龙江大庆)—English is difficult ___at the beginning.
—Yes，but if you keep ________，you can make progress.
A．to be learned；trying
B．to learn；trying
C．to be learned；to try
D．to learn；to try
B　
4．(2019·湖北孝感)—In my opinion，animals shouldn't be kept for fun.
—I think so.Forests are the best places for animals ___.
A．live B．living
C．to live D．to live in
D　
5．(2019·江苏南京)—Do you have any plans for the holiday
—Yes，I'm planning to travel to Jiuzhaigou.I'm looking forward to ___the colorful lakes and amazing waterfalls.
A．see B．seeing
C．sees D．saw
B　
6．(2019·江苏盐城)Mr.Wu keeps ___his students that the future belongs to the well-educated.
A．telling B．to tell
C．ordering D．to order
7．(2019·贵州安顺)—What a heavy rain!
—So it is.I prefer ___rather than ________on such a rainy day.
A．to go out；staying at home
B．staying at home；go out
C．going out；stay at home
D．to stay at home；go out
A　
D　
8．(2020·江苏泰州)More and more teenagers have poor eyesight，so parents and teachers should take action ___the situation from getting worse.
A．stop B．stopping
C．stopped D．to stop
D　
9．(2021·吉林改编)Mr.White invited me ___the hill with him last weekend.
A．to climb B．climb
C．climbing D．climbed
10．(2021·江苏扬州)In many countries，people put their fingers up to their mouths ___silence.
A．ask for B．asking for
C．to ask for D．asked for
A　
C　
11．(2021·广西柳州)Alice couldn't make herself___attention because her classmates made so much noise.
A．pay B．paid
C．paying D．to pay
12．(2021·甘肃平凉)—Would you like to go out for dinner tonight
—No，I'd rather ___at home.
A．to eat B．eating
C．eat D．ate
A　
C　
13．(2021·江苏苏州)During our holidays，we should avoid ___up at night and oversleeping in the morning.
A．stay B．to stay
C．stayed D．staying
14．(2021·辽宁大连)Don't worry.We will meet next Monday ___the project again.
A．discuss B．discussed
C．discussing D．to discuss
D　
D　
15．(2021·广西贵港)—My grandma is used to ___in the countryside.
—Oh.So is my grandma.
A．live B．lives
C．living D．lived
16．(2020·重庆B卷)We'd better follow the seven-step hand-washing method___healthy.
A．to keep B．keep
C．keeping D．keeps
C　
A　
三、根据中文意思完成句子，一空一词。
1．(2021·辽宁营口)想想为了挽救抹香鲸，我们能做些什么？
Let's think about what we can do_____ ______sperm whales.
2．我喜欢与我的朋友分享我的快乐。
I enjoy_________my happiness ______ my friends.
to save　
sharing with
3．你介意开一下窗吗？
Would you ______ _________ the window
4．你应该更细心，以避免犯同样的错误。
You should be more careful___ _______making the same mistake.
5．(2021·辽宁盘锦改编)越来越多的人想成为志愿者。
More and more people want____ _____volunteers.
mind opening
to avoid
to be