(共82张PPT)
第二篇 攻专题 · 能力提升
第一部分 中考语法专题突破
专题十二 句子的分类（一）
知识网络
句子的
分类(一)
句子的
分类(一)
1．一般疑问句
考点精析
考点1 疑问句
概念 形式
能用yes或no来回答的疑问句叫作一般疑问句 Be动词＋主语＋其他？
情态动词＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？
助动词＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？
知识精讲
2．特殊疑问句
概念 用法
用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫作特殊疑问句，不能用yes或no来回答 who询问人物
what询问物品、职业或身份
which询问特定范围内的人或物
whose询问所属
when询问时间
where询问地点或位置
why询问原因
how询问方式、状况等
3.选择疑问句
概念 形式
对问题给出两个或两个以上答案，供对方选择其一的疑问句 一般疑问句＋or＋选择项？
特殊疑问句，选择项＋or＋选择项？
(1)which表示在两者之间选择时，常与比较级连用；表示在三者或三者以上之间选择时，常与最高级连用。
(2)选择疑问句不用yes或no作答，常用完整的陈述句或简略形式作答，也可用both、either、neither或none作答。◇—Which movie do you like best，Wolf Warrior 2，Operation Red Sea or Dying to Survive？你最喜欢哪部电影，《战狼2》《红海行动》还是《我不是药神》？—Wolf Warrior 2.《战狼2》。
4．反意疑问句
(1)定义及句式
反意疑问句是附加在陈述句后的简单问句，又称附加疑问句。反意疑问句遵循“三同一反”原则。所谓“三同一反”原则，即人称相同、助动词相同、时态相同、意义相反(前肯后否或前否后肯)。它的常见句式如下表：
句式结构 举例
否定陈述句＋肯定疑问句？ —You don't like rock music，do you？你不喜欢摇滚乐，对吗？—Yes，I do.不，我喜欢。/No，I don't.是的，我不喜欢。
肯定陈述句＋否定疑问句？ —You like rock music，don't you？你喜欢摇滚乐，不是吗？—Yes，I do.是的，我喜欢。/No，I don't.不，我不喜欢。
句式结构 举例
Let's ＋祈使句，shall we？ Let's go hiking，shall we？我们去远足吧，好吗？
肯定祈使句，will/won't you？ Do me a favour，will/won't you？帮我一下，好吗？
否定祈使句，will you？ Don't laugh at others，will you？不要嘲笑别人，好吗？
(2)用法
①当陈述部分有否定词no、nothing、nobody、never等或半否定词few、seldom、hardly、rarely、little等时，疑问部分用肯定形式。◇He is never late for school，is he？他上学从不迟到，是吗？
②陈述部分谓语是used to时，疑问部分用“didn't/usedn't＋主语”。◇He used to take pictures there，didn't/usedn't he？他过去常常在那儿拍照，是吗？
③Let's开头的祈使句，改为反意疑问句时用shall we；Let us 开头的祈使句，则用will you。
④陈述部分的谓语含有带否定前缀dis-、un-、im-或否定后缀-less的词(dislike、discourage、unfair、untrue、unable、useless等)，仍按肯定句处理，其疑问部分一般用否定式。
⑤陈述部分主语是I时，疑问部分要用aren't I。
⑥陈述部分主语是指示代词that、this或不定代词everything、nothing等时，疑问部分主语用it。◇Everything is ready，isn't it？一切都准备好了，是吗？
⑦陈述部分主语是someone、somebody、anyone、anybody、everyone、everybody、no one、nobody等指人的不定代词时，其疑问部分的主语可以是they，也可以是泛指第三人称单数的he。
⑧陈述部分是there be结构时，疑问部分用there，省略主语。◇There's not much news in today's newspaper，is there 今天的报纸上没有什么新闻，是吗？
⑨陈述部分含有宾语从句时，疑问部分的主语应与主句的主语保持一致。但当主句是I think、 I believe、 I suppose、 I expect、 I imagine等结构时，疑问部分的主语和谓语动词应与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致。
(3)反意疑问句的回答
对反意疑问句的回答，无论问题的提法如何，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes；事实是否定的，就要用no。但是，当陈述部分为否定形式时，其答语翻译成中文意思刚好相反，这种回答的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。
1．一般疑问句的考查相对简单，学生在做相关题目时，要注意根据问句的主语的人称和数、谓语动词的形式和时态、时间状语等确定正确的引导词。
【例题】 (2021·湖北鄂州)—________ the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) founded in 1921
—Yes，and it's her 100th birthday this year.
A．Is B．Was
C．Has D．Have
方法突破
【答案】B
【解析】问句句意：中国共产党是在1921年成立的吗？根据时间状语in 1921可知，句子时态为一般过去时，故选was。
【跟进训练1】 Tom will tell his friends something about the new movie. (改为一般疑问句)
______ Tom_______his friends anything about the new movie
Will tell
2．在做特殊疑问句的相关题目时，首先要清楚每个疑问词(组)的含义及用法，然后再明确题干中需要询问的对象，最后确定答案。
【例题】 (2021·山东滨州)—________do you think we can finish the report
—Perhaps in one more hour.
A．How long B．How much
C．How soon D．How often
【答案】C
【解析】how long多长、多久，对物品长度或一段时间提问；how much多少、多少钱，对不可数名词的数量或物品价格提问；how soon多久以后，对将来的时间提问；how often多久一次，对频率提问。由答语“Perhaps in one more hour.”可知选C。
【跟进训练2】 (2021·福建改编)—___do you play sports，Ella
—Every day.It's necessary for us to play sports an hour a day at school.
A．How much B．How often
C．How long D．How soon
B
3．选择疑问句的考查点主要体现在两个方面：(1)选择疑问句中用or连接最后两个备选项。(2)考查答语。当选择疑问句考查答语时，要注意根据备选项的个数以及答语的前后语境判断出正确答案。
【例题】 (2021·湖南邵阳改编)―Does Lisa come from the US ________ the UK
―Sorry，I don't know.
A．and B．or
C．but D．so
【答案】B
【解析】问句句意：莉萨来自美国还是英国？问句是一个选择疑问句，用or连接选择的对象。
【跟进训练3】 (2021·湖北黄石)— Which dress do you prefer，the red one or the green one
—___.I like blue.
A．Any B．Either
C．Neither D．Both
C
4．在做反意疑问句的题目时，要始终坚持“前肯后否，前否后肯”的原则。
【例题】 (甘肃天水)—You didn't find the owner of the books，did you
—________.So I gave them to our teacher.
A．No，I did B．Yes，I didn't
C．No，I didn't D．Yes，I did
【答案】C
【解析】A、B两项搭配错误，排除。问句的陈述部分为否定形式，此时其答语中的yes意为“不”，no意为“是”。由答语后一句可知，没有找到书的主人，故选No，I didn't(是的，我没找到)。
【跟进训练4】Sally is never late for school，____ ________？(完成反意疑问句)
is she
祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。
1．肯定的祈使句
(1)动词原形＋其他．◇Stand up，please.＝Please stand up.请起立。
(2)Be＋adj.！◇Be careful！＝Look out！＝Take care! 小心/当心！
(3)Let's＋动词原形＋其他．◇Let's go to school together.咱们一起上学去吧。
考点2 祈使句
知识精讲
2．否定的祈使句
(1)Don't/Never＋动词原形＋其他．◇Don't stand up.别站起来。
(2)Let's/Let sb.＋not＋动词原形＋其他．◇Let them not play with fire.别让他们玩火。
(3)No＋动词-ing形式/名词！◇No photos！禁止拍照！
考查祈使句的题比较简单，只要考生正确分析句意，就可以比较容易地判断出试题考查的是哪一种祈使句句型。
【例题】(河南)________ everyone with politeness，even those who are very rude to you，not because they are nice，but because you are.
A．Treat B．Treating
C．Treated D．To treat
方法突破
【答案】A
【解析】句意：礼貌对待每一个人，即使是那些对你无礼的人，这么做不是因为他们人好，而是因为你人好。who引导的是定语从句，所以who前面的是主句，而一个句子不能缺少谓语动词，动词原形可以作谓语，且这个句子是提出建议，为祈使句，综上所述，选A。
【跟进训练5】(2019·广西桂林)___ me an email before you come to Hohhot，and I'll meet you at the train station.
A．Send B．Sending
C．To send D．Sent
A
考点3 感叹句
引导词 结构 举例
What What＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数(＋主语＋谓语)！ What a beautiful present(it is)！多么漂亮的一件礼物啊！
What＋形容词＋可数名词复数(＋主语＋谓语)！ What interesting books(they are)！多么有趣的书啊！
What＋形容词＋不可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)！ What nice music(it is)！多么美妙的音乐！
知识精讲
引导词 结构 举例
How How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！ How fine the weather is！天气真好啊！
How well he plays the violin! 他小提琴拉得多好啊！
How＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数(＋主语＋谓语)！ How beautiful a garden it is！这个花园真美啊！
How＋主语＋谓语！ How time flies！时光飞逝！
感叹句的构成： 感叹句并不难，what或how摆在前。强调名词用what，强调形、副要用how。名词若是可数单，前带冠词a或an。主语、谓语放在后，省略也是很常见。
对感叹句的考查，一般要求选引导词how还是what。判断的依据是：what修饰名词，how修饰形容词、副词。
【例题】(2020·湖北随州)通往成功的道路是多么艰难！
________difficult the road to ________is!
【答案】How; success
方法突破
【解析】根据中文意思可知，这是一个感叹句。此感叹句的中心词是形容词difficult，所以用how来引导感叹句；the road to success通往成功的道路，这是一个固定搭配。
【跟进训练6】(2021·辽宁盘锦改编)This movie moved me to tears.___ touching the movie was!
A．What a B．How a
C．How D．What
C
为了强调或平衡句子结构，英语中常用倒装。倒装有全部倒装和部分倒装。全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词置于主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则须添加助动词do、does或did等，并将其置于主语之前。现将倒装句分类讲解如下：
考点4 倒装句
知识精讲
分类 举例
neither、nor代替上文内容，位于句首时，后边的内容部分倒装 Tom won't go to the party，neither will I．汤姆不去参加聚会，我也不去。
here、there置于句首且主语为名词时，全部倒装 Here comes the bus！公共汽车来了！
so 代替上文的内容，位于句首时，后边的内容部分倒装 Tom will go to the party，so will I．汤姆将要去参加聚会，我也要参加。
分类 举例
not only...but also句型结构中not only 放在句首，后接句子时要部分倒装 Not only did Tom buy a book，but also I bought one.不止汤姆买了一本书，我也买了一本。
only置于句首，强调方式状语、条件状语、地点状语、时间状语等部分时，主句要进行部分倒装 Only then did I know the importance of English.那时我才知道英语的重要性。
做倒装句的相关试题时可用以下方法：
1．认准标志词。如“only＋状语”置于句首时，主句用部分倒装；not only引导的句子位于句首，那么该句用部分倒装。
2．分析题干的句意，确定是否用倒装结构以及使用肯定还是否定的倒装结构。
方法突破
【例题】Only when you realize the importance of foreign languages ________ them well.
A．you can learn B．can you learn
C．you learned D．did you learn
【答案】B
【解析】这个句子以“only＋状语”开头，所以句子要用部分倒装，排除A、C两项；when引导的时间状语从句为一般现在时，主句不用过去时，排除D项。
【跟进训练7】彼得喜欢物理，我也喜欢。
Peter likes physics，____ _____I.
so do
1．There be句型
(1)There be句型与have的区别：There be表示存在，have表所属关系。两者不能同时使用在一个句子中。
(2)There be句型遵循“就近原则”：be动词的单复数形式要跟there be之后的第一个名词的数保持一致，如果第一个名词是单数或不可数名词，be动词用is/was；如果第一个名词是复数，用are/were。
考点5 There be句型和主谓一致
知识精讲
(3)There be sb.doing sth.＋地点/时间：某人在某地/某时做某事。
(4)There be句型的时态：there be句型时态的变化均体现在be动词上。
(5)There be句型变为一般疑问句时，把be动词提至句首。
(6)There be句型的时态及其肯定句句型结构
时态 句型结构
一般现在时 There is/are...
一般过去时 There was/were...
一般将来时 There will be...
There is/are going to be...
现在完成时 There have/has been...
2.主谓一致
(1)语法一致原则
主语 谓语 举例
可数名词单数或不可数名词 单数 The coffee is too hot.这咖啡太烫了。
My book is on the desk.我的书在桌子上。
复合不定代词 单数 Is there anything wrong with your bike？你的自行车出什么问题了吗？
Somebody wants to see you.有人想见你。
主语 谓语 举例
each/every/either/neither＋单数名词 单数 Each girl has been invited to the tea party.每个女孩都被邀请参加过茶话会。
Neither answer is right.两个答案都不对。
one/each/either/every one＋of＋复数名词或代词 单数 Every one of the students is studying hard.每个学生都在用功学习。
One of the girls has been to America.其中一个女孩去过美国。
主语 谓语 举例
动词不定式、动名词或从句 单数 Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。
That he has many friends is a good thing.他有许多朋友是件好事。
a kind/pair/glass of... 单数 There is a pair of shoes under the bed.床下有一双鞋。
more than one＋单数名词 单数 More than one student has seen the film.不止一个学生看过这部电影。
主语 谓语 举例
复数名词或代词 复数 The boys play football after school.男孩们放学后踢足球。
both/all＋ (of＋)复数名词或代词 复数 Both my parents are doctors.我父母都是医生。
All of the students enjoy listening to music.所有学生都喜欢听音乐。
none/neither of＋复数名词或代词 单数或 复数 None of them has/have finished the work.他们当中没有人完成了这项工作。
主语 谓语 举例
and或both... and...连接的并列主语 复数 Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop.店里有咖啡和啤酒出售。
the number of＋复数名词 单数 The number of the students in our school is over three thousand.我校学生的人数超过3000。
a number of＋ 复数名词 复数 A number of famous people were invited to the party.许多名人被邀请参加聚会。
主语 谓语 举例
名词或代词＋with/along with/together with/as well as/like/but/except/besides/including/rather than＋名词或代词 与前一 个名词 或代词 的数保 持一致 The teacher with some students is going to see a film.老师和一些学生要去看电影。
Mr.Brown as well as his two children likes swimming very much.布朗先生和他的两个孩子都非常喜欢游泳。
All the students except Mike have come.除了迈克，所有的学生都来了。
主语 谓语 举例
some/a lot/lots/plenty/most/all/half/the rest＋of＋名词 与of后 的名词 的数保 持一致 Some of the students are from Shanghai.一些学生来自上海。
Some of the water is polluted.一些水被污染了。
分数/百分数＋of＋名词 与名词 的数保 持一致 Two fifths of these students are boys.五分之二的学生是男生。
(2)意义一致原则
主语 谓语 举例
以-s结尾的学科名称、书名、国名、人名 单数 Physics is difficult for me to learn.物理对我来说很难学。
The United States was founded in 1776.美国成立于1776年。
指同一个人或事物的并列结构 单数 The singer and dancer has been invited to the party.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加晚会。
主语 谓语 举例
前后名词均有each/every/no等修饰的并列结构作主语 单数 Every desk and every chair in the classroom is new.教室里每张桌子和每把椅子都是新的。
数学四则运算 单数 Three times three is nine.3乘3等于9。
Seven and six makes thirteen.
7加6等于13。
时间、距离、重量、数目、价格、长度 单数 Ten miles isn't a long distance.10英里并不是一段很长的距离。
Three years isn't a short time.三年的时间不算短。
主语 谓语 举例
people、police、cattle(牛)、clothes等集体名词 复数 Most people think so.大多数人都这样认为。
The police are looking for the missing child.警察正在寻找走失的小孩。
family、team、class、group、government、company、crowd等表示整体时 单数 My family is a small one with three people.我家是一个只有三口人的小家庭。
主语 谓语 举例
family强调成员时 复数 My family all like classical music.我全家都喜欢古典音乐。
“the＋国籍形容词”表示某国人 复数 The Chinese have been making paper for over 2,000 years.中国人造纸已有两千多年的历史。
“the＋形容词”表示某类人 复数 The rich are not always happy.富人并不总是快乐的。
主语 谓语 举例
population、the public表示概念 单数 The population of this village is larger than that of that one.
这个村子里的人口比那个村子的人口多。
population等 强调具体的个体时 单、复 数均可 Three fifths of the population here is/are workers.这里五分之三的人口是工人。
(3)就近一致原则
主语 谓语 举例
...or.../either...or.../neither...nor.../not only... but also.../not...but...连接的并列主语 与后一个主语的单复数保持一致 Not only the doctor but also the nurses are worried about the young man.不仅医生，就连护士们都担心那个年轻人。
Neither his children nor he himself wants to go there.他的孩子还有他本人都不想去那里。
主语 谓语 举例
There/Here be ... 与最近的主语的单复数保持一致 Here is a letter and some flowers for you.这里有给你的一封信和一些鲜花。
There are some factories and a school in my hometown.在我的家乡有几家工厂和一所学校。
1．考查主谓一致的题多半是让考生选择正确的谓语动词，所以在做题时首先找到主语，然后分析主语表示的是单数含义还是复数含义，最后根据具体的语境明确答案。
方法突破
【例题】 (2021·辽宁营口)One thousand kilometers ________ quite a long way to the ancient，but now we can complete the journey in about one hour by air.
A．was B．had
C．were D．have
【答案】A
【解析】句意：1000千米对古人来说是一段相当长的路程，但是现在我们坐飞机大约一个小时就可以完成这段路程。空格处表示“是”，排除B、D两项；当表示距离的词组作主语时，看作一个整体，谓语用第三人称单数形式，故选A。
【跟进训练8】The twins ____ (be)fond of the new idea in the magazine article.
are
2．解答考查there be句型的题时，首先要注意there be句型中不能出现have，然后根据“就近原则”看空后的名词形式，从而决定be动词的形式。
【例题】 (2019·湖南湘西州改编)—There ________ a book sale in our school.Would you like to have a look with me
—Sure.I'd love to.
A．is B．have
C．are D．has
【答案】A
【解析】题干是there be句型，there be句型与have、has不能同时出现在一个句子中，排除B、D项；主语a book sale是单数，故be动词用is。
【跟进训练9】(2020·江苏宿迁)—Mom，I'm hungry.
—There___ some biscuits on the table. Enjoy them，please.
A．is B．are
C．has D．have
B
1．(2021·乐山)—There ___a basketball game against Class Two this Sunday.
—I see.I will come and cheer you on.
A．will have B．is going to be
C．is going to have
B
四川中考真题精练
2．(2021·凉山州改编)—Ivy，___hard you are working!
—The more hard-working we are，the luckier we will be.
A．how B．what
C．what a D．what an
3．(2020·遂宁)Tom hardly eats breakfast，___
A．isn't he B．is he
C．doesn't he D．does he
A
D
4．(2020·达州)—It was the Dragon Boat Festival last Sunday. I drove to the Lianhua Lake to watch the boat races. How exciting!
—___，but I didn't see you there.
A．So I did B．So did I
C．So do I D．Neither did I
B
5．(2020·凉山州)When I want to go out to play with my friend，my mother always says，“___at home.Don't waste your time.”
A．Stay B．Stays
C．To stay D．Staying
6．(2019·攀枝花)—___ story you've told us!
—Thank you.
A．What funny B．What a funny
C．How funny D．How a funny
A
B
7．(2019·凉山州)—What's in the picture on the wall
—There ___ a teacher and some students playing soccer on the playground.
A．has B．are
C．is D．have
C
8．(2019·巴中)—___ is the best movie theater to go to
—Town Cinema.
A．How far B．What
C．Where D．When
9．(2020·达州)—_____ is your school from your home, Gina
—Only ten minutes’ walk.
A．How long B．How far
C．How many D．How soon
B
B
10．(达州改编)It’s a wonderful show at the closing ceremony of the 2018 Winter Olympics.(改为感叹句)
______ ___wonderful show at the closing ceremony of the 2018 Winter Olympics!
11．(2020·达州)David can hardly speak Chinese. (改为反意疑问句)
David can hardly speak Chinese, _____ _____
12．(达州)The little girl put her things on the floor.(改为一般疑问句)
_____the little girl _____ her things on the floor
What a
can he
Did put
一、单项选择。
1．(2021·湖南湘西州改编)—___is it from your home to school
—It's about 30 minutes' walk.
A．How far B．How long
C．How often D．How soon
2022年迎考特训
A
2．(2020·湖北鄂州)—She's never heard of Abing，___ she
—________.She said that his piece，Erquan Yingyue was her favorite music.
A．is；Yes，she is
B．has；Yes，she has
C．hasn't；No，she hasn't
D．isn't；No，she isn't
B
3．(2019·甘肃兰州)In the near future，there ___self-driving cars in our city.
A．is B．was
C．are D．will be
4．(2019·山东青岛)___special classes we had! We have learned a lot about paper cutting.
A．What B．What a
C．How a D．How
D
A
5．(2019·黑龙江龙东地区改编)___of the couple likes playing the instruments.But ________of them can play the violin well.
A．Either；both B．Both；either
C．Either；neither D．Both；neither
6．(2019·广东)___smart the driverless car is! I really want to have one.
A．What B．What a
C．What an D．How
C
D
7．(2021·江苏扬州)—Which color do you like，red or blue
—___.I like green.
A．Either B．Both
C．Neither D．None
8．(2021·内蒙古包头)—When shall I come to your home，in the morning or afternoon
—___.I'll be in all day.
A．Either B．Neither
C．None D．Another
C
A
9．(2021·湖北襄阳)—___nice weather it is to go hiking！Would you like to go with me
—Good idea！Let's go.
A．How a B．How
C．What a D．What
10．(2021·辽宁营口)—Look！The kids are playing on the playground.
—___great time they are having!
A．What B．How
C．What a D．How a
D
C
11．(2021·辽宁大连)___at people when you talk.This is a polite way of communication in China.
A．Look B．Looking
C．To look D．Looked
12．(2021·黑龙江齐齐哈尔改编)—We all know that the 24th Winter Olympics will be held in Beijing.
—That's true.___exciting news it is!
A．What B．How
C．What an D．How an
A
A
13．(2021·湖北荆州)—___do you usually start doing your homework
—Right after I finish dinner.
A．When B．Where
C．What D．Why
14．(2021·江苏南通)—___does May look like
—She is a pretty girl with big bright eyes and long straight hair.
A．How B．What
C．Which D．Who
A
B
15．(2021·黑龙江龙东地区)—It seems impolite to ask direct questions，___
—Yes，but I think it's OK to your close friends.
A．does it B．doesn't it
C．isn't it D．is it
B
二、按要求完成句子，一空一词。
1．(2019·重庆A卷)His grandparents live in_Shanghai.(对画线部分提问)
_______ _____his grandparents live
2．(2020·重庆B卷)Uncle Zhu is making a_vegetable_salad for dinner now.(对画线部分提问)
______ _____Uncle Zhu making for dinner now
Where do
What is
3．(2020·重庆B卷)She often reads with her daughter in the evening.(改为否定句)
She _______ often _______with her daughter in the evening.
4．(2020·重庆A卷)The dictionary cost him 120 yuan.(对画线部分提问)
______ _______did the dictionary cost him
doesn’t read
How much
5．(2019·甘肃天水)The concert will start in_half_an_hour.(对画线部分提问)
______ _______ will the concert start
6．(2021·重庆)It's about_3_kilometers from the school to the park. (对画线部分提问)
______ ______is it from the school to the park
How soon
How far (共53张PPT)
第二篇 攻专题 · 能力提升
第一部分 中考语法专题突破
专题十三 句子的分类（二）
知识网络
句子的分类(二)
句子的分类(二)
初中阶段常考的状语从句有以下几种：
1．时间状语从句
时间状语从句常用when、as、while、before、after、since、till、until、as soon as等连词来引导。
考点精析
考点1 状语从句
知识精讲
(1)when引导的时间状语从句中，动作可以是延续的，也可以是瞬间的；while引导的时间状语从句中，动作须为延续性的，且常用进行时态。◇When I arrived at school，it was raining heavily.当我到达学校的时候，正下着很大的雨。While I was doing my homework，my father was watching TV.当我在写作业的时候，我的父亲在看电视。
(2)在时间状语从句里，常用一般现在时态表示将来。◇I'll ring you up as soon as I get to Beijing.我一到北京就会给你打电话。
(3)如果主句是祈使句或主句中有情态动词，从句要用一般现在时态表示将来。
(4)since引导的时间状语从句，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。
(5)until表动作一直持续到某时，动作为延续性动作，not...until表“直到……才……”，表示直到某个时间某个动作才发生。◇We won't play basketball until Eric comes.直到埃里克来了我们才会打篮球。He slept until 9:00 this morning.他今天早上睡到9点。
2．条件状语从句
条件状语从句通常由if、unless引导，unless常可以与if ...not互换，表示“除非；如果不”。
(1)在条件状语从句里，常用一般现在时态表示将来。◇I'll help you with your English if I am free tomorrow.如果明天我有空的话，我会帮助你学习英语。
(2)“祈使句，and/or＋陈述句．”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语的句子。◇Hurry up，or you'll be late./If you don't hurry up，you'll be late.快点，否则你要迟到了。
3．目的状语从句
目的状语从句通常由so that、in order that引导。
(1)so that引导目的状语从句时，从句中的谓语常含有情态动词can、could、may、might等。◇Tom ran very fast so that he could catch the bus.汤姆跑得很快以便能赶上公共汽车。
(2)in order that 引导的从句有时可以与in order to结构转换。◇We used the computer in order that we might save time/in order to save time.为了节约时间，我们使用电脑。
4．原因状语从句
原因状语从句通常由because、since、as引导。
(1)because表示直接原因，语气最强。且why引导的问句只能用because回答；since指分析后的原因，读者有所了解，语气较弱；as表示读者了解的原因，可译为“正如……”，语气较弱。
(2)because不能和连词so用在一个句子里。
5．让步状语从句
让步状语从句常由although、though、even though、even if等连词引导。◇Though he is young，he knows a lot.尽管他很年轻，他知道很多事情。
6．结果状语从句
结果状语从句通常由so that、so/such...that...引导。◇He is so excited that he can't fall asleep.他太兴奋了，无法入睡。注意so that引导结果状语从句时，大多不用情态动词。◇It's too hot so that we turn on the air conditioner.天气太热了，所以我们开了空调。
考生在做状语从句的练习题时应先掌握以下四点：各种状语从句的从属连词有哪些；同一种状语从句中从属连词的区别；同一个从属连词在多种状语从句中的运用；时间状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则。
方法突破
【例题】(2021·甘肃平凉)If I’m available tomorrow afternoon，I ________ (visit) the city museum with my brother.
【答案】will visit
【解析】本句是含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句。其时态遵循“主将从现”原则。空处是主句的谓语，根据从句中的tomorrow afternoon可知，应用一般将来时，故填will visit。
【跟进训练1】 (2021·贵州安顺改编)Jason will go to visit his grandparents ___ he finishes his work this weekend.
A．unless B．though
C．if D．since
C
1．宾语从句的引导词
考点2 宾语从句
引导词及用法 举例
that作引导词，无实际意义，有时可省略。从句结构完整，为陈述语气 She said (that) she was good at dancing.她说她擅长跳舞。
知识精讲
引导词及用法 举例
if/whether作引导词，从句由一般疑问句转化而来，为疑问语气 I wonder if/whether you have been to Beijing.我想知道你是否去过北京。
疑问代词(what/whom/who/which等)作引导词，引导词在句中充当成分(如主语、宾语、定语等)，为疑问语气 Tom asked what Lucy wanted to buy.汤姆问露西想买什么。
疑问副词(when/where/why/how等)作引导词，引导词在句中作状语，为疑问语气 Tom asked where my brother had gone.汤姆问我哥哥去哪儿了。
2．宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序均为陈述句语序，即“连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他部分”。
3．宾语从句的时态
时态 举例
当主句为一般现在时态或祈使句时，从句根据实际情况选用时态 I wonder if/whether you have been to Beijing.我想知道你是否去过北京。
时态 举例
当主句为一般过去时态时，从句须用过去对应的某种时态 She said (that) she was good at dancing.她说她擅长跳舞。
当从句叙述的是客观真理、规律等时，从句用一般现在时态 Tom said that light travels much faster than sound.汤姆说光比声音传播得快。
4.“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语
在宾语从句中，从句主语与主句主语一致时，可以将从句变为“疑问词＋to do”的结构。◇I don't know how I can get to the bus stop.→I don't know how to get to the bus stop.我不知道怎么去公交车站。
宾语从句主要的考查点是：时态、语序和引导词。考生可以牢记下面这个小口诀，以方便答题时快速作出选择。
宾语从句三注意，时态、语序、引导词；主句一般现在时，从句无须受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述转化that引，一般疑问用if/whether定；特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。
方法突破
【例题】(2020·北京)—Do you know ________？
—At 9:00 tomorrow morning.
A．when the video meeting began
B．when did the video meeting begin
C．when the video meeting will begin
D．when will the video meeting begin
【答案】C
【解析】句意：“你知道视频会议什么时候开始吗？”“明天上午九点。”问句是一个含宾语从句的复合句。宾语从句的语序应该为陈述句语序，因此排除B和D两项；根据答语“At 9:00 tomorrow morning.”可知询问的是将来的事，用一般将来时，故选C。
【跟进训练2】 (2021·广西柳州改编)—Hi，Shirley！Could you tell me ___
—Sure.I usually go to work at 7：00A．m.
A．when do you go to work
B．how you go to work
C．when you go to work
D．how do you go to work
C
1．定语从句的概念
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
2．先行词
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。(代词惯指人称代词与不定代词)
考点3 定语从句
知识精讲
3．关系代词的选择
定语从句中关系代词的选择，通常取决于主句中的先行词和它在从句中充当的成分。关系代词作宾语时，可省略。
先行词 作主语 作宾语 作定语
人 that，who that，who，whom whose
物 that，which that，which whose
拓展：(1)关系代词只用that的几种情况
①先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词要用that。
②当先行词为everything、anything、nothing、all、much、none、few、little等不定代词或先行词被all、every、no、some、any、little、much、few等修饰时，关系代词只能用that。
③当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、the only、the last、the same、the very等修饰时，关系代词只能用that。
(2)关系代词只用which的几种情况
①在非限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物时，关系代词一般只能用which。
②当引导词前有介词，且先行词指物时，关系代词只能用which。
4．关系副词的用法
关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
关系副词 用法
when 表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词是表示时间的名词(year、season、day等)
where 表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词是表示地点的名词(place、room、school等)
why 表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词只有表示原因的reason
5.定语从句中的主谓一致
(1)关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词保持一致。
(2)在“one of＋复数名词＋关系代词＋从句”结构中，从句谓语动词用复数形式；而在“the (only/right) one of＋复数名词＋关系代词＋从句”结构中，从句谓语动词用单数形式。
首先，确定关系代词是指人还是指物。然后，根据关系代词在句中所作的成分来确定到底用哪个关系代词。最后，看看有无只能用that或者which的特殊情况。
方法突破
【例题】 (2021·山东滨州)In my opinion，of all the books，this is the only one ________is well worth reading.
A．who B．that
C．whom D．what
【答案】B
【解析】分析句子结构可知，此处考查定语从句的关系词。关系词在定语从句中作主语，且先行词被the only修饰，故关系代词只能用that。
【跟进训练3】 (2021·辽宁朝阳)—Have you heard of the story of Mulan
—Of course.Mulan is a brave girl ___ her father's place to fight in the army.
A．whom take B．that take
C．which takes D．who takes
D
1．(2020·泸州)—Mary，could you tell me___the pencil box
—Oh，yes.I bought it in a store on the Internet.
A．where you bought
B．when you will buy
C．when did you buy
D．where will you buy
四川中考真题精练
A
2．(2019·泸州)I'm expecting ___.
A．how my high school life will be like
B．how will my high school life be like
C．what my high school life will be like
D．what will my high school life be like
C
3．(2021·凉山州)—Excuse me, could you please tell me ____
—There is a bookstore on the third floor. You can buy it there.
A．when I can buy the book Harry Potter
B．how I can get to the bookstore
C．if there’s a bookstore near here
D．where I can buy the book Harry Potter
D
4．(2021·乐山改编)—Do you like this weekly talk show on CCTV
—Sure. It’s a great TV programm_____brings the habit of reading to the public.
A．who B．that C．what
B
5．(2019·达州)—Jeff, could you tell me if it____tomorrow. If it________tomorrow，I will stay at home.
—It’s reported that it will be sunny. Let’s go camping on the Fenghuang mountain.
A．rain；rain B．rains；rains
C．will rain；rains D．will rain；will rain
C
6．(2019·达州)—Frank, look! Who are the children under the tree _____waiting in a line
—They are the students from No.1 Primary School.
A．that are B．where are
C．which is D．who is
A
7．(2021·达州改编)—I wonder if Li Hua ____ to the hospital to receive the vaccination(疫苗接种)．
—I'm sure he will if he________ time.
A．goes；will have B．will go；has
C．will go；will have D．goes；has
B
8．(2021·达州)—Could you tell me ___ kind of movies you like best
—Umm...I like the movies ________ make me laugh.
A．what；which B．what；what
C．which；what D．which；where
A
9．(2020·达州)—Did you notice ___ in his office
—Yes，he was going over our homework.
A．what Mr. Li was doing
B．how was Mr. Li doing
C．how Mr. Li was doing
D．what Mr. Li is doing
A
10．(2020·成都)The book ___cover has a beautiful picture is Lily's.
A．which B．whose
C．that
11．(2019·德阳)—Excuse me，could you tell me ___ to get to a nearby bank
—Go along this street and you will see a bank.
A．why B．where
C．how D．when
B
C
一、单项选择。
1．(2021·湖北鄂州)—Yuan Longping is a hero___is known for developing hybrid rice(杂交水稻)．
—Yes.He is a great man.
A．which B．whom
C．what D．that
2022年迎考特训
D
2．(2021·湖北鄂州)—Could you tell me___for the coming holidays
—Sorry，I have no idea.
A．where are you going B．where you go
C．where you are going D．where you went
3．(2021·黑龙江哈尔滨改编)—I wonder if you ___us for the English party tomorrow.
—If I ________free，I will go with you.
A．will join；am B．will join；will be
C．join；am D．join；will be
C
A
4．(2021·湖北黄冈)—I think it's difficult to write the book report in two days.I really don't know ___.
—Plan your time properly，and you can make it.
A．why I have to do it
B．when will I finish it
C．how I can do it
D．if can I finish it
C
5．(2021·吉林长春)I will never forget the people ___helped me a lot during my hard time.
A．which B．who
C．whose D．whom
6．(2021·辽宁营口)—I will go swimming this afternoon，Daming.
—If you go，so ___I.
A．will B．do
C．am D．have
B
A
7．(2021·贵州铜仁)—Do you know the boy ___hand-writing won the first in the competition
—Oh，he is Wang Wei，our monitor.
A．who B．whose
C．whom D．which
8．(2019·甘肃敦煌)I wonder ___Tom had a good time having a picnic yesterday.
A．that B．if C．what D．which
B
B
9．(2020·湖北黄冈)—Do you know the girl___is giving the speech
—Of course.She is my best friend，Meimei.
A．which B．who
C．whom D．what
B
10．(2020·湖北黄冈)—What did Lily say to you just now，Emma
—She wanted to know___.
A．what will I do this Sunday
B．who did I play volleyball with just now
C．why I am late for class this morning
D．if I could go shopping with her tonight
D
11．(2020·江苏无锡)I have to say that's a wonderful plan.But I wonder ___.Next month Or next year We don't have that much time，I'm afraid.
A．how soon it will be carried out
B．how long it will be carried out
C．how soon will it be carried out
D．how long will it be carried out
A
12．(2020·江苏盐城)—Mr.Wu，can you tell me___
—We get together and eat mooncakes.
A．why do you like the Chinese New Year best
B．how do you celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival
C．how Chinese people celebrate the Chinese New Year
D．what Chinese people usually do on the Mid-Autumn Festival
D
13．(2020·黑龙江哈尔滨改编)—What are they talking about
—They are talking about the greatest inventions___ have made a big difference to our daily life.
A．which B．who
C．that D．what
C
二、按要求完成句子，一空一词。
1．(2021·湖北荆州)我还是个孩子的时候就有这些毛绒玩具了。(since)
I've had these soft toys______ I_____a child.
2．(2021·辽宁朝阳)如果汤姆下周来，我将带他在我们城市转一转。
_____Tom_______next week，I will show him around our city.
since was
If comes
3．我更喜欢给我一些思考的电影。
I prefer movies ___________ _____me something to think about.
4．(2020·湖北孝感)我的外国朋友们想知道十二月是否是去海南旅游的最佳时期。
My foreign friends ________ ____________December is the best time to visit Hainan.
that/which give
wonder if/whether
