2022年中考英语二轮专题复习课件：题型专区·专题2 阅读理解（共78张ppt）

(共78张PPT)
第二篇　攻专题 · 能力提升
第二部分　中考题型专题突破
专题二 阅读理解
阅读理解是中考英语试卷中非常重要的一部分，也是试卷中分值比重最大的一种题型，其中选择型阅读理解最为常见。它主要考查学生对阅读材料的分析理解能力、推理判断能力和归纳概括能力。纵观近年中考试题，选择型阅读理解涉及的题材比较广泛，有人物故事、生活常识、名人轶事和新闻报道等。解答本题型既要理解文章中各句的字面意思，也要理解文章想要表达的言外之意，以发现作者写作的真实意图。
命题分析
(一)选择型阅读理解
在做选择型阅读理解之前，要快速浏览问题，以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数，快速、准确地捕捉需要的信息。做题时不必拘泥于试卷中所呈现的试题顺序，应遵循“先易后难”的原则。比如，可先做细节理解题再做推理判断题，因为细节理解题大多能直接从文中找出答案，而推理判断题则须先对短文进行深层理解，再做判断。
解题技巧
1．主旨大意题。
主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。要求学生在阅读和理解全文后对文章或某一段的内容进行归纳概括。解这类题时，不能仅凭只言片语而下定论。
技巧1　定位主题句
主题句通常在文首，但也有可能在文中或文末：新闻报道中文章主题句通常在文首；夹叙夹议的记叙文文末的议论部分可能隐藏主题句。
技巧2　寻找中心思想
要求学生快速浏览文章，并通过判断、归纳等方法，提炼文章的主题，真正理解文章的中心思想。
【典例精析】(2021·广元C篇节选)
A small cloud moves slowly through the air in a hospital operating room(手术室)．In the room a patient with cancer(癌症) lies on a table.The cloud is all around the patient，covering her body and filling her lungs(肺)．The cloud is not smoke.It is made of millions of nano robots(纳米机器人)．These tiny robots move from cell(细胞) to cell in the patient’s body，killing the cancer.
Fighting cancer with nano robots is only an idea today，but scientists say that it could be possible in the future.Using nano robots for good purposes such as fighting the illness or repairing the environment may be the way to solve many of today’s problems.
However，nano robots could be a dangerous risk as well.Because nano robots are so tiny，they will have to work in large teams of many thousands to many millions.For this reason，nano robots will have to be programmed(被编程)to build themselves.Scientists will not have the ability to build millions of nano robots one by one.
( )65.What is the best title
A．Future Robots
B．The Ways to Fight Cancer
C．Nano robots in Use
D．A Cloud of Hope and Danger
【答案】C
【解析】通读全文可知，整篇文章都围绕着纳米机器人的应用而展开，故选C。
【跟进训练1】(2020·甘孜州B篇节选)
I love singing.But I am often laughed at for being a woman with a really deep voice.I couldn’t go to the choir(合唱团) as a kid.Because of this, I never sing when people are nearby.
I only sing in the car if I’m alone or when I’m home alone.My husband knows that I have this hobby.He wants to hear me sing.However, I never feel comfortable doing so.
One day, we were driving and it was a beautiful trip.I got a bit excited and I was feeling a bit brave.I said to my husband，“Could you put on my favorite CD？” He did and my true feelings came out.I couldn’t help singing.
My husband started crying.Then I started getting choked up(哽咽)．It was such a fantastic day.Now I want to share it with anyone who might listen.Sing out loud, people.Don’t be afraid to be laughed at.Someone might even sing along.
( )35.What can be the best title of the text
A．Sing Out Loud
B．Travel with My Husband
C．Share Happiness with Friends
A　
2．细节理解题。
细节题往往针对短文某个细节来设题。此类题难度较小，一般通读全文后便能直接找到答案。
技巧1　注意关键词
学生在通读全文时需特别注意人物、事件、时间、数字等以及与文后某些问题相关的关键信息，阅读时要有针对性。
技巧2　排除法
利用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项，剩下的就是最佳选项。
【典例精析】(2021·凉山州B篇节选)
Most animals always use language to communicate.If cats look and blink(眯眼)at you slowly，which shows their love to you.You can also do this to show your love.When they sit with tails around themselves，they’re happy.If they feel scared，their tails may look like the end of toilet brushes.When they put ears back，they are a bit mad.
( )56.When a cat is happy，it may ________.
A．look and blink at you slowly
B．ruffle its hair
C．sit with its tail around itself
D．put its ears back
【答案】C
【解析】由“When they sit with tails around themselves，they’re happy.”可知，当猫感到高兴时，它们会用尾巴围着自己坐，故C项正确。
【跟进训练2】(2020·攀枝花B篇节选)
Drinking tea has many advantages.It makes people feel less tired, clears heat inside the human body and helps people lose weight.As you add a cup of tea to your daily life, please check the following advice.
( )57.Drinking tea has a lot of advantages EXCEPT ________.
A．helping you lose weight
B．letting you feel less tired
C．having a strong wish for food
D．clearing heat inside your body
C　
3．推理判断题。
推理判断题要求学生根据某个事实推断出结论，主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。推理判断题通常包括数字推断、事实推断、常识推断以及作者写作目的、态度等的推断。
技巧　“透过现象看本质”
阅读文章中的相关语句，并对与事实相关的细节加以分析、比较，透过表面文字信息推断文章的深层含义，从而领悟作者的观点与立场。在做此类题时，学生应站在作者的立场进行逻辑推理，切忌主观判断。
【典例精析】(2021·南充A篇节选)
Alleyn’s School
ownley Road，Dulwich，UK
Welcome to Alleyn’s School.Our school is big and it has 600 students aged 13－15.However，it only had 100 students and four teachers when it was open on September 10th,1961.
Main Teaching Building
The school has a huge yard and next to it is the main teaching building.The building has two floors，with six classrooms on each.In each classroom there is a computer，an overhead projector，and a smart white board.It also has a small reading area with different kinds of books offered by the students.
Library
Our school library is used for all the reading classes weekly.The members of the reading club can meet here and do some reading after school.
School Hall
We have a fantastic school hall.It is used for gym，meetings and having lunch.It is the place where we hold many events，such as school plays，concerts，indoor games and so on.
Other rooms
We have a well equipped music room for music lessons，a computer room of thirty two computers and a large staff room for teachers to have a rest during lunch time.
...
( )39.The missing part at the end of the passage may talk about the ________.
A．address B．playground
C．P.E.teachers D．music room
【答案】B
【解析】通读文章可知，文章主要介绍学校的公共设施，故省略部分应继续介绍前文没有讲到的公共设施。且由于在“Other rooms”部分已经介绍了音乐教室，且文首已给出了学校地址,故只有B项正确。
【跟进训练3】(2020·绵阳A篇节选)
Life is competitive—some kids can do something faster or better than other kids.This might not seem fair, but all people are different and how well you can do something is different to others.This means there are “winners” and “losers”， and lots of people are neither winners nor losers but in between.You can choose to be a good winner or an even better loser whether you are competing against others or yourself.
Being a “good” winner
No one likes a “show off”．
No one likes someone who takes all the praise for the efforts of a team.
No one likes people who put others down to make themselves look good.
To be a good winner you need to：
◆Be modest(谦虚的)．
◆Thank those who helped you for their efforts.
◆Keep trying to improve your skills.
◆Aim for the next step up in whatever you are doing well.
Being an even better loser
Of course it’s disappointing to lose, especially if you are close to winning.Behaving badly or angrily, name calling and going on about things being “unfair” won’t change the final result and will only make you look like a bad sport.And no one likes bad sports either.
To be an even better loser you need to：
◆Behave politely, nicely and kindly.
◆Congratulate the other team.
◆Keep any negative(消极的) thoughts to yourself — at least until you are away from the game.
It’s OK to let out your negative thoughts to your best friend or parents later.And if you don’t do very well in a game, try harder to learn for the next one.Improving yourself makes you a winner too.
( )5.What is the passage written for
A．Telling us what we can learn from losing.
B．Offering advice on what we can do to win.
C．Encouraging us to become a winner instead of a loser.
D．Giving advice on how to deal with winning and losing.
D　
4．词义猜测题。
词义猜测题主要考查学生根据上下文正确判断单词词义的能力。一般情况下，词义猜测题中所出现的单词大多数是学生未曾见过的生词，学生需要通过上下文判断该词的含义，或者根据构词法等知识迅速猜出生词的含义。
技巧1　单词释义法
学生应关注画线单词后面解释说明的句子，从中找出画线单词的意思。
技巧2　举例法
学生应关注画线单词后由for example、such as等引出的词句，根据其引出的内容来猜测画线单词的意思。
技巧3　代入法
学生可以将各选项依次代入原文，从情感基调、褒贬义等角度对各选项进行对比，结合语境选出最佳答案。
技巧4　构词法
如果画线单词为合成词或派生词，学生可以从前后缀、词性以及词义转化的角度去分析画线单词的词义。
【典例精析】(2021·凉山州B篇节选)
Birds can show feelings through eyes and feathers.If birds make their pupils(瞳孔) large and small from time to time，this can be a sign that they are excited or scared or angry.Birds will ruffle(弄乱) their feathers when they clean themselves.However，if their feathers remain ruffled，it may mean they are ill.You’d better take them to see a veterinarian in an animal hospital.
( )57.The underlined word “veterinarian” in Paragraph 2 means “________” in Chinese.
A．驯养师 B．兽医
C．管理员 D．牙医
【答案】B
【解析】由画线单词后的“in an animal hospital”可知，veterinarian指兽医。
【跟进训练4】(2021·广元A篇节选)
We need three volunteers to work as music teachers in SOS Children’s Villages.You need to be good at singing and dancing.You also need to be glad to accept different opinions.That is to say，you need to beopen minded with a loving heart.
( )52.The underlined word open minded means “________” according to the passage.
A．思想开明的 B．乐于助人的
C．性格外向的 D．积极主动的
A　
还原句子型阅读理解是近年来中考英语试题中阅读理解的新题型。此类题型要求从所给的句子中选取合适的句子补到文章中的空缺位置，使文章内容完整。它可以是七选五的形式，也可以是六选五的形式，也可以是五选五的形式。
命题分析
(二)还原句子型阅读理解
还原句子型阅读理解的解题思路如下：
1．首先通读原文，从整体上把握文章，了解文章大意。
2．认真分析选项内容，理解选项句意。
3．根据所给空格的位置，判断选项特征，前后对照，逐句推敲。学生可能需要根据前句内容判断后句，或根据后句内容判断前句，也可能需要根据前后句内容判断中间句。如果所填空在首句或尾句，则该空可能是填概括总结性的句子。
4．重读文章，验证答案。即把选项填入空格后通读文章，如果文章意思通顺，逻辑关系清晰，无前后矛盾等现象，即可确定答案。
【典例精析】(2021·巴中节选）
Mao Junfang is a bamboo craftsman(手艺人)．In 1974, at the age of 17, he began to learn how to make bamboo weaving crafts(竹编) from his father.__71__and started to sell bamboo crafts as a street vendor.
Ten years ago, making bamboo weaving handicrafts could not support his family, so he had to work as a gatekeeper for a factory.He could take a one day break every other day.
【答案】B
【解析】根据前文“...he began to learn how to make bamboo weaving crafts from his father.”以及后文“...and started to sell bamboo crafts as a street vendor.” 可知，空格处应是说他已经完成了对竹编的学习，故B项“他两年后完成了学习”符合语境。
【跟进训练5】(2019·乐山节选)
Can you believe it 67._____ A company has made this kind of drone.It can deliver coffee to sleepy people.The drone can know when to bring a cup of coffee by studying a person’s personal information.
D　
2022年迎考特训
(一)选择型阅读理解
话题1：广告图表
A(2021·四川德阳改编)
Films
Two films will be on this Sunday afternoon at Andersen Cinema.See TheWanderingEarthat 3：30 p．m.JourneytotheWest(2021) will be on at 3：45 p．m.For more information，call 66327601.
International Picnic
Are you tired of eating the same food every day？Come to City Park this Sunday and enjoy food from all over the world.Delicious and not expensive.Noon to 4：00 p．m.
Football Game
Dec.16th this Sunday night (6：30 p．m.to 8：30 p．m.)，is a good chance to watch the football game in our City Gym this year.Buy your tickets at the gate of the gym.It might be cold.Don't forget to wear a sweater or a jacket.
1.When do you have to arrive at the cinema to see the film The Wandering Earth
A．Before 3：30 p．m. B．Before 4：00 p．m.
C．Before 6：30 p．m. D．Before 7：00 p．m.
Concert
The Only，a popular rock band from America，will give their first concert this Saturday night，at 7：00 p．m.at Golden Hall.
A　
2.Where should you go to have a picnic
A．Golden Hall. B．City Gym.
C．City Park. D．Andersen Cinema.
3.What can you do on Saturday night
A．To have a picnic.
B．To watch a football game.
C．To see a film.
D．To go to a concert.
C　
D　
话题2：情感故事
B(2021·四川内江)
Roy, the rabbit, was playing with his friends in the forest.Charlie, the deer, looked at Roy's big ears and said，“I think Roy's nickname(外号) must be Big Ears from now.” Hearing that, all his friends started laughing and making fun of Roy.“Big Ears! Big Ears！” That evening Roy was very upset and said to his dad about his big ears sadly.His dad said to him patiently, “Listen carefully, Roy.There are very good reasons why we have big ears, and one day your friends will find out why.”
A few days later, Roy and his friends were playing again.Suddenly, Roy stopped and called his friends together.He said to them worriedly，“Listen! I can hear lions coming.We need to run away.” “But we can't hear anything！” said his friends.They still stayed there and played happily.
A few minutes later,3 lions appeared from behind the trees.“Run! Run for your lives！”shouted Roy.
When they all reached safety，Roy spoke seriously to his friends，“Now you can understand why I have big ears.I can listen very well and today my big ears and listening skills saved us from danger.We have two ears and one mouth because listening is often more important than speaking.Listening is often the only thing that we need to help and save someone.So, if you listen to your grandparents, parents, teachers and friends, you are very wise.”
“Wow, Roy, now we understand why you have big ears and we will never tease you again，”said Roy's friends and they all said sorry to Roy for what they did to him before.
1. Why did Roy's friends joke with him
A．He looked sad.
B．He had big ears.
C．He disliked Charlie.
D．He refused to play with them.
B　
2. What do we know about Roy's friends from Paragraph 2
A．They didn't believe Roy.
B．They felt worried about Roy.
C．They discovered the lions.
D．They were too afraid to run.
A　
3. What did Roy advise his friends to do
A．Do more, but speak less.
B．Be careful of their safety.
C．Help others in the daily life.
D．Be good listeners all the time.
D　
4. What does the underlined word “tease” mean in the last paragraph
A．Look up to.
B．Keep away from.
C．Make fun of.
D．Get on with.
C　
话题3：人物介绍
C(2021·贵州遵义)
Recently, a short video has become very popular on the Internet.It's about a girl dancing on the water.Her name is Yang Liu, from Zunyi, Guizhou.Many foreigners think she is able to do Chinese “Qing Gong”．Actually, she was standing on a single piece of bamboo.It's one of the traditional folk sports—single bamboo drifting (独竹漂)．
When Yang Liu was seven years old, she started practicing single bamboo drifting with her grandfather.For little Yang Liu, it was a big challenge.The most difficult part was to keep balance (平衡)．But the clever girl gradually found the key to keeping balance.After years of practice, Yang Liu could not only stand on the bamboo, but also do some simple performances.Yang Liu had ever learned dance.
Then,_she_got_a_new_idea_to_show_traditional_Chinese_dance_while_standing_on_the_bamboo. It would be a new kind of performance.Although it was difficult to mix the two skills together and it was much easier to get hurt, Yang Liu didn't give up.Practice makes perfect.Finally she could dance on the bamboo successfully and beautifully.
Not long ago, she created another new performance，called “Ballet(芭蕾) on the water”，which was quite special.She posted a video of the performance on the Internet.Soon，the video caught a lot of attention and praise.There are more and more people getting to know her.“I'm glad that so many people like my performance.I hope the traditional folk sports will be passed_down by more young people，” Yang Liu said.
1.What was the most difficult part for little Yang Liu
A．To practice singing.
B．To practice jumping.
C．To keep balance.
D．To keep dancing.
C　
2. Which picture can describe the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2
A　
3.What does the underlined phrase “passed down” mean in the last paragraph
A．“传染”. B．“传承”．C．“传达”. D．“传诵”．
4.What can we know about Yang Liu from this passage
A．She is good at “Qing Gong”．
B．She is a smart and creative girl.
C．Many people begin to join her.
D．Few people like her performances.
B　
B　
5.Which is the best title for the passage
A．A popular short video
B．A single piece of bamboo
C．A girl learning ballet
D．A girl dancing on the bamboo
D　
话题4：传统文化
D(2021·四川凉山州)
Each different part of China has its own special forms of traditional art.These usually try to show the things that are important in life，such as love，happiness，beauty and family.The most common things，from paper to clay to bamboo，are turned into objects of beauty.Here is some information about some of traditional Chinese arts.
Name Paper Cutting Sky Lantern Clay Art Kite
Inventor Unknown Zhuge Kongming Unknown Mo-tse
Appearing Time 1,500 years ago 226 AD 4,000 years ago 2,000 years ago
Material Paper Paper，bamboo Clay，paper or cotton Paper，bamboo
Main use Ancient Times Remembering ancestors Asking for help Being with the dead Sending information
Today Praying Praying Decorating Playing
Complexity(制作难易度) Harder Hard Hardest Harder
1.How many kinds of materials are mentioned in the passage
A．Two. B．Three.
C．Four. D．Eight.
2.People make________ most easily of all according to the passage.
A．paper cutting B．sky lanterns
C．clay arts D．kites
C　
B　
3.What are kites used for today
A．Asking for help. B．Praying.
C．Playing. D．Sending information.
4.Paper cutting appeared about________than kites.
A．500 years later
B．500 years earlier
C．1,500 years earlier
D．2,000 years later
C　
A　
5.Which of the following is TRUE from the passage
A．The inventor of paper cutting is Lu Ban.
B．Kites and sky lanterns have different materials.
C．People used clay arts to decorate in ancient times.
D．Traditional Chinese arts show some important things in life.
D　
话题5：科普知识
E(2021·四川宜宾)
Before the discovery of DNA information in the 1980s, fingerprints(指纹) were the easiest way to solve serious crimes.It's believed that each one of us has our own fingerprints.But did you know that our fingerprints could show a lot about us
According to The Conversation, fingerprints can show lifestyle and environment, eating habits, possible medical problems and even the job of a person.
So how can we work all this out from just a simple fingerprint
Well, a fingerprint is formed when a finger touches a surface.Most fingerprints can't be seen to the eye and require a chemical development process in order to make them shown.Stuck between the raised lines of a fingerprint are things that can tell a story about who we are.Things like sweat, blood and food show a lot of information about us.
Besides, its use could be much wider.For example, it may be helpful in the future to doctors treating their patients.A fingerprint check may also tell a doctor whether a patient is properly having a medicine.In the treatment of some of the most serious illnesses, having proper medicine is important.
In the future, fingerprint science can be used by the police and help doctors keep us in the best possible health.
At last，in 1973，they grew a new kind of hybrid rice.This rice is__6__.Farmers can grow it in many different kinds of farmland and in bad__7__.It can also fight disease.Its output was much __8__ than common kinds of rice.With the new kind，about 70,000,000 people could have food every year!
Yuan solved the food problem in China.But he was__9__ working on rice when he was very old.Before he retired，he hoped to grow rice in the sea!
1.What can we learn from Paragraph 1
A．DNA can be used to solve serious crimes.
B．Fingerprints may show everything about us.
C．We didn't begin to use fingerprints until 1980s.
D．Fingerprints are now the easiest way to solve crimes.
A　
2.Fingerprints may not show a person's ________.
A．lifestyle B．looks
C．eating habits D．medical problems
3.What can make a fingerprint tell a story about us
A．The chemical development.
B．A finger touching a surface.
C．The fact that it can be seen clearly.
D．The things stuck between raised lines.
B　
D　
4.According to the passage, doctors may know about patients just through ________.
A．a physical exam B．a blood test
C．a fingerprint check D．a health check
5.What will the fingerprint's future use be like
A．It will be more widely used. B．It will not be properly used.
C．It will be better than DNA. D．It will not be very helpful.
C　
A　
(二)还原句子型阅读理解
话题1：咨询建议
A(2021·四川德阳)
Problems between parents and children are common.If you need to improve your relationship with your parents，you are not alone.To develop a better relationship with your parents，you should change how you think and do things.1._____
Act first.Don't wait for your parents to try to improve the relationship.2.______
D　
C　
Be thankful to your parents.Think about everything that your parents have done for you.You are sure to feel thankful to them.3.___ Give them a nice gift or do some housework without being asked.They will be happy with you for these actions.
4._____Talk to your parents about things that you care about and your feelings about these things.Often talk to them，and your parents can understand you better.If so，it's easy for them to discuss things that you are interested in and develop the relationship.
F　
A　
Accept that your parents are different.They grow up in a different situation with different technologies.5._____Try to remind them of any problem in their relationships with their parents because of these differences.Use this information when you talk to your parents to improve your relationship with them.
E　
A．Be open and honest.
B．Be brave and hard working.
C．You should take action first.
D．Here is some advice for you.
E．So they think in a different way.
F．Show your thanks with your actions.
B(2021·四川雅安)
Confidence(自信心) is very important in our daily life.It can help you to develop a healthy life style.A study shows that the people who are more confident are much happier.They can have more chances to make themselves successful.1._____
Speak loud.When you are not confident, you can't do well what you want to do.You speak in a voice so low that other people can hardly hear you.2._____The high voice can help you become more confident.
B　
E　
Play sports.3._____ A strong body helps you be full of confidence.
Encourage yourself.To see how many good things you have done, you can write down a list of good things you did during the day.Did you help others Did you tell a joke that made everybody laugh 4._____
Get rid of (消除) fear.Fear comes along with failure(失败)．But it's easy to overcome if you know that failure is part of your life.Try to start again and believe you can do better.
5._____ If you like singing, sing as much as you can.In some ways, a hobby can make you happy and confident.
D　
C　
A　
A．Pick up a hobby.
B．Here are some tips on how to be more confident.
C．Give yourself praise for the good things you've done.
D．Physical exercise makes you tired but completely relaxed.
E．Try to speak loud enough so that people can hear you clearly.
话题2：事物介绍
C(2021·四川成都)
The invention of barcodes(条形码) is based on a very simple idea.
We only need to give each product a specific number and print it.
1.____We could simply print the number itself.But this can cause problems.For example，an unclearly printed “seven” could look like a “one” to a computer.It's also true for “three” and “eight”.2.____ We need a better way of printing numbers so that they can be read correctly at high speeds.That's the problem barcodes solve.
A　
D　
Each number in a barcode is shown by seven blocks of the same size.3.____ For example，the number “one” is shown in turn by two white stripes(条)，two black stripes，two white stripes，and one black stripe.4._____　
A barcode includes different parts and each one provides a specific meaning.The first part of a barcode tells you the country where the product was made.For example,690—692 is the barcode for China.5.___　 The final part is about the product itself.This is how barcodes work.
F　
E　
C　
A．Then computers can read it directly.
B．All information can be shown by barcodes.
C．The next part tells you who produced the product.
D．And “nine” looks similar to “six” if you turn it upside down.
E．Even if you turn it upside down，it isn't similar to any other number.
F．These are colored either black or white to show the number zero to nine.