外研版必修4 Module 2 Traffic Jam 单元测试题 1（含答案）
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| 名称 | 外研版必修4 Module 2 Traffic Jam 单元测试题 1（含答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-01-24 11:36:46 | ||
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Module 2 Traffic Jam
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The Orchard
I had a very nice meal at the Orchard restaurant. The food was lovely and the service was quite good. We chose to eat in the garden which was full of beautiful flowers and very relaxing. The only disappointment was the dessert (甜点) — the apple pie was far too sweet and it was cold too. Apart from that it was an enjoyable evening. As for the price — what a bargain, excellent value for money!
Park Inn
The best thing about Park Inn was the service — it was excellent. There was a warm welcome when we arrived and the waiters were very helpful all evening. However, the food wasn't as good. The menu looked interesting but the meals were rather tasteless. It's not a cheap restaurant and I wasn't happy to pay so much for boring food.
Richard's Place
When we entered the restaurant, we were surprised by the lovely interior (内部的) design of it. So stylish, so modern! This is one of the most popular restaurants in town and it's very easy to see why. The food was great and excellent value for money but it was ruined by very, very poor service!
The Riverside
It was lovely sitting outside and looking over the river. There were lots of little lanterns (灯笼) and colored lights everywhere and it all looked very pretty. The food was good, nothing very special but quite tasty. The service was OK; we didn't have to wait too long for our food but the waiter never looked very happy! It's quite an expensive place but with the view I think it's quite good value for money.
21. In which restaurant can customers eat in the garden
A. Park Inn.
B. The Orchard.
C. The Riverside.
D. Richard's Place.
22. What makes the customers of Park Inn most satisfied
A. The food.
B. The price.
C. The service.
D. The environment.
23. In Richard's Place, customers can _____.
A. receive good service
B. enjoy its modern design
C. listen to wonderful music
D. enjoy the beauty of a river
B
A man who spent nine months sleeping on the streets has turned his life around — and now delivers (运送) two tonnes of food to homeless people every week.
Mark Harvey has set up City Harvest and collects unused food from restaurants and supermarkets that is then given to those in need.
The life as a business owner is a world away from Mark's previous life, which saw his marriage break down after losing his job as a successful cameraman. The 51-year-old soon found himself homeless and was forced to sleep on the streets for nine months in 2006.
Mark soon realised he didn't have the strength to spend another cold night sleeping in the open — and he knew it was time to get help and rebuild his life.
Soon after being helped into a hostel he was introduced to a man who ran a soup kitchen that collected food to make meals for the homeless. Mark is a good driver so he helped collect wasted food and redistribute (重新分配) it to the soup kitchen.
When the service came to a stop 8 years later, Mark had built up the contacts he needed to run his own business. He said: “I was hiring a van and doing my own redistribution. I would ask some of the charities I dropped off at to make a small donation (捐款) as well to cover some of the costs.”
Slowly, Mark's Acton-based charity has grown from strength to strength and he now has a board of directors and a team of 21 volunteers (志愿者). The team collect food from Nando's, Morrisons, Marks & Spencer, and even Gourmet Burger Kitchen, and then redistribute it to the Salvation Army, St Mungo's, Ealing Soup Kitchen and many more charities, covering almost the whole of London.
Now City Harvest is on a money-raising drive so they can employ another driver, and get food delivered to even more people.
24. What was “Mark's previous life” like
A. Successful.
B. Peaceful.
C. Busy.
D. Hard.
25. When did Mark start his own business
A. In 2006.
B. In 2008.
C. In 2014.
D. In 2015.
26. What's the main work of City Harvest
A. Raising money for charities.
B. Delivering food for restaurants.
C. Collecting wasted food and giving it to charities.
D. Making meals for the homeless with wasted food.
27. What will City Harvest probably do in the near future
A. Form a board of directors.
B. Increase the number of its members.
C. Build up contacts with more large restaurants.
D. Enlarge its service area to cover the whole of London.
C
For 10 years, Columbia professor Sheena Iyengar has been studying choice. For her research paper, they ran two tests:
At first, they set up a free tasting booth (货摊) in a store, with six different jams (果酱). 40% of the customers stopped to taste. 30% of those bought some.
A week later, they set up the same booth in the same store, but this time with twenty-four different jams. 60% of the customers stopped to taste. But only 3% bought some!
Lessons learned: Having many choices seems attractive (40% vs 60% stopped to taste). Yet having many choices makes customers 10 times less likely to buy (30% vs 3% actually bought).
Surgeon Atul Gawande found that 65% of people surveyed said if they were to get cancer, they'd want to choose their own treatment. Among people surveyed who really do have cancer, only 12% of patients want to choose their own treatment.
So, if you ask your customers if they want more choices, they will say they do — but they really don't.
Online stores often offer too many choices on their front page, lists of dozens of new arrivals, top sellers, sale items, and categories. Artists showcasing their art (music, essays, photos) often present a long list of everything they've done.
But all of us could possibly come to these conclusions:
Only present 3 to 6 choices at a time. No less than 3. No more than 6. Only show your deep selection (选择) when people are searching for something specific.
My favorite example of this is Firefox's about:config feature. There are hundreds of frightening choices that are hidden from most people, but they are there for the few who need them.
28. How is the second test different from the first one
A. It sold more jams.
B. It had more booths.
C. It offered fewer jams.
D. It attracted more customers.
29. What conclusion can we draw from the two tests led by Sheena Iyengar
A. More choices lead to more sales.
B. More choices result in fewer sales.
C. Customers don't like being given lots of choices.
D. Sales don't have anything to do with choices available.
30. What does the author want to tell us by mentioning Atul Gawande's survey
A. People don't like too many choices actually.
B. People don't have many choices to treat cancer.
C. People always look for different kinds of choices.
D. People would rather treat cancer in their own ways.
31. What's special about Firefox's about:config
A. It attracts a variety of users.
B. It serves a specific group of users.
C. It offers many choices on its front page.
D. It provides limited choices for most people.
D
Public transportation is beneficial (有益的) for many reasons: it helps reduce traffic and air pollution, and supports more efficient (有效的) land use means. Moreover, public transportation is cheaper than driving: It's reported that a household can save around $9,823 a year by taking public transportation and living with one less car.
If you need another reason to consider using public transportation more often, consider this: taking public transit instead of driving your own vehicle (车辆) reduces your chance of being in a traffic accident by more than 90%. According to the National Safety Council, there were 40,327 motor vehicle deaths in 2016. The majority of these deaths (23,714) were occupants in cars and light trucks. Only 249 passenger deaths in 2016 were the result of train accidents, and there were only 40 deaths of bus occupants in 2016.
Unfortunately, ridership on public transit is declining across the United States. One possibility may be the popularity of ride-sharing services like Uber and Lyft, although studies on that differ: some say ride-sharing services increase public transit usage, while others say they reduce it.
Even as ridership in the rest of the country decreases, the Orange County Transportation Authority's OC Bus 360 system has seen a 19.6% increase since September 2017. They achieved this by adding services to the northern part of the county, where ridership was higher, and cutting some lesser-used routes in other parts. In those areas, they are instead trying OC Flex, an on-demand shuttle (按需班车) service offering unlimited rides for a few dollars per day.
To encourage people to take public transportation, the government has its part to do. Meanwhile, you can also take part. Try using public transportation to get to work or school once a week. Take some time to learn more about the bus routes and other public transportation choices in your area, and find ways to use it. You'll be doing your part to reduce pollution, and decreasing your risk of being injured in an accident.
32. What do the numbers in Paragraph 2 show
A. Taking buses is safer than taking trains.
B. People can save money by using public transit.
C. Motor vehicle deaths have been on the rise in recent years.
D. Taking public transit is safer than driving one's own vehicle.
33. What does the underlined word “declining” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Changing.
B. Growing.
C. Dropping.
D. Disappearing.
34. What has happened in Orange County since September 2017
A. Public transit services are being provided for free.
B. People are increasingly choosing to take public transit.
C. The government is adding bus routes across the county.
D. The government is putting more money into public transit services.
35. What's the author's purpose in writing this text
A. To encourage people to use public transit.
B. To introduce a new public transit system.
C. To give suggestions on how to travel safely on the road.
D. To call for the government to improve public transit services.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Reading is a very good way to learn a new language and culture. 36
Firstly, it's important to choose a book which is the right level for you. If you are just starting out with English, don't try to read a 600-page classic novel! 37 So start with something at your own level. The more you read at your level the better you will get, and one day, you will be ready for something more difficult!
Secondly, although it's useful to have a dictionary at hand to look up words, I would suggest trying not to translate everything word for word. You will soon get bored of looking through the dictionary! 38 And accept that you are not going to understand every word. It will often be the case that the words you don't recognise are uncommon words that you will never use in your life!
Finally, perseverance (坚持) is important. At first it may seem that reading has become a boring task. 39 The feeling of finishing a book in a different language is very satisfying. If you finish one book, don't stop there! The more you read the more vocabulary you will learn and the more you will start to become familiar with sentence structures. 40
A. It's better to use an online dictionary.
B. It will make you feel sad about your own level.
C. If you learn a new word, try to use it in a sentence.
D. If you enjoy reading, why not use it to help you learn English
E. This will give you more confidence to carry on learning English.
F. Once you get into the story, you will not be able to stop reading!
G. Look up the words that are important for you to understand the text.
第三部分：语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Shamatt had just arrived in Las Vegas when he realized his wallet was gone. It contained $60, his bank card, and his identification (身份证明) card. He was 41 , but it was his sister's wedding weekend and he didn't want to make a big deal of it. He thought maybe he 42 it on his plane from Omaha to Vegas, so he called the 43 . He had no 44 .
“I thought it was 45 forever,” he said.
Following the wedding, he headed to the airport to fly home but was 46 about boarding the plane without ID. After an hour-long interview, Shamatt was finally 47 onto the plane.
The following day, a package (包裹) arrived at his home which contained his wallet — 48 intact (完好的) — with a 49 that said: “I rounded your cash up to an even $100 50 you could celebrate getting your wallet back. Have fun!”
“No way, no way,” Shamatt remembered saying upon 51 the note. “That can't be.”
“Everybody was so 52 ; none of us could believe it,” Shamatt's mother said. “It was really amazing.”
Shamatt wanted to thank the 53 stranger, so he 54 a picture of the note on Facebook with a message asking for help 55 the stranger. It got thousands of likes and shares.
56 , the man in question was identified as Todd Brown. Shamatt wrote Brown a letter:
“Sir, I really 57 what you've done. I never 58 to see my wallet again, let alone with $40 more. Thank you so much. I've got student loans (贷款) and it really makes a(n) 59 .”
Brown was 60 by how meaningful his act had been to the Shamatt family. “He told me he cried when I told him everything that happened,” Shamatt said.
41. A. bored B. unhappy C. tired D. afraid
42. A. lost B. made C. hid D. missed
43. A. airline B. police C. station D. family
44. A. trouble B. fun C. luck D. change
45. A. taken B. gone C. damaged D. wasted
46. A. wrong B. serious C. angry D. worried
47. A. ordered B. invited C. allowed D. advised
48. A. partly B. probably C. hardly D. perfectly
49. A. note B. notice C. picture D. card
50. A. if B. as C. but D. so
51. A. sending B. reading C. writing D. leaving
52. A. proud B. surprised C. nervous D. careful
53. A. rich B. brave C. patient D. kind
54. A. posted B. saw C. picked D. drew
55. A. finding B. visiting C. protecting D. interviewing
56. A. Firstly B. Suddenly C. Finally D. Naturally
57. A. support B. appreciate C. doubt D. consider
58. A. managed B. agreed C. forgot D. expected
59. A. difference B. mistake C. choice D. excuse
60. A. attracted B. frightened C. touched D. encouraged
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We have been taught from 61. ________ early age that red means stop and green means go in traffic signals (信号). But why were those colors chosen for traffic lights
Well, 62. ________ is important to know that before traffic lights for cars came along, there were traffic signals for trains. At first, railroad companies used red to mean stop, white to mean go, and green as a warning. However, train conductors ran into a few 63. ________ (problem) with white meaning go. For example, one train conductor mistook a bright star for a white light and 64. ________ (think) it was all clear. Because of things like that, railway companies 65. ________ (eventual) decided green would mean go, and it has been that way ever since.
As far as red goes, it's the color with the longest wavelength (波长) so it can 66. ________ (see) from a greater distance than other colors. As far as yellow goes, it was used 67. ________ (warn) drivers because it has a shorter wavelength than red, but not as short 68. ________ green.
So next time you're waiting at a traffic light, 69. ________ (be) patient and don't get mad at 70. ________ (they); they've certainly come a long way.
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
One day, our class went on a trip to a greenhouse. We were amazed at how many difference plants were growing in the building. The gardener explained that she kept the greenhouse warmly so that the plants could grow better. When I got home, I tell my mom all about the greenhouse. I asked her we could build one in ours backyard. Mom said, “A greenhouse sound like fun, but it can be a lot of works. Why don't you grow some tomatoes in a container first to see if you are good at make plants grow well ” I decided to have the try. I would grow so much many tomatoes that only a greenhouse would be able to hold them all!
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，刚从国外某旅游景点回来。请你用英语给该景点负责人写一封邮件，反映景点存在的交通问题。内容包括：
1. 你发现的问题（停车位太少、有些交通标志破损严重）；
2. 你的解决建议；
3. 你的愿望。
注意：1. 词数100左右（开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数）； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sir / Madam,
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
选做题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
If you've ever heard of e-waste, you've probably heard about Alex Lin.
Alex Lin, a 21-year-old, started to clear the world of e-waste as an ordinary boy. One day, Lin was just reading the newspaper when he noticed something about e-waste and began to realize how harmful the chemicals in it are to the environment. And so Lin decided to take action.
At 11 years old, he and his friends from Rhode Island thought up Project WIN (Westerly Innovations Network). To get started, Lin got help from community services to spread the message about e-waste. That's when Lin and his team decided to save the parts of old computers to create new ones for kids in developing countries. That way, they could help recycle computers while helping other children from poorer countries experience technology! They ended up transforming 300,000 pounds of e-waste into new computers for developing countries!
And yet, Alex Lin had a bigger goal to achieve. He realized that the only way to make recycling e-waste a habit was to make a law stopping people dumping (倾倒) e-waste. Then Lin met with Arthur Handy, the state representative, discussing the e-waste bill for Rhode Island. Unfortunately the bill did not pass. “We felt so sad,” says Brodie, a friend of Lin's.
But Lin and his team didn't give up. They wrote articles for newspapers and even made speeches in public. Soon, local media got Lin's story and helped spread the word to millions of people in the area. Finally, the House and Senate of Rhode Island passed the bill after seeing the 400 names on the petition (请愿书) Lin and his team had collected. They were excited. They had finally made it!
After the huge success, Lin decided that he could do even more for the world. And with that, his local WIN organization grew into the global WIN Network, encouraging other countries to take action on e-waste.
1. What led Lin to start to clear e-waste
A. A news report on the topic.
B. The influence from his community.
C. His interest in doing recycling work.
D. The encouragement from his friends.
2. How did Lin and his team deal with e-waste in the beginning
A. They made it into new electronics.
B. They sold it to the developing world.
C. They taught people how to use electronics.
D. They tried to make a law forbidding e-waste dumping.
3. How did the work of getting the bill passed go
A. It went as well as expected.
B. It was slowed by the local media.
C. It was difficult but it was worth it.
D. It was fruitless and let people down.
4. What is the main purpose of this text
A. To explain the harm of e-waste.
B. To encourage more people to join WIN.
C. To call on people to protect the environment.
D. To introduce some stories about a young environmentalist.
B
The world's oldest known wild bird, an albatross (信天翁) named Wisdom, has returned to her nesting place in the Midway Atoll. The 68-year-old bird has just laid another egg.
The Midway Atoll is made of two small islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. It is an important place for albatrosses, and an important place for scientists who want to study them. One of the ways scientists can study birds is by banding (给……戴环志) them. Putting a small numbered band on the leg of a bird, helps scientists tell which bird is which. This makes it easier to keep track of what happens among the birds. Over 250,000 albatrosses have been banded on Midway since 1936.
Wisdom was first banded by scientist Chandler Robbins in 1956, along with thousands of other albatrosses. At the time, she was at least 5 years old. Wisdom carried Robbins' band around the world for many years. Then, surprisingly, the scientist and the bird were reunited in 2002, when Robbins returned to Midway to research albatrosses again. He rebanded Wisdom and, checking the band records, discovered he had been the first one to put a band on her — 46 years before.
Wisdom was using the same nesting place. Adult albatrosses spend a lot of their lives flying over the sea, resting from time to time on the water to eat. But they return to the same nesting place every year. When albatrosses choose a partner (配偶), they remain partners for life. But Wisdom has been alive so long that she has had a few partners.
Wisdom is not just old, she is also active. Because it takes so much time and energy for parent albatrosses to raise a chick — it takes about seven months until it can fly — many albatrosses lay eggs every other year. But Wisdom has laid an egg every single year since 2006. Because Wisdom has been laying eggs for so long, she could have her chicks and the chicks of her chicks all around her. There may soon be one more to add to the list.
5. What does the author want to do in Paragraph 2
A. Use an example to support the topic.
B. Offer some background information.
C. Give an explanation for what happened.
D. Attract the readers' interest in the topic.
6. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A. How albatrosses are banded.
B. How biologists study albatrosses.
C. The life of Wisdom since she was banded.
D. The connection between Wisdom and a scientist.
7. What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to
A. Wisdom.
B. Wisdom's chick.
C. A baby albatross.
D. A parent albatross.
8. How is Wisdom different from ordinary albatrosses
A. She lays an egg every year.
B. She uses different nesting spots.
C. She changes partners very often.
D. She has been banded several times.
参考答案
21-25 BCBDC 26-30 CBDBA 31-35 DDCBA 36-40 DBGFE
41-45 BAACB 46-50 DCDAD 51-55 BBDAA 56-60 CBDAC
61. an 62. it 63. problems 64. thought 65. eventually
66. be seen 67. to warn 68. as 69. be 70. them
短文改错
71. ... many difference plants ... difference → different
72. ... the greenhouse warmly ... warmly → warm
73. ... I tell my mom ... tell → told
74. I asked her ... her后加if或whether
75. ... in ours backyard. ours → our
76. ... greenhouse sound like ... sound → sounds
77. ... lot of works. works → work
78. ... good at make ... make → making
79. ... have the try. the → a
80. ... so much many ... 去掉much
书面表达
One possible version:
Dear Sir / Madam,
I've just returned from a trip to your tourist spot. I'm writing to say something about the traffic problems there.
I found there're not enough parking lots, forcing some drivers to park anywhere they can on the road. Besides, some traffic signs have been damaged seriously.
Therefore, I think first of all, you should replace the damaged road signs with new ones as soon as possible, because they can cause safety problems. And it's a good idea to set up more parking lots, which can make it easier for drivers to park their cars and also make the spot tidier.
I hope you can take my suggestions into consideration. I believe your tourist spot will be more attractive if you can improve the traffic conditions.
Yours,
Li Hua
部分解析
阅读理解
第一节
A篇
主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习
本文是应用文。文章为四家餐厅的顾客餐后评论。
21. B。细节理解题。由The Orchard部分中的We chose to eat in the garden which was full of beautiful flowers and very relaxing可知，在这家餐厅，顾客可选择在花园用餐。
22. C。细节理解题。由Park Inn部分中的The best thing about Park Inn was the service可知，这家餐厅最好的方面是服务。
23. B。细节理解题。由Richard's Place部分中的we were surprised by the lovely interior design of it. So stylish, so modern可知，这家餐厅内部装饰很好，顾客用餐时可欣赏其现代、时尚的装潢。
B篇
主题语境：人与自我——做人与做事
本文是记叙文。一个曾露宿街头的人凭着机遇和努力成为一位成功的慈善商人，为无家可归的人提供食物。
24. D。推理判断题。由第三段可知，Mark在从商之前，经历了婚姻破裂、失业并无家可归露宿街头数月。因此，他的那段日子是艰辛的。
25. C。细节理解题。由第三段中的The 51-year-old soon found himself homeless ... in 2006和第四段、第五段以及第六段中的When the service came to a stop 8 years later, ... run his own business可知，2006年时，露宿街头的Mark经人救助来到一个施食处帮忙。8年后，该处停止服务，Mark便开始创建自己的生意。
26. C。细节理解题。由第二段和倒数第二段可知，Mark创建的慈善组织City Harvest从多家饭店、超市等收集不用的食物，将其送至多家施食处或其他慈善机构，为需要的人们提供食物。
27. B。细节理解题。由最后一段可知，City Harvest目前正在筹集资金用来雇佣司机，把食物送给更多需要的人。
C篇
主题语境：人与社会——社会
本文是说明文。在我们进行消费时，是不是选择越多越好呢？本文通过研究发现告诉我们答案。
28. D。细节理解题。根据第二、三段可知，第一次测试吸引了40%的顾客来品尝果酱，而第二次测试吸引了60%的顾客来品尝果酱。
29. B。推理判断题。根据第二、三段可知，第一次测试提供给顾客6种果酱，吸引了40%的顾客，其中有30%的顾客选择购买；第二次测试提供给顾客24种果酱，吸引了60%的顾客，但其中只有3%的顾客选择购买。因此，增加顾客的选择反而降低了最终购买率。
30. A。细节理解题。根据第五、六段可知，表面上人们喜欢多一些选择，而事实上并非如此——他们并不喜欢选择太多。
31. D。推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，作者认为，选择不是越多越好，3到6个最佳。他列举Firefox's about:config就是为了证明自己的这一观点。Firefox's about:config隐藏了很多可有可无的选择，展现给大多数用户的应该是很有限的选择。
D篇
主题语境：人与社会——社会
本文是议论文。作者主要分析了乘坐公共交通工具的益处，劝说人们多乘坐公共交通工具，并给出了相应的建议。
32. D。推理判断题。第二段的主旨句是taking public transit instead of ...traffic accident by more than 90%，下文列举数据是为了论证该主旨句，即乘坐公共交通工具比驾驶私家车更安全。
33. C。词义猜测题。第一和第二段阐述了乘坐公共交通工具的好处，第三段用Unfortunately开头，说明下文涉及的内容出现了转折；且由第四段中的Even as ridership in the rest of the country decreases可知，虽然公共交通工具有益处，但乘坐公共交通工具的人数却在下降。
34. B。细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的the Orange County ... 19.6% increase since September 2017可知，近来，橙县乘坐公共交通工具的人数有所上升。
35. A。写作目的题。作者首先阐述了乘坐公共交通工具的好处，紧接着介绍了人们乘坐公共交通工具的现状，最后呼吁人们尽可能地使用公共交通服务。作者写前半部分内容是为后面的内容做铺垫，因此，本文作者的主要写作目的是鼓励人们乘坐公共交通工具。
第二节
主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习
本文是说明文。阅读是学习一门外语的有效途径。通过阅读来学习外语时，有什么需要注意的地方呢？
36. D。D项起到承上启下的作用，承接上文“阅读”，引起下文“英语学习”。
37. B。B项中的It指代上文中的a 600-page classic novel，说明选择大部头小说名著会让英语初学者对自己的英语水平感到沮丧。
38. G。本空所在段涉及阅读时用词典查阅生词的问题，故G项符合语境。
39. F。F项与上文At first it may seem that reading has become a boring task存在时间上的递进关系和意义上的轻微转折关系，说明阅读英文原版书籍时，一开始像是令人厌烦的任务，但一旦你被带入故事当中，就会发现自己根本停不下来。
40. E。E项是上文The more you read the more ... sentence structures所产生的积极影响，读得越多，懂得越多，学英语的信心就越足。
语言知识运用
第一节
主题语境：人与自我——生活
本文是记叙文。一名叫Shamatt的男子丢了钱包。没想到，钱包不仅被好心人寄了回来，而且钱包里面的钱还多了。
41. B。由上文的描述可知，Shamatt的钱包不见了。再结合下文中的but it was his sister's wedding weekend and he didn't want to make a big deal of it可推断，Shamatt有些“沮丧（unhappy）”。
42. A。由上文中的he realized his wallet was gone可知，他想自己也许将钱包“落（lost）”在飞机上了。
43. A。由本句中的He thought maybe he ... it on his plane from Omaha to Vegas可知，他给“航 空公司（airline）”打了个电话。
44. C。由下文的描述可知，Shamatt给航空公司打了电话，但是并没有找到自己的钱包，因此，此处表示他“运气（luck）”不好。
45. B。由上文的描述以及下文中的I never ... to see my wallet again, let alone with $40 more 可知，Shamatt心想自己的钱包永远“找不回来了（gone）”。
46. D。由第一段可知，Shamatt丢了钱包，里面有自己的身份证。故此处表示他很“担心（worried）”自己没有身份证不能登机。
47. C。由本句中的After an hour-long interview以及下文的描述可知，经过长达一个小时的面谈，Shamatt最后被“许可（allowed）”登机。
48. D。由语境可知，有人将Shamatt的钱包寄了回来，钱包完好无损，perfectly符合语境。
49. A。下文中的the note是提示。
50. D。Shamatt的钱包里原来有60美元的现金。寄包裹的人把他的现金增添到100美元，希望“这样（so）” Shamatt就可以庆祝成功找回钱包了。
51. B。由上文可知，Shamatt收到一个包裹，里面有他的钱包，还有一张便条。再结合便条的内容可知，此处表示他“看了（reading）”便条，简直觉得不可思议。
52. B。由本句中的none of us could believe it可知，所有人都很“惊讶（surprised）”。
53. D。54. A。55. A。由上文可知，Shamatt的钱包不仅失而复得，而且钱包里面的钱还多了。因此，Shamatt想感谢那位“好心（kind）”人，他将便条的照片“发布（posted）”到Facebook上，希望大家能帮忙“找到（finding）”那位好心人。
56. C。由上文中的It got thousands of likes and shares以及下文中的Shamatt wrote Brown a letter可知，“最终（Finally）”，Shamatt找到了那位好心人。
57. B。由上文的描述以及下文中的Thank you so much可知，Shamatt非常 “感激（appreciate）”Brown先生。
58. D。由上文的描述以及本句中的let alone with $40 more可知，Shamatt对找回钱包早已不抱“希望（expected）”，更不会想到钱包里还会多出40美元。
59. A。由本句中的 I've got student loans以及下文中的how meaningful his act had been to the Shamatt family可知，对Shamatt来说，Brown先生所做的一切很重要，故填difference。make a difference意为“有作用”。
60. C。由下文中的he cried可知， Brown先生得知自己的所作所为对Shamatt一家来说意义重大，他也很受“感动（touched）”。
第二节
主题语境：人与社会——社会
本文是说明文。文章解释了为什么交通信号灯要用红、黄、绿3种颜色。
61. an。考查不定冠词。from an early age 意为“从小时候”。
62. it。考查it的用法。设空处作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语to know that before traffic lights ... there were traffic signals for trains，故填it。
63. problems。考查名词复数。设空处作宾语，表示“问题”，problem是可数名词，由其前的a few可知，此处应用其复数形式，故填problems。
64. thought。考查一般过去时。设空处与mistook并列作谓语，表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填thought。
65. eventually。考查副词。设空处作状语，表示“最后”，故填副词eventually。
66. be seen。考查被动语态。it在此指代red，red与see之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。因为设空处前有情态动词can，故填be seen。
67. to warn。考查不定式作补语的用法。be used to do sth. 意为 “被用来做某事”。
68. as。考查介词。not as / so +形容词原级+ as ... 表示“不像……那样……”。
69. be。考查祈使句。设空处所在句是祈使句，故填动词原形be。
70. them。考查代词。设空处作宾语, 指代traffic lights，表示“它们”，故填them。
选做题参考答案及解析
参考答案
1-4 AACD 5-8 BDCA
解析
A篇
主题语境：人与自然——环境保护
本文是记叙文。一位少年了解到电子垃圾的危害后，果断采取行动，清理、回收利用电子垃圾。
1. A。细节理解题。由第二段中的One day, Lin was just reading the newspaper ... decided to take action可知，Lin看报纸时注意到一篇有关电子垃圾的文章，了解到这类垃圾中的化学物质对环境的危害，于是决定采取行动。
2. A。细节理解题。由第三段中的That's when Lin and his team ... into new computers可知，一开始，Lin和他的团队回收利用电子垃圾，制成新的电子设备。
3. C。推理判断题。由第四段和第五段可知，Lin想要通过立法禁止人们倾倒电子垃圾，但过程比较曲折。一开始，这项法案并没有被通过，但他和团队成员并没有放弃，转而利用媒体和公众的力量再次发起申请。最终，他们的愿望达成，禁止人们倾倒电子垃圾的法案被通过。因此，该法案被通过的过程是艰难的，但所有的努力都是值得的。
4. D。写作目的题。本文主要介绍了一个少年回收电子垃圾保护环境的故事，包括他做这件事情的原因和采取的行动等，如创建WIN、传播电子垃圾知识、回收电子垃圾零件并制成新电脑送给需要的人、申请立法以禁止人们倾倒电子垃圾、扩大WIN组织规模、鼓励更多的人为清理电子垃圾贡献力量。
B篇
主题语境：人与自然——自然生态
本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一只世界上已知最长寿的信天翁——Wisdom。
5. B。写作目的题。作者在第二段首先简单介绍了Midway Atoll，说明该地是信天翁的重要栖息地，同时也是科学家研究信天翁的重要地点；接着作者介绍了科学家研究信天翁的一种手段——给它们佩戴环志，以了解它们的行踪。这部分内容为第一段中Wisdom的产卵地Midway Atoll和第三段中Wisdom佩戴环志提供了背景信息。
6. D。段落大意题。第三段主要讲述了Wisdom被科学家Chandler Robbins佩戴环志的故事。这位科学家在Wisdom大约五岁时给她戴上了环志，令人意想不到的是，46年后，他偶然间为Wisdom戴上了另一个环志，并认出了这位多年前的“故人”。
7. C。篇章结构题。划线单词所在句句意：信天翁抚养幼鸟要花费大量的时间和精力，它（信天翁幼鸟）需要经历七个月时间的成长才能飞翔，所以，许多信天翁都是隔年产卵。
8. A。细节理解题。由最后一段中的many albatrosses lay eggs ... every single year since 2006可知，许多信天翁隔年产卵，但Wisdom自2006年以来每年都产卵。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The Orchard
I had a very nice meal at the Orchard restaurant. The food was lovely and the service was quite good. We chose to eat in the garden which was full of beautiful flowers and very relaxing. The only disappointment was the dessert (甜点) — the apple pie was far too sweet and it was cold too. Apart from that it was an enjoyable evening. As for the price — what a bargain, excellent value for money!
Park Inn
The best thing about Park Inn was the service — it was excellent. There was a warm welcome when we arrived and the waiters were very helpful all evening. However, the food wasn't as good. The menu looked interesting but the meals were rather tasteless. It's not a cheap restaurant and I wasn't happy to pay so much for boring food.
Richard's Place
When we entered the restaurant, we were surprised by the lovely interior (内部的) design of it. So stylish, so modern! This is one of the most popular restaurants in town and it's very easy to see why. The food was great and excellent value for money but it was ruined by very, very poor service!
The Riverside
It was lovely sitting outside and looking over the river. There were lots of little lanterns (灯笼) and colored lights everywhere and it all looked very pretty. The food was good, nothing very special but quite tasty. The service was OK; we didn't have to wait too long for our food but the waiter never looked very happy! It's quite an expensive place but with the view I think it's quite good value for money.
21. In which restaurant can customers eat in the garden
A. Park Inn.
B. The Orchard.
C. The Riverside.
D. Richard's Place.
22. What makes the customers of Park Inn most satisfied
A. The food.
B. The price.
C. The service.
D. The environment.
23. In Richard's Place, customers can _____.
A. receive good service
B. enjoy its modern design
C. listen to wonderful music
D. enjoy the beauty of a river
B
A man who spent nine months sleeping on the streets has turned his life around — and now delivers (运送) two tonnes of food to homeless people every week.
Mark Harvey has set up City Harvest and collects unused food from restaurants and supermarkets that is then given to those in need.
The life as a business owner is a world away from Mark's previous life, which saw his marriage break down after losing his job as a successful cameraman. The 51-year-old soon found himself homeless and was forced to sleep on the streets for nine months in 2006.
Mark soon realised he didn't have the strength to spend another cold night sleeping in the open — and he knew it was time to get help and rebuild his life.
Soon after being helped into a hostel he was introduced to a man who ran a soup kitchen that collected food to make meals for the homeless. Mark is a good driver so he helped collect wasted food and redistribute (重新分配) it to the soup kitchen.
When the service came to a stop 8 years later, Mark had built up the contacts he needed to run his own business. He said: “I was hiring a van and doing my own redistribution. I would ask some of the charities I dropped off at to make a small donation (捐款) as well to cover some of the costs.”
Slowly, Mark's Acton-based charity has grown from strength to strength and he now has a board of directors and a team of 21 volunteers (志愿者). The team collect food from Nando's, Morrisons, Marks & Spencer, and even Gourmet Burger Kitchen, and then redistribute it to the Salvation Army, St Mungo's, Ealing Soup Kitchen and many more charities, covering almost the whole of London.
Now City Harvest is on a money-raising drive so they can employ another driver, and get food delivered to even more people.
24. What was “Mark's previous life” like
A. Successful.
B. Peaceful.
C. Busy.
D. Hard.
25. When did Mark start his own business
A. In 2006.
B. In 2008.
C. In 2014.
D. In 2015.
26. What's the main work of City Harvest
A. Raising money for charities.
B. Delivering food for restaurants.
C. Collecting wasted food and giving it to charities.
D. Making meals for the homeless with wasted food.
27. What will City Harvest probably do in the near future
A. Form a board of directors.
B. Increase the number of its members.
C. Build up contacts with more large restaurants.
D. Enlarge its service area to cover the whole of London.
C
For 10 years, Columbia professor Sheena Iyengar has been studying choice. For her research paper, they ran two tests:
At first, they set up a free tasting booth (货摊) in a store, with six different jams (果酱). 40% of the customers stopped to taste. 30% of those bought some.
A week later, they set up the same booth in the same store, but this time with twenty-four different jams. 60% of the customers stopped to taste. But only 3% bought some!
Lessons learned: Having many choices seems attractive (40% vs 60% stopped to taste). Yet having many choices makes customers 10 times less likely to buy (30% vs 3% actually bought).
Surgeon Atul Gawande found that 65% of people surveyed said if they were to get cancer, they'd want to choose their own treatment. Among people surveyed who really do have cancer, only 12% of patients want to choose their own treatment.
So, if you ask your customers if they want more choices, they will say they do — but they really don't.
Online stores often offer too many choices on their front page, lists of dozens of new arrivals, top sellers, sale items, and categories. Artists showcasing their art (music, essays, photos) often present a long list of everything they've done.
But all of us could possibly come to these conclusions:
Only present 3 to 6 choices at a time. No less than 3. No more than 6. Only show your deep selection (选择) when people are searching for something specific.
My favorite example of this is Firefox's about:config feature. There are hundreds of frightening choices that are hidden from most people, but they are there for the few who need them.
28. How is the second test different from the first one
A. It sold more jams.
B. It had more booths.
C. It offered fewer jams.
D. It attracted more customers.
29. What conclusion can we draw from the two tests led by Sheena Iyengar
A. More choices lead to more sales.
B. More choices result in fewer sales.
C. Customers don't like being given lots of choices.
D. Sales don't have anything to do with choices available.
30. What does the author want to tell us by mentioning Atul Gawande's survey
A. People don't like too many choices actually.
B. People don't have many choices to treat cancer.
C. People always look for different kinds of choices.
D. People would rather treat cancer in their own ways.
31. What's special about Firefox's about:config
A. It attracts a variety of users.
B. It serves a specific group of users.
C. It offers many choices on its front page.
D. It provides limited choices for most people.
D
Public transportation is beneficial (有益的) for many reasons: it helps reduce traffic and air pollution, and supports more efficient (有效的) land use means. Moreover, public transportation is cheaper than driving: It's reported that a household can save around $9,823 a year by taking public transportation and living with one less car.
If you need another reason to consider using public transportation more often, consider this: taking public transit instead of driving your own vehicle (车辆) reduces your chance of being in a traffic accident by more than 90%. According to the National Safety Council, there were 40,327 motor vehicle deaths in 2016. The majority of these deaths (23,714) were occupants in cars and light trucks. Only 249 passenger deaths in 2016 were the result of train accidents, and there were only 40 deaths of bus occupants in 2016.
Unfortunately, ridership on public transit is declining across the United States. One possibility may be the popularity of ride-sharing services like Uber and Lyft, although studies on that differ: some say ride-sharing services increase public transit usage, while others say they reduce it.
Even as ridership in the rest of the country decreases, the Orange County Transportation Authority's OC Bus 360 system has seen a 19.6% increase since September 2017. They achieved this by adding services to the northern part of the county, where ridership was higher, and cutting some lesser-used routes in other parts. In those areas, they are instead trying OC Flex, an on-demand shuttle (按需班车) service offering unlimited rides for a few dollars per day.
To encourage people to take public transportation, the government has its part to do. Meanwhile, you can also take part. Try using public transportation to get to work or school once a week. Take some time to learn more about the bus routes and other public transportation choices in your area, and find ways to use it. You'll be doing your part to reduce pollution, and decreasing your risk of being injured in an accident.
32. What do the numbers in Paragraph 2 show
A. Taking buses is safer than taking trains.
B. People can save money by using public transit.
C. Motor vehicle deaths have been on the rise in recent years.
D. Taking public transit is safer than driving one's own vehicle.
33. What does the underlined word “declining” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Changing.
B. Growing.
C. Dropping.
D. Disappearing.
34. What has happened in Orange County since September 2017
A. Public transit services are being provided for free.
B. People are increasingly choosing to take public transit.
C. The government is adding bus routes across the county.
D. The government is putting more money into public transit services.
35. What's the author's purpose in writing this text
A. To encourage people to use public transit.
B. To introduce a new public transit system.
C. To give suggestions on how to travel safely on the road.
D. To call for the government to improve public transit services.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Reading is a very good way to learn a new language and culture. 36
Firstly, it's important to choose a book which is the right level for you. If you are just starting out with English, don't try to read a 600-page classic novel! 37 So start with something at your own level. The more you read at your level the better you will get, and one day, you will be ready for something more difficult!
Secondly, although it's useful to have a dictionary at hand to look up words, I would suggest trying not to translate everything word for word. You will soon get bored of looking through the dictionary! 38 And accept that you are not going to understand every word. It will often be the case that the words you don't recognise are uncommon words that you will never use in your life!
Finally, perseverance (坚持) is important. At first it may seem that reading has become a boring task. 39 The feeling of finishing a book in a different language is very satisfying. If you finish one book, don't stop there! The more you read the more vocabulary you will learn and the more you will start to become familiar with sentence structures. 40
A. It's better to use an online dictionary.
B. It will make you feel sad about your own level.
C. If you learn a new word, try to use it in a sentence.
D. If you enjoy reading, why not use it to help you learn English
E. This will give you more confidence to carry on learning English.
F. Once you get into the story, you will not be able to stop reading!
G. Look up the words that are important for you to understand the text.
第三部分：语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Shamatt had just arrived in Las Vegas when he realized his wallet was gone. It contained $60, his bank card, and his identification (身份证明) card. He was 41 , but it was his sister's wedding weekend and he didn't want to make a big deal of it. He thought maybe he 42 it on his plane from Omaha to Vegas, so he called the 43 . He had no 44 .
“I thought it was 45 forever,” he said.
Following the wedding, he headed to the airport to fly home but was 46 about boarding the plane without ID. After an hour-long interview, Shamatt was finally 47 onto the plane.
The following day, a package (包裹) arrived at his home which contained his wallet — 48 intact (完好的) — with a 49 that said: “I rounded your cash up to an even $100 50 you could celebrate getting your wallet back. Have fun!”
“No way, no way,” Shamatt remembered saying upon 51 the note. “That can't be.”
“Everybody was so 52 ; none of us could believe it,” Shamatt's mother said. “It was really amazing.”
Shamatt wanted to thank the 53 stranger, so he 54 a picture of the note on Facebook with a message asking for help 55 the stranger. It got thousands of likes and shares.
56 , the man in question was identified as Todd Brown. Shamatt wrote Brown a letter:
“Sir, I really 57 what you've done. I never 58 to see my wallet again, let alone with $40 more. Thank you so much. I've got student loans (贷款) and it really makes a(n) 59 .”
Brown was 60 by how meaningful his act had been to the Shamatt family. “He told me he cried when I told him everything that happened,” Shamatt said.
41. A. bored B. unhappy C. tired D. afraid
42. A. lost B. made C. hid D. missed
43. A. airline B. police C. station D. family
44. A. trouble B. fun C. luck D. change
45. A. taken B. gone C. damaged D. wasted
46. A. wrong B. serious C. angry D. worried
47. A. ordered B. invited C. allowed D. advised
48. A. partly B. probably C. hardly D. perfectly
49. A. note B. notice C. picture D. card
50. A. if B. as C. but D. so
51. A. sending B. reading C. writing D. leaving
52. A. proud B. surprised C. nervous D. careful
53. A. rich B. brave C. patient D. kind
54. A. posted B. saw C. picked D. drew
55. A. finding B. visiting C. protecting D. interviewing
56. A. Firstly B. Suddenly C. Finally D. Naturally
57. A. support B. appreciate C. doubt D. consider
58. A. managed B. agreed C. forgot D. expected
59. A. difference B. mistake C. choice D. excuse
60. A. attracted B. frightened C. touched D. encouraged
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We have been taught from 61. ________ early age that red means stop and green means go in traffic signals (信号). But why were those colors chosen for traffic lights
Well, 62. ________ is important to know that before traffic lights for cars came along, there were traffic signals for trains. At first, railroad companies used red to mean stop, white to mean go, and green as a warning. However, train conductors ran into a few 63. ________ (problem) with white meaning go. For example, one train conductor mistook a bright star for a white light and 64. ________ (think) it was all clear. Because of things like that, railway companies 65. ________ (eventual) decided green would mean go, and it has been that way ever since.
As far as red goes, it's the color with the longest wavelength (波长) so it can 66. ________ (see) from a greater distance than other colors. As far as yellow goes, it was used 67. ________ (warn) drivers because it has a shorter wavelength than red, but not as short 68. ________ green.
So next time you're waiting at a traffic light, 69. ________ (be) patient and don't get mad at 70. ________ (they); they've certainly come a long way.
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
One day, our class went on a trip to a greenhouse. We were amazed at how many difference plants were growing in the building. The gardener explained that she kept the greenhouse warmly so that the plants could grow better. When I got home, I tell my mom all about the greenhouse. I asked her we could build one in ours backyard. Mom said, “A greenhouse sound like fun, but it can be a lot of works. Why don't you grow some tomatoes in a container first to see if you are good at make plants grow well ” I decided to have the try. I would grow so much many tomatoes that only a greenhouse would be able to hold them all!
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，刚从国外某旅游景点回来。请你用英语给该景点负责人写一封邮件，反映景点存在的交通问题。内容包括：
1. 你发现的问题（停车位太少、有些交通标志破损严重）；
2. 你的解决建议；
3. 你的愿望。
注意：1. 词数100左右（开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数）； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sir / Madam,
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
选做题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
If you've ever heard of e-waste, you've probably heard about Alex Lin.
Alex Lin, a 21-year-old, started to clear the world of e-waste as an ordinary boy. One day, Lin was just reading the newspaper when he noticed something about e-waste and began to realize how harmful the chemicals in it are to the environment. And so Lin decided to take action.
At 11 years old, he and his friends from Rhode Island thought up Project WIN (Westerly Innovations Network). To get started, Lin got help from community services to spread the message about e-waste. That's when Lin and his team decided to save the parts of old computers to create new ones for kids in developing countries. That way, they could help recycle computers while helping other children from poorer countries experience technology! They ended up transforming 300,000 pounds of e-waste into new computers for developing countries!
And yet, Alex Lin had a bigger goal to achieve. He realized that the only way to make recycling e-waste a habit was to make a law stopping people dumping (倾倒) e-waste. Then Lin met with Arthur Handy, the state representative, discussing the e-waste bill for Rhode Island. Unfortunately the bill did not pass. “We felt so sad,” says Brodie, a friend of Lin's.
But Lin and his team didn't give up. They wrote articles for newspapers and even made speeches in public. Soon, local media got Lin's story and helped spread the word to millions of people in the area. Finally, the House and Senate of Rhode Island passed the bill after seeing the 400 names on the petition (请愿书) Lin and his team had collected. They were excited. They had finally made it!
After the huge success, Lin decided that he could do even more for the world. And with that, his local WIN organization grew into the global WIN Network, encouraging other countries to take action on e-waste.
1. What led Lin to start to clear e-waste
A. A news report on the topic.
B. The influence from his community.
C. His interest in doing recycling work.
D. The encouragement from his friends.
2. How did Lin and his team deal with e-waste in the beginning
A. They made it into new electronics.
B. They sold it to the developing world.
C. They taught people how to use electronics.
D. They tried to make a law forbidding e-waste dumping.
3. How did the work of getting the bill passed go
A. It went as well as expected.
B. It was slowed by the local media.
C. It was difficult but it was worth it.
D. It was fruitless and let people down.
4. What is the main purpose of this text
A. To explain the harm of e-waste.
B. To encourage more people to join WIN.
C. To call on people to protect the environment.
D. To introduce some stories about a young environmentalist.
B
The world's oldest known wild bird, an albatross (信天翁) named Wisdom, has returned to her nesting place in the Midway Atoll. The 68-year-old bird has just laid another egg.
The Midway Atoll is made of two small islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. It is an important place for albatrosses, and an important place for scientists who want to study them. One of the ways scientists can study birds is by banding (给……戴环志) them. Putting a small numbered band on the leg of a bird, helps scientists tell which bird is which. This makes it easier to keep track of what happens among the birds. Over 250,000 albatrosses have been banded on Midway since 1936.
Wisdom was first banded by scientist Chandler Robbins in 1956, along with thousands of other albatrosses. At the time, she was at least 5 years old. Wisdom carried Robbins' band around the world for many years. Then, surprisingly, the scientist and the bird were reunited in 2002, when Robbins returned to Midway to research albatrosses again. He rebanded Wisdom and, checking the band records, discovered he had been the first one to put a band on her — 46 years before.
Wisdom was using the same nesting place. Adult albatrosses spend a lot of their lives flying over the sea, resting from time to time on the water to eat. But they return to the same nesting place every year. When albatrosses choose a partner (配偶), they remain partners for life. But Wisdom has been alive so long that she has had a few partners.
Wisdom is not just old, she is also active. Because it takes so much time and energy for parent albatrosses to raise a chick — it takes about seven months until it can fly — many albatrosses lay eggs every other year. But Wisdom has laid an egg every single year since 2006. Because Wisdom has been laying eggs for so long, she could have her chicks and the chicks of her chicks all around her. There may soon be one more to add to the list.
5. What does the author want to do in Paragraph 2
A. Use an example to support the topic.
B. Offer some background information.
C. Give an explanation for what happened.
D. Attract the readers' interest in the topic.
6. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A. How albatrosses are banded.
B. How biologists study albatrosses.
C. The life of Wisdom since she was banded.
D. The connection between Wisdom and a scientist.
7. What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to
A. Wisdom.
B. Wisdom's chick.
C. A baby albatross.
D. A parent albatross.
8. How is Wisdom different from ordinary albatrosses
A. She lays an egg every year.
B. She uses different nesting spots.
C. She changes partners very often.
D. She has been banded several times.
参考答案
21-25 BCBDC 26-30 CBDBA 31-35 DDCBA 36-40 DBGFE
41-45 BAACB 46-50 DCDAD 51-55 BBDAA 56-60 CBDAC
61. an 62. it 63. problems 64. thought 65. eventually
66. be seen 67. to warn 68. as 69. be 70. them
短文改错
71. ... many difference plants ... difference → different
72. ... the greenhouse warmly ... warmly → warm
73. ... I tell my mom ... tell → told
74. I asked her ... her后加if或whether
75. ... in ours backyard. ours → our
76. ... greenhouse sound like ... sound → sounds
77. ... lot of works. works → work
78. ... good at make ... make → making
79. ... have the try. the → a
80. ... so much many ... 去掉much
书面表达
One possible version:
Dear Sir / Madam,
I've just returned from a trip to your tourist spot. I'm writing to say something about the traffic problems there.
I found there're not enough parking lots, forcing some drivers to park anywhere they can on the road. Besides, some traffic signs have been damaged seriously.
Therefore, I think first of all, you should replace the damaged road signs with new ones as soon as possible, because they can cause safety problems. And it's a good idea to set up more parking lots, which can make it easier for drivers to park their cars and also make the spot tidier.
I hope you can take my suggestions into consideration. I believe your tourist spot will be more attractive if you can improve the traffic conditions.
Yours,
Li Hua
部分解析
阅读理解
第一节
A篇
主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习
本文是应用文。文章为四家餐厅的顾客餐后评论。
21. B。细节理解题。由The Orchard部分中的We chose to eat in the garden which was full of beautiful flowers and very relaxing可知，在这家餐厅，顾客可选择在花园用餐。
22. C。细节理解题。由Park Inn部分中的The best thing about Park Inn was the service可知，这家餐厅最好的方面是服务。
23. B。细节理解题。由Richard's Place部分中的we were surprised by the lovely interior design of it. So stylish, so modern可知，这家餐厅内部装饰很好，顾客用餐时可欣赏其现代、时尚的装潢。
B篇
主题语境：人与自我——做人与做事
本文是记叙文。一个曾露宿街头的人凭着机遇和努力成为一位成功的慈善商人，为无家可归的人提供食物。
24. D。推理判断题。由第三段可知，Mark在从商之前，经历了婚姻破裂、失业并无家可归露宿街头数月。因此，他的那段日子是艰辛的。
25. C。细节理解题。由第三段中的The 51-year-old soon found himself homeless ... in 2006和第四段、第五段以及第六段中的When the service came to a stop 8 years later, ... run his own business可知，2006年时，露宿街头的Mark经人救助来到一个施食处帮忙。8年后，该处停止服务，Mark便开始创建自己的生意。
26. C。细节理解题。由第二段和倒数第二段可知，Mark创建的慈善组织City Harvest从多家饭店、超市等收集不用的食物，将其送至多家施食处或其他慈善机构，为需要的人们提供食物。
27. B。细节理解题。由最后一段可知，City Harvest目前正在筹集资金用来雇佣司机，把食物送给更多需要的人。
C篇
主题语境：人与社会——社会
本文是说明文。在我们进行消费时，是不是选择越多越好呢？本文通过研究发现告诉我们答案。
28. D。细节理解题。根据第二、三段可知，第一次测试吸引了40%的顾客来品尝果酱，而第二次测试吸引了60%的顾客来品尝果酱。
29. B。推理判断题。根据第二、三段可知，第一次测试提供给顾客6种果酱，吸引了40%的顾客，其中有30%的顾客选择购买；第二次测试提供给顾客24种果酱，吸引了60%的顾客，但其中只有3%的顾客选择购买。因此，增加顾客的选择反而降低了最终购买率。
30. A。细节理解题。根据第五、六段可知，表面上人们喜欢多一些选择，而事实上并非如此——他们并不喜欢选择太多。
31. D。推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，作者认为，选择不是越多越好，3到6个最佳。他列举Firefox's about:config就是为了证明自己的这一观点。Firefox's about:config隐藏了很多可有可无的选择，展现给大多数用户的应该是很有限的选择。
D篇
主题语境：人与社会——社会
本文是议论文。作者主要分析了乘坐公共交通工具的益处，劝说人们多乘坐公共交通工具，并给出了相应的建议。
32. D。推理判断题。第二段的主旨句是taking public transit instead of ...traffic accident by more than 90%，下文列举数据是为了论证该主旨句，即乘坐公共交通工具比驾驶私家车更安全。
33. C。词义猜测题。第一和第二段阐述了乘坐公共交通工具的好处，第三段用Unfortunately开头，说明下文涉及的内容出现了转折；且由第四段中的Even as ridership in the rest of the country decreases可知，虽然公共交通工具有益处，但乘坐公共交通工具的人数却在下降。
34. B。细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的the Orange County ... 19.6% increase since September 2017可知，近来，橙县乘坐公共交通工具的人数有所上升。
35. A。写作目的题。作者首先阐述了乘坐公共交通工具的好处，紧接着介绍了人们乘坐公共交通工具的现状，最后呼吁人们尽可能地使用公共交通服务。作者写前半部分内容是为后面的内容做铺垫，因此，本文作者的主要写作目的是鼓励人们乘坐公共交通工具。
第二节
主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习
本文是说明文。阅读是学习一门外语的有效途径。通过阅读来学习外语时，有什么需要注意的地方呢？
36. D。D项起到承上启下的作用，承接上文“阅读”，引起下文“英语学习”。
37. B。B项中的It指代上文中的a 600-page classic novel，说明选择大部头小说名著会让英语初学者对自己的英语水平感到沮丧。
38. G。本空所在段涉及阅读时用词典查阅生词的问题，故G项符合语境。
39. F。F项与上文At first it may seem that reading has become a boring task存在时间上的递进关系和意义上的轻微转折关系，说明阅读英文原版书籍时，一开始像是令人厌烦的任务，但一旦你被带入故事当中，就会发现自己根本停不下来。
40. E。E项是上文The more you read the more ... sentence structures所产生的积极影响，读得越多，懂得越多，学英语的信心就越足。
语言知识运用
第一节
主题语境：人与自我——生活
本文是记叙文。一名叫Shamatt的男子丢了钱包。没想到，钱包不仅被好心人寄了回来，而且钱包里面的钱还多了。
41. B。由上文的描述可知，Shamatt的钱包不见了。再结合下文中的but it was his sister's wedding weekend and he didn't want to make a big deal of it可推断，Shamatt有些“沮丧（unhappy）”。
42. A。由上文中的he realized his wallet was gone可知，他想自己也许将钱包“落（lost）”在飞机上了。
43. A。由本句中的He thought maybe he ... it on his plane from Omaha to Vegas可知，他给“航 空公司（airline）”打了个电话。
44. C。由下文的描述可知，Shamatt给航空公司打了电话，但是并没有找到自己的钱包，因此，此处表示他“运气（luck）”不好。
45. B。由上文的描述以及下文中的I never ... to see my wallet again, let alone with $40 more 可知，Shamatt心想自己的钱包永远“找不回来了（gone）”。
46. D。由第一段可知，Shamatt丢了钱包，里面有自己的身份证。故此处表示他很“担心（worried）”自己没有身份证不能登机。
47. C。由本句中的After an hour-long interview以及下文的描述可知，经过长达一个小时的面谈，Shamatt最后被“许可（allowed）”登机。
48. D。由语境可知，有人将Shamatt的钱包寄了回来，钱包完好无损，perfectly符合语境。
49. A。下文中的the note是提示。
50. D。Shamatt的钱包里原来有60美元的现金。寄包裹的人把他的现金增添到100美元，希望“这样（so）” Shamatt就可以庆祝成功找回钱包了。
51. B。由上文可知，Shamatt收到一个包裹，里面有他的钱包，还有一张便条。再结合便条的内容可知，此处表示他“看了（reading）”便条，简直觉得不可思议。
52. B。由本句中的none of us could believe it可知，所有人都很“惊讶（surprised）”。
53. D。54. A。55. A。由上文可知，Shamatt的钱包不仅失而复得，而且钱包里面的钱还多了。因此，Shamatt想感谢那位“好心（kind）”人，他将便条的照片“发布（posted）”到Facebook上，希望大家能帮忙“找到（finding）”那位好心人。
56. C。由上文中的It got thousands of likes and shares以及下文中的Shamatt wrote Brown a letter可知，“最终（Finally）”，Shamatt找到了那位好心人。
57. B。由上文的描述以及下文中的Thank you so much可知，Shamatt非常 “感激（appreciate）”Brown先生。
58. D。由上文的描述以及本句中的let alone with $40 more可知，Shamatt对找回钱包早已不抱“希望（expected）”，更不会想到钱包里还会多出40美元。
59. A。由本句中的 I've got student loans以及下文中的how meaningful his act had been to the Shamatt family可知，对Shamatt来说，Brown先生所做的一切很重要，故填difference。make a difference意为“有作用”。
60. C。由下文中的he cried可知， Brown先生得知自己的所作所为对Shamatt一家来说意义重大，他也很受“感动（touched）”。
第二节
主题语境：人与社会——社会
本文是说明文。文章解释了为什么交通信号灯要用红、黄、绿3种颜色。
61. an。考查不定冠词。from an early age 意为“从小时候”。
62. it。考查it的用法。设空处作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语to know that before traffic lights ... there were traffic signals for trains，故填it。
63. problems。考查名词复数。设空处作宾语，表示“问题”，problem是可数名词，由其前的a few可知，此处应用其复数形式，故填problems。
64. thought。考查一般过去时。设空处与mistook并列作谓语，表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填thought。
65. eventually。考查副词。设空处作状语，表示“最后”，故填副词eventually。
66. be seen。考查被动语态。it在此指代red，red与see之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。因为设空处前有情态动词can，故填be seen。
67. to warn。考查不定式作补语的用法。be used to do sth. 意为 “被用来做某事”。
68. as。考查介词。not as / so +形容词原级+ as ... 表示“不像……那样……”。
69. be。考查祈使句。设空处所在句是祈使句，故填动词原形be。
70. them。考查代词。设空处作宾语, 指代traffic lights，表示“它们”，故填them。
选做题参考答案及解析
参考答案
1-4 AACD 5-8 BDCA
解析
A篇
主题语境：人与自然——环境保护
本文是记叙文。一位少年了解到电子垃圾的危害后，果断采取行动，清理、回收利用电子垃圾。
1. A。细节理解题。由第二段中的One day, Lin was just reading the newspaper ... decided to take action可知，Lin看报纸时注意到一篇有关电子垃圾的文章，了解到这类垃圾中的化学物质对环境的危害，于是决定采取行动。
2. A。细节理解题。由第三段中的That's when Lin and his team ... into new computers可知，一开始，Lin和他的团队回收利用电子垃圾，制成新的电子设备。
3. C。推理判断题。由第四段和第五段可知，Lin想要通过立法禁止人们倾倒电子垃圾，但过程比较曲折。一开始，这项法案并没有被通过，但他和团队成员并没有放弃，转而利用媒体和公众的力量再次发起申请。最终，他们的愿望达成，禁止人们倾倒电子垃圾的法案被通过。因此，该法案被通过的过程是艰难的，但所有的努力都是值得的。
4. D。写作目的题。本文主要介绍了一个少年回收电子垃圾保护环境的故事，包括他做这件事情的原因和采取的行动等，如创建WIN、传播电子垃圾知识、回收电子垃圾零件并制成新电脑送给需要的人、申请立法以禁止人们倾倒电子垃圾、扩大WIN组织规模、鼓励更多的人为清理电子垃圾贡献力量。
B篇
主题语境：人与自然——自然生态
本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一只世界上已知最长寿的信天翁——Wisdom。
5. B。写作目的题。作者在第二段首先简单介绍了Midway Atoll，说明该地是信天翁的重要栖息地，同时也是科学家研究信天翁的重要地点；接着作者介绍了科学家研究信天翁的一种手段——给它们佩戴环志，以了解它们的行踪。这部分内容为第一段中Wisdom的产卵地Midway Atoll和第三段中Wisdom佩戴环志提供了背景信息。
6. D。段落大意题。第三段主要讲述了Wisdom被科学家Chandler Robbins佩戴环志的故事。这位科学家在Wisdom大约五岁时给她戴上了环志，令人意想不到的是，46年后，他偶然间为Wisdom戴上了另一个环志，并认出了这位多年前的“故人”。
7. C。篇章结构题。划线单词所在句句意：信天翁抚养幼鸟要花费大量的时间和精力，它（信天翁幼鸟）需要经历七个月时间的成长才能飞翔，所以，许多信天翁都是隔年产卵。
8. A。细节理解题。由最后一段中的many albatrosses lay eggs ... every single year since 2006可知，许多信天翁隔年产卵，但Wisdom自2006年以来每年都产卵。