2022年牛津深圳版中考英语语法专项讲义（八）---动词时态（2）用法考点详解+练习（无答案）

中考语法专题（八）---动词的时态（2）考点解析
一，一般过去时
主要是用来描述在过去某个时候发生的动作或存在的状态。它也可以用来表示在过去某段时间里经常发生的习惯性动作。这一点在表达意义上与一般现在时相同，只是所在的时间区域不同而已。由于它的主要作用如此，所以在使用一般过去时的句子里常常有一个意义较具体的过去时间状语。这也是它与现在完成时的最大区别之一。
一般过去时由谓语动词的过去式表示，也就是说动词词末要加-ed（除不规则动词外）。常和一般过去时连用的过去时间状语有：
last night (week ,month , year , century , etc.) , yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning ( afternoon , evening ) , in 1999 , two hours ago ( one week ago , tree years ago , …)等等。
使用一般过去时，在某种意义上说就是要强调动作或状态发生或存在于过去的某个时候。"过去"的时间概念有两层意思：
一是指"现在某个时间"以前的时间；
二是指"说话、写文章的那个时间点"以前的时间，在这个意义上，"现在的那个时间点"是很小很小的，甚至于小到无法量化的程度。例如：
　 　He got his driving license last month. 他上个月拿到了驾照。
　　--Where's Jim 吉姆在哪里？ --He just went out.他刚刚出去。
二，过去进行时
主要表示在过去的某个时间点上正在发生、进行的动作。由于它的定义是表示在过去的某个时间点上正在发生、进行的动作，所以，句子常带有一个表示“过去某个时间点”的状语。这个状语可能是短语，词组，或是一个从句。也可能是通过上下文来表达这层意思。过去进行时主要用于下面的情景中：
1）表示在过去某时刻正在进行的动作，例如：
At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天这个时候，我正在收拾东西去露营。
When I came to see her last time, she was writing an article.上次我来看她的时候，她正在写一篇文章。
What were you doing at eight last night 昨晚八点钟你在做什么？
　　
2）用于故事的开头，交代故事发生的背景情况。
过去进行时所描述的动作是“正在进行”，所以，在这种情景中用“过去进行时”可以给读者一种“动感”，从而能使文章更加生动活泼。例如：
One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity … .一天晚上，他正在书房里打字。突然，一个人闯进屋来，切断了电源……
3)（仅限少数动词）表示在过去的未来时间要发生的动作。例如：
　　When National Day was coming near , they began to make a plan for the holiday .国庆节即将来临的时候，他们开始制订度假计划。
　　She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假。
　　My friend said to me that he was lunching with one of his customers that day .我朋友对我说，他今天要与他的一位客户一块儿吃午饭。
　　We left there when it's getting dark. 天快黑的时候，我们离开了那儿。
三，过去完成时：
用法：A 由时间状语来判定。
(1) by + 过去的时间点。 I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. 　　
(2) by the end of + 过去的时间点We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. 　　
(3) before + 过去的时间点。They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 　　
由“过去的过去”来判定。过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。　
(1) 宾语从句中,当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句
She said that she had seen the film before. 　　
(2) 状语从句中,在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
　　注意： before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。
After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
(3) 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…" 　　We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
四，过去将来时
表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作。但这个"将来"时间绝不会延伸到“现在”；而仅限于“过去时间区域内”。由此可以看出，含这个时态的句子常带一个表示“过去某个时间点”的状语。这个状语或是一个短语，或是一个句子。这个时态常用于：
　　A）宾语从句或间接引语中；
　　When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be . 当我考虑这件事时，我想知道他们的反应是什么。
　　She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day. 她告诉我，她第二天要去欧洲旅行。
　　He didn't expect that we would all be there. 他没料到我们会全在那儿。
　　
B）表示过去习惯性的动作；
During that period , he would do morning-exercises every day. 在那段时间，他每天早锻炼。
　　Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework. 无论他什么时间有空,他总是帮他妈妈干点家务活。
　　
C）表示过去情况中的“愿望”、“倾向”，多用于否定句。
No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it . 不管工作有多难，他总会坚持不懈地把它干完。
　　They knew that we would never permit such a thing. 他们知道我们绝不会允许发生这样的事。
　　Even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave . 甚至在讲座结束之后，听众仍不肯离去。
中考时态真题综合练习2（课外练习）
题组A
( )1. -Where is your English teacher I'm looking for him everywhere.
-He_______ the Internet in the computer room.
A. will search B. has searched C. searched D. is searching
( )2.-How well do you know the Opera House
-I know the place very well. I _______ Sydney many times.
A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have arrived in
( ) 3. Linda, with her parents, _______ the Wolf Hill, and they will be back this afternoon.
A. has gone to B. have gone to C. has been to D. have been to
( )4. -I've not finished my project yet.-Hurry up! Our friends_______ for us.
A. wait B. are waiting C. will wait D. have waited
( )5. Mr. Smith came to our school in 2008, and since then he_______ us English.
A. teaches B. taught C. has taught D. will teach
( )6. I _______ along the road when I saw Peter. So we stopped and had a chat.
A. walked B. was walking C. would walk D. had walked
( )7. Paul and I_______ tennis yesterday. He did much better than I.
A. play B. will play C. played D. are playing
( )8. My aunt is a writer. She_______ more than ten books since 1980.
A. writes B. Wrote C. has written D. will write
( )9. I will send you an e-mail as soon as I_______ in Canada.
A. arrive B. Arrived C. am arriving D. will arrive
( )10. -Where's Ben -He_______ to the teachers' office. He will be back soon.
A. go B. has gone C. has been
( )11. -Where were you at 7:00 last night -I_______ to my mom at home.
A. write B. was writing C. wrote
( )12. Mr. Weng came back from France in 2010, she_______ there for four years.
A. works B. worked C. has worked
( )13. I hear one of the pandas_______ a baby.
A. have B. are C. will be D. has
( )14. Look! The boys_______ football on the playground.
A. plays B. play C. are playing D. played
( )15. -Alan, it's late. Why not go to bed -Jenny hasn't come back, I_______ for her.
A. waited B. have waited C. am waiting D. was waiting
题组B
( )16. -Where is Jim now I haven't seen him for a long time. -He_______ Hong Kong for a week.
A. went B. has been in C. has been to D. has gone to
( )17. In our school there_______ a number of books on science and the number of them ______ growing larger and larger.
A. is; are B. are; is C. have; is D. has; is
( )18. He_______ leave _______ he finished reading the magazine.
doesn't; until B. doesn't; and C. didn't; until D. didn't; or
( )19. -Please turn off the TV. The baby_______-OK. I'll go out for a walk.
A. sleeps B. Slept C. is sleeping D. was sleeping
( )20. -Did you see Mr. Black just now -Yes. He _______ his car when I met hi
A. parked B. was parking C. parks D. will park
( )21. If there is any change to the plan, I_______ you as soon as possible.
A. told B. have told C. tell D. will tell
( )22. I was angry with John, he just _______ when I spoke to him.
A. isn't listening B. hasn't listened C. didn't listen D. wasn't listening
( )23.-When_______ you_______ reading Jane Eyre' -It's hard to say. I'm busy recently.
A. did; finish B. have; finished C. will; finish D. had; finished
( )24. -Hi, Lin Tao. I didn't see you at the party.-Oh, I _______ ready for the maths exam.
A. am getting B. was getting C. got D. have got
( )25. -Excuse me. What did you say you would like to do, Miss White
-I said I 'd better go back to the office, I someone this afternoon.
A. would meet B. Met C. am going to meet D. was meeting
( )26. -Is Mr. Smith still in Shanghai -Yes, he_______ there for two months.
A. has been B. has gone C. has been to D. has gone to
( )27.-Mary, could you tell me if your mother_______ our school sports meeting
-I think she will come to our school if she_______ free.
A. will take part in; will be B. takes part in; is
C. will take part in, is D. takes part in; will be
( )28. This morning I had hardly got to my school when it_______ to rain.
A. had begun B. was beginning C. began D. begins
( )29. -Why didn't you go to play football with us yesterday afternoon
-I_______ my mother with the housework then.
A. helped B. was helping C. had helped D. have been helping
( )30. -Will you please go to see the movie Guanyinshan with me
-No, I won't . I_______ it already.
A. saw B. have seen C. see D. will see