2022年中考英语二轮专题复习课件：题型专区·专题5 短文填空（44张ppt）

(共44张PPT)
第二篇　攻专题 · 能力提升
第二部分　中考题型专题突破
专题五 短文填空
短文填空的短文体裁以记叙文为主，高频话题包括：生活感悟、故事集萃(教育故事、情感故事)，词数在200～350之间。必考点包括：名词(考查角度包括名词单数变为复数或形容词变为名词)、形容词(考查角度包括形容词原级、原级变为其比较级或最高级、名词变为形容词)、代词(考查角度包括人称代词主格变为宾格、反身代词、形容词性物主代词
命题分析
或定语从句中的关系代词)、非谓语动词(考查角度包括动词不定式和动名词)、动词语态(考查角度包括一般过去时的被动语态、一般将来时的被动语态、情态动词的被动语态，其中以一般过去时的被动语态为主)、动词时态(考查角度包括现在完成时、现在进行时，其中现在完成时为必考点)。
技巧1　语境推测法
某些空缺词只有在具体的语言环境中才能确定要填的单词，因此，首先要掌握文章或句子大意，才能正确理解空缺词在句子中的意义，从而做出合理的推测。
解题技巧
技巧2　语法判断法
一般的空缺词都可以通过其所在句子的句型结构和句法功能来判断其词性，这样可以缩小空缺词的选择范围，提高选词的准确率。
技巧3　词形确定法
确定了空缺处单词的词性后，还要借助上下文确定其形式。若空缺处需要填写动词，那么就要考虑动词的时态、语态；若空缺处需要填写形容词，那么就要考虑形容词的原级、比较级、最高级等；若空缺处需要填代词，那么就要考虑代词的各种形式。
技巧4　固定搭配法
如果空缺处考查固定句型、结构或搭配，则应根据固定句型、结构或搭配来填写正确的形式。
技巧5　逻辑推理法
有些题不能通过某个句子直接得出答案，它需要学生进行语篇分析。一般来说句与句、段与段之间往往存在一定的逻辑关系或者起衔接作用的词语，如first、second、thirdly、finally、then等等。学生做题时，可以勾画出这些连接词，方便理清上下文之间的逻辑关系。
【典例精析】(2020·自贡)
You’re probably used to getting takeaway(外卖) delivered(递送) to your home these days. But the first pizza delivery in history took place nearly 150 years __76__ in Italy.
In 1878, Margherita became the first queen of Italy. Gradually, the queen got tired __77___eating “fancy” meals and wanted to eat “common” food.Esposito, the most famous pizza chef at that time, was asked to deliver
a pizza to the queen. He__78__(quick) prepared a pizza with red tomatoes, white cheese and green basil, which stood for the colors of Italy’s new__79__(nation) flag. As soon as the pizza was out of the oven, he delivered it to the queen__80__(him)．The queen had never eaten pizza before and said it was one of the__81__(good) things she’d ever eaten. Esposito named the pizza after the queen, and it has been served in nearly every pizza restaurant in the world ever since.
Today, pizza is still popular with people around the world.In 1973, US Domino’s Pizza company promised__82__(take)pizzas to customers in “30 minutes or less”. If the pizza was late, it would be free. Another US pizza company offers a “Hot N Ready” pizza at all its__83___(store). These pizzas __84__(cook) around the clock so that there are always fresh pizzas available. Go to the store, paying $6__85__you’ll walk out with a fresh pizza with no waiting time.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了外卖比萨的起源与今天的发展过程。
【试题解析】
76．答案　ago　解析　根据句子时态是一般过去时可以推断，这里是时间状语150 years ago，意为“150年前”。
77．答案　of　解析　固定搭配get tired of意为“厌倦……”。
78．答案　quickly　解析　题空处修饰动词prepared，用quick的副词形式quickly，表示“很快地准备好了一个比萨”。
79．答案　 national　解析　由空后的名词flag可知题空处要用形容词，nation的形容词形式是national。
80．答案　himself　解析　表示“他亲自把它(披萨)送给女王”，用反身代词himself。
81．答案　 best　解析　由“one of...”可知空处用形容词最高级形式，故填best。
82．答案　 to take　解析　固定搭配promise to do sth.意为“答应做某事”。
83．答案　stores　解析　根据all可知用名词复数形式stores。
84．答案　 are cooked　解析　主语these pizzas和动词cook之间是被动关系，并结合下文时态可知用一般现在时的被动语态。
85．答案　 and　解析　分析句子结构可知本句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句．”句型，表示“去这家(比萨)店，支付6美元，你不用等待就可以带着一个新鲜出炉的比萨走出去”。
【跟进训练】(2021·达州)
As you walk down the street，an object falls from a tall building and hits you.Who should be responsible for this？Or maybe you try to help someone in danger，but you 76.____________hurt the person.Will you get in trouble for this？Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China (《中华人民共和国民法典》) will give you the 77.___________.
accidentally　
answers　
On May 28th，the National People’s Congress(全国人民代表大会) agreed China’s first ever Civil Code.With 1,260 articles，it is a collection of laws that is about personal issues，78._________ property(财物)，marriage，family，personality rights，and inheritances (继承)．It’s like an encyclopedia(百科全书) for social life.
including　
China does have laws that cover these issues.79.__________，all kinds of these laws are not unified.The Civil Code gathers them into one unified document and makes improvements.With the Civil Code，China hopes to set up a country under the rule of law with 80._______ protection for civil rights.
However　
better　
One special thing about the code is the part about individual(个人的) rights.It’s a major innovation(创新) to form the individual rights into one part alone.This part includes laws 81.______relate to one’s body，health，name，image(肖像)，and fame.
Some of the laws in this part deal with how new technology 82.______　.For example，people who use AI face swap(调换) tools to make videos may go against 83._______image rights.The laws also provide data protection rights relating to possible data leaks by tech companies.
that
is used
others’
As we know，after the founding of the People’s Republic of China，there were several attempts to draft (起草) a Civil Code in 1954,1962,1979 and 2001.But the conditions 84.______ not good enough.In 2015，China started to work on the present code and 85.__________ it after 5 years.The code took effect on Jan.1st,2021.
were
completed
2022年迎考特训
话题1：人物故事
A(2021·四川眉山)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A Chinese dance drama 1.__________(make) the first appearance on social media platforms abroad already，causing a wave of discussion on the beauty of Chinese culture among art lovers worldwide.
has made
The dance drama Li Bai is2.____classic play made by the China National Opera and Dance Drama Theater.It has touched people all over the world 3._____telling the story of Tang Dynasty (618 A．D.—907 A．D.) poet Li Bai.
Li Bai was born in 701 A．D. 4._____ died in 762 A．D.Maybe because he traveled around so much when he was little，he decided 5.　to keep　(keep) traveling around the land when he was 25 years old.He wanted
a
by
and
to learn more about nature and people.He expressed his feelings through the beautiful words in his poems.People 6._______(real) liked his poems.Even today people still admire his poems，not only adults，but 7._________(child)too.Kids start to learn his poems when they are in primary schools.Li Bai is one of the 8._______________(important) poets in China.He is just as important as William Shakespeare to the world.
Last month，the dance drama Li Bai 9._____________(watch) over 5.57 million times.And China has once again carried Chinese culture forward in 10._____(it) own way.
really
children
most important
was watched
its
B(2021·湖北黄石)
从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。每空只填一词。
Last night I went to a concert of Chinese folk music with my Chinese friends.A piece of music named Erquan Yingyue(Moon Reflected on Second Spring) deeply moved me.It was one of the most 1.________ pieces of music
as　develop　during　really　move
music　sad　think　treasure　write
moving
I've ever heard.It sounded so sad that I almost cried along with it 2.____ I listened.Later I got to know the music was 3.________by a folk musician Abing.Today it has become one of China's national 4.___________.
However，the road to his success was not easy.His mother died when he was young.His father taught him to play many 5.________ instruments.By age 17，he was known for his talent in music.Unluckily，his father died.What was worse，he 6.__________ a serious illness and became
as
written
treasures
musical
develped
blind.He had no choice but to perform on the streets to make money.His excellent skills made him popular 7.________ his lifetime.He played and wrote many pieces of music.When we listen to his music，we can sense the beauty and 8._________ in it.It makes us 9.________ about the wounds and pain we have experienced.For this reason，many people praise him as the musician who has greatly influenced erhu music.So it's 10._________ a pity that not many pieces of his music were recorded.
during
sadness
think
really
话题2：科普知识
C(2021·广西北部湾经济区)
根据短文内容，从方框中选择恰当的单词填空。每个单词只能用一次，每空一词。
There are many colors in nature.But do you think that a color has weight？Let's do a test.
tests　same　out　refuse　with
heavier　or　healthy　like　four
First，put two objects with the 1.________ weight into two boxes.Then cover the boxes.Third，wrap (包裹) one box with a red piece of paper，the other with white.Now hold the boxes 2.______your hand one by one.Which one is 3.________？It is certain that you will think the red one is heavier.Why do you think so？A scientist did many 4._______ and found that different colors have different weights in a man's mind.
same
with
heavier
tests
Also，scientists say that people accept the colors they like，and
5._______ the colors they hate.So your body and mind will be 6._______　 by using the colors you like.Or you'll be nervous 7.____ even get ill.For example，you 8.______ blue and hate red.If you stay in a room with red windows and wallpaper for two hours，you'll feel you have been there for 9.　______hours.But if the room is blue，you'll feel you have been there for only an hour，And，if a person walks 10._____of a blue room and into a red room，his temperature will rise.That means our body temperature will change with different colors.
refuse
healthy
or
like
four
out
话题3：社会热点
D(2021·四川德阳改编)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Students showed 1._______(they) fear and parents and teachers also expressed their worries about school violence.Experts hope that 2._____whole society pay more attention to the mental health of teenagers.
their
the
School violence is a big problem 3._________needs our great attention.We should make every effort to prevent violence 4.__________　 (happen) at school，for some students would be afraid of going to school if their personal 5.________ (safe) couldn't be guaranteed.
In fact，violence can 6._________(learn)．Children learn violent behavior from adults or from what they see on television or on the Internet.
which/that
happening
safety
be learned
If I meet with school violence，I will not answer violence with violence，for it will lead to 7._______ (much) fighting.If I meet with school violence，I 8.__________ (tell) my teachers or parents about it.I think they will help me deal with it well and they will protect me from bad 9._______　 (guy)．
All in all，every student should behave well and keep away 10.______　 violence.
more
will tell
guys
from
E(2021·四川广元)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个恰当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。
Winter Olympics is also 1.________ (call) the White Olympics.
International Olympic Committee (IOC，国际奥委会) handed the 2022 Olympic events to Beijing 2.____ July 31th,2015.The IOC saw it as a wise 3._______ (choose)．Beijing will be the first city to host both summer 4.　______ winter Games in the world after it hosted the 2008 summer Olympics.
called
on
choice
and
Thousands of Chinese people, 5.__________(especial) teenagers，are interested in winter sports because they can get a lot of fun from it.People all think that 6.__________ (host) the 2022 Olympic Winter Games will encourage more young people 7.________(join) in ice and snow sports.The Bird's Nest Stadium and the Water Cube will again welcome the sports 8.　________ (love) from home and abroad.We believe that Chinese people will show 9.____ excellent Olympics to the world.We are sure that people all over the world will enjoy 10.__________ (they) during the Games.Let's look forward to it!
especially
hosting
to join
lovers
an
themselves
F(2021·四川自贡改编)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
During the unusual winter holiday in 2020，we stayed at home for two 1.________ (month) because of COVID 19.But my father，a member of the Communist Party of China，didn't stay 2.______ us at home for too long.
months
with
When my dad heard about some 3.________ (use) work，he became a volunteer in a rural area to help check people's information and spread knowledge about COVID 19.As the situation became much 4.______(bad)，24 hour traffic checkpoints were set up on the main roads to the village.There was only 5.________simple tent，a few chairs and two heaters for volunteers 6.__________ (spend) the night.The winter night was very cold and the volunteers could hardly sleep.But my father 7.________ (final) chose to stay because he wanted to guard the gate for other people.
useful
worse
a/one
to spend
finally
Dad 8._______ (join) the Party a few years ago.At first，I didn't know much about it.After the pandemic，I learned that the Party members are people 9.__________will step forward when our country needs us.When I grow up，I want to become one of 10._______ (they)．Even if I am not a Party member，I will make contributions to our society，making it a much better place.
joined
who/that
them
话题4：介绍说明
G(2021·广西玉林)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
Dear Mary，
I've already gotten your email.I'm very glad that you are interested in the cultural relics(文物) of China.Let me tell you something about it.
If you want to learn about the cultural relics of our country，you may consider visiting museums or 1.________(read) books.Now there is a new way 2.__________(learn)about the cultural relics.It is to watch a CCTV show 3._________(name)National Treasure.Do you want to know more about the new way？Just read on.
reading
to learn
named
National Treasure is a popular show 4.____Sunday.It has ten episodes(集)．It shows twenty seven treasures from 5._______(ninth) museums across China.After it was first 6._______(show) on December 3rd,2017，it soon became popular.The 7.__________(direct) of the show said that it made national treasures come “alive”．
on
nine
shown
director
8．________________it's a show about old relics，it looks very new and modern.There is a large LED screen on the stage(舞台)．The screen will show every detail(细节) of the treasures.
The show tells the stories and history behind the treasures.It also invites famous actors to act out 9._______(this) stories on the stage.The actors even use modern words and sentences in their performances.
Although/Though
these
A lot of people love the show and they are the fans of National Treasure.One of the fans said，“National Treasure really brings museums and cultural relics 10._____people in a modern and interesting way.”
So much for National Treasure.Let's talk about it face to face next time.I'm looking forward to seeing you soon.
Yours，
He Ting
to
话题5：做法建议
H(2021·四川绵阳)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个恰当的词或括号内单词的正确形式(不超过三个单词)。
How many backpacks have you owned since you went to school？Backpacks 1._____________(become) common and popular among students in the past 30 years.If your backpacks become old，will you just treat them as rubbish and throw them away？Five years ago，a research 2._________ (show)
have become
showed
that 85% of the old backpacks ended up in rubbish.But as we know，most backpacks are produced from different 3.________ (material)．If we throw them away，they will be harmful 4.____ our environment.
Although some of the old backpacks are no longer of their right color or size，there are still many things you can do with them.Here are some 5.________ (use) ways for you.For example，do you feel it difficult to find 6.________ (you) tools in the house？You can solve
materials
to
useful
your
this problem by 7._________ (make) use of your old backpacks to store all kinds of tools.Also，it is 8.___ wonderful idea that you can put your old backpacks online for sale.Besides，offering your backpacks to other poor kids is another good choice，as those old backpacks may make their life 9._______________(convenient) than before.
All in all，old backpacks are still of great value as long as we put them into use 10.________ (wise)．Remember：rubbish can be turned into treasures!
making
a
more convenient
wisely