2022中考英语总复习教材同步导学案(教师版)
Units 13~14
重点词汇
1. advantage (n.) 优点;有利条件→disadvantage(n.)缺点,不利因素
2. wood(n.) 木头,木材 →wooden (adj.)木制的;木头的
3. harm(v./n.) 伤害,损害→harmful (adj.)有害的→harmless (adj.)无害的,不致伤的
4. fish(n.) 鱼→fishermen(n.)渔民
5. industry (n.)工业;行业i→ndustrial(adj.)工业的;产业的
6. inspire (v.)激发→inspiration (n.)灵感;鼓舞人心的人(或事物)
7. create (v.) 创造;造成→ creation (n.) 创造;作品→creative(adj.)有创造力的;创造性的→creativity (n.)创造力;独创性
8. overcome (v.) 克服;战胜→overcame(过去式) → overcome(过去分词)
9. graduate (v.)毕业;获得学位→graduated (adj.)大学毕业的,研究生的→ graduation (n.) 毕业
10. congratulate (v.) 祝贺→congratulation(n.)祝贺,恭喜
11. response (n.) 答复; 反应→responsible (adj.)有责任的→responsibility(n.) 责任,职责;义务
12. separate (v.) 使分开(adj.) 分离的,分开的 → separately ad单独地,各自地 → separation (n.) 分离,分开,单独
13. gentle(adj.) 温和,高雅,温柔→gently(adv.)温和,高雅,温柔→gentleman(n.)先生;绅士→gentlemen(pl.)
重点短语
1. be harmful to对……有害
2. take part in参加
3. pay for 付费;付出代价
4. take action 采取行动
5. throw away 扔掉;抛弃
6. put sth. too good use好好利用某物
7. pull …down 拆下;摧毁
8. upside down 颠倒;倒转
9. look back at 回首(往事);回忆;回顾
10. make a mess 弄得一团糟,一塌糊涂
11. keep one’ s cool 沉住气;保持冷静
12. first of all 首先
13. be thirsty for 渴望;渴求
14. be thankful to sb. 对某人心存感激
15. ahead of 在……前面
16. along with 连同;除……以外还
17. be responsible for对……负责任
18. set out 出发;启程
19. separate from分离;隔开
重点句型结构
1.This is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment.这不仅残忍,而且对环境有害。
2.Without a fin, a shark can no longer swim and slowly dies. 鳍,鲨鱼就不能再游泳,慢慢死去。
3.The numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years.
在过去的20到30年里,某些种类的鲨鱼的数量下降了90%以上。
4.Amy isn't the only one who is good at recycling.艾米并不是唯一一个擅长回收的人。
考点透视
考点1 afford的用法
We can’t afford to wait any longer to take action. 我们不能再等了,必须采取行动。(Unit 13p100)
afford v. 负担得起,买得起
afford +n./pron.买得起……
afford to do sth.负担得起做某事
常与 can, could, be able to 连用,表示“担负得起(…的费用、损失、后果等)”或“抽得出(时间)”。
We couldn’t afford (to buy) a computer. 我们当时买不起一台电脑。
We can’t afford to pay such a price. 我们付不起这个价钱。
They did not consider whether they could afford the time or not. 他们没有考虑是否抽得出时间。
考点2 辨析bring ,take, carry, get与fetch
If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life.如果它们的数量下降得太低,它将给所有海洋生物带来危险。
考点 用法 例句
bring 把某物/某人带到说话人之处 The teacher asked the students to bring their dictionaries to the classroom.老师让学生们把字典带到教室。
take 把某物/某人从说话人之处带到别处 Please take the letter to the post office.请把这封信送到邮局去。
carry 不强调方向,但有负重感 She carried her child on her back. 她把孩子背在背上。
get 去别处把某物/某人带来 Go and get your notebook.去把你的笔记本拿来。
fetch 强调动作的往返 Let's go and fetch some water.我们去提点水来吧。
考点3 so far的用法
So far, no scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health,到目前为止,还没有科学研究表明鱼翅对健康有益,
so far意为“到目前为止”,是现在完成时的标志,所以要用现在完成时。
【考点连线】
1.【2021年云南省】34. The documentary Aerial China《航拍中国》is wonderful. So far, I ________ it three times.
A. watched B. will watch C. have watched D. watch
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:纪录片《航拍中国》很棒。到目前为止,我已经看了三次了。根据“So far”可知,此处用现在完成时,强调次数,故选C。
2.【2021年江苏苏州市】6. The documentary A Plastic Ocean is so impressive that I ________ it several times so far.
A. watched B. watch C. have watched D. will watch
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:纪录片《塑料海洋》令人印象深刻,到目前为止我已经看过好几次了。根据“so far”可知,此处用现在完成时,结构为have/has+动词过去分词,主语为I,助动词用have。故选C。
3.【2020湖北孝感】7.So far, the number of people using 5G mobile phones __________ a lot.
A. is increasing B. are increasing C. has increased D. have increased
【答案】C
【解析】考查现在完成时。句意:到目前为止,使用5G手机的人数增加了很多。increase增加。根据题干中时间状语“So far”可知句子要用现在完成时,排除AB;再由主语中有“the number of ...”表示“……的数量”,可知助动词用has而不用have,排除D。故选C。
考点4 辨析separate与divide
It is always hard to separate from those whom you have spent so much time with for the past three years.你总是很难与那些在过去三年里花了这么多时间与你在一起的人分开。
(Unit14p110)5
词汇 含义 用法
separate v.分开;分离 通常指把原来连在一起或靠近的东西分隔开来,separate…from…把……与……分开来
adj.分开的;分离的 separate bedrooms独立卧室
divide 分开 通常指把整体分为若干部分,divide…into…把……分开
The world is divided into seven continents. 世界被分成七大洲。
We’d better separate the good apples from the bad ones. 我们最好把好苹果和坏的分开。
【考点连线】
【2021年辽宁省抚顺市】12. Junior high school days are over and it’s hard to ________ our dear teachers and friends.
A. separate from B. deal with C. believe in D. depend on
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:初中时代结束了,很难与我们亲爱的老师和朋友分开。
separate from与……分开;deal with处理;believe in信任;depend on依赖。根据“it’s hard to … our dear teachers and friends”可知,很难与初中的老师和朋友分开,故选A。
考点5 which/that引导定语从句
I see I've just read a book which gives ideas about how we can save the environment.我看到我刚刚读了一本书,它给出了关于我们如何拯救环境的想法。
关系词 作用 先行词 例句
that. which 主语、宾语 物 I love music that/which)I can sing along with.我喜欢我能跟着一起唱的音乐。
whose 定语 人/物 The room whose window is open is mine.窗户开着的那个房间是我的。
when 状语 时间 I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.我仍然记得你去北京的那一天。
where 状语 地点 This is the school where my mother works.这就是我的妈妈工作的学校。
why 状语 原因 That is the reason why I came here.那就是我来这儿的原因。
注意:定语从句中引导词只能用that的情况;
(1)当先行词为anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时、只能使用that。如:
Is there anything that I can do for you 我能为你做点什么吗?
(2)当先行词为all, any, much, many等词时,只能使用that。如:
Tom told his mother all that had happened.汤把所有发生的事都告诉了他的妈妈。
(3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时,只能使用。如:
This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had,这是我度过的最美好的时光。
(4)当先行词被序数词修饰时,只能使用at。如:
He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。
(5)当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时,只能使用that。如:
This will be the last chance that he can get.这将会是他可以得到的最后一次机会。
He is the only person that can help you out.他是唯一能帮你走出困境的人。
(6)先行词里同时含有人和物时,只能使用that。如:
They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的人和事。
【考点连线】
1.【2021年十堰市】13. This is the first birthday gift _________ I received. I’ve kept it many years.
A. which B. that C. who D. what
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意:这是我收到的第一份生日礼物。我保存了很多年了。which关系代词,指物,在从句中作主语或宾语;that关系代词,指人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语;who关系代词,指人,在从句中作主语;what不能引导定语从句;句子先行词是gift,指物,而先行词前有序数词修饰,应用that引导,故选B。
2.【2021年贵州安顺市】13. Abing’s Erquan Yingyue is a piece of music _________ has become one of China’s national treasures.
A. who B. which C. whose
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意:阿炳的《二泉映月》是一首已成为中国国宝之一的音乐作品。
who关系代词,指人,作主语;which关系代词,指物,作主语或宾语;whose关系代词,指人或物,作定语;先行词“music”,指物,在从句中作主语,应用which引导,故选B。
【2021辽宁营口】17. I’ll never forget the place ________ we visited together last year.
A. which B. what C. who D. whom
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我永远不会忘记我们去年一起去过的那个地方。which哪一个;what什么;who谁;whom谁,who的宾语。该句为定语从句,且从句中缺宾语,先行词place指物,故应用关系代词which,故选A。
3.【2021四川达州】14. —Could you tell me ________ kind of movies you like best
—Umm…. I like the movies ________ make me laugh.
A. what; which B. what; what C. which; what D. which; where
【答案】A
【解析】考查宾语从句连接词及定语从句关系词。句意:——你能告诉我你最喜欢哪一类电影吗?——嗯……我喜欢让我笑的电影。根据“... kind of movies”可知此处用what kind表示“什么种类”;the movies后用定语从句作后置定语,先行词“the movies”指物, 此处用which引导定语从句。故选A。
4.【2021湖南株洲】7. The active ladies like music ________ they can dance to.
A. that B. where C. who
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:活跃的女士们喜欢可以随着音乐跳舞的音乐。此句是定语从句,先行词music指物,在从句中作宾语,用that引导定语从句,故选A。
5.【2020福建泉州】13.—The TV show Say Hello to Life is popular recently.
—Yes. It's the only program ________ I watched this month.
A. that B. who C. what
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:——最近这个电视节目《向生活问好》很流行。——是的。它是这个月我唯一看过的节目。分析句子可知定语从句的先行词为the only program,先行词为物,所以用关系代词that,故选A。
6.【2020 黑龙江哈尔滨市中考】—What are they talking about
—They are talking about the greatest inventions ________ have made a big difference to our daily life.
A. which B. who C. that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意:——他们在谈论什么?——他们正在谈论对我们日常生活产生重大影响的最伟大的发明。which先行词指物,在从句中作主语、宾语或定语;who先行词指人,在从句中作主语;that先行词指人或物,在从句中做主语、宾语或表语。结合题干可知先行词“inventions”指物,且在从句中作主语,排除B;先行词前有形容词最高级“the greatest”修饰,关系词不能用which只能用that,排除A。故选C。
7.【2020 四川省成都市中考】The book ________cover has a beautiful picture is Lily's.
A. which B. whose C. that
【答案】B
【解析】句意:封面上有漂亮图画的那本书是莉莉的。本题考查定语从句。which引导定语从句,作主语,宾语或表语;whose引导定语从句,作定语;that引导定语从句,作主语,宾语或表语。此处修饰名词cover用whose。故选B。
172022中考英语总复习教材同步导学案(学生版)
Units 13~14
重点词汇
1. advantage (n.) 优点;有利条件→___________ (n.)缺点,不利因素
2. wood(n.) 木头,木材 →___________ (adj.)木制的;木头的
3. harm(v./n.) 伤害,损害→___________ (adj.)有害的→___________ (adj.)无害的,不致伤的
4. fish(n.) 鱼→___________ (n.)渔民
5. industry (n.)工业;行业→___________ (adj.)工业的;产业的
6. inspire (v.)激发→___________ (n.)灵感;鼓舞人心的人(或事物)
7. create (v.) 创造;造成→ ___________ (n.) 创造;作品→___________ (adj.)有创造力的;创造性的→___________ (n.)创造力;独创性
8. overcome (v.) 克服;战胜→___________ (过去式) →___________ (过去分词)
9. graduate (v.)毕业;获得学位→___________ (adj.)大学毕业的,研究生的→ ___________ (n.) 毕业
10. congratulate (v.) 祝贺→___________ (n.)祝贺,恭喜
11. response (n.) 答复; 反应→___________ (adj.)有责任的→___________ (n.) 责任,职责;义务
12. separate (v.) 使分开(adj.) 分离的,分开的 → ___________ ad单独地,各自地 → ___________ (n.) 分离,分开,单独
13. gentle(adj.) 温和,高雅,温柔→___________ (adv.)温和,高雅,温柔→___________ (n.)先生;绅士→___________ (pl.)
重点短语
1. be ___________ ___________对……有害
2. ___________ ___________in参加
3. ___________ ___________付费;付出代价
4. ___________ ___________采取行动
5. ___________ ___________扔掉;抛弃
6. ___________ sth. to ___________ ___________好好利用某物
7. ___________ …___________ 拆下;摧毁
8. ___________ ___________颠倒;倒转
9. ___________ ___________ at 回首(往事);回忆;回顾
10. ___________ a___________弄得一团糟,一塌糊涂
11. ___________one’ s ___________沉住气;保持冷静
12. ___________ ___________ ___________首先
13. be___________ ___________渴望;渴求
14. be___________ ___________ sb. 对某人心存感激
15. ___________ ___________在……前面
16. ___________ ___________连同;除……以外还
17. be ___________ ___________对……负责任
18. ___________ ___________出发;启程
19. ___________ ___________分离;隔开
重点句型结构
1.This is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment.这不仅残忍,而且对环境有害。
2.Without a fin, a shark can no longer swim and slowly dies. 鳍,鲨鱼就不能再游泳,慢慢死去。
3.The numbers of some kinds of sharks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years.
在过去的20到30年里,某些种类的鲨鱼的数量下降了90%以上。
4.Amy isn't the only one who is good at recycling.艾米并不是唯一一个擅长回收的人。
考点透视
考点1 afford的用法
We can’t afford to wait any longer to take action. 我们不能再等了,必须采取行动。(Unit 13p100)
afford v. 负担得起,买得起
afford +n./pron.买得起……
afford to do sth.负担得起做某事
常与 can, could, be able to 连用,表示“担负得起(…的费用、损失、后果等)”或“抽得出(时间)”。
We couldn’t afford (to buy) a computer. 我们当时买不起一台电脑。
We can’t afford to pay such a price. 我们付不起这个价钱。
They did not consider whether they could afford the time or not. 他们没有考虑是否抽得出时间。
考点2 辨析bring ,take, carry, get与fetch
If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life.如果它们的数量下降得太低,它将给所有海洋生物带来危险。
考点 用法 例句
bring 把某物/某人带到说话人之处 The teacher asked the students to bring their dictionaries to the classroom.老师让学生们把字典带到教室。
take 把某物/某人从说话人之处带到别处 Please take the letter to the post office.请把这封信送到邮局去。
carry 不强调方向,但有负重感 She carried her child on her back. 她把孩子背在背上。
get 去别处把某物/某人带来 Go and get your notebook.去把你的笔记本拿来。
fetch 强调动作的往返 Let's go and fetch some water.我们去提点水来吧。
考点3 so far的用法
So far, no scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health,到目前为止,还没有科学研究表明鱼翅对健康有益,
so far意为“到目前为止”,是现在完成时的标志,所以要用现在完成时。
【考点连线】
1.【2021年云南省】34. The documentary Aerial China《航拍中国》is wonderful. So far, I ________ it three times.
A. watched B. will watch C. have watched D. watch
2.【2021年江苏苏州市】6. The documentary A Plastic Ocean is so impressive that I ________ it several times so far.
A. watched B. watch C. have watched D. will watch
3.【2020湖北孝感】7.So far, the number of people using 5G mobile phones __________ a lot.
A. is increasing B. are increasing C. has increased D. have increased
考点4 辨析separate与divide
It is always hard to separate from those whom you have spent so much time with for the past three years.你总是很难与那些在过去三年里花了这么多时间与你在一起的人分开。
(Unit14p110)5
词汇 含义 用法
separate v.分开;分离 通常指把原来连在一起或靠近的东西分隔开来,separate…from…把……与……分开来
adj.分开的;分离的 separate bedrooms独立卧室
divide 分开 通常指把整体分为若干部分,divide…into…把……分开
The world is divided into seven continents. 世界被分成七大洲。
We’d better separate the good apples from the bad ones. 我们最好把好苹果和坏的分开。
【考点连线】
【2021年辽宁省抚顺市】12. Junior high school days are over and it’s hard to ________ our dear teachers and friends.
A. separate from B. deal with C. believe in D. depend on
考点5 which/that引导定语从句
I see I've just read a book which gives ideas about how we can save the environment.我看到我刚刚读了一本书,它给出了关于我们如何拯救环境的想法。
关系词 作用 先行词 例句
that. which 主语、宾语 物 I love music that/which)I can sing along with.我喜欢我能跟着一起唱的音乐。
whose 定语 人/物 The room whose window is open is mine.窗户开着的那个房间是我的。
when 状语 时间 I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.我仍然记得你去北京的那一天。
where 状语 地点 This is the school where my mother works.这就是我的妈妈工作的学校。
why 状语 原因 That is the reason why I came here.那就是我来这儿的原因。
注意:定语从句中引导词只能用that的情况;
(1)当先行词为anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时、只能使用that。如:
Is there anything that I can do for you 我能为你做点什么吗?
(2)当先行词为all, any, much, many等词时,只能使用that。如:
Tom told his mother all that had happened.汤把所有发生的事都告诉了他的妈妈。
(3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时,只能使用。如:
This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had,这是我度过的最美好的时光。
(4)当先行词被序数词修饰时,只能使用at。如:
He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。
(5)当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时,只能使用that。如:
This will be the last chance that he can get.这将会是他可以得到的最后一次机会。
He is the only person that can help you out.他是唯一能帮你走出困境的人。
(6)先行词里同时含有人和物时,只能使用that。如:
They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的人和事。
【考点连线】
1.【2021年十堰市】13. This is the first birthday gift _________ I received. I’ve kept it many years.
A. which B. that C. who D. what
2.【2021年贵州安顺市】13. Abing’s Erquan Yingyue is a piece of music _________ has become one of China’s national treasures.
A. who B. which C. whose
【2021辽宁营口】17. I’ll never forget the place ________ we visited together last year.
A. which B. what C. who D. whom
3.【2021四川达州】14. —Could you tell me ________ kind of movies you like best
—Umm…. I like the movies ________ make me laugh.
A. what; which B. what; what C. which; what D. which; where
4.【2021湖南株洲】7. The active ladies like music ________ they can dance to.
A. that B. where C. who
5.【2020福建泉州】13.—The TV show Say Hello to Life is popular recently.
—Yes. It's the only program ________ I watched this month.
A. that B. who C. what
6.【2020 黑龙江哈尔滨市中考】—What are they talking about
—They are talking about the greatest inventions ________ have made a big difference to our daily life.
A. which B. who C. that
7.【2020 四川省成都市中考】The book ________cover has a beautiful picture is Lily's.
A. which B. whose C. that
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