外研版必修4 Module 4 Great Scientists 单元测试题（含答案）
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| 名称 | 外研版必修4 Module 4 Great Scientists 单元测试题（含答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-01-24 20:51:32 | ||
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Module 4 Great Scientists
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Mountains to sea
This trip takes you from mountains to coast as you experience just about every outdoor activity under the summer sun in the Southeast.
Trip dates
June 22-June 29, 2019; July 10-July 17, 2019
Day 1
Land in Charlotte, NC where you and your new team will head for the Blue Ridge Mountains and spend your first night together in Brevard, NC.
Days 2-3
With everything you need on your back, you'll learn to sleep, cook, and be comfortable in the lovely wilderness of Pisgah National Forest. As your wilderness skills grow, you'll get a chance to top Mount Mitchell at 6,684 feet!
Days 4-6
Next you'll travel to the South Carolina coast! Spend the day enjoying some rest as you make your way towards Charleston, SC. Then, you'll travel to Folly Beach and experience world-class wildlife watching on a boat ride through Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge.
Days 7-8
In these last days, you'll make your way back to North Carolina where you'll spend a day exploring the National Whitewater Center in Charlotte, NC. Then you'll celebrate your last night together as a team with a final and well-deserved banquet.
Trip details
Cost: $2,100
Current grades: 6th-7th
Challenge level: Easy
Begins / ends: Charlotte, NC (CLT)
Group size: 12 students
Airfare from east coast: $300
What's included
Three trip leaders
Accommodations
Transportation
Cooking equipment
All meals
Photos taken during your trip
What's not included
Airfare to and from Charlotte, NC
Baggage fees (行李费)
Personal clothing, day backpack (背包), sleeping bag and rain jacket
Trip insurance
Sign up today at www.!
21. What can we learn about the trip
A. It can take 6-7 members.
B. It costs each person $2,100.
C. It offers different starting dates.
D. It is only suitable for students over 12.
22. What will people do during Days 4-6
A. Swim near the beach.
B. Go mountain climbing.
C. Learn wilderness skills.
D. Enjoy wildlife watching.
23. What will be provided on the trip
A. Rain jackets.
B. Trip insurance.
C. Cooking tools.
D. Day backpacks.
B
Recently, Finnegan, a company in Washington, D.C., hosted an event for 70 Girl Scouts on the topic of intellectual property (知识产权) (IP). The purpose was to get more girls interested in STEM subjects (science, technology, engineering, and math).
During the event, stations were set up to show the Girl Scouts how to use trademarks, copyrights, and other legal instruments to protect their ideas and inventions. After experts described their experiences in STEM-related jobs, the young inventors came up with lots of ideas.
Nola Levengood, 9, of Alexandria, Virginia, imagined hair dye (染色剂) in the form of bubbles (泡泡). You could use it in the shower, and when the bubbles popped, colored water would run out and dye your hair.
Sophia Julius of Fairfax, Virginia, designed a saddle (鞍) that would help horses and riders alike. If the saddle turned green, that would mean the horse wanted more exercise. If it turned red, the rider would know that the horse needed a break.
Some kids had already filed for patents (专利). Marissa Streng, for example, invented a dog dryer called the Puff-N-Fluff when she was 14. She now has a website and sells her product just like any adult.
However, throughout the day, there seemed to be a common topic — a dislike of math. Many of the girls agreed that math has too many rules.
Nora Lim Yang, 9, of McLean, Virginia, was an exception. She likes math, science, and “figuring out how things work,” she said.
Lawyer Esther Lim noted that failure is a key part of the process. “It takes time, practice, and interest to learn how to figure things out,” she said. You have to be willing “to try, fail, and try again.”
No matter what you enjoy doing, Lim added, you must “practice how to fail.”
24. Girls who took part in the event _____.
A. learned how to protect their ideas
B. were given chances to sell their products
C. competed with each other for a big prize
D. became more interested in STEM subjects
25. Whose idea will lead to an invention that gives its user a new look
A. Esther Lim's.
B. Sophia Julius's.
C. Marissa Streng's.
D. Nola Levengood's.
26. What makes Nora Lim Yang special at the event
A. She holds several patents for her inventions.
B. She is interested in math and science.
C. She is running her own business.
D. She is the youngest inventor.
27. What did Esther Lim mean by saying “practice how to fail”
A. Failure is the mother of success.
B. Little by little, one goes far.
C. Practice makes perfect.
D. Well begun, half done.
C
Children experience advertising in many forms — on TV, radio, magazines, newspapers, movies, the Internet, text messages, social media (媒体) and more. And advertising works on children. For example, the more TV a child watches, the more toys that child is likely to want and ask for. This is why it's important for children to learn that advertisements are trying to make people purchase something. And advertisers always aim to make their products look good, perhaps even better than they really are.
Advertising affects children in different ways. How children think of advertising can depend on several things, including their age, what they know or have experienced.
At 0-2 years, children can't tell the difference between advertising and actual programs.
At 3-6 years, children can recognize advertisements and tell them from programs, but they don't understand that ads are trying to sell something. And they are likely to think of advertisements as being funny.
At 7-11 years, when children go to primary school, they can understand that advertisements are trying to sell them something, remember advertising messages and recognize some advertising techniques (策略) like advertisements overstating (夸大) how good products are. However, they might not always understand that products aren't as good as advertisements say they are, or that advertisers might not be telling them any of the products' bad points.
To limit the effects of advertising on school-age children, the most important thing parents can do is talk about advertisements and encourage their children to think about what they're trying to do.
It's a good idea to focus (聚焦) on the advertisements that a child sees most often. For example, parents can get their children thinking and developing a questioning attitude. In other words, what's the product in this advertisement What is it for Who is it for
They can also ask their children about the techniques that are being used to sell a product. This can help them work out how an advertisement makes its product look good.
28. What does the underlined word “purchase” in Paragraph 1 mean
A. Watch.
B. Say.
C. Buy.
D. Discuss.
29. What do children aged 0-2 think of advertisements
A. They are pretty funny.
B. They are trying to sell toys.
C. They are being shown in many ways.
D. They are no different from other programs.
30. At what age can children know advertisements are not telling the truth
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 5.
D. 8.
31. How can parents limit the influence of advertising on their children
A. By guiding them to see through advertisements.
B. By teaching them how to run advertisements.
C. By buying advertised products and comparing them.
D. By talking about the most successful advertisements.
D
According to a new report published by King's College London, social intelligence is “the set of abilities and skills we use to understand social situations”.
More than 200 employers were interviewed, and they nearly all said that social intelligence was now more important in new employees than IQ or exam results. They said they were wasting a lot of time in interviewing people who seemed to have no social skills at all, and that if you didn't have any by the time you started applying (申请) for jobs it was probably too late.
But where do you get it Six out of 10 of the 12- to 17-year-olds surveyed for the report said they were lonely. One in 20 said they never spent time with friends outside school. A third of them said they hardly ever felt popular with their peers (同龄人) and 36% said it was “difficult to make friends”.
The big lesson is clear. Adolescents (青少年) who want to get ahead at work need to spend a bit less time on their smartphones and get a lot better at studying the codes (暗码) in real life. They need to read the eyes, the corners of a mouth and the set of a shoulder.
We should prepare our young people for a new world. We should teach them to be strong and to deal with disappointment. We should teach them how to cope (应对) when they work at home on their own, as well as the social skills to win the work. Parents should do this. Schools should do this. And we as a society should do this, by offering projects such as the NCS, which brings 15- to 17-year-olds from all backgrounds together in two- or three-week programs, to make friends and build skills for work and life.
32. What is the problem raised in the text
A. Many young people have difficulty finding jobs.
B. Many young people have poor or no social skills.
C. Many young people are easily held back by difficulties.
D. Many young people spend too much time on smartphones.
33. How does the author present the problem
A. By giving examples.
B. By making comparisons.
C. By showing survey results.
D. By raising a series of questions.
34. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A. IQ. B. A good job.
C. Social intelligence.
D. An interview chance.
35. What does the author want to do in the last paragraph
A. To start a discussion.
B. To give suggestions.
C. To provide an answer.
D. To introduce a project.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Over 9,000 years ago, in the deserts of what is now Iraq, the civilization of Mesopotamia developed between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The people of this ancient land were called the Sumerians.
Around 5,000 B.C., they began to grow their own food and keep animals. 36 For example, they developed ways to store the flood waters that flowed for a short time each year.
37 Within each city was a huge temple. It had places to keep food, to keep treasure, and houses for city officials. As society became more complex, the Sumerians realized they needed some way to record information. 38
Early forms of writing were very simple. They pressed sharp pieces of wood into pieces of wet clay (泥土) to make pictures. Called cuneiform, these characters represented objects and numbers and made up the first written language.
They also used it to write down the first major written story. 39 Perhaps the best known of Mesopotamia's civilizations was Babylon, the center of a kingdom. Its hanging gardens were considered a wonder of the ancient world, and its king, Hammurabi, made a set of laws that was quite similar to the laws we have today.
Much of Sumerian culture has disappeared from memory. 40
A. Thus, it is here that writing was invented.
B. Mesopotamia in the Greek means “land between rivers”.
C. Much progress in technology was made by the Sumerians.
D. This story is about King Gilgamesh who wanted to live forever.
E. To survive in the desert, they learned to make use of the environment.
F. But researchers are learning more and more about these people every day.
G. As their population increased, the Sumerians built cities like Ur and Nineveh.
第三部分：语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I live in a house with a beautiful view of hills and our little town. When I 41 here 24 years ago the man next door was building a 42 in his backyard and I could 43 him from my window.
He was building it alone. I enjoyed watching the 44 of the boat and I got to know my 45 , Charles. It turned out this was his 46 boat; he had built a slightly smaller wooden sailboat but had sold it before ever sailing it himself. It was a beautiful boat but Charles 47 to get on with the bigger steel (钢) boat.
Charles did things very carefully and would not be 48 to finish any part of the boat. He handcrafted (手工制造) it, piece by piece. 49 , with the passing years, Charles's 50 began to worsen. And work on the boat progressed even slowly. Then he was in a bad car accident which left him with a sore (疼痛的) back and that 51 him even more. Although we didn't 52 it, I know he reached a point at which he realized he would never be able to 53 the boat. He had been working on it almost daily for 25 years but he couldn't 54 .
Fortunately, Charles was able to 55 the boat and the other day I looked out the window and the big boat was 56 . I haven't talked to Charles since the boat was taken away. It was a great 57 to move it and I saw Charles out there helping as he watched his 58 , one that consumed (消耗) so much of his life, head off to its new owner. I'm sure he is both relieved (感到宽慰的) that the boat is no longer in the yard to make him 59 that he couldn't complete it and 60 that a huge part of his life is no longer there.
41. A. passed B. left C. moved D. searched
42. A. house B. boat C. garden D. pool
43. A. watch B. warn C. ask D. support
44. A. show B. picture C. progress D. result
45. A. worker B. neighbor C. leader D. owner
46. A. first B. second C. only D. best
47. A. regretted B. failed C. agreed D. wanted
48. A. rushed B. pleased C. patient D. bored
49. A. Strangely B. Suddenly C. Unfortunately D. Quickly
50. A. research B. behavior C. safety D. health
51. A. encouraged B. helped C. slowed D. surprised
52. A. talk about B. care about C. wait for D. depend on
53. A. try B. finish C. buy D. forget
54. A. continue B. start C. stop D. rest
55. A. take B. build C. sell D. turn
56. A. broken B. done C. replaced D. gone
57. A. duty B. task C. exercise D. idea
58. A. tool B. business C. project D. plan
59. A. remember B. believe C. imagine D. pretend
60. A. afraid B. worried C. angry D. sad
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Charles Darwin was an English 61. ________ (science) who studied nature. He is known 62. ________ his theory of evolution (进化论).
Darwin was born on February 12, 1809, in Shropshire, England. In 1831, Darwin boarded a ship 63. ________ (call) the HMS Beagle and set out on a fantastic five-year journey around the world. His goal was 64. ________ (study) the natural history of the areas he was to explore. Darwin was 65. ________ (amaze) at the variety (多样性) of species he saw on his journey. He noticed that although the different islands had similar animals and plants, many seemed to have changed to adapt (适应) to their local environments. He noted some 66. ________ (difference) between the mockingbirds found on San Cristobal, Floreana and two other islands. This led 67. ________ (he) to wonder why they varied from place to place.
Darwin first presented his theory of evolution by natural selection (选择) in 1858 to explain how animals adapted to their environment to survive. The idea of evolution 68. ________ (be) not new then, but Darwin's theory explained how evolution occurred. When Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, the book was 69. ________ immediate success. However, it was not popular with people 70. ________ believed that all the animals on the planet had been made at the same time by one creator. But Darwin scientifically proved all the species on Earth had evolved from earlier species!
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I have loved writing since I am a young girl. My main inspiration for characters in my writing comes from “people watching” which I do anywhere — on the bus, walk around, in restaurants. I also listen people's conversations, that is quite inspiring too. Beside, some of my idea for stories and topics to write about come from personal life experiences. For an example, when I do something I'm really proud of, I often turn them into a piece of writing. I also like to write when I go on holiday or on day trips. Final, I'm inspired to write more when the weather is fine, because I can sit outside, in the sunshine, or write in my notebooks.
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
你校英文报最近开设了“Famous People”专栏，现面向全校学生征文。请你用英语写一篇短文介绍一位名人并投稿。内容包括：
1. 该人物是谁；
2. 该人物的主要经历及贡献；
3. 该人物对你的影响。
注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
选做题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
I never meant to be a teacher. I watched my mother over the years, and I knew it wasn't for me.
Going back to school to learn French and then teach the language, our mother had changed the center of her world when we were pre-teens.
I saw how hard our mother worked, the long hours she kept as she graded papers when we went to bed. I knew how worried she could be over her students when they were troubled and how much of their stress she took on herself.
What I didn't realize was this life she'd chosen offered her deep rewards.
As I grew up, I fell in love with a French-speaking Swiss man who asked me to marry him and move to Switzerland. Years later, when I found myself back in my hometown with a small child and a love of my second language, a chance arose for me to join my mother's world of education, and I accepted.
I landed in a primary school in Rocky Mount, North Carolina. From the first week, I knew I'd stick with teaching. This is the most challenging experience I've ever had, and absolutely the best. I teach French, and I have never felt so much excitement as when I receive smiles from children, or praise from other teachers.
Most of my students have not traveled outside the town where they live, and for some, a trip to the city museum proves the most adventurous (刺激的) experience in their lives.
If I could somehow open the world to these children, and if I could push them a bit, to dream of living in a bigger world, they may work harder and maybe one day venture beyond their neighborhood.
I work late into each night creating lessons and activities for the following day, trying to come up with ways to attract my students and connect them to the larger world. I also plan to go back to school for further study so that I can also teach science, math, social studies, reading and writing.
1. Why did the author say no to teaching at first
A. She didn't like to work with children.
B. She wasn't sure if she could do it well.
C. Her mother wanted her to do something else.
D. It would take up too much of her time and energy.
2. When did the author fall in love with teaching
A. When she had her own child.
B. Immediately after she started teaching.
C. During the time when she lived abroad.
D. When she learnt about her students' dreams.
3. What can we learn about the author's students
A. They work hard and dream big.
B. Most of them come from poor families.
C. They knew nothing about French in the beginning.
D. Their lives are mostly limited to their hometown.
4. What does the author want to do in the near future
A. Work in her mother's school.
B. Receive further education in teaching.
C. Teach more languages besides French.
D. Experiment with new teaching methods.
B
The Lobkowicz family is based in Bohemia, a historic place in the Czech Republic. Since the 14th century, the family has been at the center of European art and culture. Their noble (贵族的) background enabled them to support writers, artists, and such classical musician as Beethoven and Joseph Haydn.
Early members of the family lived in great castles (城堡). Their interest in the arts led them to collect paintings and other works that deeply influenced European culture.
Protecting the castles and collections has not been easy. Since the start of World War II, the family's treasures have been taken away twice. For more than 40 years, they were hidden from the public. In the 1990s, when the family got their treasures back, which survived almost undamaged, they decided to open up their collections to the world.
Today, the family owns four castles in the Czech Republic. Plans are underway for a new library for international scholars (学者) at Nelahozeves Castle. “We want to make sure that we share these things with the world because they are really part of world history and culture,” said William Lobkowicz, who represents the family's younger generation (代).
The Lobkowicz Palace in Prague Castle is now a museum with a world-famous art collection. Among all the works there, that of a special artist, Pieter Bruegel the Elder, stands out clearly. “He showed what life was really like at his time,” Lobkowicz said.
Bruegel painted pictures of peasants in everyday settings: working in the field, hunting in the snow, and celebrating marriages. “That was quite special,” Lobkowicz explained. “Most paintings at that time showed nobles and their living places. Bruegel instead tried to record a true moment in time, where we can see what was actually happening.”
The Lobkowicz family recognizes the importance of sharing such treasures, especially with young people. Kids will be particularly interested in the planned museum in the childhood home of the Czech musician Antonín Dvo ák, which is situated below Nelahozeves Castle.
Through these projects, thousands of valuable works of art will be brought to light, and the Lobkowicz family will realize their wish to serve as custodians (看管人) of impressive treasures.
5. The opening paragraph is mainly used to _____.
A. put forward a problem
B. introduce a topic for discussion
C. offer background information
D. provide an interesting example
6. What happened to the Lobkowicz family after World War II broke out
A. Their collections were taken.
B. Their collections were damaged.
C. They hid their collections from the public.
D. They gave their collections to the government.
7. What made Bruegel a special artist
A. He was born into a peasant family.
B. He didn't like to deal with nobles.
C. His paintings show ordinary people's life.
D. His paintings didn't become known until his death.
8. What would be the best title of the text
A. The Lobkowicz family
B. European art and culture
C. Custodians of European culture
D. Art collections in ancient castles
答案
21-25 CDCAD 26-30 BACDD
31-35 ABCCB 36-40 EGADF 41-45 CBACB
46-50 BDACD 51-55 CABAC 56-60 DBCAD
61. scientist 62. for 63. called
64. to study 65. amazed 66. differences
67. him 68. was 69. an 70. who / that
短文改错
71. ... I am a ... am → was
72. ... walk around ... walk → walking
73. ... also listen people's ... listen后加to
74. ... that is quite ... that → which
75. Beside, some of ... Beside → Besides
76. ... my idea for ... idea → ideas
77. For an example ... 去掉an
78. ... turn them into ... them → it
79. Final, I'm ... Final → Finally
80. ... or write in ... or → and
书面表达
One possible version:
Jane Goodall was born in 1934. At an early age, Jane was interested in animals. She'd dreamed of studying animals in the wild, which encouraged her to go to Africa to study chimps in 1960. To get closer to chimps, she lived in the wild for many years. She faced many difficulties when she began her work, but she never gave up. Thanks to Jane's research, we now know a lot about chimps. Jane believes wild animals should live in the wild and not be used to give humans pleasure. She has helped to set up places where they can live safely. Her story encourages me to study hard and try to achieve everything I want to do.
部分解析
阅读理解
第一节
A篇
主题语境：人与自我——生活
本文是应用文。文章为某旅行路线简介。
21. C。细节理解题。由Trip dates部分中的June 22-June 29, 2019; July 10-July 17, 2019可知，该旅行安排了不同的出发时间，供游客选择。
22. D。细节理解题。由Days 4-6部分中的you'll travel to Folly Beach and experience world-class wildlife watching on a boat ride可知，旅途第四至六天，人们可以乘船观赏野生动物。
23. C。细节理解题。由What's included部分中的Cooking equipment可知，该旅行组织方为游客提供炊具。
B篇
主题语境：人与自我——学习
本文是记叙文。70名女童子军参加某活动，与科学家面对面，了解他们的工作，大胆说出自己的科技创新想法，并学习知识产权知识。
24. A。细节理解题。由第二段中的stations were set up to ... protect their ideas and inventions可知，活动期间，参与者学习了如何利用商标、版权等保护自己的想法和发明。
25. D。细节理解题。由第三段可知，Nola Levengood设想了一种泡泡状染发剂，洗澡时使用便能让使用者的头发焕然一新。
26. B。细节理解题。由倒数第三和第四段可知，参加活动的许多女孩儿都不喜欢数学，但Nora Lim Yang是个例外，她喜欢数学和科学，并且爱搞研究。
27. A。推理判断题。由倒数第二段可知，她认为做研究的过程中，失败是很重要的一部分，在成功之前，人们需要时间、练习、兴趣，并在失败之后反复尝试。因此推断，她在最后一段所说的话的隐含义是：失败是成功之母。
C篇
主题语境：人与社会——社会
本文是说明文。文章介绍孩子们对广告的认知以及如何引导孩子正确看待广告。
28. C。词义猜测题。由第一段中的For example, the more TV a child ... want and ask for可知，孩子们电视看得越多，想要买的东西越多，那么作为父母应该让孩子知道广告的目的就是说服人们“购买”东西。
29. D。细节理解题。由第三段中的At 0-2 years, children can't tell ... actual programs可知, 0-2岁的孩子认为广告和其他节目没有区别。
30. D。细节理解题。由第五段中的recognize some advertising techniques ... good products are可知，7-11岁的孩子逐渐能够判断出广告中的内容有夸大成分，并非全部属实。
31. A。推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的For example, parents can get their children ... Who is it for可知，父母要引导孩子看清广告的真相。
D篇
主题语境：人与社会——人际沟通
本文是议论文。某调查报告显示，现在许多青少年严重缺乏社交能力。作者认为，青少年应多积累社交经验，并提议家长、学校和整个社会积极帮助青少年培养社交能力。
32. B。细节理解题。由第二段中的They said they were wasting ... have no social skills at all和第三段中的Six out of 10 of the 12- to 17-year-olds ... difficult to make friends可知，许多青少年花在社交上的时间很少，并且社交能力差；许多雇主也反映他们的应聘者中有许多似乎根本没有社交能力。
33. C。推理判断题。由前三段可知，作者引用一项调查报告的结果提出了文章所讨论的问题。
34. C。篇章结构题。文章第二段中，作者提到，许多雇主认为，现在新进员工的社交能力甚至比智商和学业成绩更重要。第三段一开始，作者承接上文提出一个问题：然而从哪里才能获得它（对工作很重要的社交能力）呢？
35. B。写作目的题。作者在最后一段中连续使用We should, Parents should, Schools should和we as a society should提出了建议，即帮助青少年提高社交能力，并举例说明了帮助他们的办法。因此，作者写最后一段主要是为了提建议。
第二节
主题语境：人与社会——文化
本文是说明文。文章讲述了书写的起源。
36. E。下文For example, they developed ways ... for a short time each year是对E项内容的举例说明，即他们学会了利用自然环境，以维持生存。
37. G。本空下一句中的each city指的是G项中的cities like Ur and Nineveh。
38. A。本空承接上文the Sumerians realized they needed some way to record information，苏美尔人意识到他们需要通过某种途径记录信息，因此便发明了书写。故选A项。
39. D。D项中的This story指代上文中的the first major written story。
40. F。本空前的Much of Sumerian culture has disappeared from memory与F项内容形成转折关系，虽然许多苏美尔文化消失在历史长河中，但研究者们对这些人的了解一天比一天多。
语言知识运用
第一节
主题语境：人与自我——生活
本文是记叙文。作者讲述了邻居查尔斯二十五年间一丝不苟，亲自铸造一艘钢制帆船的故事。
41. C。由上文中的I live in a house with a beautiful view of hills and our little town以及下文中的I got to know my ... Charles可知，此处表示当“我”二十四年前“搬到（moved）”这儿的时候。
42. B。由下文中多次出现的boat可知，住在隔壁的男子正在建造一艘“船（boat）”。
43. A。由语境及下文中的I enjoyed watching the ... of the boat可知，从“我”家的窗户上可以“看到（watch）”他。
44. C。 45. B。由上文中的the man next door was building ... from my window和He was building it alone以及下文中的He handcrafted it, piece by piece可知，“我”喜欢从旁欣赏“邻居（neighbor）”查尔斯的造船“过程（progress）”。
46. B。由本句中的he had built a slightly smaller wooden sailboat but had sold it before ever sailing it himself可知，这是查尔斯建造的“第二（second）”艘船。
47. D。由上文可知，查尔斯曾造过一艘木质帆船，还未亲自试水便将它卖给别人。结合本句中的but可知，查尔斯“想（wanted）”建造一艘更大些的钢制帆船。
48. A。由本句中的Charles did things very carefully以及下文中的He handcrafted it, piece by piece可知，查尔斯做事一丝不苟，“不慌不忙”地亲自铸造每一个零件，rushed符合语境。
49. C。50. D。由本句中的with the passing years以及下文中的And work on the boat progressed even slowly可知，“遗憾的是（Unfortunately）”，查尔斯年龄越来越大，“身体状况（health）”渐渐不如当年。
51. C。由上文可知，查尔斯亲自铸造帆船零件，再加上他年龄大了，身体也不如当年了，造船进程很慢。更糟糕的是，一次交通事故让他开始背部疼痛，这使得造船的进程“更慢（slowed）”了。
52. A。53. B。由语境可知，“我”虽然没有和查尔斯“谈论过（talk about）”这艘钢制帆船竣工的事，但“我”知道他明白自己不可能“完工（finish）”了。
54. A。由上文的描述以及本句中的but可知，二十五年间，查尔斯潜心于制造这艘钢制帆船，但是他现在无法“继续（continue）”下去了。
55. C。由下文中的its new owner可知，查尔斯将那艘钢制帆船“卖（sell）”给别人了。
56. D。由上文可知，查尔斯将那艘钢制帆船卖给别人了。结合下文中的the boat was taken away可知，不久前的一天，当“我”往窗外看时，查尔斯的船“不见了（gone）”。
57. B。由上文中的the bigger steel boat以及下文中的I saw Charles out there helping可知， 将帆船从查尔斯的后院搬走是项艰巨的“任务（task）”。
58. C。设空处指代查尔斯花了二十五年的时间建造的钢制帆船，project意为“工程”，符合语境。
59. A。60. D。结合全文，此处表示帆船从查尔斯后院搬走的那一天，他有些如释重负，因为它再也不会在这里“提醒着（make him remember）”自己的缺憾，但同时他也有些“忧伤（sad）”，毕竟这艘船耗费了他二十多年的心血。
第二节
主题语境：人与社会——社会
本文是记叙文。文章描述了著名生物学家查尔斯·达尔文的主要经历及成就。
61. scientist。考查名词。设空处作表语, 表示“科学家”，因为设空处前有不定冠词，故填名词scientist。
62. for。考查介词。be known for ... 意为“因……而出名”。
63. called。考查过去分词作定语的用法。设空处所在部分表示“达尔文搭乘贝格尔号船”，call与ship之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填called。
64. to study。考查不定式作表语的用法。设空处作表语，说明主语goal的具体内容，故填to study。
65. amazed。考查形容词作表语的用法。设空处作表语，表示“惊讶的”，故填形容词amazed。
66. differences。考查名词复数。设空处作宾语，表示“不同”，由其前的some可知，此处应用名词复数形式，故填 differences。
67. him。考查代词。设空处作宾语, 指代Darwin，表示“他”，故填宾格him。
68. was。考查一般过去时。由then（指代1858）可知，设空处表示过去的状态，应用一般过去时，因为主语是The idea of evolution，故填was。
69. an。考查不定冠词。success 在此表示“成功的事物”， 是可数名词，因为设空处后有形容词immediate，故填an。
70. who / that。考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰people，且在从句中作主语，故填who / that。
选做题参考答案及解析
参考答案
1-4 DBDB 5-8 CACC
解析
A篇
主题语境：人与自我——做人与做事
本文是记叙文。幼时，作者从未想过自己会成为老师。一次偶然的机会，她走进了课堂，便爱上了这份职业。
1. D。推理判断题。由第一段中的I watched my mother over the years, and I knew it wasn't for me和第三段可知，作者从作为老师的母亲身上看到，这份工作需要占用大量的时间、消耗许多精力，于是作者认为这份工作不适合自己。
2. B。细节理解题。由第六段中的I landed in a primary school ... I'd stick with teaching可知，作者在进入学校的第一周就爱上了教书。
3. D。细节理解题。由倒数第三段可知，作者的学生大多没有离开过他们住的城镇，有些至多只是去过市区的博物馆。
4. B。细节理解题。由最后一段中的I also plan to go back ... reading and writing可知，作者计划回到学校进修，以期将来能够教授其它科目。
B篇
主题语境：人与社会——艺术
本文是说明文。Lobkowicz家族多年来致力于文化艺术作品的收藏与保护，并乐于将他们的收藏品展出，与世人共赏。
5. C。写作目的题。第一段简单介绍了Lobkowicz家族及其与欧洲文化艺术的渊源，为本文的话题Lobkowicz家族和欧洲文化艺术提供了简单的背景信息。
6. A。细节理解题。由Since the start of World War II, the family's treasures have been taken away twice可知，第二次世界大战以来，该家族的珍贵收藏品先后两次被剥夺。
7. C。推理判断题。由倒数第四段中的He showed what life was really like at his time和倒数第三段可知，在Bruegel生活的时代，大多绘画作品描绘的都是贵族和他们的庄园，而Bruegel的作品则记录了农民的日常生活。
8. C。标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了Lobkowicz家族与欧洲文化艺术的渊源，他们喜爱收藏并保护艺术作品。这些珍贵的收藏品曾两度被人夺走，但最终回归Lobkowicz家族。他们妥善安置这些收藏品，开设博物馆展览藏品供人们欣赏，并规划图书馆等供学者使用。他们致力于看管并与人们分享欧洲艺术文化，因此C项作标题最合适。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Mountains to sea
This trip takes you from mountains to coast as you experience just about every outdoor activity under the summer sun in the Southeast.
Trip dates
June 22-June 29, 2019; July 10-July 17, 2019
Day 1
Land in Charlotte, NC where you and your new team will head for the Blue Ridge Mountains and spend your first night together in Brevard, NC.
Days 2-3
With everything you need on your back, you'll learn to sleep, cook, and be comfortable in the lovely wilderness of Pisgah National Forest. As your wilderness skills grow, you'll get a chance to top Mount Mitchell at 6,684 feet!
Days 4-6
Next you'll travel to the South Carolina coast! Spend the day enjoying some rest as you make your way towards Charleston, SC. Then, you'll travel to Folly Beach and experience world-class wildlife watching on a boat ride through Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge.
Days 7-8
In these last days, you'll make your way back to North Carolina where you'll spend a day exploring the National Whitewater Center in Charlotte, NC. Then you'll celebrate your last night together as a team with a final and well-deserved banquet.
Trip details
Cost: $2,100
Current grades: 6th-7th
Challenge level: Easy
Begins / ends: Charlotte, NC (CLT)
Group size: 12 students
Airfare from east coast: $300
What's included
Three trip leaders
Accommodations
Transportation
Cooking equipment
All meals
Photos taken during your trip
What's not included
Airfare to and from Charlotte, NC
Baggage fees (行李费)
Personal clothing, day backpack (背包), sleeping bag and rain jacket
Trip insurance
Sign up today at www.!
21. What can we learn about the trip
A. It can take 6-7 members.
B. It costs each person $2,100.
C. It offers different starting dates.
D. It is only suitable for students over 12.
22. What will people do during Days 4-6
A. Swim near the beach.
B. Go mountain climbing.
C. Learn wilderness skills.
D. Enjoy wildlife watching.
23. What will be provided on the trip
A. Rain jackets.
B. Trip insurance.
C. Cooking tools.
D. Day backpacks.
B
Recently, Finnegan, a company in Washington, D.C., hosted an event for 70 Girl Scouts on the topic of intellectual property (知识产权) (IP). The purpose was to get more girls interested in STEM subjects (science, technology, engineering, and math).
During the event, stations were set up to show the Girl Scouts how to use trademarks, copyrights, and other legal instruments to protect their ideas and inventions. After experts described their experiences in STEM-related jobs, the young inventors came up with lots of ideas.
Nola Levengood, 9, of Alexandria, Virginia, imagined hair dye (染色剂) in the form of bubbles (泡泡). You could use it in the shower, and when the bubbles popped, colored water would run out and dye your hair.
Sophia Julius of Fairfax, Virginia, designed a saddle (鞍) that would help horses and riders alike. If the saddle turned green, that would mean the horse wanted more exercise. If it turned red, the rider would know that the horse needed a break.
Some kids had already filed for patents (专利). Marissa Streng, for example, invented a dog dryer called the Puff-N-Fluff when she was 14. She now has a website and sells her product just like any adult.
However, throughout the day, there seemed to be a common topic — a dislike of math. Many of the girls agreed that math has too many rules.
Nora Lim Yang, 9, of McLean, Virginia, was an exception. She likes math, science, and “figuring out how things work,” she said.
Lawyer Esther Lim noted that failure is a key part of the process. “It takes time, practice, and interest to learn how to figure things out,” she said. You have to be willing “to try, fail, and try again.”
No matter what you enjoy doing, Lim added, you must “practice how to fail.”
24. Girls who took part in the event _____.
A. learned how to protect their ideas
B. were given chances to sell their products
C. competed with each other for a big prize
D. became more interested in STEM subjects
25. Whose idea will lead to an invention that gives its user a new look
A. Esther Lim's.
B. Sophia Julius's.
C. Marissa Streng's.
D. Nola Levengood's.
26. What makes Nora Lim Yang special at the event
A. She holds several patents for her inventions.
B. She is interested in math and science.
C. She is running her own business.
D. She is the youngest inventor.
27. What did Esther Lim mean by saying “practice how to fail”
A. Failure is the mother of success.
B. Little by little, one goes far.
C. Practice makes perfect.
D. Well begun, half done.
C
Children experience advertising in many forms — on TV, radio, magazines, newspapers, movies, the Internet, text messages, social media (媒体) and more. And advertising works on children. For example, the more TV a child watches, the more toys that child is likely to want and ask for. This is why it's important for children to learn that advertisements are trying to make people purchase something. And advertisers always aim to make their products look good, perhaps even better than they really are.
Advertising affects children in different ways. How children think of advertising can depend on several things, including their age, what they know or have experienced.
At 0-2 years, children can't tell the difference between advertising and actual programs.
At 3-6 years, children can recognize advertisements and tell them from programs, but they don't understand that ads are trying to sell something. And they are likely to think of advertisements as being funny.
At 7-11 years, when children go to primary school, they can understand that advertisements are trying to sell them something, remember advertising messages and recognize some advertising techniques (策略) like advertisements overstating (夸大) how good products are. However, they might not always understand that products aren't as good as advertisements say they are, or that advertisers might not be telling them any of the products' bad points.
To limit the effects of advertising on school-age children, the most important thing parents can do is talk about advertisements and encourage their children to think about what they're trying to do.
It's a good idea to focus (聚焦) on the advertisements that a child sees most often. For example, parents can get their children thinking and developing a questioning attitude. In other words, what's the product in this advertisement What is it for Who is it for
They can also ask their children about the techniques that are being used to sell a product. This can help them work out how an advertisement makes its product look good.
28. What does the underlined word “purchase” in Paragraph 1 mean
A. Watch.
B. Say.
C. Buy.
D. Discuss.
29. What do children aged 0-2 think of advertisements
A. They are pretty funny.
B. They are trying to sell toys.
C. They are being shown in many ways.
D. They are no different from other programs.
30. At what age can children know advertisements are not telling the truth
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 5.
D. 8.
31. How can parents limit the influence of advertising on their children
A. By guiding them to see through advertisements.
B. By teaching them how to run advertisements.
C. By buying advertised products and comparing them.
D. By talking about the most successful advertisements.
D
According to a new report published by King's College London, social intelligence is “the set of abilities and skills we use to understand social situations”.
More than 200 employers were interviewed, and they nearly all said that social intelligence was now more important in new employees than IQ or exam results. They said they were wasting a lot of time in interviewing people who seemed to have no social skills at all, and that if you didn't have any by the time you started applying (申请) for jobs it was probably too late.
But where do you get it Six out of 10 of the 12- to 17-year-olds surveyed for the report said they were lonely. One in 20 said they never spent time with friends outside school. A third of them said they hardly ever felt popular with their peers (同龄人) and 36% said it was “difficult to make friends”.
The big lesson is clear. Adolescents (青少年) who want to get ahead at work need to spend a bit less time on their smartphones and get a lot better at studying the codes (暗码) in real life. They need to read the eyes, the corners of a mouth and the set of a shoulder.
We should prepare our young people for a new world. We should teach them to be strong and to deal with disappointment. We should teach them how to cope (应对) when they work at home on their own, as well as the social skills to win the work. Parents should do this. Schools should do this. And we as a society should do this, by offering projects such as the NCS, which brings 15- to 17-year-olds from all backgrounds together in two- or three-week programs, to make friends and build skills for work and life.
32. What is the problem raised in the text
A. Many young people have difficulty finding jobs.
B. Many young people have poor or no social skills.
C. Many young people are easily held back by difficulties.
D. Many young people spend too much time on smartphones.
33. How does the author present the problem
A. By giving examples.
B. By making comparisons.
C. By showing survey results.
D. By raising a series of questions.
34. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A. IQ. B. A good job.
C. Social intelligence.
D. An interview chance.
35. What does the author want to do in the last paragraph
A. To start a discussion.
B. To give suggestions.
C. To provide an answer.
D. To introduce a project.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Over 9,000 years ago, in the deserts of what is now Iraq, the civilization of Mesopotamia developed between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The people of this ancient land were called the Sumerians.
Around 5,000 B.C., they began to grow their own food and keep animals. 36 For example, they developed ways to store the flood waters that flowed for a short time each year.
37 Within each city was a huge temple. It had places to keep food, to keep treasure, and houses for city officials. As society became more complex, the Sumerians realized they needed some way to record information. 38
Early forms of writing were very simple. They pressed sharp pieces of wood into pieces of wet clay (泥土) to make pictures. Called cuneiform, these characters represented objects and numbers and made up the first written language.
They also used it to write down the first major written story. 39 Perhaps the best known of Mesopotamia's civilizations was Babylon, the center of a kingdom. Its hanging gardens were considered a wonder of the ancient world, and its king, Hammurabi, made a set of laws that was quite similar to the laws we have today.
Much of Sumerian culture has disappeared from memory. 40
A. Thus, it is here that writing was invented.
B. Mesopotamia in the Greek means “land between rivers”.
C. Much progress in technology was made by the Sumerians.
D. This story is about King Gilgamesh who wanted to live forever.
E. To survive in the desert, they learned to make use of the environment.
F. But researchers are learning more and more about these people every day.
G. As their population increased, the Sumerians built cities like Ur and Nineveh.
第三部分：语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I live in a house with a beautiful view of hills and our little town. When I 41 here 24 years ago the man next door was building a 42 in his backyard and I could 43 him from my window.
He was building it alone. I enjoyed watching the 44 of the boat and I got to know my 45 , Charles. It turned out this was his 46 boat; he had built a slightly smaller wooden sailboat but had sold it before ever sailing it himself. It was a beautiful boat but Charles 47 to get on with the bigger steel (钢) boat.
Charles did things very carefully and would not be 48 to finish any part of the boat. He handcrafted (手工制造) it, piece by piece. 49 , with the passing years, Charles's 50 began to worsen. And work on the boat progressed even slowly. Then he was in a bad car accident which left him with a sore (疼痛的) back and that 51 him even more. Although we didn't 52 it, I know he reached a point at which he realized he would never be able to 53 the boat. He had been working on it almost daily for 25 years but he couldn't 54 .
Fortunately, Charles was able to 55 the boat and the other day I looked out the window and the big boat was 56 . I haven't talked to Charles since the boat was taken away. It was a great 57 to move it and I saw Charles out there helping as he watched his 58 , one that consumed (消耗) so much of his life, head off to its new owner. I'm sure he is both relieved (感到宽慰的) that the boat is no longer in the yard to make him 59 that he couldn't complete it and 60 that a huge part of his life is no longer there.
41. A. passed B. left C. moved D. searched
42. A. house B. boat C. garden D. pool
43. A. watch B. warn C. ask D. support
44. A. show B. picture C. progress D. result
45. A. worker B. neighbor C. leader D. owner
46. A. first B. second C. only D. best
47. A. regretted B. failed C. agreed D. wanted
48. A. rushed B. pleased C. patient D. bored
49. A. Strangely B. Suddenly C. Unfortunately D. Quickly
50. A. research B. behavior C. safety D. health
51. A. encouraged B. helped C. slowed D. surprised
52. A. talk about B. care about C. wait for D. depend on
53. A. try B. finish C. buy D. forget
54. A. continue B. start C. stop D. rest
55. A. take B. build C. sell D. turn
56. A. broken B. done C. replaced D. gone
57. A. duty B. task C. exercise D. idea
58. A. tool B. business C. project D. plan
59. A. remember B. believe C. imagine D. pretend
60. A. afraid B. worried C. angry D. sad
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Charles Darwin was an English 61. ________ (science) who studied nature. He is known 62. ________ his theory of evolution (进化论).
Darwin was born on February 12, 1809, in Shropshire, England. In 1831, Darwin boarded a ship 63. ________ (call) the HMS Beagle and set out on a fantastic five-year journey around the world. His goal was 64. ________ (study) the natural history of the areas he was to explore. Darwin was 65. ________ (amaze) at the variety (多样性) of species he saw on his journey. He noticed that although the different islands had similar animals and plants, many seemed to have changed to adapt (适应) to their local environments. He noted some 66. ________ (difference) between the mockingbirds found on San Cristobal, Floreana and two other islands. This led 67. ________ (he) to wonder why they varied from place to place.
Darwin first presented his theory of evolution by natural selection (选择) in 1858 to explain how animals adapted to their environment to survive. The idea of evolution 68. ________ (be) not new then, but Darwin's theory explained how evolution occurred. When Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, the book was 69. ________ immediate success. However, it was not popular with people 70. ________ believed that all the animals on the planet had been made at the same time by one creator. But Darwin scientifically proved all the species on Earth had evolved from earlier species!
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I have loved writing since I am a young girl. My main inspiration for characters in my writing comes from “people watching” which I do anywhere — on the bus, walk around, in restaurants. I also listen people's conversations, that is quite inspiring too. Beside, some of my idea for stories and topics to write about come from personal life experiences. For an example, when I do something I'm really proud of, I often turn them into a piece of writing. I also like to write when I go on holiday or on day trips. Final, I'm inspired to write more when the weather is fine, because I can sit outside, in the sunshine, or write in my notebooks.
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
你校英文报最近开设了“Famous People”专栏，现面向全校学生征文。请你用英语写一篇短文介绍一位名人并投稿。内容包括：
1. 该人物是谁；
2. 该人物的主要经历及贡献；
3. 该人物对你的影响。
注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
选做题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
I never meant to be a teacher. I watched my mother over the years, and I knew it wasn't for me.
Going back to school to learn French and then teach the language, our mother had changed the center of her world when we were pre-teens.
I saw how hard our mother worked, the long hours she kept as she graded papers when we went to bed. I knew how worried she could be over her students when they were troubled and how much of their stress she took on herself.
What I didn't realize was this life she'd chosen offered her deep rewards.
As I grew up, I fell in love with a French-speaking Swiss man who asked me to marry him and move to Switzerland. Years later, when I found myself back in my hometown with a small child and a love of my second language, a chance arose for me to join my mother's world of education, and I accepted.
I landed in a primary school in Rocky Mount, North Carolina. From the first week, I knew I'd stick with teaching. This is the most challenging experience I've ever had, and absolutely the best. I teach French, and I have never felt so much excitement as when I receive smiles from children, or praise from other teachers.
Most of my students have not traveled outside the town where they live, and for some, a trip to the city museum proves the most adventurous (刺激的) experience in their lives.
If I could somehow open the world to these children, and if I could push them a bit, to dream of living in a bigger world, they may work harder and maybe one day venture beyond their neighborhood.
I work late into each night creating lessons and activities for the following day, trying to come up with ways to attract my students and connect them to the larger world. I also plan to go back to school for further study so that I can also teach science, math, social studies, reading and writing.
1. Why did the author say no to teaching at first
A. She didn't like to work with children.
B. She wasn't sure if she could do it well.
C. Her mother wanted her to do something else.
D. It would take up too much of her time and energy.
2. When did the author fall in love with teaching
A. When she had her own child.
B. Immediately after she started teaching.
C. During the time when she lived abroad.
D. When she learnt about her students' dreams.
3. What can we learn about the author's students
A. They work hard and dream big.
B. Most of them come from poor families.
C. They knew nothing about French in the beginning.
D. Their lives are mostly limited to their hometown.
4. What does the author want to do in the near future
A. Work in her mother's school.
B. Receive further education in teaching.
C. Teach more languages besides French.
D. Experiment with new teaching methods.
B
The Lobkowicz family is based in Bohemia, a historic place in the Czech Republic. Since the 14th century, the family has been at the center of European art and culture. Their noble (贵族的) background enabled them to support writers, artists, and such classical musician as Beethoven and Joseph Haydn.
Early members of the family lived in great castles (城堡). Their interest in the arts led them to collect paintings and other works that deeply influenced European culture.
Protecting the castles and collections has not been easy. Since the start of World War II, the family's treasures have been taken away twice. For more than 40 years, they were hidden from the public. In the 1990s, when the family got their treasures back, which survived almost undamaged, they decided to open up their collections to the world.
Today, the family owns four castles in the Czech Republic. Plans are underway for a new library for international scholars (学者) at Nelahozeves Castle. “We want to make sure that we share these things with the world because they are really part of world history and culture,” said William Lobkowicz, who represents the family's younger generation (代).
The Lobkowicz Palace in Prague Castle is now a museum with a world-famous art collection. Among all the works there, that of a special artist, Pieter Bruegel the Elder, stands out clearly. “He showed what life was really like at his time,” Lobkowicz said.
Bruegel painted pictures of peasants in everyday settings: working in the field, hunting in the snow, and celebrating marriages. “That was quite special,” Lobkowicz explained. “Most paintings at that time showed nobles and their living places. Bruegel instead tried to record a true moment in time, where we can see what was actually happening.”
The Lobkowicz family recognizes the importance of sharing such treasures, especially with young people. Kids will be particularly interested in the planned museum in the childhood home of the Czech musician Antonín Dvo ák, which is situated below Nelahozeves Castle.
Through these projects, thousands of valuable works of art will be brought to light, and the Lobkowicz family will realize their wish to serve as custodians (看管人) of impressive treasures.
5. The opening paragraph is mainly used to _____.
A. put forward a problem
B. introduce a topic for discussion
C. offer background information
D. provide an interesting example
6. What happened to the Lobkowicz family after World War II broke out
A. Their collections were taken.
B. Their collections were damaged.
C. They hid their collections from the public.
D. They gave their collections to the government.
7. What made Bruegel a special artist
A. He was born into a peasant family.
B. He didn't like to deal with nobles.
C. His paintings show ordinary people's life.
D. His paintings didn't become known until his death.
8. What would be the best title of the text
A. The Lobkowicz family
B. European art and culture
C. Custodians of European culture
D. Art collections in ancient castles
答案
21-25 CDCAD 26-30 BACDD
31-35 ABCCB 36-40 EGADF 41-45 CBACB
46-50 BDACD 51-55 CABAC 56-60 DBCAD
61. scientist 62. for 63. called
64. to study 65. amazed 66. differences
67. him 68. was 69. an 70. who / that
短文改错
71. ... I am a ... am → was
72. ... walk around ... walk → walking
73. ... also listen people's ... listen后加to
74. ... that is quite ... that → which
75. Beside, some of ... Beside → Besides
76. ... my idea for ... idea → ideas
77. For an example ... 去掉an
78. ... turn them into ... them → it
79. Final, I'm ... Final → Finally
80. ... or write in ... or → and
书面表达
One possible version:
Jane Goodall was born in 1934. At an early age, Jane was interested in animals. She'd dreamed of studying animals in the wild, which encouraged her to go to Africa to study chimps in 1960. To get closer to chimps, she lived in the wild for many years. She faced many difficulties when she began her work, but she never gave up. Thanks to Jane's research, we now know a lot about chimps. Jane believes wild animals should live in the wild and not be used to give humans pleasure. She has helped to set up places where they can live safely. Her story encourages me to study hard and try to achieve everything I want to do.
部分解析
阅读理解
第一节
A篇
主题语境：人与自我——生活
本文是应用文。文章为某旅行路线简介。
21. C。细节理解题。由Trip dates部分中的June 22-June 29, 2019; July 10-July 17, 2019可知，该旅行安排了不同的出发时间，供游客选择。
22. D。细节理解题。由Days 4-6部分中的you'll travel to Folly Beach and experience world-class wildlife watching on a boat ride可知，旅途第四至六天，人们可以乘船观赏野生动物。
23. C。细节理解题。由What's included部分中的Cooking equipment可知，该旅行组织方为游客提供炊具。
B篇
主题语境：人与自我——学习
本文是记叙文。70名女童子军参加某活动，与科学家面对面，了解他们的工作，大胆说出自己的科技创新想法，并学习知识产权知识。
24. A。细节理解题。由第二段中的stations were set up to ... protect their ideas and inventions可知，活动期间，参与者学习了如何利用商标、版权等保护自己的想法和发明。
25. D。细节理解题。由第三段可知，Nola Levengood设想了一种泡泡状染发剂，洗澡时使用便能让使用者的头发焕然一新。
26. B。细节理解题。由倒数第三和第四段可知，参加活动的许多女孩儿都不喜欢数学，但Nora Lim Yang是个例外，她喜欢数学和科学，并且爱搞研究。
27. A。推理判断题。由倒数第二段可知，她认为做研究的过程中，失败是很重要的一部分，在成功之前，人们需要时间、练习、兴趣，并在失败之后反复尝试。因此推断，她在最后一段所说的话的隐含义是：失败是成功之母。
C篇
主题语境：人与社会——社会
本文是说明文。文章介绍孩子们对广告的认知以及如何引导孩子正确看待广告。
28. C。词义猜测题。由第一段中的For example, the more TV a child ... want and ask for可知，孩子们电视看得越多，想要买的东西越多，那么作为父母应该让孩子知道广告的目的就是说服人们“购买”东西。
29. D。细节理解题。由第三段中的At 0-2 years, children can't tell ... actual programs可知, 0-2岁的孩子认为广告和其他节目没有区别。
30. D。细节理解题。由第五段中的recognize some advertising techniques ... good products are可知，7-11岁的孩子逐渐能够判断出广告中的内容有夸大成分，并非全部属实。
31. A。推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的For example, parents can get their children ... Who is it for可知，父母要引导孩子看清广告的真相。
D篇
主题语境：人与社会——人际沟通
本文是议论文。某调查报告显示，现在许多青少年严重缺乏社交能力。作者认为，青少年应多积累社交经验，并提议家长、学校和整个社会积极帮助青少年培养社交能力。
32. B。细节理解题。由第二段中的They said they were wasting ... have no social skills at all和第三段中的Six out of 10 of the 12- to 17-year-olds ... difficult to make friends可知，许多青少年花在社交上的时间很少，并且社交能力差；许多雇主也反映他们的应聘者中有许多似乎根本没有社交能力。
33. C。推理判断题。由前三段可知，作者引用一项调查报告的结果提出了文章所讨论的问题。
34. C。篇章结构题。文章第二段中，作者提到，许多雇主认为，现在新进员工的社交能力甚至比智商和学业成绩更重要。第三段一开始，作者承接上文提出一个问题：然而从哪里才能获得它（对工作很重要的社交能力）呢？
35. B。写作目的题。作者在最后一段中连续使用We should, Parents should, Schools should和we as a society should提出了建议，即帮助青少年提高社交能力，并举例说明了帮助他们的办法。因此，作者写最后一段主要是为了提建议。
第二节
主题语境：人与社会——文化
本文是说明文。文章讲述了书写的起源。
36. E。下文For example, they developed ways ... for a short time each year是对E项内容的举例说明，即他们学会了利用自然环境，以维持生存。
37. G。本空下一句中的each city指的是G项中的cities like Ur and Nineveh。
38. A。本空承接上文the Sumerians realized they needed some way to record information，苏美尔人意识到他们需要通过某种途径记录信息，因此便发明了书写。故选A项。
39. D。D项中的This story指代上文中的the first major written story。
40. F。本空前的Much of Sumerian culture has disappeared from memory与F项内容形成转折关系，虽然许多苏美尔文化消失在历史长河中，但研究者们对这些人的了解一天比一天多。
语言知识运用
第一节
主题语境：人与自我——生活
本文是记叙文。作者讲述了邻居查尔斯二十五年间一丝不苟，亲自铸造一艘钢制帆船的故事。
41. C。由上文中的I live in a house with a beautiful view of hills and our little town以及下文中的I got to know my ... Charles可知，此处表示当“我”二十四年前“搬到（moved）”这儿的时候。
42. B。由下文中多次出现的boat可知，住在隔壁的男子正在建造一艘“船（boat）”。
43. A。由语境及下文中的I enjoyed watching the ... of the boat可知，从“我”家的窗户上可以“看到（watch）”他。
44. C。 45. B。由上文中的the man next door was building ... from my window和He was building it alone以及下文中的He handcrafted it, piece by piece可知，“我”喜欢从旁欣赏“邻居（neighbor）”查尔斯的造船“过程（progress）”。
46. B。由本句中的he had built a slightly smaller wooden sailboat but had sold it before ever sailing it himself可知，这是查尔斯建造的“第二（second）”艘船。
47. D。由上文可知，查尔斯曾造过一艘木质帆船，还未亲自试水便将它卖给别人。结合本句中的but可知，查尔斯“想（wanted）”建造一艘更大些的钢制帆船。
48. A。由本句中的Charles did things very carefully以及下文中的He handcrafted it, piece by piece可知，查尔斯做事一丝不苟，“不慌不忙”地亲自铸造每一个零件，rushed符合语境。
49. C。50. D。由本句中的with the passing years以及下文中的And work on the boat progressed even slowly可知，“遗憾的是（Unfortunately）”，查尔斯年龄越来越大，“身体状况（health）”渐渐不如当年。
51. C。由上文可知，查尔斯亲自铸造帆船零件，再加上他年龄大了，身体也不如当年了，造船进程很慢。更糟糕的是，一次交通事故让他开始背部疼痛，这使得造船的进程“更慢（slowed）”了。
52. A。53. B。由语境可知，“我”虽然没有和查尔斯“谈论过（talk about）”这艘钢制帆船竣工的事，但“我”知道他明白自己不可能“完工（finish）”了。
54. A。由上文的描述以及本句中的but可知，二十五年间，查尔斯潜心于制造这艘钢制帆船，但是他现在无法“继续（continue）”下去了。
55. C。由下文中的its new owner可知，查尔斯将那艘钢制帆船“卖（sell）”给别人了。
56. D。由上文可知，查尔斯将那艘钢制帆船卖给别人了。结合下文中的the boat was taken away可知，不久前的一天，当“我”往窗外看时，查尔斯的船“不见了（gone）”。
57. B。由上文中的the bigger steel boat以及下文中的I saw Charles out there helping可知， 将帆船从查尔斯的后院搬走是项艰巨的“任务（task）”。
58. C。设空处指代查尔斯花了二十五年的时间建造的钢制帆船，project意为“工程”，符合语境。
59. A。60. D。结合全文，此处表示帆船从查尔斯后院搬走的那一天，他有些如释重负，因为它再也不会在这里“提醒着（make him remember）”自己的缺憾，但同时他也有些“忧伤（sad）”，毕竟这艘船耗费了他二十多年的心血。
第二节
主题语境：人与社会——社会
本文是记叙文。文章描述了著名生物学家查尔斯·达尔文的主要经历及成就。
61. scientist。考查名词。设空处作表语, 表示“科学家”，因为设空处前有不定冠词，故填名词scientist。
62. for。考查介词。be known for ... 意为“因……而出名”。
63. called。考查过去分词作定语的用法。设空处所在部分表示“达尔文搭乘贝格尔号船”，call与ship之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填called。
64. to study。考查不定式作表语的用法。设空处作表语，说明主语goal的具体内容，故填to study。
65. amazed。考查形容词作表语的用法。设空处作表语，表示“惊讶的”，故填形容词amazed。
66. differences。考查名词复数。设空处作宾语，表示“不同”，由其前的some可知，此处应用名词复数形式，故填 differences。
67. him。考查代词。设空处作宾语, 指代Darwin，表示“他”，故填宾格him。
68. was。考查一般过去时。由then（指代1858）可知，设空处表示过去的状态，应用一般过去时，因为主语是The idea of evolution，故填was。
69. an。考查不定冠词。success 在此表示“成功的事物”， 是可数名词，因为设空处后有形容词immediate，故填an。
70. who / that。考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰people，且在从句中作主语，故填who / that。
选做题参考答案及解析
参考答案
1-4 DBDB 5-8 CACC
解析
A篇
主题语境：人与自我——做人与做事
本文是记叙文。幼时，作者从未想过自己会成为老师。一次偶然的机会，她走进了课堂，便爱上了这份职业。
1. D。推理判断题。由第一段中的I watched my mother over the years, and I knew it wasn't for me和第三段可知，作者从作为老师的母亲身上看到，这份工作需要占用大量的时间、消耗许多精力，于是作者认为这份工作不适合自己。
2. B。细节理解题。由第六段中的I landed in a primary school ... I'd stick with teaching可知，作者在进入学校的第一周就爱上了教书。
3. D。细节理解题。由倒数第三段可知，作者的学生大多没有离开过他们住的城镇，有些至多只是去过市区的博物馆。
4. B。细节理解题。由最后一段中的I also plan to go back ... reading and writing可知，作者计划回到学校进修，以期将来能够教授其它科目。
B篇
主题语境：人与社会——艺术
本文是说明文。Lobkowicz家族多年来致力于文化艺术作品的收藏与保护，并乐于将他们的收藏品展出，与世人共赏。
5. C。写作目的题。第一段简单介绍了Lobkowicz家族及其与欧洲文化艺术的渊源，为本文的话题Lobkowicz家族和欧洲文化艺术提供了简单的背景信息。
6. A。细节理解题。由Since the start of World War II, the family's treasures have been taken away twice可知，第二次世界大战以来，该家族的珍贵收藏品先后两次被剥夺。
7. C。推理判断题。由倒数第四段中的He showed what life was really like at his time和倒数第三段可知，在Bruegel生活的时代，大多绘画作品描绘的都是贵族和他们的庄园，而Bruegel的作品则记录了农民的日常生活。
8. C。标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了Lobkowicz家族与欧洲文化艺术的渊源，他们喜爱收藏并保护艺术作品。这些珍贵的收藏品曾两度被人夺走，但最终回归Lobkowicz家族。他们妥善安置这些收藏品，开设博物馆展览藏品供人们欣赏，并规划图书馆等供学者使用。他们致力于看管并与人们分享欧洲艺术文化，因此C项作标题最合适。