外研版必修5 Module 1 British and American English单元测试题 1（含答案）
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| 名称 | 外研版必修5 Module 1 British and American English单元测试题 1（含答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-01-24 21:01:11 | ||
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Module 1 British and American English
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Generally speaking, waiting rooms are always filled with a lot of impatient people. However, a project carried out by The Observer suggests that people regard these spaces as a place of refuge (避难), a window in their tightly scheduled lives.
Ella Doroudy, Margate Station
We were at the beach for the day, and now are on our way home. We don't have to wait very long, because we checked the timetable so we got here in time for the train. I just chat with my mates, really, and listen to music until the train comes. Waiting with other people is easier because you can kill time when you're talking about stuff.
Caroline Lacey, Streatham Dental Center
I don't really get nervous about seeing the dentist, but since these two fillings (补牙的材料) came out I've been in sharp pain. It's very bright and airy here, so it's quite calming. Usually I kill time by reading magazines. I've been coming to the dentist as and when I need to, but now it's got to be regular.
Katie Hawkins, Model Casting
I was a bit late today, which I'm quite pleased about because some of these girls have been waiting ages. You can't help but look at everyone else a bit — you look at the other girls and think: “I wonder if they'll like her better than they like me.” While I'm waiting, I'm thinking: “Oh come on. I do have a life!”
Paul Thomas, Royal London Hospital
I feel pretty indifferent (满不在乎的) while I'm waiting here, to be honest. It's something I've got very used to since my motorbike accident seven years ago. I've had about 32 operations so far. It's no good rushing in thinking you're going to escape in five minutes, so I just sit back and people-watch, really.
21. What is Ella doing at Margate Station
A. Checking the timetable.
B. Catching the train to the beach.
C. Meeting and picking her mates up.
D. Waiting for the train to return home.
22. How does Caroline feel after she enters the waiting room
A. Bored.
B. Excited.
C. Relaxed.
D. Nervous.
23. What kind of feeling does Katie probably show when she is thinking “I do have a life!”
A. Impatience.
B. Satisfaction.
C. Amazement.
D. Confidence.
24. Who enjoys looking at the people around him or her while waiting
A. Paul Thomas.
B. Ella Doroudy.
C. Katie Hawkins.
D. Caroline Lacey.
B
Throughout history scientists have risked their health and their lives in their search for the truth.
Sir Isaac Newton, the seventeenth century scientist, was very smart, but that didn't stop him from doing some pretty stupid things. In his laboratory in Cambridge he often did the strangest experiments. Once, while testing how light passes through lenses (晶状体), he put a long needle into his eye, pushed it to the back, and then moved it around just to see what would happen. Luckily, nothing long-lasting did. On another occasion he stared at the sun for as long as he could bear, to discover what effect this would have on his sight. Again he escaped suffering permanent damage, though he had to spend some days in a darkened room before his eyes recovered.
In the 1750s the Swedish chemist Karl Scheele was the first person to find a way to produce phosphorus (磷). He in fact discovered eight more chemical elements including chlorine (氯), though he didn't get any praise for them. He was a very clever scientist, but his one failing was a curious habit of tasting a little of every substance he worked with. This risky practice finally caught up with him, and in 1786 he was found dead in his laboratory surrounded by a large number of dangerous chemicals, any of which might have been responsible for his death.
Eugene Shoemaker was a respected geologist. He spent a large part of his life studying craters (火山口) on the moon, and how they were formed, and later did research into the comets of the planet Jupiter. In 1997 he and his wife were in the Australian desert where they went every year to search for places where comets (彗星) might have hit the earth. While driving in the Tanami desert, normally one of the emptiest places in the world, another vehicle crashed into them and Shoemaker was killed on the spot. Some of his ashes were sent to the moon aboard the Lunar Prospector spacecraft and left there — he is the only person who has had this honor.
25. What does the underlined word “permanent” in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Brief.
B. Slight.
C. Lasting.
D. Ordinary.
26. What did Karl Scheele like doing when performing experiments
A. Tasting chemicals.
B. Staying in the empty lab.
C. Experimenting in darkness.
D. Working together with others.
27. What special honor was Shoemaker given after his death
A. He was buried in the Tanami desert.
B. Some of his ashes were placed on the moon.
C. One comet of Jupiter was named after him.
D. A spacecraft carrying him traveled around Jupiter.
28. The text is mainly about three great scientists' _____.
A. special honors
B. great achievements
C. famous experiments
D. suffering in the job
C
Worldwide, humans use about 1 trillion plastic bags each year. But experts say they're causing major trouble for the environment. That's why cities like Austin, Texas, and San Francisco, California, have banned plastic bags. New York City plans to charge a five-cent fee for every bag.
In fact, it takes 10 to 20 years for a plastic bag to break down. Even then, tiny pieces of the bag never really go away. Many plastic bags get washed out to sea. Thousands of sea animals, like dolphins and whales, die each year because of plastic bags. Some animals think the bags are food and eat them. But an animal's body can't process a bag like it processes food. The bag can cause a very slow, painful death for an animal. Sea animals aren't the only ones eating plastic. The chemicals in plastic bags can get into the ground at a landfill. The chemicals can also get into the bodies of animals we eat. That means the chemicals can get into our water and food.
Plastic bags were first introduced in 1977. People thought the bags were much better than paper bags. Plastic bags were stronger and cheaper to make. They were light and easy to use and store. Plastic bags can also be healthier to use. Germs (细菌) from raw meat and vegetables can live a lot longer on cloth or paper bags than they do on plastic bags.
A lot of people say that getting rid of plastic bags isn't necessary. Instead, they want to reduce the number of bags we use. New York City's bag fee is one way to do that. Shoppers might think twice before using a plastic bag if they have to pay for it. Most Americans already reuse plastic bags. Some people take plastic bags back to the store the next time they shop. Others pack their lunches in them. And many people use them to pick up after their dogs. Some stores are trying bags made from more Earth-friendly materials, like corn (玉米). But it is not clear yet if these will help the environment.
29. What's the second paragraph mainly about
A. The value of plastic bags.
B. The future of plastic bags.
C. The danger of plastic bags.
D. The processing methods of plastic bags.
30. What can we learn about plastic bags made from corn
A. They prove to be deadly to sea animals.
B. They can break down entirely like food.
C. They are healthier to use than paper bags.
D. They do no harm to the environment.
31. What's the attitude of New York City towards plastic bags
A. Their usage should be reduced.
B. They should be offered for free.
C. They should be banned entirely.
D. Their materials should be from plants.
D
For the last five years, I have been fortunate enough to work on a large vocabulary research project for Cambridge English, the English Vocabulary Profile. You can view the results for free online at www.englishprofile.org. Working with Carol Cassidy, we developed a database (数据库), containing the words and phrases that learners of English around the world typically know and use. We analysed (分析) a 50-million-word collection of learners' writing from Cambridge English exams, but we also looked at the vocabulary taught in best-selling British and American English course books.
We have found that there are some words that are still characteristically British or American. British people have biscuits with their cup of tea or coffee, but Americans have cookies. We have cookies too in Britain, but they are a certain type of biscuit, such as chocolate chip cookies, where the original recipe (配方) is American. A British person goes on holiday, while an American takes a vacation; you visit a city centre in Britain but go downtown in the US.
A few words have different meanings across the two varieties of English, which could cause some embarrassment: Americans who are wearing pants have their legs covered, but if a British person is dressed only in pants, they are in their underwear (clothes that you wear next to your body under your other clothes)! And if you need to fill up your car with fuel, you can ask for gas in the US, but you need to buy petrol in Britain, as “gas” is not a liquid in British English.
Overall, though, our research shows that British and American English are still very close to each other. The 10 most common words (the, of, to, and, a, in, that, is, for and I) are the same in both countries, and most of the UK's 5,000 most common words are also in the USA's top 5,000.
32. What can we learn about the project the author worked on
A. It offers vocabulary courses online.
B. It is based on powerful evidence.
C. It is a study on English exams.
D. It aims to collect new words.
33. What may British people refer to when they say “cookies”
A. Tiny chocolate cakes.
B. Biscuits made in Britain.
C. American biscuit recipes.
D. A variety of biscuit.
34. Which sentence may be proper when you chat with British people
A. My car has run out of liquid!
B. It is great to wear pants for the party.
C. I'll fill my car up with gas immediately.
D. I bought the pants in that shop yesterday.
35. What do the numbers in the last paragraph show
A. British and American English are still very similar.
B. The most common English words have changed greatly.
C. Short words are most commonly used in the English language.
D. The differences between British and American English are obvious.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Time is on your side
How frequently do you say “I don't have time” Quite often, I guess. Every time we say those words, they make us feel weak and out of control. You are in control of your hours and your life. 36
I know it's not as easy as simply turning off the TV. But here are two steps that will help you take back control and get time on your side.
★ 37
Be honest: do you spend an hour or two visiting Weixin and QQ every day Are you spending time with people that you don't really like just to please them Are there meetings you attend that you can politely refuse
It's time to get real about the hours that add up to a lot of dissatisfying nothing. Think how you can cancel daily activities that are not useful. 38
★Change your language.
Words matter. They have power. Saying “I don't have time” is an excuse for not wanting to do something. Here are some good, empowering alternatives:
“I choose not to start that project until next year.”
“ 39 ”
“I'd love to go out this weekend but have important work I need to do first.”
Get better at saying no. 40 Use little pockets of time (friend running late, car stuck in traffic, meeting ending 10 minutes early) to do some productive thinking. All these things can add up over time more than you believe!
A. Identify your blocks.
B. But you are likely wasting a lot of it!
C. I really don't have enough time to do it.
D. Replace them with things that satisfy you.
E. Take no notice of all those unimportant messages on your phone.
F. I'd love to read that book — I'll get to it after my homework is complete!
G. When you don't have a plan for your life, someone else will plan it for you.
第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
On Monday, April 20, we experienced heavy rain and fierce winds. During a break in the weather on Tuesday morning, I stupidly decided to 41 into town to buy some food.
I left the supermarket around 10 am. 42 , as I drove the six kilometers back to my home, the weather took a turn for the 43 . It was raining very 44 and I was forced to take a 45 I don't usually travel. Nearing my town, I watched as the water level on the road 46 in front of me. I had nowhere to go.
The driver of a four-wheel drive signaled (示意) from his car to tell me not to try and cross the 47 road. Then I noticed a man in his early 30s in his front yard 48 the situation. He quickly waved to me to come and 49 in his driveway away from the rushing water.
The man called Trent then 50 me to wait inside his house. I told him I was concerned about the 51 to my father's car, which I was driving, 52 the continuing rain started to turn into hail (冰雹). Trent then took a cover from his garage and 53 my car to protect it from the hail. 54 , his efforts saved Dad's car from being destroyed by the hail.
While waiting for the 55 to improve, I learned that Trent had 56 his job ten months ago and was trying his hand as a local handyman (做零活的人) to make ends meet.
By 12:30 pm the rain 57 so I asked Trent if he thought it would be safe enough to 58 — he told me it was. As I left, I insisted on 59 two of his business cards, and my father has since called Trent to offer him 60 as a handyman at our place doing various small jobs.
41. A. run B. walk C. drive D. bike
42. A. Besides B. Therefore C. Instead D. However
43. A. more B. worse C. less D. better
44. A. lightly B. normally C. heavily D. regularly
45. A. town B. road C. turn D. market
46. A. rose B. arrived C. fell D. disappeared
47. A. busy B. wide C. quiet D. dangerous
48. A. recording B. describing C. changing D. examining
49. A. call B. park C. wash D. stay
50. A. forced B. begged C. invited D. promised
51. A. approach B. reaction C. damage D. attention
52. A. as B. if C. so D. but
53. A. hid B. cleaned C. measured D. covered
54. A. Suddenly B. Secretly C. Interestingly D. Fortunately
55. A. job B. water C. weather D. business
56. A. got B. lost C. kept D. finished
57. A. came B. poured C. stopped D. continued
58. A. use B. leave C. try D. enter
59. A. taking B. accepting C. signing D. borrowing
60. A. chance B. work C. service D. transport
第Ⅱ卷
第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
When I first met Alexander and he said to me, in Russian, “Nalei mnye chai”, I 61. ________ (get) angry. When his words 62. ________ (translate) into English, there were no polite words like “Could you ... ” and “please”. It sounded 63. ________ (real) rude to me. But in Russian it was fine — you don't have to add any polite words.
However, when I took Alexander home 64. ________ (meet) my parents in the UK, I had to give him an intensive (速成的) course in pleases and thank yous, 65. ________ he thought were completely unnecessary, and to teach him to say sorryeven if someone else stepped on 66. ________ (he) toe, and to smile, smile, smile.
Alexander complained that in England he felt “like the village idiot” because in Russia if you smile all 67. ________ time people think that you are mad. In fact, this is exactly 68. ________ my husband's friends thought of me the first time I went to Russia because I smiled 69. ________ everyone, and translated every “please” and “thank you” from English into Russian!
At home we now have a(n) 70. ________ (agree). If we're speaking Russian, he can say “Pour me some tea”, and just make a noise when I give it to him. But when we're speaking English, he has to add a “please”, a “thank you”, and a smile.
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Jackie,
The school holidays are drawing to near. I feel very exciting at the thought that I am going to visit America in the holidays. It's the first time for me to travel abroad on my own, so I need your helping. I'd like to visit some areas of scenic beauty, such for mountains, rivers or forests, which I could enjoy the beauty of nature. Could you suggest several place for me to visit Beside, I prefer to live in a hotel and I hoped the traffic isn't too heavy. Perhaps you could help me book hotel.
I'm expecting to hear from you, and I'm looking forward to meet you in America.
Yours,
Zhang Nan
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Bill对中国文学（Chinese literature）感兴趣，向你咨询如何在短期内学习更多的内容。请你用英语给他写一封电子邮件，推荐他参加中国文学学习班并说明理由。
注意：1. 词数100左右（开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数）；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Bill,
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
21-25 DCDAC 26-30 ABDCC
31-35 ABDDA 36-40 BADFE 41-45 CDBCB
46-50 ADDBC 51-55 CADDC 56-60 BCBAB
61. got 62. were translated 63. really
64. to meet 65. which 66. his
67. the 68. what 69. at
70. agreement
短文改错：
71. ... drawing to near. 去掉to
72. ... feel very exciting ... exciting → excited
73. ... need your helping. helping → help
74. ... such for ... for → as
75. ... which I could ... which → where
76. ... several place ... place → places
77. Beside, I prefer ... Beside → Besides
78. ... and I hoped ... hoped → hope
79. ... book hotel. hotel前加a
80. ... forward to meet ... meet → meeting
One possible version：
Dear Bill,
I'm extremely delighted to hear that you are interested in Chinese literature. And I strongly recommend you join a Chinese literature class.
Firstly, attending a literature class allows you to learn more about Chinese literature in a shorter period of time, compared to surfing casually online. Secondly, under the guidance of experienced teachers, you can enjoy the beauty of the Chinese language better. What's more, you'll make friends who are also Chinese literature lovers, which creates a good environment for you and allows you to share feelings and expressions during the process of learning.
I hope my advice will be helpful to you.
Yours,
Li Hua
部分解析
阅读理解：
第一节：
A篇 (个人情感)
本文是应用文。文章介绍了四个人在不同场所等候时的心理活动。
21. D。细节理解题。由Ella Doroudy说的now are on our way home ... we got here in time for the train ... listen to music until the train comes可知，她正在Margate Station车站的候车厅等返程回家的火车。
22. C。推理判断题。由Caroline Lacey说的 I've been in sharp pain. It's very bright and airy here, so it's quite calming可知，牙科医院候诊室明亮且通风，这让牙痛难忍的Caroline感到很放松。
23. D。推理判断题。Katie Hawkins是在模特选角现场的等待区，由划线句前她对自己的鼓励come on可知，参加模特选角的Katie看到等候区众多女孩，心里默默地对自己鼓励说她有机会，此处应是表现她的自信。
24. A。细节理解题。由Paul Thomas说的I just sit back and people-watch, really可知，等待的时候，他喜欢观察四周的人。
B 篇 (历史)
本文是记叙文。文章描述了三位科学家冒着牺牲健康甚至是生命的危险在寻找真理的科学之路上所遭受的苦难。
25. C。词义猜测题。由第二段介绍牛顿把针插到眼睛里做实验的结果Luckily, nothing long-lasting did和他盯着太阳看的实验结果Again he escaped ... damage可知，两次危险的实验都没有让牛顿遭受持久性的伤害。
26. A。细节理解题。由第三段的his one failing was a curious habit of tasting a little of every substance he worked with可知，Karl Scheele有一个弱点是他喜欢做实验时品尝化学品的味道。
27. B。细节理解题。由最后一段的Some of his ashes were sent to the moon aboard the Lunar Prospector spacecraft and left there — he is the only person who has had this honor可知，Shoemaker是唯一死后其部分骨灰被放到了月球上的人。
28. D。主旨大意题。文章首段即本文主旨段，下文接着描述了三位科学家冒着牺牲健康甚至是生命的危险在寻找真理的科学之路上所遭受的苦难。
C篇 (热点话题)
本文是议论文。文章探讨塑料袋是否应该被完全禁止。
29. C。段落大意题。本段介绍了塑料袋难以分解，对海洋生物造成致命危险，并且其化学成分会进入到动物体内，污染人类的水源和食物。故本段是对塑料袋危害性的介绍。
30. C。推理判断题。由第三段的Germs from raw meat and vegetables can live a lot longer on cloth or paper bags than they do on plastic bags可知，塑料袋比纸袋子更能抑制细菌的生长，故使用起来相对健康一些。
31. A。推理判断题。由最后一段的... getting rid of plastic bags isn't necessary. Instead, they want to reduce the number of bags we use. New York City's bag fee is one way to do that并结合第一段的New York City plans to charge a five-cent fee for every bag可知，纽约市认为塑料袋的使用量应该减少，但没必要完全禁止使用塑料袋。
D篇 (语言学习)
本文是说明文。作者参与了一项关于英式英语和美式英语的研究，发现两种英语依然大同小异。
32. B。推理判断题。由第一段的We analysed a 50-million-word collection ... course books可知，作者所参与的这个研究项目基于可信的依据。
33. D。细节理解题。由第二段的We have cookies too in Britain, but they are a certain type of biscuit可知，当英国人说cookies时，实际指的是一种源自美国配方的特定饼干，如美式巧克力曲奇。
34. D。推理判断题。由第三段作者列举英式和美式英语中一些单词的细微差别可知，pants在英国指的是一种内衣，而在美国则指长裤。故与英国人交谈时D项说法中的pants没有特指是那种类型的衣服，故应该是合理的。
35. A。推理判断题。最后一段的Overall, though, our research shows that British and American English are still very close to each other即本段主旨句，该段落中提到的数字是为了说明英式英语和美式英语依然非常相似。
第二节：
话题：计划与愿望
本文是说明文。我们常常觉得时间不够用，本文介绍了两个具体步骤帮助我们收回控制权，让时间为我们所用。
36. B。由上文作者猜测多数人常常说自己没时间可知，B项中的wasting a lot of it与此相呼应。虽然你是自己时间和生活的主宰，但你可能正在大量浪费时间。
37. A。由下文提及的the hours that add up to a lot of dissatisfying nothing可知，A 项中所指的blocks就是指代Be honest部分列举的那些浪费你时间的事。作者认为收回时间控制权的第一步是要找出阻挠你的事。
38. D。D项的Replace them with things that satisfy you是针对上文作者所说的how you can cancel daily activities that are not useful的解决办法。作者建议换个角度想想你如何能去掉那些无用的日常活动，用能带给你满足感的事情取而代之。
39. F。由小标题Change your language可知，作者认为说“我没有时间”只是不想做某事的借口，他建议用其它能增添自信的说辞来替代，今后你就有可能会做此事。F项说辞与文中所举的其它两种选择都能令你增添自信。
40. E。由本段该空缺处前后的Get better at saying no和Use little pockets of time可知，作者建议你忽略掉手机上那些不重要的信息，利用零散时间想一想有益的事。
英语知识运用：
第一节：
话题：人际关系
本文是记叙文。作者描述了他在一场大雨中得到好心人的帮助的经历。
41. C。由下文的I drove ... back to my home可知，“我”是“开车（drive）”去市里买东西。
42. D。43. B。由下文“我”因大雨无法继续前行回家可知，“我离开超市时没有下雨”和“开了一段之后天气突然变得‘糟糕（worse）'”之间是转折关系，故用However。
44. C。45. B。因雨下得“太大（heavily）”，“我”被迫改“道（road）”驱车回家。
46. A。由下文的I had nowhere to go和the rushing water可知，由于雨势太大，“我”前面的路面积水“升高（rose）”。
47. D。路面积水升高使得道路“危险（dangerous）”，因此一位司机示意告诉“我”不要试图穿越。
48. D。由下文那位叫Trent的男子向“我”招手示意去他家躲避来势汹汹的雨水可知，这位三十岁左右的男子在他家前院“检查（examining）”路面情况。
49. B。由下文的wait inside his house可知，Trent让“我”把车“停到（park）”他家。
50. C。Trent是“我”回家路上遇到的一位好心的陌生人，他“邀请（invited）”“我”去他家避雨。
51. C。由下文的saved Dad's car from being destroyed by the hail可知，“我”担心父亲的车因冰雹而“受损（damage）”。
52. A。“我担心父亲的车受损”和“一直下的雨开始变成冰雹”之间是因果关系，故用as。
53. D。Trent从车库拿出一个外罩是为了“遮住（covered）”“我”的车以免被冰雹砸坏。
54. D。由his efforts saved Dad's car可知，“庆幸的是（Fortunately）”，Trent的举措挽救了父亲的车，使其免被冰雹砸坏。
55. C。“我”到Trent 家是为了等“天气（weather）”好转。
56. B。由下文的as a local handyman to make ends meet可知，通过做零活勉强糊口的Trent “失去（lost）”工作已经十个月了。
57. C。58. B。由it would be safe enough和As I left可知，12:30的时候雨“停了（stopped）”，于是“我”问Trent是否足够安全可以“离开（leave）”。
59. A。“我”与Trent认识之前他就在做零工，因此“我”离开时坚持要“拿走（taking）”两张他的名片。
60. B。由at our place doing various small jobs可知，父亲之后常打电话给Trent提供做零活的“工作（work）”。
第二节：
61. got。考查一般过去时。由前文可知，此句描述的是过去的事情，故填got。
62. were translated。考查一般过去时的被动语态。his words与translate之间是被动关系，且描述的是发生在过去的事，故填were translated。
63. really。考查副词。设空处修饰形容词rude，故填副词really。
64. to meet。考查不定式作状语的用法。设空处在句中作目的状语，故填不定式to meet。
65. which。考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明pleases and thank yous，且在从句中作主语，故填which。
66. his。考查代词。设空处作为定语限定名词toe，表示“他的”。
67. the。考查定冠词。all the time意为“一直”。
68. what。考查连接词。设空处引导表语从句，且在从句中作宾语，故填what。
69. at。考查介词。smile at sb.意为“对某人微笑”。
70. agreement。考查名词。设空处在句中作宾语，表示“（意见）一致”，故填agreement。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Generally speaking, waiting rooms are always filled with a lot of impatient people. However, a project carried out by The Observer suggests that people regard these spaces as a place of refuge (避难), a window in their tightly scheduled lives.
Ella Doroudy, Margate Station
We were at the beach for the day, and now are on our way home. We don't have to wait very long, because we checked the timetable so we got here in time for the train. I just chat with my mates, really, and listen to music until the train comes. Waiting with other people is easier because you can kill time when you're talking about stuff.
Caroline Lacey, Streatham Dental Center
I don't really get nervous about seeing the dentist, but since these two fillings (补牙的材料) came out I've been in sharp pain. It's very bright and airy here, so it's quite calming. Usually I kill time by reading magazines. I've been coming to the dentist as and when I need to, but now it's got to be regular.
Katie Hawkins, Model Casting
I was a bit late today, which I'm quite pleased about because some of these girls have been waiting ages. You can't help but look at everyone else a bit — you look at the other girls and think: “I wonder if they'll like her better than they like me.” While I'm waiting, I'm thinking: “Oh come on. I do have a life!”
Paul Thomas, Royal London Hospital
I feel pretty indifferent (满不在乎的) while I'm waiting here, to be honest. It's something I've got very used to since my motorbike accident seven years ago. I've had about 32 operations so far. It's no good rushing in thinking you're going to escape in five minutes, so I just sit back and people-watch, really.
21. What is Ella doing at Margate Station
A. Checking the timetable.
B. Catching the train to the beach.
C. Meeting and picking her mates up.
D. Waiting for the train to return home.
22. How does Caroline feel after she enters the waiting room
A. Bored.
B. Excited.
C. Relaxed.
D. Nervous.
23. What kind of feeling does Katie probably show when she is thinking “I do have a life!”
A. Impatience.
B. Satisfaction.
C. Amazement.
D. Confidence.
24. Who enjoys looking at the people around him or her while waiting
A. Paul Thomas.
B. Ella Doroudy.
C. Katie Hawkins.
D. Caroline Lacey.
B
Throughout history scientists have risked their health and their lives in their search for the truth.
Sir Isaac Newton, the seventeenth century scientist, was very smart, but that didn't stop him from doing some pretty stupid things. In his laboratory in Cambridge he often did the strangest experiments. Once, while testing how light passes through lenses (晶状体), he put a long needle into his eye, pushed it to the back, and then moved it around just to see what would happen. Luckily, nothing long-lasting did. On another occasion he stared at the sun for as long as he could bear, to discover what effect this would have on his sight. Again he escaped suffering permanent damage, though he had to spend some days in a darkened room before his eyes recovered.
In the 1750s the Swedish chemist Karl Scheele was the first person to find a way to produce phosphorus (磷). He in fact discovered eight more chemical elements including chlorine (氯), though he didn't get any praise for them. He was a very clever scientist, but his one failing was a curious habit of tasting a little of every substance he worked with. This risky practice finally caught up with him, and in 1786 he was found dead in his laboratory surrounded by a large number of dangerous chemicals, any of which might have been responsible for his death.
Eugene Shoemaker was a respected geologist. He spent a large part of his life studying craters (火山口) on the moon, and how they were formed, and later did research into the comets of the planet Jupiter. In 1997 he and his wife were in the Australian desert where they went every year to search for places where comets (彗星) might have hit the earth. While driving in the Tanami desert, normally one of the emptiest places in the world, another vehicle crashed into them and Shoemaker was killed on the spot. Some of his ashes were sent to the moon aboard the Lunar Prospector spacecraft and left there — he is the only person who has had this honor.
25. What does the underlined word “permanent” in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Brief.
B. Slight.
C. Lasting.
D. Ordinary.
26. What did Karl Scheele like doing when performing experiments
A. Tasting chemicals.
B. Staying in the empty lab.
C. Experimenting in darkness.
D. Working together with others.
27. What special honor was Shoemaker given after his death
A. He was buried in the Tanami desert.
B. Some of his ashes were placed on the moon.
C. One comet of Jupiter was named after him.
D. A spacecraft carrying him traveled around Jupiter.
28. The text is mainly about three great scientists' _____.
A. special honors
B. great achievements
C. famous experiments
D. suffering in the job
C
Worldwide, humans use about 1 trillion plastic bags each year. But experts say they're causing major trouble for the environment. That's why cities like Austin, Texas, and San Francisco, California, have banned plastic bags. New York City plans to charge a five-cent fee for every bag.
In fact, it takes 10 to 20 years for a plastic bag to break down. Even then, tiny pieces of the bag never really go away. Many plastic bags get washed out to sea. Thousands of sea animals, like dolphins and whales, die each year because of plastic bags. Some animals think the bags are food and eat them. But an animal's body can't process a bag like it processes food. The bag can cause a very slow, painful death for an animal. Sea animals aren't the only ones eating plastic. The chemicals in plastic bags can get into the ground at a landfill. The chemicals can also get into the bodies of animals we eat. That means the chemicals can get into our water and food.
Plastic bags were first introduced in 1977. People thought the bags were much better than paper bags. Plastic bags were stronger and cheaper to make. They were light and easy to use and store. Plastic bags can also be healthier to use. Germs (细菌) from raw meat and vegetables can live a lot longer on cloth or paper bags than they do on plastic bags.
A lot of people say that getting rid of plastic bags isn't necessary. Instead, they want to reduce the number of bags we use. New York City's bag fee is one way to do that. Shoppers might think twice before using a plastic bag if they have to pay for it. Most Americans already reuse plastic bags. Some people take plastic bags back to the store the next time they shop. Others pack their lunches in them. And many people use them to pick up after their dogs. Some stores are trying bags made from more Earth-friendly materials, like corn (玉米). But it is not clear yet if these will help the environment.
29. What's the second paragraph mainly about
A. The value of plastic bags.
B. The future of plastic bags.
C. The danger of plastic bags.
D. The processing methods of plastic bags.
30. What can we learn about plastic bags made from corn
A. They prove to be deadly to sea animals.
B. They can break down entirely like food.
C. They are healthier to use than paper bags.
D. They do no harm to the environment.
31. What's the attitude of New York City towards plastic bags
A. Their usage should be reduced.
B. They should be offered for free.
C. They should be banned entirely.
D. Their materials should be from plants.
D
For the last five years, I have been fortunate enough to work on a large vocabulary research project for Cambridge English, the English Vocabulary Profile. You can view the results for free online at www.englishprofile.org. Working with Carol Cassidy, we developed a database (数据库), containing the words and phrases that learners of English around the world typically know and use. We analysed (分析) a 50-million-word collection of learners' writing from Cambridge English exams, but we also looked at the vocabulary taught in best-selling British and American English course books.
We have found that there are some words that are still characteristically British or American. British people have biscuits with their cup of tea or coffee, but Americans have cookies. We have cookies too in Britain, but they are a certain type of biscuit, such as chocolate chip cookies, where the original recipe (配方) is American. A British person goes on holiday, while an American takes a vacation; you visit a city centre in Britain but go downtown in the US.
A few words have different meanings across the two varieties of English, which could cause some embarrassment: Americans who are wearing pants have their legs covered, but if a British person is dressed only in pants, they are in their underwear (clothes that you wear next to your body under your other clothes)! And if you need to fill up your car with fuel, you can ask for gas in the US, but you need to buy petrol in Britain, as “gas” is not a liquid in British English.
Overall, though, our research shows that British and American English are still very close to each other. The 10 most common words (the, of, to, and, a, in, that, is, for and I) are the same in both countries, and most of the UK's 5,000 most common words are also in the USA's top 5,000.
32. What can we learn about the project the author worked on
A. It offers vocabulary courses online.
B. It is based on powerful evidence.
C. It is a study on English exams.
D. It aims to collect new words.
33. What may British people refer to when they say “cookies”
A. Tiny chocolate cakes.
B. Biscuits made in Britain.
C. American biscuit recipes.
D. A variety of biscuit.
34. Which sentence may be proper when you chat with British people
A. My car has run out of liquid!
B. It is great to wear pants for the party.
C. I'll fill my car up with gas immediately.
D. I bought the pants in that shop yesterday.
35. What do the numbers in the last paragraph show
A. British and American English are still very similar.
B. The most common English words have changed greatly.
C. Short words are most commonly used in the English language.
D. The differences between British and American English are obvious.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Time is on your side
How frequently do you say “I don't have time” Quite often, I guess. Every time we say those words, they make us feel weak and out of control. You are in control of your hours and your life. 36
I know it's not as easy as simply turning off the TV. But here are two steps that will help you take back control and get time on your side.
★ 37
Be honest: do you spend an hour or two visiting Weixin and QQ every day Are you spending time with people that you don't really like just to please them Are there meetings you attend that you can politely refuse
It's time to get real about the hours that add up to a lot of dissatisfying nothing. Think how you can cancel daily activities that are not useful. 38
★Change your language.
Words matter. They have power. Saying “I don't have time” is an excuse for not wanting to do something. Here are some good, empowering alternatives:
“I choose not to start that project until next year.”
“ 39 ”
“I'd love to go out this weekend but have important work I need to do first.”
Get better at saying no. 40 Use little pockets of time (friend running late, car stuck in traffic, meeting ending 10 minutes early) to do some productive thinking. All these things can add up over time more than you believe!
A. Identify your blocks.
B. But you are likely wasting a lot of it!
C. I really don't have enough time to do it.
D. Replace them with things that satisfy you.
E. Take no notice of all those unimportant messages on your phone.
F. I'd love to read that book — I'll get to it after my homework is complete!
G. When you don't have a plan for your life, someone else will plan it for you.
第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
On Monday, April 20, we experienced heavy rain and fierce winds. During a break in the weather on Tuesday morning, I stupidly decided to 41 into town to buy some food.
I left the supermarket around 10 am. 42 , as I drove the six kilometers back to my home, the weather took a turn for the 43 . It was raining very 44 and I was forced to take a 45 I don't usually travel. Nearing my town, I watched as the water level on the road 46 in front of me. I had nowhere to go.
The driver of a four-wheel drive signaled (示意) from his car to tell me not to try and cross the 47 road. Then I noticed a man in his early 30s in his front yard 48 the situation. He quickly waved to me to come and 49 in his driveway away from the rushing water.
The man called Trent then 50 me to wait inside his house. I told him I was concerned about the 51 to my father's car, which I was driving, 52 the continuing rain started to turn into hail (冰雹). Trent then took a cover from his garage and 53 my car to protect it from the hail. 54 , his efforts saved Dad's car from being destroyed by the hail.
While waiting for the 55 to improve, I learned that Trent had 56 his job ten months ago and was trying his hand as a local handyman (做零活的人) to make ends meet.
By 12:30 pm the rain 57 so I asked Trent if he thought it would be safe enough to 58 — he told me it was. As I left, I insisted on 59 two of his business cards, and my father has since called Trent to offer him 60 as a handyman at our place doing various small jobs.
41. A. run B. walk C. drive D. bike
42. A. Besides B. Therefore C. Instead D. However
43. A. more B. worse C. less D. better
44. A. lightly B. normally C. heavily D. regularly
45. A. town B. road C. turn D. market
46. A. rose B. arrived C. fell D. disappeared
47. A. busy B. wide C. quiet D. dangerous
48. A. recording B. describing C. changing D. examining
49. A. call B. park C. wash D. stay
50. A. forced B. begged C. invited D. promised
51. A. approach B. reaction C. damage D. attention
52. A. as B. if C. so D. but
53. A. hid B. cleaned C. measured D. covered
54. A. Suddenly B. Secretly C. Interestingly D. Fortunately
55. A. job B. water C. weather D. business
56. A. got B. lost C. kept D. finished
57. A. came B. poured C. stopped D. continued
58. A. use B. leave C. try D. enter
59. A. taking B. accepting C. signing D. borrowing
60. A. chance B. work C. service D. transport
第Ⅱ卷
第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
When I first met Alexander and he said to me, in Russian, “Nalei mnye chai”, I 61. ________ (get) angry. When his words 62. ________ (translate) into English, there were no polite words like “Could you ... ” and “please”. It sounded 63. ________ (real) rude to me. But in Russian it was fine — you don't have to add any polite words.
However, when I took Alexander home 64. ________ (meet) my parents in the UK, I had to give him an intensive (速成的) course in pleases and thank yous, 65. ________ he thought were completely unnecessary, and to teach him to say sorryeven if someone else stepped on 66. ________ (he) toe, and to smile, smile, smile.
Alexander complained that in England he felt “like the village idiot” because in Russia if you smile all 67. ________ time people think that you are mad. In fact, this is exactly 68. ________ my husband's friends thought of me the first time I went to Russia because I smiled 69. ________ everyone, and translated every “please” and “thank you” from English into Russian!
At home we now have a(n) 70. ________ (agree). If we're speaking Russian, he can say “Pour me some tea”, and just make a noise when I give it to him. But when we're speaking English, he has to add a “please”, a “thank you”, and a smile.
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Jackie,
The school holidays are drawing to near. I feel very exciting at the thought that I am going to visit America in the holidays. It's the first time for me to travel abroad on my own, so I need your helping. I'd like to visit some areas of scenic beauty, such for mountains, rivers or forests, which I could enjoy the beauty of nature. Could you suggest several place for me to visit Beside, I prefer to live in a hotel and I hoped the traffic isn't too heavy. Perhaps you could help me book hotel.
I'm expecting to hear from you, and I'm looking forward to meet you in America.
Yours,
Zhang Nan
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Bill对中国文学（Chinese literature）感兴趣，向你咨询如何在短期内学习更多的内容。请你用英语给他写一封电子邮件，推荐他参加中国文学学习班并说明理由。
注意：1. 词数100左右（开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数）；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Bill,
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
21-25 DCDAC 26-30 ABDCC
31-35 ABDDA 36-40 BADFE 41-45 CDBCB
46-50 ADDBC 51-55 CADDC 56-60 BCBAB
61. got 62. were translated 63. really
64. to meet 65. which 66. his
67. the 68. what 69. at
70. agreement
短文改错：
71. ... drawing to near. 去掉to
72. ... feel very exciting ... exciting → excited
73. ... need your helping. helping → help
74. ... such for ... for → as
75. ... which I could ... which → where
76. ... several place ... place → places
77. Beside, I prefer ... Beside → Besides
78. ... and I hoped ... hoped → hope
79. ... book hotel. hotel前加a
80. ... forward to meet ... meet → meeting
One possible version：
Dear Bill,
I'm extremely delighted to hear that you are interested in Chinese literature. And I strongly recommend you join a Chinese literature class.
Firstly, attending a literature class allows you to learn more about Chinese literature in a shorter period of time, compared to surfing casually online. Secondly, under the guidance of experienced teachers, you can enjoy the beauty of the Chinese language better. What's more, you'll make friends who are also Chinese literature lovers, which creates a good environment for you and allows you to share feelings and expressions during the process of learning.
I hope my advice will be helpful to you.
Yours,
Li Hua
部分解析
阅读理解：
第一节：
A篇 (个人情感)
本文是应用文。文章介绍了四个人在不同场所等候时的心理活动。
21. D。细节理解题。由Ella Doroudy说的now are on our way home ... we got here in time for the train ... listen to music until the train comes可知，她正在Margate Station车站的候车厅等返程回家的火车。
22. C。推理判断题。由Caroline Lacey说的 I've been in sharp pain. It's very bright and airy here, so it's quite calming可知，牙科医院候诊室明亮且通风，这让牙痛难忍的Caroline感到很放松。
23. D。推理判断题。Katie Hawkins是在模特选角现场的等待区，由划线句前她对自己的鼓励come on可知，参加模特选角的Katie看到等候区众多女孩，心里默默地对自己鼓励说她有机会，此处应是表现她的自信。
24. A。细节理解题。由Paul Thomas说的I just sit back and people-watch, really可知，等待的时候，他喜欢观察四周的人。
B 篇 (历史)
本文是记叙文。文章描述了三位科学家冒着牺牲健康甚至是生命的危险在寻找真理的科学之路上所遭受的苦难。
25. C。词义猜测题。由第二段介绍牛顿把针插到眼睛里做实验的结果Luckily, nothing long-lasting did和他盯着太阳看的实验结果Again he escaped ... damage可知，两次危险的实验都没有让牛顿遭受持久性的伤害。
26. A。细节理解题。由第三段的his one failing was a curious habit of tasting a little of every substance he worked with可知，Karl Scheele有一个弱点是他喜欢做实验时品尝化学品的味道。
27. B。细节理解题。由最后一段的Some of his ashes were sent to the moon aboard the Lunar Prospector spacecraft and left there — he is the only person who has had this honor可知，Shoemaker是唯一死后其部分骨灰被放到了月球上的人。
28. D。主旨大意题。文章首段即本文主旨段，下文接着描述了三位科学家冒着牺牲健康甚至是生命的危险在寻找真理的科学之路上所遭受的苦难。
C篇 (热点话题)
本文是议论文。文章探讨塑料袋是否应该被完全禁止。
29. C。段落大意题。本段介绍了塑料袋难以分解，对海洋生物造成致命危险，并且其化学成分会进入到动物体内，污染人类的水源和食物。故本段是对塑料袋危害性的介绍。
30. C。推理判断题。由第三段的Germs from raw meat and vegetables can live a lot longer on cloth or paper bags than they do on plastic bags可知，塑料袋比纸袋子更能抑制细菌的生长，故使用起来相对健康一些。
31. A。推理判断题。由最后一段的... getting rid of plastic bags isn't necessary. Instead, they want to reduce the number of bags we use. New York City's bag fee is one way to do that并结合第一段的New York City plans to charge a five-cent fee for every bag可知，纽约市认为塑料袋的使用量应该减少，但没必要完全禁止使用塑料袋。
D篇 (语言学习)
本文是说明文。作者参与了一项关于英式英语和美式英语的研究，发现两种英语依然大同小异。
32. B。推理判断题。由第一段的We analysed a 50-million-word collection ... course books可知，作者所参与的这个研究项目基于可信的依据。
33. D。细节理解题。由第二段的We have cookies too in Britain, but they are a certain type of biscuit可知，当英国人说cookies时，实际指的是一种源自美国配方的特定饼干，如美式巧克力曲奇。
34. D。推理判断题。由第三段作者列举英式和美式英语中一些单词的细微差别可知，pants在英国指的是一种内衣，而在美国则指长裤。故与英国人交谈时D项说法中的pants没有特指是那种类型的衣服，故应该是合理的。
35. A。推理判断题。最后一段的Overall, though, our research shows that British and American English are still very close to each other即本段主旨句，该段落中提到的数字是为了说明英式英语和美式英语依然非常相似。
第二节：
话题：计划与愿望
本文是说明文。我们常常觉得时间不够用，本文介绍了两个具体步骤帮助我们收回控制权，让时间为我们所用。
36. B。由上文作者猜测多数人常常说自己没时间可知，B项中的wasting a lot of it与此相呼应。虽然你是自己时间和生活的主宰，但你可能正在大量浪费时间。
37. A。由下文提及的the hours that add up to a lot of dissatisfying nothing可知，A 项中所指的blocks就是指代Be honest部分列举的那些浪费你时间的事。作者认为收回时间控制权的第一步是要找出阻挠你的事。
38. D。D项的Replace them with things that satisfy you是针对上文作者所说的how you can cancel daily activities that are not useful的解决办法。作者建议换个角度想想你如何能去掉那些无用的日常活动，用能带给你满足感的事情取而代之。
39. F。由小标题Change your language可知，作者认为说“我没有时间”只是不想做某事的借口，他建议用其它能增添自信的说辞来替代，今后你就有可能会做此事。F项说辞与文中所举的其它两种选择都能令你增添自信。
40. E。由本段该空缺处前后的Get better at saying no和Use little pockets of time可知，作者建议你忽略掉手机上那些不重要的信息，利用零散时间想一想有益的事。
英语知识运用：
第一节：
话题：人际关系
本文是记叙文。作者描述了他在一场大雨中得到好心人的帮助的经历。
41. C。由下文的I drove ... back to my home可知，“我”是“开车（drive）”去市里买东西。
42. D。43. B。由下文“我”因大雨无法继续前行回家可知，“我离开超市时没有下雨”和“开了一段之后天气突然变得‘糟糕（worse）'”之间是转折关系，故用However。
44. C。45. B。因雨下得“太大（heavily）”，“我”被迫改“道（road）”驱车回家。
46. A。由下文的I had nowhere to go和the rushing water可知，由于雨势太大，“我”前面的路面积水“升高（rose）”。
47. D。路面积水升高使得道路“危险（dangerous）”，因此一位司机示意告诉“我”不要试图穿越。
48. D。由下文那位叫Trent的男子向“我”招手示意去他家躲避来势汹汹的雨水可知，这位三十岁左右的男子在他家前院“检查（examining）”路面情况。
49. B。由下文的wait inside his house可知，Trent让“我”把车“停到（park）”他家。
50. C。Trent是“我”回家路上遇到的一位好心的陌生人，他“邀请（invited）”“我”去他家避雨。
51. C。由下文的saved Dad's car from being destroyed by the hail可知，“我”担心父亲的车因冰雹而“受损（damage）”。
52. A。“我担心父亲的车受损”和“一直下的雨开始变成冰雹”之间是因果关系，故用as。
53. D。Trent从车库拿出一个外罩是为了“遮住（covered）”“我”的车以免被冰雹砸坏。
54. D。由his efforts saved Dad's car可知，“庆幸的是（Fortunately）”，Trent的举措挽救了父亲的车，使其免被冰雹砸坏。
55. C。“我”到Trent 家是为了等“天气（weather）”好转。
56. B。由下文的as a local handyman to make ends meet可知，通过做零活勉强糊口的Trent “失去（lost）”工作已经十个月了。
57. C。58. B。由it would be safe enough和As I left可知，12:30的时候雨“停了（stopped）”，于是“我”问Trent是否足够安全可以“离开（leave）”。
59. A。“我”与Trent认识之前他就在做零工，因此“我”离开时坚持要“拿走（taking）”两张他的名片。
60. B。由at our place doing various small jobs可知，父亲之后常打电话给Trent提供做零活的“工作（work）”。
第二节：
61. got。考查一般过去时。由前文可知，此句描述的是过去的事情，故填got。
62. were translated。考查一般过去时的被动语态。his words与translate之间是被动关系，且描述的是发生在过去的事，故填were translated。
63. really。考查副词。设空处修饰形容词rude，故填副词really。
64. to meet。考查不定式作状语的用法。设空处在句中作目的状语，故填不定式to meet。
65. which。考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明pleases and thank yous，且在从句中作主语，故填which。
66. his。考查代词。设空处作为定语限定名词toe，表示“他的”。
67. the。考查定冠词。all the time意为“一直”。
68. what。考查连接词。设空处引导表语从句，且在从句中作宾语，故填what。
69. at。考查介词。smile at sb.意为“对某人微笑”。
70. agreement。考查名词。设空处在句中作宾语，表示“（意见）一致”，故填agreement。