【课后练习】Unit 4 Breaking boundaries Period 3（含答案与解析）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 4　Breaking boundaries
Period 3
维度一　词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．Louis Armstrong was one of the most (influence) artists in the history of music.
2． (divide) into four groups，the students in the class put on the costumes and performed.
3．Up to now, organ donation (save) thousands of children who would otherwise have died.
4．She conducted herself (noble) at the party and won others' respect.
5．Agriculture in this country has developed greatly after (liberty).
6．Three years later, he left the army and returned to (civil) life.
维度二　固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1．He begins writing poetry the influence of his friend, Robert Frost.
2．The interactions between teachers and students can have a great influence____ students' performance at school.
3．The job is too much for you.Why not divide it small parts among your partners?
4．She treated her parents as if they (be) strangers.
5．The new building is going up a cost of $82 million.
6．The specialist tried hard to get his new idea of public transportation across to the people, but vain.
7． is up to you to decide whether to carry out this plan or not.
8．A computer is can be used to write e?mail, to search information, to do shopping and so on.
9． (look) at the picture, I couldn't help missing my middle school days.
10．I arrived at the classroom with paper cards designed the shape of maple leaves.
维度三　完成句子/句型转换/一句多译
1．由他来处理会上提出的问题。
put forward at the meeting.
2．It rained heavily，which caused severe flooding in that country.
→It rained heavily, ．(现在分词作状语)
3．The temple was built to memorize one of our ancestors.
→The temple was built one of our ancestors.(in ＋n.＋of)
4．梵·高对现代绘画的发展产生了影响。
①Van Gogh the development of modern painting.(influence n．)
②Van Gogh the development of modern painting.(influence/affect adj.)
③Van Gogh the development of modern painting.(effect n．)
5．由于忙于工作，他没有时间陪伴孩子。
①He ,_so he had no time to accompany his children.(busy adj.)
②He ,_so he had no time to accompany his children.(occupy v．)
③He ,_so he had no time to accompany his children.(engage v．)
维度四　课文语法填空
In 1863, America was 1. (bitter) divided. For two years, its people had been deep in a civil war beween the slave?owning Confederate Southern States and the “free” Northern States of the Union. The 2. (bad) battle ever took place at Gettysburg and lasted three days. The Union side won, but at a great cost. Over 50，000 soldiers 3. (kill) or wounded, and people lost hope and purpose.
Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States of America, understood the feelings of the civilian people. So, 4. a grey afternoon on 19 November 1863，he made a speech in Gettysburg, in memory of those soldiers who had died. His speech gave the people hope, belief and a reason 5. (look) to the future. He gave them a new vision of 6. the United States of America should be. He called upon 7. living to remove not only the divisions between North and South, but the 8. (boundary) between black and white, and work step by step towards the 9. (equal) of humankind.　
Though it was just 268 words long and 10. (last) only two minutes, Lincoln's speech changed the minds of his people and helped shape a nation.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Vijay Gupta is known to classical music lovers across the United States. He serves as the first violinist for the Los Angeles Philharmonic. In that job, he often plays to large crowds, including many very rich people. When he is not performing, he organizes concerts for homeless people. “They have reminded me why I became a musician，” he said.
Last week, Gupta was recognized for being a founder and the artistic director of Street Symphony. The group has performed at homeless shelters, jails and halfway houses for about eight years. Gupta is among the 25 winners of the 2018 MacArthur Fellowship, commonly known as the “genius grant”. Each winner will receive $625，000 over five years to use as they wish. The money is coming from a private group, the John D． and Katherine T. MacArthur Foundation. It awards grants(补助金)to people whose work it considers exceptional and that “inspires hope in us all”. Gupta said he got the idea for Street Symphony while teaching Nathaniel Ayers, a trained musician whose mental illness led to homelessness.
Another winner is Rebecca Sandefur, an associate professor of sociology and law in the University of Illinois. The Associated Press says her research actively supports new ways to involve poor communities in the U．S. justice system.
47?year?old Sandefur created the first national mapping of civil legal aid providers. It shows which states had the financial resources to provide such aid and which did not. She also found that the cost of legal services is only one of the things preventing poor people from getting lawyers. Among the others are fears about unfairness in the legal system. Sandefur noted that a lot of attention has been paid to problems with the criminal justice system, but more attention must be paid to the civil side of the law, which also affects millions of people.
1．Why did Gupta win the award?
A．For his achievements in classical music.
B．For performing for large crowds.
C．For organizing a group playing for the homeless.
D．For the friendship with Nathaniel Ayers.
2．What do we know about MacArthur Fellowship?
A．It is founded by the government.
B．It offers $625，000 to 25 winners in 2018.
C．It allows the winners to use the money freely.
D．It awards people who make great contributions to society.
3．What was the extraordinary thing that Sandefur did?
A．She offered legal aids to the poor freely.
B．She made the legal system fairer.
C．She paid more attention to the criminal justice system.
D．She made it easier to get legal help for the poor.
4．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Grants Winners, Inspiring the Poor
B．The City Homeless, in Need of Help
C．Vijay Gupta, an Extraordinary Violinist
D．MacArthur Foundation, Awarding Exceptional Work
B
“What is the biggest challenge of graduate school？” an undergraduate asked the group of graduate students at an event I helped organize last summer. “Not letting the support from my community turn into pressure，” one member responded. That answer might have surprised some, who probably expected to hear about experiments that didn't work or trudging through academic materials. But I understood exactly what she meant.
Throughout my education, friends and family have expected me to take advantage of every opportunity I come across because I may not get the same chance again. They expect me to give outstanding performances everywhere I go because I represent them and our culture. Mentors (导师) expect that I will never give up. This has been a great source of motivation, but also of pressure.
I remembered a conversation with a mentor. At the end of my first year of graduate school, I struggled with a strong desire to leave the program with a master's degree. I was accustomed to hearing “Don't give up” and “You have to finish”—words that were meant to be motivational. Instead, they made me feel I would be a disappointment if I left. After I discussed the pros and cons of leaving with my mentor, she responded completely different from what I expected. “I support any decision you make，” she said. “I will always be proud of you and your achievements.” Hearing this simple, direct statement of support, I felt every muscle of my body loosen.
My mentor knew the right thing to say, but we can't expect the same from everyone. Sometimes, friends and family ask me, “How long until you get your degree？” As many graduate students will agree, this question is a stress starter. Now, when people in my community—always with the bestintentions—say something that creates pressure and makes me feel bad, I tell them and we talk about it. I tell them that I prefer to hear, “Do you need someone to talk to? How can I help you through this tough time？” This was a bit awkward at first. But I've started to notice a change. These days, I get fewer stress—inducing(引起压力的) questions and comments.
5．Which can replace the underlined word “trudging” in paragraph 1?
A．Struggling. B．Seeing.
C．Breaking. D．Cutting.
6．What can be inferred from paragraph 3 about the author?
A．He was afraid to leave his program.
B．He appreciated what his mentor said.
C．He preferred to discuss pros and cons.
D．He had a strong desire to get a master's degree.
7．Which does the author prefer to hear when he needs support?
A．Never give up!
B．How about a chat?
C．Have you prepared for the result?
D．Go ahead! I will back you up!
8．What's the main idea of the text?
A．Value the source of inspiration from your community.
B．Communicate with your community more about study.
C．Find a way to block out support from your community.
D．Let support from your community become less stressful.
Ⅱ.完形填空
Since it was uploaded to Internet in June, the video of Nigerian ballet dancer Madu dancing in the rain has been __1__ hundreds of thousands of times over. In a moment when social media channels have been filled with upsetting __2__， the scene of the 11?year?old pirouetting (单脚旋转) over puddles (水坑) is especially __3__．
Madu is one of a dozen students at Daniel Owoseni's Leap Academy (学院) of Dance. Owoseni __4__ the ballet school three years ago. He __5__ himself after watching Save the Last Dance at 13. “I basically learned all the fundamental __6__ of ballet through Internet，” says Owoseni. A __7__ later, Owoseni was outstanding enough to __8__ the best in the country. __9__， his hopes for an international career were quickly ruined, for he was told an African was not qualified. It was then that Owoseni decided to __10__ a ballet school in his hometown for kids like himself who couldn't __11__ ballet classes. Owoseni started teaching at his home before a local businesswoman offered him a free __12__ where he now holds weekly lessons.
Beyond the __13__ that the academy has received from all over the world, he's most impressed by the __14__ of his own pupils. “Nothing makes a teacher __15__ than a student who wants to learn，” he says. “Even though it rains cats and dogs outside they're getting ready for class. Who wouldn't be proud of these children？”
1．A.heard B．viewed
C．made D．delivered
2．A.news B．promises
C．credits D．progress
3．A.inspiring B．annoying
C．interesting D．convincing
4．A.attended B．founded
C．finished D．discovered
5．A.demanded B．exchanged
C．clarified D．taught
6．A.competitions B．directions
C．principles D．solutions
7．A.decade B．fortnight
C．century D．week
8．A.manage B．surprise
C．cancel D．match
9．A.Anyway B．However
C．Besides D．Therefore
10．A.run into B．account for
C．set up D．refer to
11．A.afford B．reserve
C．receive D．submit
12．A.opportunity B．space
C．guidance D．holiday
13．A.intention B．permission
C．assistance D．attention
14．A.contribution B．motivation
C．devotion D．admission
15．A.angrier B．sadder
C．wiser D．happier
参考答案与解析
维度一　词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1.influential
2.Divided
3.has_saved
4.nobly
5.liberation
6.civilian
维度二　固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1.under
2.on
3.into
4.had_been
5.at
6.in
7.It
8.what
9.Looking
10.in
维度三　完成句子/句型转换/一句多译
1.It_is_up_to_him_to_deal_with_the_problem
2.causing_severe_flooding_in_that_country
3.in_memory_of
4.①had_an_influence_on ②influenced/affected ③had_an_effect_on
5.①was_busy_with_routine_tasks②was_occupied_with_routine_tasks
③was_engaged_in_routine_tasks
维度四　课文语法填空
1.bitterly
2.worst
3.were_killed
4.on
5.to_look
6.what
7.the
8.boundaries
9.equality
10.lasted
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【解题导语】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了两位麦克阿瑟奖学金的获得者——古普塔和桑德弗尔分别通过音乐和法律来帮助穷人的故事。
1．C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When he is not performing, he organizes concerts for homeless people.”及第二段中的“a founder and the artistic director of Street Symphony”可知，古普塔为无家可归的人组织音乐会，他是“街头交响乐”组织的创始人，由此可知，古普塔获奖的原因是他成立了一个为无家可归者演奏交响乐的组织。故选C。
2．C　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Each winner will receive $625，000 over five years to use as they wish.”可知，每位麦克阿瑟奖学金的获得者将在五年内获得62.5万美元，按照自己的意愿使用，由此可知，麦克阿瑟奖学金允许获得者自由地使用这笔钱。故选C。
3．D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The Associated Press says her research actively supports new ways to involve poor communities in the U．S. justice system.”可知，美联社说，丽贝卡·桑德弗尔的研究积极支持让贫困社区参与美国司法系统的新方法，由此可知，桑德弗尔使穷人更容易获得法律帮助。故选D。
4．A　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了两位麦克阿瑟奖学金的获得者——古普塔和桑德弗尔分别通过音乐和法律来帮助穷人的故事，所以短文的最佳标题为“奖励获奖者，激励穷人”。故选A。
【解题导语】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者主要以自身的经历，叙述了很多人与作者一样面对着来自周围圈子的支持变成了压力。作者希望来自周围圈子的支持不要变成压力。
A　解析：词义猜测题。根据上文“That answer might have surprised some...through academic materials.(那样的回答可能会使一些人感到惊讶，他们可能希望听到的是“实验不顺利”或“在学术材料的学习中遇到一些困难”。)”可知，此处“trudging”的意思是“(因疲劳或负重而)步履沉重地走、费力地走”与A选项“Struggling”意思相近。故选A。
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Hearing this simple, direct statement of support, I felt every muscle of my body loosen.(听到这个简单、直接支持的声明，我感到我身体的每一块肌肉都放松了。)”可知，导师给他的回应出乎他的意料，使他感受到了真正的支持而非压力。由此可推知，作者感激他的导师所说的话。故选B。
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I tell them that I prefer to hear...I've started to notice a change.(我告诉他们我更喜欢听，‘你需要找个人谈谈吗？我如何才能帮助你度过这段艰难的时光。’一开始这有点尴尬。但我开始注意到一个变化)”可以推断出，当作者需要支持的时候，他更喜欢听到“聊聊怎么样？”这句话。故选B。
D　解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“‘What is the biggest challenge of graduate school？’ an undergraduate...‘Not letting... pressure，’ one member responded．(‘研究生院最大的挑战是什么？’去年夏天，在我帮助组织的一次活动中，一名本科生问一群研究生。‘不要让我们周围圈子的支持变成压力，’一名成员回应道。)”可知，这篇文章的主旨是不要让来自周围圈子的支持变成压力。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过一个11岁男孩走红的芭蕾视频导入，介绍了他的老师奥沃塞尼的传奇人生：从小自学成才，通过自己的努力在家乡为像他一样没钱上芭蕾课的孩子们开办一所芭蕾学校，并为他的学生们的努力投入而骄傲。
1.B　解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：自从来自尼日利亚的芭蕾舞者马杜在雨中跳舞的视频在6月被上传到网上后，到现在为止已经获得了超过几十万的观看量。hear意为“听到”，view意为“观看”，make意为“制作”，deliver意为“发送”。因为传到网上的是视频，所以应该是被“观看”。故选B。
2.A　解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在社交媒体频道充斥着令人沮丧的消息的时刻，11岁孩子在水坑上做脚尖旋转的场景尤其令人振奋。news意为“新闻、消息”，promise意为“承诺”，credit意为“信用”，progress意为“进步”。社交媒体所传播的可以是“消息”，其他选项如“承诺、信用和进步”都不是社交媒体所传播的。故选A。
3.A　解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在社交媒体频道充斥着令人沮丧的消息的时刻，11岁孩子在水坑上做脚尖旋转的场景尤其令人振奋。inspiring意为“鼓舞人心的、令人振奋的”，annoying意为“令人恼怒的”，interesting意为“有趣的”，convincing意为“令人信服的”。和上文“令人沮丧的消息”相对应，可知，空格处应该是upsetting的反义词inspiring，孩子的舞蹈场景令人振奋。故选A。
4.B　解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：奥沃塞尼3年前创办了这所芭蕾舞学校。attend意为“出席”，found意为“建立、创办”，finish意为“完成”，discover意为“发现”。因原来没有这所学校，是奥沃塞尼创办这所学校。故选B。
5.D　解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他本人是在13岁时观看了《留住最后一支舞》之后自学成才的。demand意为“要求”，exchange意为“交换”，clarify意为“澄清”，teach意为“教”。根据下文“I basically learned all the fundamental ______ of ballet through Internet”可知，他是自学的舞蹈。“teach oneself”意为“自学”。故选D。
6.C　解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我基本上是通过互联网学会了所有芭蕾的基本法则(动作)。competition意为“比赛”，direction意为“指导”，principle意为“法则，原理”，solution意为“解决方案”。通过网络学到的东西，可以是芭蕾舞的法则。故选C。
7.A　解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：十年后，奥沃塞尼优秀的表现足以和国内最优秀的舞者们同台竞技。decade意为“十年”，fortnight意为“两星期”，century意为“世纪”，week意为“周”。根据下文“Owoseni was outstanding enough to ______ the best in the country”可知，奥沃塞尼成功了，一个舞蹈演员从开始学习到成功，得十年的时间。故选A。
8.D　解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。manage意为“设法完成”，surprise意为“使……惊讶”，cancel意为“取消”，match意为“与……匹敌、与……不相上下”。根据上文“Owoseni was outstanding enough”和下文“the best in the country”可知，奥沃塞尼的舞蹈水平已经可以和全国最好的相匹敌了。故选D。
9.B　解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，他对国际职业生涯的希望很快就破灭了，因为他被告知一个非洲人不够格。anyway意为“无论如何”，however意为“然而”，besides意为“另外”，therefore意为“因此”。下文“his hopes for an international career were quickly ruined...”和上文“Owoseni was outstanding enough...”是转折关系。故选B。
10.C　解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：就在那时，奥沃塞尼决定在他的家乡为像他一样没钱上芭蕾课的孩子们建立一所芭蕾舞学校。run into意为“遇到”，account for意为“说明”，set up意为“建立”，refer to意为“涉及”。根据句子主语Owoseni和动词宾语a ballet school，可知应用“建立”。故选C。
11.A　解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。afford意为“买得起、负担得起”，reserve意为“预定、保留”，receive意为“接收”，submit意为“提交、呈递、屈服、顺从”。奥沃塞尼本人是自学成才的，之所以自学成才，应该是上不起舞蹈学校。根据上文“in his hometown for kids like himself”，可知，这所芭蕾舞学校是为像他那样的上不起芭蕾舞课的孩子建立的。故选A。
12.B　解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：刚开始他在自己家里上课，后来当地一位女商人给他免费提供了一个上课的场所，现在他每周都在那儿上课。opportunity意为“机会”，space意为“空间、空地”，guidance意为“指导”，holiday意为“假期”。根据上文“Owoseni started teaching at his home”，可知，奥沃塞尼的学校起初并没有场所。分析句子可知“where he now holds weekly lessons”是where引导的定语从句，先行词应为地点名词，所以用space合乎逻辑。 故选B。
13.D　解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，除了学校受到全世界的关注以外，让他印象最深刻的是自己学生的努力投入。intention意为“意图”，permission意为“允许”，assistance意为“援助”，attention意为“关注”。根据文章开头“Since it was uploaded to Internet in June, the video of Nigerian ballet dancer Madu dancing in the rain has been ____ hundreds of thousands of times over.”的介绍可知，现在这所学校受到全世界的关注。故选D。
14.C　解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。contribution意为“贡献”，motivation意为“动机”，devotion意为“奉献、专心、热爱”，admission意为“准许进入、承认”。根据文章最后一句“Even though it rains cats and dogs outside they're getting ready for class.(即使外面下着倾盆大雨，他们也在为上课做准备)”可知，老师最引以为傲的是他自己的学生们对学习的努力投入。故选C。
15.D　解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有什么比一个想要学习的学生更让老师开心的了。angrier意为“更生气的”，sadder意为“更伤心的”，wiser意为“更明智的”，happier意为“更高兴的”。根据句意可知，此句为否定的比较级表达最高级，说明最使老师高兴的事就是学生渴望学习精神。故选D。
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