中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
八年级（下）Unit 1 单元检测
（满分75分）
第一部分 选择题（50分）
一、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~10各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
A grandmother and her young granddaughter went out to do Christmas shopping for family and friends. While they were walking down a busy city street, they __1__ a homeless man. He was sitting against the cold wall of a tall building. He __2__ old and thin. The man wasn’t begging(乞讨) for __3__. He was making paper roses. He did it slowly and kept on blowing warm air on his hands because it was so __4__. There were several __5__ in front of him. They were in different sizes and colours.
The grandmother stopped and asked if she could buy a big red rose. The homeless man smiled and said, “For you kind lady, it’s __6__.” But the grandmother opened her handbag and gave the homeless man $5.
As they __7__, the young girl asked her grandmother, “He said he didn’t want money. Why did you __8__ give him $5 He will probably just buy cigarettes(香烟).
The grandmother replied, “Dear child, it may be his nature(本性) to buy cigarettes with the money, but it is my nature to __9__ a man in need.”
Give because it is your nature, not because you want or expect something in __10__.
1. A. saw B. caught C saved D. followed
2. A. got B. kept C. stayed D. looked
3. A. money B. beauty C. greetings D. information
4. A. poor B. dangerous C. dark D. cold
5. A. dollars B. roses C. gifts D. people
6. A. cheap B. free C. small D. useless
7. A. walked away B. gave away C. hung out D. worked out
8. A. also B. ever C. still D. even
9. A. interest B. expect C. help D. teach
10. A. surprise B. person C. addition D. return
二、阅读（满分40分）
第一节 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和 D项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Once there was a little boy who lived in an orphanage(孤儿院). He had always wished that he could fly like a bird.
There was another little boy who was crippled(跛的). He had always wished that he could walk and run like other little boys and girls.
One day the little orphan boy ran away from the orphanage. He came to a park where he saw the little crippled boy playing in a sandbox. He ran over to the little crippled boy and asked him if he had ever wanted to fly like a bird.
“No,” said the little crippled boy. “But I have wondered what it would be like to walk and run like other boys and girls.”
“That is very sad,” said the little orphan boy. “Do you think we could be friends ”
“Sure,” said the little crippled boy.
The two little boys played for hours and they had a great time together. Then the little orphan boy said to his new friend. “You are my only friend and I wish that I could do something to make you walk and run like others. But I can’t. But there is something that I can do for you.”
The little orphan boy told his new friend to get onto his back. He then began to run across the grass. He ran faster and faster, carrying the little crippled boy on his back.
The little crippled boy’s father began to shed tears as he watched his son flapping(挥动) his arms up and down in the wind and shouting, “I’m flying, Daddy. I’m flying!”
11. The little orphan boy wished that he could ________.
A. help others B. have a home C. have a friend D. fly like a bird
12. The little orphan boy met the little crippled boy
A. in a park B. on a beach C. on the street D. in the orphanage
13. What did the little orphan boy do for the little crippled boy
A. He bought him a gift. B. He helped him find his father.
C. He made a pair of wings for him. D. He carried him on his back and ran.
14. How did the little crippled boy’s father feel when he saw his son flapping his arms up and down
A. Angry B. Touched C. Surprised D. Nervous
15. Which is the best title of the passage
A. How to fly like a bird B. Two little boys friendship
C. A crippled boy and his father D. How to help crippled people walk and run
B
“Volunteering makes you look at the world differently. You see how little things can change a person’s life for the better, which makes everyone a better person.” Mason, a volunteer said.
National Volunteer Week started in 1974 and is held every April. It is a time to thank volunteers for their achievements. It is also a perfect opportunity (机会) to encourage others to take their first step toward becoming a volunteer. Making the decision to take the first step can be the biggest problem, because they often wonder if they will be able to meet the organization’s expectations (期望). Some people fear not knowing anyone else in the group. Not having enough time also prevents some from sharing their abilities.
The following tips can help if you have some of these worries.
★ Start out slowly, don’t add too much pressure. Even a few hours a month can make a big difference in someone’s life.
★ Choose an organization with the same interests and common values.
★ Take part in a training meeting for new volunteers, even if it is not asked.
★ Work with a veteran volunteer. He volunteered a lot. He can help you increase the confidence and completely understand the organization’s expectations.
★ Invite a friend or family member to serve. It is a good experience to volunteer with them.
★ Finally, it is most important to enjoy the volunteer experience and to remember that not all volunteer experiences are perfect. If one experience doesn’t work, don’t give up and you’ll surely find the right opportunity.
Spend some time on volunteer work and you will see great changes in people’s lives. As Mason discovered during his volunteer experience, “…little things can change a person’s life.”
16. Volunteering can help __________________．
A. make a decision B. see the world clearly
C. thank other people D. make person’s life better
17. What could be the reason to stop people taking the first step
A. They don’t have enough time． B. They are prevented by their families.
C. They fear that their abilities are shared． D. They don’t expect to become volunteers.
18. Which of the following can help people take the first step
A. Start out quickly． B. Organize a training meeting.
C. Invite a friend to be with them． D. Join in a group with different values.
19. The underlined word “veteran” in the passage means “__________________.”
A. polite B. humorous C. young D. experienced
20. What is the main idea of the passage
A. To tell people to make changes in their lives.
B. To encourage people to start their volunteering.
C. How to make great achievements in volunteering.
D. How to keep on volunteering whatever happened.
C
Bob Butler lost his legs in 1965 in Vietnam. A year later, he returned to the US and began his life in wheelchair (轮椅). One day, he was working in his yard when he heard a woman calling for help. He began moving towards the woman’s house, but something on the ground stopped his wheelchair going through the back door. So he got out of his wheelchair and started to crawl (爬行).
When Butler got through the back door of the house, he found there was a little girl in the pool. She had no arms and couldn’t swim. Her mother was calling for help crazily. Butler got into the pool and pulled the little girl out of the water. Her face was blue, and she was not breathing.
Butler did CPR (心肺复苏术) on her right away. As Butler continued doing CPR, he talked to the mother.
“Don't worry,” he said. “It'll be OK. I was her arms to get out of the pool. I’m now her lungs. Together we can make it.”
Soon the little girl coughed and began to cry. The mother asked Butler how he knew it would be OK. “I didn't know,” he told her. “But when my legs were blown off (炸掉) in the war, a little girl in Vietnam said to me in broken English, ‘It'll be OK. You will live. I'll be your legs. Together we can make it.’ Her kind words brought hope to me and I wanted to do the same for your little girl.”
21. What did Butler hear when he was working in his yard one day
A. A little girl crying. B. His neighbours arguing.
C. A woman calling for help. D. Someone calling his name.
22. How did Butler get through the woman's back door
A. By bike. B. On foot. C. By crawling. D. By moving his wheelchair.
23. What did Butler find when he got through the back door
A. A little girl lost her legs. B. A little girl was in the pool.
C. The woman was in the pool. D. The woman was saving her kid.
24. What does the underlined word “lungs” mean in Chinese
A. 肺 B. 大脑 C. 肾 D. 肝脏
25. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE
A. Bob Butler returned to the US from Vietnam in 1965.
B. Bob Butler crawled through the back door because his wheelchair was broken.
C. Bob Butler lost his legs in the war in Vietnam.
D. Bob Butler saved the girl because he wanted to be a hero.
第二节 短文填空（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 阅读短文，并从下列方框里的六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯。
A. Manynorthernershavethehabitofstockingup（囤货） onfood, especiallyforthelongwinter.
B. Shopownersevenhelpyoupeel （削皮 ）andcutthem.
C. PeoplefromsouthernChinasaytheyalwaysbuywhattheyneedforjustoneortwomeals.
D. Shopownerswillstillbehappywithyou.
E. Instead, buyingvegetablesandmeatenoughforaweekisusualfornortherners.
F. Differentlivinghabitshavealwaysbeenaninterestingtopicinthecountry.
Chinesedebatehowmuchtobuy
Chinacoverslargeareasandhasagreatpopulation. (26)____________ Recently, anotherdifferencebetweennorthernersandsouthernersbecameahotone：thewaytheyshopatmarkets.
(27)________________
ItisnormalforthemtobuyhalfaChinesecabbage, twopotatoesand 0.25 kilogramsofbeefatatime. However, onemaybelaughedatifhedoesthisinthenorth. (28)________________
Also, youcanbuyaverysmallamountoffruit, suchasasingleappleorpear, eachtimeinthesouth. (29)________________
Buthardlydoshopownersinthenorthoffersuchservice. Andmanyfruitsaresoldinbasketsandboxes.
Thedifferencecouldbedueto(由于) thedifferentclimate. ButthehotandwetweatherinthesouthmakesouthernChinesebuyjustenoughfoodforonemealoroneday, orelsethefoodmaygobad. (30)____________
第三节 信息匹配（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）下面的材料A~F分别介绍了不同机构对志愿者的要求，请根据Henry, Tommy, Li Ming, Ann, John的信息, 帮助他们选择合适的志愿者工作，并将其标号填入题前括号内。
A. Shanghai Children's Hospital is in need of volunteers who can speak foreign languages and like to stay with children.
B. Dalian Government is looking for foreign volunteers who can teach primary students through the Internet.
C. Shenzhen Cuiyuan Middle School calls for foreign languages teachers who have more than 10 years of teaching experiences.
D. Shenzhen Museum is wanting voluntary workers who can guide foreign viewers to appreciate Chinese paintings.
E. Datian Village Primary School invites English graduates to take part in a voluntary activity this summer.
F. Shenzhen Senior High School is in need of a French teacher assistant. The job is to help students practise their oral French.
( ) 31. Henry is an American boy who studies in China. He would like to offer help to kids who are poor in English learning. He wants to be a tutor online.
( ) 32. Tommy is a British boy and he lives in Shenzhen now. He is interested in Chinese paintings. He hopes to be a guide in a museum.
( ) 33. Li Ming is a Chinese boy who just returned from New York. He wants to experience teaching in a countryside.
( ) 34. Ann is a Japanese girl who studies in Shanghai. She dreams of being a doctor and wants to have a close look at Chinese hospitals.
( ) 35. John comes from France but lives in China now. He is willing to be a voluntary worker in a school. He wants to become a teacher one day.
第二部分 非选择题（25分）
三、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案写在答题卡规定的位置上。
My name is Jenny. I have been volunteering for about 16 years.
I decided 36. ______________ (start)volunteering in a hospital after graduation. The volunteers were making a team and chatting, and I thought I’d like to help patients in that way, too. In the chapel(小礼拜堂)，we take turns to do prayers(祈祷)for patients and we each have a room where we go and talk to patients. In 37. ____________ hospital, I often make tea and speak to patients especially 38. _____________ I see the patients who are sitting there on 39. ______________ (they)own or don't have visitors. I go to the chapel every Wednesday afternoon and go to work in the hospital 40. _______________ the second Monday 41. _______________ a month.
There are 42. _________________ many good things about volunteering—meeting a lot of new people and building friendships with them. I feel 43. __________________ (use)now and it's terrific (极好的) to think I am making a difference to somebody. Some people are looking forward to 44. _____________ (see) you the next week. Volunteering is the 45. __________________ (good) thing I've ever done.
四、书面表达（共1小题；满分15分）
你班准备举办英语角的活动，需要先向王校长提出申请，说明有关英语角的细节，并提出你们的申请要求。请写一封80词左右的申请信，要求语言通顺，意思连贯，表达完整。
时间：逢周五放学后。
地点：学校图书馆门前。
原因：学生用英语交流，提高英语水平；便于学生交朋友；等等。
要求：获得许可，张贴活动海报等。
Dear Mr.Wang，
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Class 8
参考答案：
一、1-5 ADADB 6-10 BACCD
二、11-15 DADBB 16-20 DACDB 21-25 CCBAC
26-30 FCEDA 31-35 BDEAF
三、36. to start 37. the 38. when 39. their 40. on
41. in 42. so 43. useful 44. seeing 45. best
四、范文
Dear Mr. Wang,
We are writing to ask for your permission to hold an English Corner activity.
In order to offer our students more activities to practice speaking English, we are going to hold an English Corner on the playground in front of our school library. We think it is better to have the activity on Friday afternoons. After school, students can go to take part in it. In the English Corner, students can not only improve their English, but also make new friends and learn from each other.
Could you please give us permission to have this activity Could we put up a poster on the school notice board Also, we would like to invite some English teachers to join us. Is it OK for us to do that We are really looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Class 8
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" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)Unit 1 Helping those in need Period 6导学案
学生姓名 班级 序号
课题内容 Revision
教材分析 本单元以“帮助有困难的人”为话题，以志愿服务为主线。
学习目标 与 核心素养 语言知识 语法：掌握动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语和目的状语 词汇和短语
语言技能 读：阅读三篇学生撰写的关于自己在假期参与的志愿服务的汇报，了解志愿服务的目的、主要形式、内容及意义。 说：通过小组活动，谈论自己打算参与的志愿服务活动。 听：听一段有关募集善款活动的广播采访录音，巩固提取和记录关键信息的听力技能。 写：以“头脑风暴”的方式，讨论筹款活动的形式，然后根据问题，确定信件的基本内容，最后根据提纲完成一封请求校长批准筹款活动的请求信。
情感态度 培养奉献精神和社会责任感。
学习重点 词汇、语法
学习难点 阅读技巧与写作
重要词汇：
1. 筹募；增加；提高(v.) _____________ 2. 准许；批准(n.)_____________
3. 丧失能力的；有残疾的(adj.) _____________ 4. 青少年(n.) _____________
5. 主动提出(v.) _____________ 6. (因疾病等)受苦；受折磨(v.) _____________
7. 严重的(adj.) _____________ 8. (某种)病(n.) _____________
9. 组织；筹备(v.) _____________ 10. 表达；表露(v.) _____________
11. 痛苦；苦恼(n.) _____________ 12. 孤独的；寂寞的(adj.)_____________
13. 友情；友谊(n.) _____________ 14. 困难；费劲(n.) _____________
15. 愉快；喜悦(n.) _____________ 16. 平静；宁静(n.) _____________
17. (使)疼痛；受伤(v.) _____________ 18. 勇气；勇敢(n.) _____________
19. 情绪；心境(n.) _____________ 20. 付费(v.) _____________
重要词组：
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
1. 需要帮助的 _____________ 2. 义务性工作 ________________
3. 报请批准 ________________ 4. 因……受苦；受折磨 _______________
5. 拍照 _______________ 6. 在(某方面)有困难…… _____________________
7. 使振奋；使鼓起勇气 ____________________ 8. 目的在于；为了 _________________
典型句子：
1. 在学校放假期间，三个青少年主动提出做一些义务性工作。(voluntary work)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2. 那里的孩子们都受到了严重疾病的折磨。(suffer from)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3. 我遇到了一个名叫辛迪的女孩。(called)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4. 我们教他们讲故事。(teach sb. to do sth.)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5. 这样能够帮助他们表达他们的情感。(express one's feeling)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6. 她的父母在一场车祸中丧生，她非常伤心和孤独。(lonely)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
7. 我教他们唱歌，因为音乐能带给他们快乐和平静。(bring; peace)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
8. 我们需要帮助像蒂姆一样的孩子，使他们振奋起来。(raise one's spirits) _____________________________________________________________________________________
重要知识点：
重点词汇
1. raise v. 筹集；提升；增加；养育
We held this activity to raise money for the homeless. 我们举办这个活动来给无家可归的人筹集资金。
I raised my head and saw a beautiful teacher. 我抬起头来看到一个美丽的老师。
They raised their offer to 500 dollars. 他们出价抬高到500美元。
I was raised in the countryside. 我是在乡下长大的。
【搭配】
raise one’s voice 提高嗓门 raise a family 养家糊口
raise money 筹款 raise price 提高价格
raise one’s spirits 打起精神 raise cattle养牛
raise the desk up举起桌子
【辨析】 raise 和 rise
三单 过去式 过去分词 现在分词
raise raises raised raised raising
rise rises rose risen rising
这两个词都有 “提高，上升，增加” 的意思，但其用法不同。raise是及物动词，其主语通常是人，后面接宾语; 而rise是不及物动词，其主语通常是物，后面不接宾语。
How can we raise standards in schools 我们怎样才能提高学校的水平？
Smoke was rising from the chimney. 烟囱之上，炊烟袅袅。
raise和rise用于同一事物时含义不同。
The price of vegetables has been raised during the snowy days. 菜价在大雪天被提高了。（强调人为因素）
The price of vegetables is always rising nowadays. 现今菜价总是在不断上升。（强调客观情况）
【对点专练】
( ) (1) I __________ my hand up, but the teacher paid no attention to me.
A. raised B. rose C. rises
( ) (2) The sun __________ from the east, and falls from the west.
A. is rising B. rises C. raises
2. permission n. 批准；准许
Without my parents’ permission, I don’t dare to go out at night. 没有父母的允许，我不敢晚上出去。
【拓展】permit v. 允许
第三人称单数：permits 过去式：permitted
过去分词：permitted 现在分词：permitting
permit后直接跟名词形式，或者sb. to do。
Swimming is not permitted here. 这里不许游泳。
Please permit me to explain. 请允许我解释。
We don’t permit smoking in the office.办公室内不许吸烟。
【对点专练】
(1) Without the government’s___________(permit), the Japanese wouldn’t attack our country.
(2) The headmaster ______________ (permit) us to have the graduation party.
3. disabled adj. 丧失能力的；有残疾的
Because of a traffic accident, Linda became disabled. 由于一场交通事故，琳达变成了残废。
（1）disable v. 使失去能力；使残疾
Though the illness disabled him, Shi Tiesheng still kept on writing. 尽管疾病使他残疾，史铁生仍然坚持写作。
（2）disability n. （身体或智力上的）缺陷；残疾
Helen’s disability never stopped her from learning. 海伦的残疾从没阻止她学习。
【对点专练】
(1) I sometimes go to the hospital and help the ___________ (disable) children.
(2) His ____________ (disable) will never stop him from making his dreams come true.
4. offer v. 主动提出，自愿给予
Tom offered to help me with my English. 汤姆主动提出教我英语。
【搭配】offer sb. sth. 为某人提供某物
My school has offered the headmaster a big house. 学校给校长提供一套大房子。
【辨析】provide 和 offer
provide 用于表示无主动慷慨之意地为人或物提供需要或有用的东西，仅仅是出于某种责任，强调提供必需或有用的东西，尤其是生活用品。常用于provide sb. with sth. 或 provide sth. for sb.的固定搭配中。
offer 表示主动提供服务、工作等。常用于offer sb. sth.或offer sth. to sb.的固定搭配。
例如：offer help to sb. 主动提出帮助某人；offer sb. a good salary 给某人不错的薪水。
Jack offered to wash the dishes. Jack主动要求洗碗。
The waiter offered me a glass of milk. = The waiter offered a glass of milk to me. 服务员端给我一杯牛奶。
【对点专练】
(1) She not only __________ (offer) me some useful advice, but also lent me her notebook.
(2) I offered ____________ (help) the poor boy, but he refused and left alone.
5. illness n.（某种）病
What made him worried is not the illness, but his family’s attitude towards him. 使他担忧的不是他的疾病，而是他家人对他的态度。
【同根词】ill adj. 有病的 比较级：worse 最高级：worst
At last, he fell ill. 最后他生病了。
Her father was badly ill in hospital. 她父亲病重住院。
【辨析】ill 和 sick
ill 和sick都有 “生病的；有病的” 之意，但用法并不完全相同。
ill 表示 “生病的；有病的” 这一意思时，一般用作表语，不能作定语；而sick既可以作表语又可以作定语，如 “病人” 可以说a sick man 或the sick, 但不能说an ill man 或the ill。
She is ill/sick in bed. 她卧病在床。
She promised to look after her sick husband. 她答应照顾她生病的丈夫。
sick 还可以意为 “恶心的；想呕吐的；厌倦的”。
I feel sick when I see the rubbish. 当我看到垃圾时，我觉得很恶心。
ill 作定语修饰名词时，意为“坏的；邪恶的”。
An ill man will never have a good ending. 恶有恶报。
【对点专练】
(1) 我爷爷生病后，我叔叔很少去看他。
After my grandpa felt ___________, my uncle seldom visited him.
(2) 那个生病的小男孩说他绝不会放弃与病魔作斗争。
The ___________ boy said he would never give up fighting against the illness.
6. organize v. 组织
It is difficult for me to organize the English activities alone. 我独自一人去组织英语活动是很困难的。
【同根词】organ n. 器官 organization n. 组织；机构；团体
Our body is made up of different organs. 我们的身体是由不同的器官组成。
What is short for the World Health Organization 世界卫生组织的缩写是什么？
【对点专练】
(1) 为了组织这场竞赛，许多员工废寝忘食地工作。
To __________ this competition, many staff worked without stopping to eat and sleep.
(2) 在一个团体当中，团队合作非常重要。
What matters a lot in an ___________ is teamwork.
7. express v. 表达；表露
Teenagers always find it difficult to express their love to parents. 青少年总是觉得难以表达他们对父母的爱。
【同根词】expression n. 表现；表示；表达；表情
Her expression suggested that she was very angry. 她的表情暗示她很生气。
【对点专练】
(1)我们的脸部表情是肢体语言的一部分。
Our facial ___________is a part of body language.
(2) 妈妈，言语永远无法表达我有多爱你。
Words can never ___________ how much I love you, mother.
8. lonely adj. 孤独的；寂寞的；荒凉的 比较级：lonelier 最高级：loneliest
【同根词】loneliness n. 孤独；寂寞
If you feel lonely, you can find a course to learn. 如果你觉得寂寞，你可以找个课程去学习。
Robinson finally landed on a lonely island. 罗宾逊最后降落在一个孤岛上。
【辨析】lonely 和 alone
alone 为形容词，意为 “单独的”，只作表语，不能作定语。侧重说明独自一人，没有助手或同伴，没有感彩，只表示客观的状态。alone还可以作副词，意为“单独；独自”。
lonely 意为 “孤独的”，表示主观上感到孤独、寂寞，有较浓的感彩，指因缺少朋友、同情、友谊等产生的一种悲伤和忧郁的感情。它为形容词，在句中作表语或定语。作定语时，意为“荒凉；偏僻”，多修饰表示地点的名词。
I always do the housework alone. = I always do the housework by myself. 我总是一个人做家务活。
The old man lives in a lonely town. He lives alone but he doesn’t feel lonely. 这位老人住在偏僻的镇上。他独自一人住着，但他并不感到孤独。
【对点专练】
(1) 独居的人有时会太懒了以至于不想出去。
Those who live ____________ are sometimes too lazy to go out.
(2) 没有朋友，我会感到孤独的。
I will feel __________ without friends.
9. friendship n. 友情；友谊
Friendship is one of the most important things in my life. 友谊是我生命中最重要的东西之一。
【同根词】friend n. 朋友 复数：friends
A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。
【同根词】friendly adj. 友好的
比较级：friendlier 最高级：friendliest
Miss Yang is always friendly to every student. 杨老师总是对每个同学都很友好。
【对点专练】
(1) 真正的友谊永不消逝。
True ___________ never fades away.
(2) 你越友好，就会有越多的朋友。The _________ you are, the more ___________ you will have.
(3) 互联网让我们很容易和全世界的人们交朋友。
The Internet makes it easy for us to make _________ with people all over the world.
10. difficulty n. 困难；费劲 复数：difficulties
Jack sometimes has difficulty in walking. 杰克有时会走路困难。
The difficulties I have had made me stronger. 我所受的苦难使我更坚强。
【同根词】difficult adj.（= hard to do）困难的
It is difficult to learn English well. 要学好英语很难。
【搭配】have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 in difficulty/difficulties 处境困难
My parents once had difficulties in understanding what was in my mind. 我的父母曾经难以理解我的想法。
If you are in difficulties, please keep on trying and never give up. 如果你处于困境之中，请坚持尝试并且不要放弃。
【对点专练】
(1) 我妈妈毫不费力地解决了所有的问题。My mother solved all the problems without _________ .
(2) 找工作越来越难了。It is getting more and more ________ to find a job.
11. joy n. 愉快；喜悦
The success of the career can always bring him joy and fun. 事业的成功总可以给他带来喜悦和乐趣。
Hearing the news, Joyce jumped with joy. 听到这消息，乔伊斯高兴地跳起来。
【同根词】 joyful adj. 快乐的；高兴的；令人开心的；
All I wish is that you can have a joyful life forever. 我只希望你可以永远开心。
【搭配】to one’s joy 令人高兴的是，使某人高兴的是 feel/experience joy 感到欢乐
To his joy, his boss agreed to raise his salary. 让他高兴的是老板同意给他加薪。
【对点专练】
(1) 让她高兴的是她最终找到了她失踪的儿子。
To her_________, she finally found her lost son.
(2) 因为昨天在舞蹈比赛中获得一等奖，所以我很开心。
I felt ___________, because I won the first prize in the dancing competition yesterday.
12. peace n. 平静；宁静
You can enjoy the natural beauty and peace in this garden. 在这个花园里你可以享受大自然的美丽和宁静。
the Nobel Peace Prize 诺贝尔和平奖
【同根词】peaceful adj. 和平的；爱好和平的；安静的；
I think we can solve the problem in a peaceful way. 我想我们可以用和平的方式来解决这个问题。
【对点专练】
(1) 风暴之后，湖面再次变得平静。After the storm, the lake became _________ again.
(2) 愿战争中的死难者安息。May those who died in the war rest in _________.
13. hurt v. 使疼痛；受伤（hurt; hurt）
Tim hurt his legs in an accident, but he has lots of courage. 蒂姆在一次事故中伤了腿，但他很勇敢。
He is afraid of hurting Betty’s feelings. 他怕伤害了贝蒂的感情。
hurt adj. 受伤的；痛苦的
They did not seem to be badly hurt. 他们看起来没有受重伤。
【搭配】hurt oneself 受伤
Tom seriously hurt himself while trying to escape from the police. 汤姆试图从警察手中逃脱时受了重伤。
【对点专练】
(1) 你伤着自己了吗？Have you ________ yourself
(2) 大楼失火了，但幸好没有伤着人。
There was a fire in the building, but luckily no one was _________.
14. courage n. 勇气；勇敢
I didn’t have the courage to admit my failure. 我没有勇气承认自己的失败。
【同根词】 encourage v. 鼓励；鼓舞；支持；促进；鼓动
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
My father always encourages me to speak English. 我爸爸总是鼓励我说英语。
【搭配】take one’s courage in both hands 鼓起勇气去做；敢作敢为
Taking his courage in both hands, he asked whether Mary would like to dance with him. 他壮着胆，问玛丽是否愿意和他跳舞。
【对点专练】
(1) 勇气是我们战胜困难最重要的东西。
The _________ is the most important thing for us to go through the difficulties.
(2)如果我能多鼓励我的学生，那么他们很可能就会更自信。
If I can ___________ my students more, they will probably be more confident.
15. pay v. 付款；偿还 (paid; paid) n. 工资；薪水
I will pay 100 pounds for the shoes. 我会花一百英镑来买这双鞋子。
He paid off all the debts at one time.他一次还清了所有债务。
As a teacher, you will always find your pay doesn’t match your work. 作为一个老师，你会发现你的薪水和你的工作不对等。
【搭配】pay off 偿清（债务）
pay attention to 注意 pay the money back还钱
pay a visit to 去参观，拜访 pay for 为……付款
【辨析】spend, take, cost和pay的用法区别
(1) spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：
① spend time/money on sth. 在……上花费时间/金钱
I spend eight hours on study every day. 我每天花八个小时学习。
② spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事
Daisy spent eight years (in) building this church. 黛西花了八年的时间来建这座教堂。
(2) take 后面常跟双宾语，常见用法有：
It takes/took sb.＋时间/金钱＋to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间/金钱
It took him three years to finish his further study in the UK. 他花了三年的时间才完成在英国的深造。
It took me 10 yuan to buy this book. 我花了十元买这本书。
(3) cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示 “值”，常见用法：sth. cost/costs (sb.) money 某物花了（某人）多少钱
My brother’s new toys cost me a lot of pocket money. 我弟弟的新玩具花了我很多零花钱。
注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost，并且不能用于被动句。
(4) pay的基本用法如下：pay(sb.) money for sth. 付钱（给某人）买某物
You need to pay me 200 yuan for the basketball. 你买这个篮球要付我200元。
【对点专练】
(1) 我们花了四天的时间才到达那里。It _____us four days to get there.
(2) 这顿饭花了我丈夫1000元。This meal _____ my husband 1000 yuan.
(3) 我姐姐花了八百元买这件新大衣。My elder sister _______ 800 yuan for the new coat.
(4) 我花了一个星期教我的学生比较级的用法。
I _________ a week teaching my students the use of comparatives.
重点句子
1. Three teenagers offered to do some voluntary work during the school holidays. 三名青少年主动提出在学校假期期间去做义工。
offer to do sth.（主动）提出做某事
【对点专练】
(1) 吉米主动提出送我去医院。Jimmy _______ _______ ______ me to the hospital.
(2) 我们越主动帮助身边的人，我们就会有更美好的世界。______________________________________, the better world we will have.
2. The children there all suffer from serious illnesses. 那里的孩子们都遭受着严重疾病的折磨。
suffer from 因……受苦；受折磨
【对点专练】
(1) 在非洲许多人都是在忍饥挨饿。Many people _______ _______ the hunger in Africa.
(2) 为了不再受病魔折磨，他决定自杀。
In order _______ ________ _______from the illnesses, he decided to end his life with a gun.
3. My mother and I will continue to visit Vivien. 我和妈妈将继续去看望Vivien。
continue to do sth. 继续做某事
【对点专练】
(1) 葬礼之后，他一脸倦容地继续工作。
After the funeral, he continued _______ _______with a tired face.
(2) 为了继续他的研究，他在课余时间做了很多实验。
_______ ________ his study, he has done a lot of experiments in his spare time.
4. Disabled children have difficulty walking and moving. 残疾儿童行动有困难。
have difficulty（in）doing sth. 做某事有困难
【对点专练】
(1) If you have any difficulty in __________ (learn) English, you can ask me for help.
(2) After so many _____________ (difficulty), I finally understood how important family meant to me.
5. I taught them to sing because music can bring them joy and peace. 我教他们唱歌，因为音乐能带给他们喜悦与宁静。
teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事
【对点专练】
(1) 老师教我们怎样学好英语。
The teacher taught us how ____ _____ English well.
(2) 我的父母总教我要待人友善。
My parents always teach me ______ _______friendly to others.
6. We need to help children like Tim and raise their spirits. 我们需要帮助像蒂姆一样的孩子，使他们鼓起勇气。
need to do sth. 需要做某事
【对点专练】
(1) 你所需要做的就是告诉我真相。
All you ______ ____ _____ is to tell me the truth.
(2) There is no need ____________ (argue) with your boss, because he cannot understand your creative ideas.
语法复习
动词不定式
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其构成形式为“to+动词原形”。它在句子中不能独立作谓语，但可以作句子的宾语、宾语补足语、状语等。
动词不定式常在以下动词（短语）的后面作宾语 ：agree，arrange，decide，hope，plan，refuse，want，wish，would like 等，如：
1. My mother and I will continue to visit Vivien.
2. I hope to see you again soon.
另外，“疑问词+动词不定式”也可以作宾语，如：I don’t know where to go.
动词不定式常在以下动词（短语）的宾语后面作宾语补足语：ask，want，help，order，expect，tell，teach，need，wait for等，如：We taught them to tell stories.
动词不定式作目的状语，如：Every Saturday, he goes there to look after the patients.
为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时，常用短语in order to，如：We learn a language in order to communicate.
注：动词不定式在let，make，have 等使役动词后作宾语补足语时，要省略to。例如：
1). I will let him go with us. 我会让他跟我们一起去。
2). I made her cry. 我把她弄哭了。
写作复习
假设你是学生会主席苏明，你校师生想在校内举办书展，为开展环保宣传活动筹集资金。请你根据以下内容提示，给王校长写一封信，征得他的同意。80个词左右。
要点：
1. 活动原因：全校师生打算在超市附近举办环保宣传晚会，但是资金不足；
2. 活动内容：举办一次书展，筹集资金；
3. 时间和地点：下周三下午4点整，学校操场；
4. 参加人员：全校师生。
【写作指导】
此篇作文以筹集宣传活动资金为主线，主要内容是筹款的目的及方式。写作内容渗透着本单元的话题和语言目标——如何帮助有需要的人。
在写作过程中要明确以下几点：
1. 人称：使用第一人称；
2. 时态：使用正确的时态——一般现在时态和一般将来时态；
3. 内容：把题目中所给的提示内容组句成文，不要遗漏要点。
【小练笔】
Dear Mr Wang,
I am writing to ________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Su Ming
【范文】
Dear Mr Wang,
I am writing to ask for your permission to hold a book fair at our school. We plan to have a party near the supermarket to ask people to protect the environment. However, we are short of money. So we are going to hold a book fair to raise some money. We would like to begin this activity at 4:00 p.m. next Wednesday on the playground. At that time, all the students and teachers at our school will take part in it.
Could you please give us the permission We are looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Su Ming
一、语法专项练习。
Mr. Grey was the manager of a small office in London. He lived in the country, and came up to work __1.___________ train. He liked walking from the station to his office __2.____________ it was raining, because it gave __3.______________ some exercise.
One morning he was walking along the street __4.______________ a stranger stopped him and said to him, “You may not remember me, sir, __5._____________ seven years ago I came to London without a penny in my pockets. I __6.______________ (stop) you in this street and asked you __7._____________ (lend) me some money and you lent me 5, because you said you were willing to take a chance so as to give a man a start on the way __8.___________success.”
Mr. Grey thought for __9._______________ few minutes and then said, “Yes, I remember you. Go on with your story!” “Well, __10.______________(answer) the stranger, “are you still willing to take a chance ”
二、完形填空
If you are given only 1 yuan, can you live in a city for one day It may be a little difficult. But the __1__ from Xi'an did it.
On 10 April, more than 60 students from a middle school __2__the One Yuan Metropolis(大都市) Survival. The charity for teenagers called Imperceptible(无法察觉的) Education held this __3__. Students not only had to live, but also had to deal with a lot of __4__tasks.
To __5__, many students looked for part-time jobs and saw how hard life was. Some made use of their talents by singing and dancing in __6__ or shopping malls.
Living was hard, __7__finishing the tasks was not any easier. They went to different places to finish tasks in a __8__ time. “We learnt __9__ to persuade (说服) others. From a balloon to a cake to a bottle of yogurt … after almost 20 tries, we got an expensive necklace (项链),” Zhao Jiacheng said. “We would __10__ all of the money we had raised to poor schools in Tibet.”
( )1. A. teachers B. students C. workers D. parents
( )2. A. took a look at B. took care of C. took part in D. took pride in
( )3. A. activity B. party C. celebration D. graduation
( )4. A. easy B. hard C. perfect D. interesting
( )5. A. make trouble B. make music C. make toys D. make money
( )6. A. parks B. restaurants C. hotels D. bedrooms
( )7. A. or B. if C. but D. however
( )8. A. long B. short C. right D. wrong
( )9. A. where B. why C. when D. how
( )10. A. bring B. afford C. give D. throw
三、阅读
A
Smile Train is a charity (慈善团体) that helps millions of children around the world, who suffer from a facial defect (缺陷). The defect happens when a baby’s top lip or mouth doesn’t form properly before birth. Eating and drinking is very difficult for these babies. The charity provides free operations, which give these children a new smile, and with it, new hope and a new beginning.
Children with the defect need all the help. Although many sufferers are accepted by their family, sadly, others are not. In some countries, children with this defect are often abandoned at birth because their parents feel ashamed of them or cannot afford the operations. The good news is that the operation is not difficult. It takes less than an hour and costs the family nothing. The charity raises money and finds the right medical volunteers to perform the operations.
A Smile Train doctor from the UK said, “Each child who has the operation is given a second chance at life. After years of staying at home, the children can finally go to school and be happy. Every year I perform hundreds of operations free of cost through Smile Train. Some of the stories I have heard are quite surprising. One newborn baby girl was found abandoned on a train. Luckily for her, she was found and adopted (收养) by a passenger. This lady then heard about Smile Train and brought the baby to our hospital. I did the operation and gave hope to the family. Experienced doctors like me share our skills with local doctors. In this way we make sure that these operations will always be available.”
( )1. What does the charity Smile Train usually do
A. It provides food and medical care for poor children.
B. It raises money for all the doctors working in the UK.
C. It offers free medical help to children with the facial defect.
D. It gives children without parents new hope and a new beginning.
( )2. What is the closest meaning of the underlined word “abandoned” in Paragraph 2
A. Given up. B. Dressed up. C. Called up. D. Brought up.
( )3. What did the doctor from the UK think of his voluntary work
A. Dangerous. B. Surprising. C. Relaxing. D. Valuable.
( )4. What can be inferred from the passage
A. Children with the facial defect are becoming more ashamed than before.
B. More doctors are trained to help children with the facial defect.
C. Fewer baby boys with the facial defect are operated on than girls.
D. Doctors in Smile Train are always well paid for doing the operations.
( )5. What’s the best title of the passage
A. A charity named Smile Train B. Smile Train wants doctors
C. All the children need help from Smile Train D. Never give up
B
A. Some money went missing from the bank. B. He went to New York and went on writing since then. C. His real name was William Sydney Porter. D. since his stories always meet the readers' expectations. E. There he tried different jobs. F. because almost all of them finished with a sudden change.
O. Henry a famous American writer of short stories, was born in North Carolina in 1862. O. Henry was a pen name. __1._______ When he was a young boy, he did not go to school for long because of being born in a poor family, but he tried to teach himself everything he needed to know.
When he was about 20 years old, O. Henry went to Texas. __2________ He first worked on a newspaper, and then had a job in a bank. But he got himself into some trouble.__3________ O. Henry was believed to have stolen it, so he was sent to prison. During the three years in prison, he learned to write short stories. Then he got out of prison. __4_________
He wrote mostly about New York and the life of the poor there. People liked his stories, __5________ This made the readers surprised.
四、信息匹配
A. Get out. Some experts say that we usually feel bored or sad because we get less sunlight in winter than we do in other seasons. Getting more sunlight each day can help you feel better.
B. To keep healthy, you can do some exercise. If you don't like doing sports outside, you can do some sports at home. The best way is that you had better receive the flu vaccine (流感疫苗)．
C. Eat healthily. Avoid eating too much. If you get hungry easily, you can have more small meals rather than a larger one, and you can eat more fruit and vegetables.
D. Let your stress go. Cut back if you have too many things to do. Make sure you have some quiet time to yourself. Don't be so busy, or you may do anything wrong.
E. Get enough sleep. If you don't have enough sleep, you will not think clearly. So from now on, you need to have a good sleeping habit and go to bed earlier.
F. Relax yourself. The more excited or nervous you are before you sleep, the more bad dreams you will have. Do something relaxing to make sure your brain is peaceful, such as reading and listening to music.
( ) (1) I always feel stressed in winter.I have so many things to do but the evening arrives quickly.I'm always worried I can't finish the work every day. —Linda
( ) (2) It's strange that in winter people often get hungry easily.I often eat more and put on weight in winter.The colder it is,the hungrier I feel.—John
( ) (3) The flu is usually serious in winter.Many people around me have flu.I'm so afraid of catching flu.Sometimes I never get in touch with anyone that has flu.—Li Hua
( ) (4) In winter,I always feel sad for no reason.I don't have interest in doing anything when it is grey.How could I change the bad feeling？—Sam
( ) (5) I have trouble sleeping in winter.I often have many dreams.Sometimes there are several bad dreams at one night.I even fear to sleep at night.— Lily
五、书面表达
假设上周末你们班开展了“Helping unattended children (留守儿童)”的活动，请根据以下内容提示，写一篇报道,并谈谈你的感受。
要点：
1. 周六教孩子们学习英语和唱英文歌；
2. 周日带孩子们去欢乐谷和大梅沙游玩；
3. 捐赠书籍和衣服，帮助更多的孩子。
提示词：欢乐谷Happy Valley 大梅沙Dameisha 捐赠书籍和衣服raise books and clothes
要求：1. 80个词左右。标题和开头已给出，不计入总词数内；
2. 必须包括以上全部要点，可以适当发挥；
3. 文中不得出现真实姓名和校名；
4. 条理清楚，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范。
Helping unattended children
Last weekend, our school held an activity to help those unattended children.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
课堂同步：
重要词汇：
1. raise 2. permission 3. disabled 4. teenager
5. offer 6. suffer 7. serious 8. illness
9. organize 10. express 11. pain 12. lonely
13. friendship 14. difficulty 15. joy 16. peace
17. hurt 18. courage 19. spirits 20. pay
重要词组：
1. in need 2. voluntary work 3. ask permission 4. suffer from
5. take photos 6. have difficulty in… 7. raise one’s spirits 8. in order to
典型句子：
1. Three teenagers offered to do some voluntary work during the school holidays.
2. The children there all suffer from serious illnesses.
3. I met a girl called Cindy.
4. We taught them to tell stories.
5. This helps them express their feelings.
6. Her parents died in a car accident, and she is unhappy and very lonely.
7. I taught them to sing because music can bring them joy and peace.
8. We need to help children like Tim and raise their spirits.
重要知识点：
重点词汇：
1. AB
2. permission, permitted
3. disabled, disability
4. offered, to help
5. ill/sick, sick
6. organize, organization
7. expression, express
8. alone, lonely
9. friendship, friendlier, friends, friends
10. difficulty, difficult
11. joy, joyful/joy
12. peaceful, peace
13. hurt, hurt
14. courage, encourage
15. took, cost, paid, spent
重点句子
1. offered to send, The more we offer to help people around us
2. suffer from; not to suffer
3. to work; To continue
4. learning; difficulties
5. to learn; to be
6. need to do; to argue
课后训练：
一、 1. by 2. unless 3. him 4. when 5. but 6. stopped 7. to lend
8. to[来源:学9. a 10. answered
二、1-5 BCABD 6-10 ACBDC
三、A：CADBA B：CEABF
四、DCBAF
五、参考例文。
All of us took part in the activity.
On Saturday, we taught the children to learn English and sing English songs. They studied very hard. On Sunday, we took those children to visit some places of interest in Shenzhen. In the morning, we went to Happy Valley. They were very excited because they played many exciting games. In the afternoon, we went to Dameisha together. It was their first time to see the sea. They played happily on the beach and we all had a good day.
Besides, we also raised books and clothes to help more children. I think if everyone gives a little love, our world will be more and more beautiful.(共76张PPT)
Unit 1 Helping those in need
复习课件
牛津深圳版（广州·沈阳通用）
八年级下
重要词汇
1. 筹募；增加；提高(v.) _____________
2. 准许；批准(n.)_____________
3. 丧失能力的；有残疾的(adj.) _____________
4. 青少年(n.) _____________
5. 主动提出(v.) _____________
6. (因疾病等)受苦；受折磨(v.) _____________
raise
permission
disabled
teenager
offer
suffer
7. 严重的(adj.) _____________
8. (某种)病(n.) _____________
9. 组织；筹备(v.) _____________
10. 表达；表露(v.) _____________
11. 痛苦；苦恼(n.) _____________
12. 孤独的；寂寞的(adj.)_____________
13. 友情；友谊(n.) _____________
14. 困难；费劲(n.) _____________
serious
illness
organize
express
pain
lonely
friendship
difficulty
重要词汇
15. 愉快；喜悦(n.) _____________
16. 平静；宁静(n.) _____________
17. (使)疼痛；受伤(v.) _____________
18. 勇气；勇敢(n.) _____________
19. 情绪；心境(n.) _____________
20. 付费(v.) _____________
joy
peace
hurt
courage
spirits
pay
重要词汇
重要词组
1. 需要帮助的 _____________
2. 义务性工作 ________________
3. 报请批准 ________________
4. 因……受苦；受折磨 _______________
5. 拍照 _______________
6. 在(某方面)有困难…… _______________________
7. 使振奋；使鼓起勇气 ____________________
8. 目的在于；为了 _________________
in need
voluntary work
ask permission
suffer from
take photos
have difficulty (in) …
raise one's spirits
in order to
重要句型
1. 在学校放假期间，三个青少年主动提出做一些义务性工作。(voluntary work)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. 那里的孩子们都受到了严重疾病的折磨。(suffer from)
_________________________________________________
Three teenagers offered to do some voluntary work during the school holidays.
The children there all suffer from serious illnesses.
3. 我遇到了一个名叫辛迪的女孩。(called)
____________________________________________________4. 我们教他们讲故事。(teach sb. to do sth.)
____________________________________________________
5. 这样能够帮助他们表达他们的情感。(express one's feeling)
____________________________________________________
6. 她的父母在一场车祸中丧生，她非常伤心和孤独。(lonely)
____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
I met a girl called Cindy.
We taught them to tell stories.
This helps them express their feelings.
Her parents died in a car accident, and she is unhappy and very lonely.
重要句型
7. 我教他们唱歌，因为音乐能带给他们快乐和平静。(bring; peace)
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
8. 我们需要帮助像蒂姆一样的孩子，使他们振奋起来。(raise one's spirits)
_________________________________________________
I taught them to sing because music can bring them joy and peace.
We need to help children like Tim and raise their spirits.
重要句型
重要知识点
重点词汇
1. raise v. 筹集；提升；增加；养育
We held this activity to raise money for the homeless. 我们举办这个活动来给无家可归的人筹集资金。
I raised my head and saw a beautiful teacher. 我抬起头来看到一个美丽的老师。
They raised their offer to 500 dollars. 他们出价抬高到500美元。
I was raised in the countryside. 我是在乡下长大的。
【搭配】
raise one’s voice 提高嗓门 raise a family 养家糊口
raise money 筹款 raise price 提高价格
raise one’s spirits 打起精神 raise cattle养牛
raise the desk up举起桌子
三单 过去式 过去分词 现在分词
raise raises raised raised raising
rise rises rose risen rising
【辨析】 raise 和 rise
这两个词都有 “提高，上升，增加” 的意思，但其用法不同。raise是及物动词，其主语通常是人，后面接宾语; 而rise是不及物动词，其主语通常是物，后面不接宾语。
How can we raise standards in schools
我们怎样才能提高学校的水平？
Smoke was rising from the chimney.
烟囱之上，炊烟袅袅。
raise和rise用于同一事物时含义不同。
The price of vegetables has been raised during the snowy days. 菜价在大雪天被提高了。（强调人为因素）
The price of vegetables is always rising nowadays. 现今菜价总是在不断上升。（强调客观情况）
【对点专练】
( ) (1) I __________ my hand up, but the teacher paid no attention to me.
A. raised B. rose C. rises
( ) (2) The sun __________ from the east, and falls from the west.
A. is rising B. rises C. raises
A
B
2. permission n. 批准；准许
Without my parents’ permission, I don’t dare to go out at night. 没有父母的允许，我不敢晚上出去。
【拓展】permit v. 允许
第三人称单数：permits 过去式：permitted
过去分词：permitted 现在分词：permitting
permit后直接跟名词形式，或者sb. to do。
Swimming is not permitted here. 这里不许游泳。
Please permit me to explain. 请允许我解释。
We don’t permit smoking in the office.办公室内不许吸烟。
【对点专练】
(1) Without the government’s___________(permit), the Japanese wouldn’t attack our country.
(2) The headmaster ______________ (permit) us to have the graduation party.
permission
permitted
3. disabled adj. 丧失能力的；有残疾的
Because of a traffic accident, Linda became disabled. 由于一场交通事故，琳达变成了残废。
（1）disable v. 使失去能力；使残疾
Though the illness disabled him, Shi Tiesheng still kept on writing. 尽管疾病使他残疾，史铁生仍然坚持写作。
（2）disability n. （身体或智力上的）缺陷；残疾
Helen’s disability never stopped her from learning. 海伦的残疾从没阻止她学习。
【对点专练】
(1) I sometimes go to the hospital and help the ___________ (disable) children.
(2) His ____________ (disable) will never stop him from making his dreams come true.
disabled
disability
4. offer v. 主动提出，自愿给予
Tom offered to help me with my English. 汤姆主动提出教我英语。
【搭配】offer sb. sth. 为某人提供某物
My school has offered the headmaster a big house. 学校给校长提供一套大房子。
【辨析】provide 和 offer
provide 用于表示无主动慷慨之意地为人或物提供需要或有用的东西，仅仅是出于某种责任，强调提供必需或有用的东西，尤其是生活用品。常用于provide sb. with sth. 或 provide sth. for sb.的固定搭配中。
offer 表示主动提供服务、工作等。
常用于offer sb. sth.或offer sth. to sb.的固定搭配。
例如：offer help to sb. 主动提出帮助某人；offer sb. a good salary 给某人不错的薪水。
Jack offered to wash the dishes. Jack主动要求洗碗。
The waiter offered me a glass of milk. = The waiter offered a glass of milk to me. 服务员端给我一杯牛奶。
offered
【对点专练】
She not only __________ (offer) me some useful advice, but also lent me her notebook.
(2) I offered ____________ (help) the poor boy, but he refused and left alone.
to help
5. illness n.（某种）病
What made him worried is not the illness, but his family’s attitude towards him. 使他担忧的不是他的疾病，而是他家人对他的态度。
【同根词】ill adj. 有病的 比较级：worse 最高级：worst
At last, he fell ill. 最后他生病了。
Her father was badly ill in hospital. 她父亲病重住院。
【辨析】ill 和 sick
ill 和sick都有 “生病的；有病的” 之意，但用法并不完全相同。
ill 表示 “生病的；有病的” 这一意思时，一般用作表语，不能作定语；而sick既可以作表语又可以作定语，如 “病人” 可以说a sick man 或the sick, 但不能说an ill man 或the ill。
She is ill/sick in bed. 她卧病在床。
She promised to look after her sick husband. 她答应照顾她生病的丈夫。
sick 还可以意为 “恶心的；想呕吐的；厌倦的”。
I feel sick when I see the rubbish.
当我看到垃圾时，我觉得很恶心。
ill 作定语修饰名词时，意为“坏的；邪恶的”。
An ill man will never have a good ending.
恶有恶报。
【对点专练】
(1) 我爷爷生病后，我叔叔很少去看他。After my grandpa felt ___________, my uncle seldom visited him.
(2) 那个生病的小男孩说他绝不会放弃与病魔作斗争。The ___________ boy said he would never give up fighting against the illness.
ill/sick
sick
6. organize v. 组织
It is difficult for me to organize the English activities alone. 我独自一人去组织英语活动是很困难的。
【同根词】organ n. 器官 organization n. 组织；机构；团体
Our body is made up of different organs. 我们的身体是由不同的器官组成。
What is short for the World Health Organization 世界卫生组织的缩写是什么？
【对点专练】
为了组织这场竞赛，许多员工废寝忘食地工作。To __________ this competition, many staff worked without stopping to eat and sleep.
(2) 在一个团体当中，团队合作非常重要。
What matters a lot in an ___________ is teamwork.
organize
organization
7. express v. 表达；表露
Teenagers always find it difficult to express their love to parents. 青少年总是觉得难以表达他们对父母的爱。
【同根词】expression n. 表现；表示；表达；表情
Her expression suggested that she was very angry. 她的表情暗示她很生气。
【对点专练】
(1)我们的脸部表情是肢体语言的一部分。Our facial ___________is a part of body language.
(2) 妈妈，言语永远无法表达我有多爱你。Words can never ___________ how much I love you, mother.
expression
express
8. lonely adj. 孤独的；寂寞的；荒凉的 比较级：lonelier 最高级：loneliest
【同根词】loneliness n. 孤独；寂寞
If you feel lonely, you can find a course to learn. 如果你觉得寂寞，你可以找个课程去学习。
Robinson finally landed on a lonely island. 罗宾逊最后降落在一个孤岛上。
【辨析】lonely 和 alone
alone 为形容词，意为 “单独的”，只作表语，不能作定语。侧重说明独自一人，没有助手或同伴，没有感彩，只表示客观的状态。alone还可以作副词，意为“单独；独自”。
lonely 意为 “孤独的”，表示主观上感到孤独、寂寞，有较浓的感彩，指因缺少朋友、同情、友谊等产生的一种悲伤和忧郁的感情。它为形容词，在句中作表语或定语。作定语时，意为“荒凉；偏僻”，多修饰表示地点的名词。
I always do the housework alone. = I always do the housework by myself. 我总是一个人做家务活。
The old man lives in a lonely town. He lives alone but he doesn’t feel lonely. 这位老人住在偏僻的镇上。他独自一人住着，但他并不感到孤独。
【对点专练】
独居的人有时会太懒了以至于不想出去。Those who live ____________ are sometimes too lazy to go out.
(2) 没有朋友，我会感到孤独的。
I will feel __________ without friends.
alone
lonely
9. friendship n. 友情；友谊
Friendship is one of the most important things in my life. 友谊是我生命中最重要的东西之一。
【同根词】friend n. 朋友 复数：friends
A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。
【同根词】friendly adj. 友好的
比较级：friendlier 最高级：friendliest
Miss Yang is always friendly to every student. 杨老师总是对每个同学都很友好。
【对点专练】
真正的友谊永不消逝。
True ___________ never fades away.
(2) 你越友好，就会有越多的朋友。The _________ you are, the more ___________ you will have.
(3) 互联网让我们很容易和全世界的人们交朋友。
The Internet makes it easy for us to make _________ with people all over the world.
friendship
friendlier
friends
friends
10. difficulty n. 困难；费劲 复数：difficulties
Jack sometimes has difficulty in walking. 杰克有时会走路困难。
The difficulties I have had made me stronger. 我所受的苦难使我更坚强。
【同根词】difficult adj.（= hard to do）困难的
It is difficult to learn English well. 要学好英语很难。
【搭配】have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
in difficulty/difficulties 处境困难
My parents once had difficulties in understanding what was in my mind. 我的父母曾经难以理解我的想法。
If you are in difficulties, please keep on trying and never give up. 如果你处于困境之中，请坚持尝试并且不要放弃。
【对点专练】
我妈妈毫不费力地解决了所有的问题。My mother solved all the problems without _________ .
(2) 找工作越来越难了。It is getting more and more ________ to find a job.
difficulty
difficult
11. joy n. 愉快；喜悦
The success of the career can always bring him joy and fun. 事业的成功总可以给他带来喜悦和乐趣。
Hearing the news, Joyce jumped with joy. 听到这消息，乔伊斯高兴地跳起来。
【同根词】 joyful adj. 快乐的；高兴的；令人开心的；
All I wish is that you can have a joyful life forever. 我只希望你可以永远开心。
【搭配】to one’s joy 令人高兴的是，使某人高兴的是 feel/experience joy 感到欢乐
To his joy, his boss agreed to raise his salary. 让他高兴的是老板同意给他加薪。
【对点专练】
让她高兴的是她最终找到了她失踪的儿子。
To her_________, she finally found her lost son.
(2) 因为昨天在舞蹈比赛中获得一等奖，所以我很开心。I felt ___________, because I won the first prize in the dancing competition yesterday.
joy
joyful/joy
12. peace n. 平静；宁静
You can enjoy the natural beauty and peace in this garden. 在这个花园里你可以享受大自然的美丽和宁静。
the Nobel Peace Prize 诺贝尔和平奖
【同根词】peaceful adj. 和平的；爱好和平的；安静的；
I think we can solve the problem in a peaceful way. 我想我们可以用和平的方式来解决这个问题。
【对点专练】
风暴之后，湖面再次变得平静。After the storm, the lake became _________ again.
(2) 愿战争中的死难者安息。May those who died in the war rest in _________.
peaceful
peace
13. hurt v. 使疼痛；受伤（hurt; hurt）
Tim hurt his legs in an accident, but he has lots of courage. 蒂姆在一次事故中伤了腿，但他很勇敢。
He is afraid of hurting Betty’s feelings. 他怕伤害了贝蒂的感情。
hurt adj. 受伤的；痛苦的
They did not seem to be badly hurt. 他们看起来没有受重伤。
【搭配】hurt oneself 受伤
Tom seriously hurt himself while trying to escape from the police. 汤姆试图从警察手中逃脱时受了重伤。
【对点专练】
你伤着自己了吗？Have you ________ yourself
(2) 大楼失火了，但幸好没有伤着人。There was a fire in the building, but luckily no one was _________.
hurt
hurt
14. courage n. 勇气；勇敢
I didn’t have the courage to admit my failure. 我没有勇气承认自己的失败。
【同根词】encourage v. 鼓励；鼓舞；支持；促进；鼓动
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
My father always encourages me to speak English. 我爸爸总是鼓励我说英语。
【搭配】take one’s courage in both hands 鼓起勇气去做；敢作敢为
Taking his courage in both hands, he asked whether Mary would like to dance with him. 他壮着胆，问玛丽是否愿意和他跳舞。
【对点专练】
勇气是我们战胜困难最重要的东西。The _________ is the most important thing for us to go through the difficulties.
(2)如果我能多鼓励我的学生，那么他们很可能就会更自信。If I can ___________ my students more, they will probably be more confident.
courage
encourage
15. pay v. 付款；偿还 (paid; paid) n. 工资；薪水
I will pay 100 pounds for the shoes. 我会花一百英镑来买这双鞋子。
He paid off all the debts at one time.他一次还清了所有债务。
As a teacher, you will always find your pay doesn’t match your work. 作为一个老师，你会发现你的薪水和你的工作不对等。
【辨析】spend, take, cost和pay的用法区别
(1) spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：
①spend time/money on sth. 在……上花费时间/金钱
I spend eight hours on study every day. 我每天花八个小时学习。
②spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事
Daisy spent eight years (in) building this church. 黛西花了八年的时间来建这座教堂。
(2) take 后面常跟双宾语，常见用法有：
It takes/took sb.＋时间/金钱＋to do sth.
做某事花了某人多少时间/金钱
It took him three years to finish his further study in the UK. 他花了三年的时间才完成在英国的深造。
It took me 10 yuan to buy this book. 我花了十元买这本书。
(3) cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示 “值”，常见用法：sth. cost/costs (sb.) money 某物花了（某人）多少钱
My brother’s new toys cost me a lot of pocket money. 我弟弟的新玩具花了我很多零花钱。
注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost，并且不能用于被动句。
(4) pay的基本用法如下：pay(sb.) money for sth. 付钱（给某人）买某物
You need to pay me 200 yuan for the basketball. 你买这个篮球要付我200元。
【对点专练】
(1) 我们花了四天的时间才到达那里。It _____us four days to get there.
(2) 这顿饭花了我丈夫1000元。This meal _____ my husband 1000 yuan.
(3) 我姐姐花了八百元买这件新大衣。My elder sister _______ 800 yuan for the new coat.
(4) 我花了一个星期教我的学生比较级的用法。I _________ a week teaching my students the use of comparatives.
took
cost
paid
spent
重点句子
重要知识点
1. Three teenagers offered to do some voluntary work during the school holidays.
三名青少年主动提出在学校假期期间去做义工。
offer to do sth.（主动）提出做某事
【对点专练】
(1) 吉米主动提出送我去医院。
Jimmy _______ _______ ______ me to the hospital.
(2) 我们越主动帮助身边的人，我们就会有更美好的世界。______________________________________, the better world we will have.
offered to send
The more we offer to help people around us
2. The children there all suffer from serious illnesses. 那里的孩子们都遭受着严重疾病的折磨。
suffer from 因……受苦；受折磨
【对点专练】
(1) 在非洲许多人都是在忍饥挨饿。
Many people _______ _______ the hunger in Africa.
(2) 为了不再受病魔折磨，他决定自杀。
In order _______ ________ _______from the illnesses,
he decided to end his life with a gun.
suffer from
not to suffer
3. My mother and I will continue to visit Vivien.
我和妈妈将继续去看望Vivien。
continue to do sth. 继续做某事
【对点专练】
(1) 葬礼之后，他一脸倦容地继续工作。
After the funeral, he continued _______ _______with a tired face.
(2) 为了继续他的研究，他在课余时间做了很多实验。
_______ ________ his study, he has done a lot of experiments in his spare time.
to work
To continue
4. Disabled children have difficulty walking and moving. 残疾儿童行动有困难。
have difficulty（in）doing sth. 做某事有困难
【对点专练】
If you have any difficulty in __________ (learn) English, you can ask me for help.
(2) After so many _____________ (difficulty), I finally understood how important family meant to me.
learning
difficulties
5. I taught them to sing because music can bring them joy and peace. 我教他们唱歌，因为音乐能带给他们喜悦与宁静。
teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事
【对点专练】
(1) 老师教我们怎样学好英语。
The teacher taught us how ____ _____ English well.
(2) 我的父母总教我要待人友善。
My parents always teach me __ ___friendly to others.
to learn
to be
6. We need to help children like Tim and raise their spirits. 我们需要帮助像蒂姆一样的孩子，使他们鼓起勇气。
need to do sth. 需要做某事
【对点专练】
(1) 你所需要做的就是告诉我真相。
All you ______ ____ _____ is to tell me the truth.
(2) There is no need ____________ (argue) with your boss, because he cannot understand your creative ideas.
need to do
to argue
语法复习
请仔细观察以下例句，并掌握结论部分的内容。
【观察】
1. My mother and I will continue to visit Vivien.
2. I hope to see you again soon.
3. I don’t know where to go.
4. We taught them to tell stories.
5. Every Saturday, he goes there to look after the patients.
6. We learn a language in order to communicate.
不定式的用法
【结论】
1. 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其构成形式为“to+动词原形”。它在句子中不能独立作谓语，但可以作句子的宾语、宾语补足语、状语等。
2. 动词不定式常在以下动词（短语）的后面作宾语：agree，arrange，decide，hope，plan，refuse，want，wish，would like 等，如例句1、2。另外，“疑问词+动词不定式”也可以作宾语，如例句3。
【结论】
3. 动词不定式常在以下动词（短语）的宾语后面作宾语补足语: ask，want，help，order，expect，tell，teach，need，wait for等，如例句4。动词不定式作目的状语，如例句 5；为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时，常用短语in order to，如例句6。
注：动词不定式在let，make，have 等使役动词后作宾语补足语时，要省略to。例如：
1). I will let him go with us. 我会让他跟我们一起去。
2). I made her cry. 我把她弄哭了。
写作复习
假设你是学生会主席苏明，你校师生想在校内举办书展，为开展环保宣传活动筹集资金。请你根据以下内容提示，给王校长写一封信，征得他的同意。80个词左右。
要点：
活动原因：全校师生打算在超市附近举办环保宣传晚会，但是资金不足；
2. 活动内容：举办一次书展，筹集资金；
3. 时间和地点：下周三下午4点整，学校操场；
4. 参加人员：全校师生。
写作复习
【写作指导】
此篇作文以筹集宣传活动资金为主线，主要内容是筹款的目的及方式。写作内容渗透着本单元的话题和语言目标——如何帮助有需要的人。
在写作过程中要明确以下几点：
1. 人称：使用第一人称；
2. 时态：使用正确的时态——一般现在时态和一般将来时态；
3. 内容：把题目中所给的提示内容组句成文，不要遗漏要点。
【范文赏析】
Dear Mr Wang,
I am writing to ask for your permission to hold a book fair at our school. We plan to have a party near the supermarket to ask people to protect the environment. However, we are short of money. So we are going to hold a book fair to raise some money. We would like to begin this activity at 4:00 p.m.next Wednesday on the playground. At that time, all the students and teachers at our school will take part in it.
Could you please give us the permission We are looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Su Ming
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