外研版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第四册Unit 2 Lessons in life Presenting ideas同步练习（含答案和解析）
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第四册Unit 2 Lessons in life Presenting ideas同步练习（含答案和解析） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-01-26 14:16:35 | ||
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Unit2 Lessons in life ——Presenting ideas
一、选词填空
set off, go up to, vote for, burst out, be crammed with
1. When the temperature _______ 3 centigrade, the snow will melt.
2. The street _________ reporters, photographers, cameras and microphones.
3. Everyone was quiet when John suddenly ________ laughing.
4. I shall ________ Hall because I think he’s the better man.
5. Having said farewell to their friends, they ______for home.
二、阅读理解
Many scientists today are convinced that life exists elsewhere in the universe—life probably much like that on our own planet. They reason in the following way.
As far as astronomers can determine, the entire universe is built of the same matter. They have no reason to doubt that matter obeys the same laws in every part of the universe. Therefore, it is reasonable to guess that other stars, with their own planets, were born in the same way as our own solar system. What we know of life on earth suggests that life will arise wherever the proper conditions exist.
Life requires the right amount and kind of atmosphere. This eliminates(除去)all those planets in the universe that are not about the same size and weight as the earth. A smaller planet would lose its atmosphere; a larger one would hold too much of it.
Life also requires a steady supply of heat and light. This eliminates double stars, or stars that flare up suddenly. Only single stars that are steady sources of heat and light like our sun would qualify.
Finally, life could evolve(进化)only if the planet is just the right distance from its sun. With a weaker sun than our own, the planet would have to be closer to it. With a stronger sun, it would have to be farther away.
If we suppose that every star in the universe has a family of planets, then how many planets might support life First, eliminate those stars that are not like our sun. Next eliminate most of their planets; they are either too far from or too close to their suns. Then eliminate all those planets which are not the same size and weight as the earth. Finally, remember that the proper conditions do not necessarily mean that life actually does exist on a planet. It may not have begun yet, or it may have already died out.
This process of elimination seems to leave very few planets on which earthlike life might be found. However, even if life could exist on only one planet in a million, there are so many billions of planets that this would still leave a vast number on which life could exist.
1. The existence of life depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT ______.
A. the right amount of atmosphere
B. our own solar system
C. steady heat and light
D. the right distance from the sun
2. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT
A. The planet must be as big and heavy as the earth.
B. Proper conditions are essential to the existence of life.
C. Double stars can provide steady light and heat.
D. The distance between a planet and its sun should be right.
3. What kind of planet might NOT support life
A. Most of the planets of the stars.
B. Stars similar to our sun.
C. Planets similar to the earth.
D. Planets with proper conditions.
4. At the end of the passage the author suggests that
A. it is impossible for life to exist on planets.
B. earth like life could only exist on a few planets.
C. life could exist on only one planet in a million.
D. life could exist on a great number of planets.
三、语法填空
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt.This trend，which was started by the medical community(医学界)1. a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side
2. (effect)such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required 3. (process)the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.When fat and salt 4. (remove)from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something.As 5. result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even 6. (bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.Fast food 7. (be)full of fat and salt；by 8. (eat)more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心)between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However，be 9. (care)not to go to extremes.Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both，
10. is not good for the health.
四、书面表达
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Advertising plays a major role in the competitive business world.Many industries take advantage of the power of advertising to attract or to win customers away from their business competitors.The influence of advertising is so huge that it causes many people to buy things that they don't want at the start.
Advertising encourages people to buy things they don't want through misleading ideas.Advertising is proven to be a successful tool to stress the features of their products to the public even though it's regarded undesirable such as cigarettes, drugs, alcohol and so on.For example, Duhill, a cigarette company which sponsors many football teams, seems to be promoting cigarettes to the public.Without the sponsorship, the company will be less known to the public, resulting in fewer sales of cigarettes.
Besides that，advertising has a large influence on the decisions made by the people in their everyday life.Many businesses use advertising as a form of promoting to create awareness about their products in the market.For instance，in a fast food industry，the introduction of a new flavor of burger needs advertising to reach the public while the other burgers require advertising to increase sales.Children，especially，are easily influenced by advertisements and will have the desire to dine at fast food restaurants after that.Although fast food is bad for health, it has successfully become appealing to the public through advertising.
However, advertising plays a part in helping customers to compare a product in terms of price，quality，reliability and so on.Without advertising，it will be very difficult for customers to judge the worthiness of a product.For example，advertisements published by various companies have given the customers the opportunity to choose wisely when they are purchasing an item.Without the power of advertising，customers will be stuck to a brand which may not offer the best choice.
答案和解析
一、选词填空
1.goes up to
2.was crammed with
3.burst out
4.vote for
5.set off
二、阅读理解
1.B。细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Life requires the right amount and kind of atmosphere. ”以及文章第四段中“Life also requires a steady supply of heat and light. ”以及文章第五段中“Finally, life could evolve only if the planet is just the right distance from its sun. ”可知, 生命的进化需要适当数量和种类的大气、稳定的光和热供应以及行星与太阳的距离恰到好处。文章中没有提到生命的进化需要太阳系。结合选项, 故选B。
2.C。细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“Life also requires a steady supply of heat and light. This eliminates double stars, or stars that flare up suddenly. ” 可知, 生命也需要稳定的光和热供应。这就排除了双星, 或突然爆发的恒星。结合选项, C项表述错误。故选C。
3.A。推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段可知, 大部分行星都不能维持生命, 因为他们要么离太阳太近, 要么离太阳太远, 要么与地球大小和重量不一样, 而且适当的条件也并不一定意味着生命存在。结合选项, 故选A。
4.D。推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可知, 然而, 即使生命可能只存在于百万分之一的行星上, 仍有数十亿的行星可能存在生命。可知, 生命可能在许多星球上存在。结合选项, 故选D。
三、语法填空
1．as 考查介词。此处指作为抵抗心脏病的一种方法，所以用介词as。
2．effects 考查名词复数。side effect副作用，由前面的some和下文中的两个例子overweight and heart disease可知名词effect用复数形式effects。
3．to process 考查非谓语动词之动词不定式。require sth.to do sth.需要某物做某事，此处用了被动语态结构，所以填动词不定式to process作主语补足语。
4．are removed 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知此处用一般现在时，由于主语fat and salt是复数概念，且与remove是被动关系，所以填一般现在时的被动语态结构are removed。
5．a 考查固定搭配中的冠词。as a result结果，是固定搭配。
6．worse 考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式。even worse更糟的是，可以看作固定搭配。
7．is 考查时态和主谓一致。根据行文的时态可知，此处用一般现在时；句子的主语Fast food(快餐)是不可数名词短语，故填be的第三人称单数形式is。
8．eating 考查非谓语动词之动名词。表示方式的介词by之后接动名词作宾语。
9．careful 考查词性转换之名词变为形容词。be之后接形容词作表语，care的形容词形式是careful。
10．which 考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，且指代整个主句的内容，故填关系代词which。
四、书面表达
Advertising is essential to many companies and serves as an instrument to appeal to customers.(要点1)Advertising, tempting customers into buying products sometimes unfavorable，turns out to promote the sales.(要点2)But for advertising, people might not have acquainted themselves with the products.(要点3)To its credit, people can make decisions more wisely by contrast.(要点4)
一、选词填空
set off, go up to, vote for, burst out, be crammed with
1. When the temperature _______ 3 centigrade, the snow will melt.
2. The street _________ reporters, photographers, cameras and microphones.
3. Everyone was quiet when John suddenly ________ laughing.
4. I shall ________ Hall because I think he’s the better man.
5. Having said farewell to their friends, they ______for home.
二、阅读理解
Many scientists today are convinced that life exists elsewhere in the universe—life probably much like that on our own planet. They reason in the following way.
As far as astronomers can determine, the entire universe is built of the same matter. They have no reason to doubt that matter obeys the same laws in every part of the universe. Therefore, it is reasonable to guess that other stars, with their own planets, were born in the same way as our own solar system. What we know of life on earth suggests that life will arise wherever the proper conditions exist.
Life requires the right amount and kind of atmosphere. This eliminates(除去)all those planets in the universe that are not about the same size and weight as the earth. A smaller planet would lose its atmosphere; a larger one would hold too much of it.
Life also requires a steady supply of heat and light. This eliminates double stars, or stars that flare up suddenly. Only single stars that are steady sources of heat and light like our sun would qualify.
Finally, life could evolve(进化)only if the planet is just the right distance from its sun. With a weaker sun than our own, the planet would have to be closer to it. With a stronger sun, it would have to be farther away.
If we suppose that every star in the universe has a family of planets, then how many planets might support life First, eliminate those stars that are not like our sun. Next eliminate most of their planets; they are either too far from or too close to their suns. Then eliminate all those planets which are not the same size and weight as the earth. Finally, remember that the proper conditions do not necessarily mean that life actually does exist on a planet. It may not have begun yet, or it may have already died out.
This process of elimination seems to leave very few planets on which earthlike life might be found. However, even if life could exist on only one planet in a million, there are so many billions of planets that this would still leave a vast number on which life could exist.
1. The existence of life depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT ______.
A. the right amount of atmosphere
B. our own solar system
C. steady heat and light
D. the right distance from the sun
2. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT
A. The planet must be as big and heavy as the earth.
B. Proper conditions are essential to the existence of life.
C. Double stars can provide steady light and heat.
D. The distance between a planet and its sun should be right.
3. What kind of planet might NOT support life
A. Most of the planets of the stars.
B. Stars similar to our sun.
C. Planets similar to the earth.
D. Planets with proper conditions.
4. At the end of the passage the author suggests that
A. it is impossible for life to exist on planets.
B. earth like life could only exist on a few planets.
C. life could exist on only one planet in a million.
D. life could exist on a great number of planets.
三、语法填空
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt.This trend，which was started by the medical community(医学界)1. a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side
2. (effect)such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required 3. (process)the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.When fat and salt 4. (remove)from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something.As 5. result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even 6. (bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.Fast food 7. (be)full of fat and salt；by 8. (eat)more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心)between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However，be 9. (care)not to go to extremes.Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both，
10. is not good for the health.
四、书面表达
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Advertising plays a major role in the competitive business world.Many industries take advantage of the power of advertising to attract or to win customers away from their business competitors.The influence of advertising is so huge that it causes many people to buy things that they don't want at the start.
Advertising encourages people to buy things they don't want through misleading ideas.Advertising is proven to be a successful tool to stress the features of their products to the public even though it's regarded undesirable such as cigarettes, drugs, alcohol and so on.For example, Duhill, a cigarette company which sponsors many football teams, seems to be promoting cigarettes to the public.Without the sponsorship, the company will be less known to the public, resulting in fewer sales of cigarettes.
Besides that，advertising has a large influence on the decisions made by the people in their everyday life.Many businesses use advertising as a form of promoting to create awareness about their products in the market.For instance，in a fast food industry，the introduction of a new flavor of burger needs advertising to reach the public while the other burgers require advertising to increase sales.Children，especially，are easily influenced by advertisements and will have the desire to dine at fast food restaurants after that.Although fast food is bad for health, it has successfully become appealing to the public through advertising.
However, advertising plays a part in helping customers to compare a product in terms of price，quality，reliability and so on.Without advertising，it will be very difficult for customers to judge the worthiness of a product.For example，advertisements published by various companies have given the customers the opportunity to choose wisely when they are purchasing an item.Without the power of advertising，customers will be stuck to a brand which may not offer the best choice.
答案和解析
一、选词填空
1.goes up to
2.was crammed with
3.burst out
4.vote for
5.set off
二、阅读理解
1.B。细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Life requires the right amount and kind of atmosphere. ”以及文章第四段中“Life also requires a steady supply of heat and light. ”以及文章第五段中“Finally, life could evolve only if the planet is just the right distance from its sun. ”可知, 生命的进化需要适当数量和种类的大气、稳定的光和热供应以及行星与太阳的距离恰到好处。文章中没有提到生命的进化需要太阳系。结合选项, 故选B。
2.C。细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“Life also requires a steady supply of heat and light. This eliminates double stars, or stars that flare up suddenly. ” 可知, 生命也需要稳定的光和热供应。这就排除了双星, 或突然爆发的恒星。结合选项, C项表述错误。故选C。
3.A。推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段可知, 大部分行星都不能维持生命, 因为他们要么离太阳太近, 要么离太阳太远, 要么与地球大小和重量不一样, 而且适当的条件也并不一定意味着生命存在。结合选项, 故选A。
4.D。推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可知, 然而, 即使生命可能只存在于百万分之一的行星上, 仍有数十亿的行星可能存在生命。可知, 生命可能在许多星球上存在。结合选项, 故选D。
三、语法填空
1．as 考查介词。此处指作为抵抗心脏病的一种方法，所以用介词as。
2．effects 考查名词复数。side effect副作用，由前面的some和下文中的两个例子overweight and heart disease可知名词effect用复数形式effects。
3．to process 考查非谓语动词之动词不定式。require sth.to do sth.需要某物做某事，此处用了被动语态结构，所以填动词不定式to process作主语补足语。
4．are removed 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知此处用一般现在时，由于主语fat and salt是复数概念，且与remove是被动关系，所以填一般现在时的被动语态结构are removed。
5．a 考查固定搭配中的冠词。as a result结果，是固定搭配。
6．worse 考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式。even worse更糟的是，可以看作固定搭配。
7．is 考查时态和主谓一致。根据行文的时态可知，此处用一般现在时；句子的主语Fast food(快餐)是不可数名词短语，故填be的第三人称单数形式is。
8．eating 考查非谓语动词之动名词。表示方式的介词by之后接动名词作宾语。
9．careful 考查词性转换之名词变为形容词。be之后接形容词作表语，care的形容词形式是careful。
10．which 考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，且指代整个主句的内容，故填关系代词which。
四、书面表达
Advertising is essential to many companies and serves as an instrument to appeal to customers.(要点1)Advertising, tempting customers into buying products sometimes unfavorable，turns out to promote the sales.(要点2)But for advertising, people might not have acquainted themselves with the products.(要点3)To its credit, people can make decisions more wisely by contrast.(要点4)