中考英语二轮语法复习学案-时态与语态（要点梳理+强化训练）

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中考英语语法复习-时态与语态（要点梳理+强化训练）
考点分析：时态和语态是初中英语一项重要的语法知识，时态和语态的结合是中考的必考点，尤其是一般现在时、一般过去式和一般将来时的被动语态。语态通常结合时态时态综合考查，而时态的考查通查不涉及语态。
要点梳理
一般现在时
用 法 例 句
表述客观真理、客观存在及自然现象。 Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不等人。
表述习惯性、经常性发生的动作或经常存在的状态。 I wash my hair once two days. 我们两天洗一次头发。
表示计划或安排好了的事情，或确定要发生的动作。 The train leaves Jinan at five and arrives in Beijing eleven. 火车五点离开济南，十一点到达北京。
用于时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，代替一般将来时 When you come across a new road while reading，you’d better not look it up at once. 在阅读中遇到生词时，最好不要马上查词典。If it doesn’t rain，we’ll go on a picnic as planned. 如果不下雨，我们将按计划去野餐。
注意：常与一般现在时连用的频度副词有often（经常），usually（通常），always（总是），never（从不），every day（每天），sometimes（有时）等。
现在进行时
用 法 例 句
表示说话时正在进行的动作。 What are you doing now，Bob？Grandma is asking to see you. 鲍勃，你在干什么？奶奶要见你。
表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻动作不一定在正在进行。 I am helping my dad on the farm this summer. 这个夏天我在农场给爸爸帮忙。
表示此时此刻某一动作不断地重复。 Someone is knocking at the door. 有人一直在敲门。
与副词always，forever等连用，表达说话人的某种感彩。 She is always thinking of others instead of herself. 他总是为别人，而不是为自己着想。（赞扬）Why are you always coming late for class？你怎么总是上学迟到？（批评）
在时间、条件等状语从句中替代将来进行时。 If I am sleeping when he comes，wake me up ，please.
瞬时动词的进行时态可表示“即将……”，常用于表示将来的 I am taking my daughter to the park this Saturday. 这个周六我将带女儿去公园。
注意：常与现在进行时连用的时间状语有：now（现在），right now（现在），at present（目前），at this moment（这时），these days（这些天）等。
一般过去式
用 法 例 句 特别提示
表示过去发生的动作和存在的状态。 I received a strange phone call yesterday. 昨天我接到一个奇怪的电话。 此种情况常与just now，yesterday，last year，at that time，a few days ago等时间状语连用。
表示过去经常和反复发生的动作。 He usually went to the cinema last year. 去年他经常去看电影。 此种情况常与always，usually，often，sometimes，never等时间状语连用。
表示此时此刻某一动作不断地重复。 I got up early，washed my face，had a quick breakfast and hurried to school . 我早早起了床，洗完碗，迅速吃完早饭，就匆忙就上学去了。 此时一般不出现表示过去的时间状语，需要通过情景断定。
过去进行式
用 法 例 句 特别提示
表示过去发生的动作和存在的状态。 When he called me，I was having dinner. 他给我打电话时，我正在吃晚饭。 常与过去时进行时连用的时间状语then，last night，that time，the whole day等。
表示过去经常和反复发生的动作。 They were expecting you yesterday，but you didn't turn up. 他们昨天一直在等你，可你没来。
表示此时此刻某一动作不断地重复。 He told me he was leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 他告诉我他明天要去上海。 此种情况限于come，go，leave，arrive等动词。
一般将来时
用 法 例 句 特别提示
Shall/will do 表示将来的动作或状态。 We shall/will come to ask Miss Chen for help. 我们要找陈老师帮助我们。
be going to do 表示很快就要发生的事情，打算要做的事情，或有迹象表明要发生的事情。 I am going to gather some materials about Ba Jin. 我打算搜集一些有关巴金的材料。
be going 表示按计划将要发生的动作。 My uncle is coming back from abroad. 我叔叔要从外国回来了。
be to do 表示安排好的动作或者要求别人做的事情。 The president is to visit China next week. 总统下周访问中国。
be about to 表示主观将要做某事，句中一般没有时间状语。 I was about to start off when it begin to rain. 我刚要出发天就下起雨来了。
do（一般现在时形式） 表示按计划、时间表等严格执行的动作。 The bus leaves early next morning from this station. 这辆汽车明天很早从本站出发。
现在完成时
用 法 例 句
强调过去的行为对现在的影响。 I have just come back from the United States. 我刚从美国回来。
表示过去的某一动作一直持续到现在。 How have you been recently with your new work？你的新工作最近怎样？
表示经历过的事情。 I have only been to the Great Wall once. 我仅去过长城一次。She has gone to the Great Wall. 她去长城了。
在时间、条件等从句中，代替将来完成时。 I’ll go home as soon as I’ve finished all my home work. 我一做完作业就回家。
过去完成时
用 法 例 句
表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。 The train had left before I got to the station. 我到达车站前火车已经开走了。
表示在过去某一时间以前已经持续了一段时间的动作，即“过去的过去”。 I had worked in a car factory for two years before I came here. 我来这儿之前已在一家汽车厂工作了两年。
各种时态形式的被动语态的构成
用 法 被动语态构成形式（以do为例） 例 句
一般现在时 am/is/are done The Great Wall of China is known by people all over the world . 长城被世界人民所熟知。
一般过去时 was/were done The bike was mended by him yesterday. 自行车昨天被他修好了。
现在进行时 am/is/are being done They are being planted by them by the river. 他们正在河边种树。
现在完成时 have/has been done The work has been finished by Marry. 工作被玛丽完成了。
过去进行时 was/were being done A letter was being written to my uncle by me at eight yesterday. 昨天8点我正在给我叔写信。
含情态动词的被动语态结构 情态动词+be done Your homework must be handed in tomorrow morning.
主动语态与被动语态的转换
主动 被动 例 句
S+O+V 原主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语，谓语动词变为被动形式be done，原主动句中的主语变为由by引导的介词宾语，有时可省略。 The man killed the bird.→The bird was killed by the man. 那人杀死了这只鸟。
S+O+V+Oi+Od现在进行时现在完成时 可将间接宾语转化为句子主语，也可将直接宾语转化为句子主语。（其他变化同上） They gave the children many books.→The children were given many good books by them.→Many good books were given to the children by them.
并非所有的双宾语及物动词在变为被动语态时，都可以间接宾语转化为被动句的主语。 He wrote Kobe a long fan letter. →A long fan letter was written to Kobe by him.（√）→Kobe was written a long fan letter to by him.（×） 他给科比写了一封长长的球迷信。
有些及物动词在被动语态中，被保留的间接宾语前加for或to，并且for和to不能省。 Mother has bought me a computer. →A computer has been bought for me. 妈妈给我买了一台电脑。
S+O+V+C 主动句中的宾语变为主语，宾语补足语不变，但相应成为主语补足语。 We have made the empty land a playground .→The empty land has been made a playground. 我们把那片空地变成了操场。
带有形式宾语it的句子也可变为被动句，it成为被动句的主语。 We consider it wrong to shout at a little child.→It is considered wrong to shout at a little child. 我们认为对小孩子大喊大叫是不对的。
不带to的不等式作宾语补足语时，句子变为被动语态要加上to（let后的除外）。 We saw a stranger enter the hall.→A stranger was seen to enter the hall. 我们看到一个陌生人进了大厅。
注意：1.当及物的短语动词变为被动语态时，要注意保持短语动词的整体性，不可丢掉其后的介词或副词，常见的此类短语动词有look for，look after，take care of等。
Young children should be looked after very well. 小孩子应该得到很好的照顾。
宾语从句一般不作为被动语态的主语。
He told me when the project would start.
→it was told by him when the project would start.（√）
→when the project would start was told by him .（×）他告诉我工程什么时候开始。
强化训练：
Ⅰ.单项选择
—Is Jim in the office？
—No，he ______to the dining hall.
A、goes B、would go C、has gone D、had gone
—I didn't see you at the meeting yesterday.
—I_______for an important telephone call at that moment.
A、wait B、waited C、am waiting D、was waiting
—We all went to the cinema except you last night. Why didn’t you come？
—Because I_______that movie twice.
A、have watched B、had watched C、was watching D、would watch
—Tony，could you give me a hand？
—Wait a minute. _______.
locked the door B、will lock the door C、am locking the door D、was locking the door
The children will climb the hill if it _______tomorrow.
A、won't rain B、didn't rain C、isn’t raining D、doesn’t rain
The story of Tom Sawyer _______in Missouri，America，in the 19th century.
A、had happened B、was happening C、has happened D、happened
—which team do you think _______the game？
—Hard to say. There are still ten minutes before it ends.
A、won B、has won C、will won D、wins
The official said they _______a new law to protect the tourists the next year.
A、makes B、would make C、made D、have made
Jackson _______school two years ago and he _______for two years.
A、leaves；has gone B、left；has been away C、leaves；has been away D、left；has gone
Many children in Britain _______to have their own bank cards these days.
A、allow B、allowed C、are allowed D、were allowed
Many comic books_______into cartoons in the past 40 years.
A、make B、are made C、have make D、have been made
—It’s difficult to get the other side of the river._______into cartoons in the past 40 years.
—I think a bridge._______over the river.
A、should be built B、should build C、will build D、has built
The songs reminds me of my old school days as soon as it _______.
A、is played B、plays C、will be played D、will play
—Excuse me. I’m looking for Be the Best of Yourself.
—Sorry. The book you ask for_______out.
A、is selling B、is sold C、was selling D、will be sold
—Tom，do you know if Sam________to my party next week？
—I think he will come if he_______free.
A、comes；will be B、will come；is C、comes；is D、will come；will be
The stones are so heavy. How________they______to the top of the building without modern machine？
A、have；lifted B、did；lift C、were；lifted D、are；lifted
Would you please drive a little faster？My flight_______.
A、is taking off B、has taken off C、had taken off D、was taking off
They_______this town before we came.
A、leave B、have left C、had left D、will leave
I’m now on New York with my friend Jenny. We _______by plane on Monday.
A、arrive B、arrived C、are arriving D、will arrive
The old man was quite weak after the accident，so he _______.
A、must be looked after well B、was looking after well C、must take good care of D、must be taken good care
—Who cleaned the blackboard yesterday，Dick？
—John_____.
A、cleaned B、dose C、did D、is
—Do you know her well？
—sure. We_____friends since ten years ago.
A、were B、became C、have been D、have become
—Where is your father？
—He_____to Australia and he______in Sydney for two weeks.
A、has been；stays B、has gone；will stay C、has been；will stay D、has gone；stays
We often have to stay up for our study though we _______to have enough sleep.
A、told B、have told C、are told D、were told
On June 11th ，2013，Shenzhou-10 carrying three astronauts_______into space from the
space center in Jiuquan. All the Chinese people are proud of its successful launch.
A、sent up B、is sent up C、was sent up D、sends up
—Vow! All kinds of cakes _______in that cake shop..
—yes. The cakes there always_______.
A、sell out；taste well B、sell out；are tasted good C、are sold out；are tasted well D、are sold out；taste good
The Chinese writer has got lots of fans in France. His new book______into French as soon as it came out.
A、was translated B、translated C、is translated D、translates
Look at the timetable. Hurry up！Flight 4206______at 18:20.
A、takes off B、took off C、will take off D、were taking off
The new bridge______last year in the village，and it’s very easy to go to the town.
A、built B、was built C、has built D、has been built
—Did you see Mr Smith when you were in France？
—No. When I______France，he_____ to China.
A、had arrived in；had gone B、arrived in；has been C、got to；had gone D、had got to；had been
Ⅱ.根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
While he______（work），the bell rang.
I______（learn）maths all by myself by the age of five.
The doctor was working in the street when he_____（meet ）a friend of his.
Henry is talking while Jim_______（look）out of the window.
I______（tell）her the news as soon as she______（come）back.
—You’ve left light on.
—Sorry，I_____（go）back and turn it off.
Father said that he______（buy）a new bike for me the next Friday.
We______（study）English for about three years.
The farmers______（pick）apples when I saw them.
I heard that Jim______（go）to England the next year.
When we got to the cinema，the film_____already______（begin）.
Look at the dark clouds. It____（rain）.
She_____（be）to America twice.
Toby isn't at home. He______（go）to the library.
He told me the train______（leave）in five minutes.
Many a song_____（sound）very beautiful.
A book must_____（read）more than once if you want to understand it better.
Where to build the new hospital_____（not decide）yet.
She is often heard_____（sing）English songs.
A new factory_____（build）next year.
Ⅲ 根据汉语意思和英语提示完成句子，每空一词。
汤姆一到，就一定要他知道这个通知。
Be sure to let Tom know the notice_____ _____ _____he_____.
如果大夫认为有必要，会对他进行手术。
He _____ _____ _____ _____if the doctor thinks it is necessary.
我爸爸已经出差两周了。他三天后回来。
My father _____ _____ _____ on business for two weeks. He_____in three days.
昨天晚上7点钟我正在洗澡。
I _____ _____ _____ _____at 7 o'clock last night.
今晚7：30中央6频道将有有趣的卡通片。
There _____ _____ _____ _____an interesting cartoon on CCTV-6 at 7:30 this evening.
我成为一名团员两年了。
_____ _____ _____ _____League member _____ _____ _____ .
到上周末，我们学了两千个英语单词。
_____ _____ _____ _____ ______，we _____ _____2，000 English words .
这项任务将在一小时后完成。
The task_____ _____ _____in an hour.
我们许多人由于作出重要贡献而受到赞扬。
Many people in our country_____ _____ _____their contribution.
现在可以在网上买东西。
Now shopping _____ _____ _____online.
Ⅳ.按要求改写句子，每空一词。
The book may be kept for two weeks.（对划线部分提问）
_____ _____ _____the book_____ _____？
About one thousand stamps have have been collected.（对划线部分提问）
_____ _____ stamps _____ _____collected？
I saw Jack help a blind man cross the street yesterday afternoon.（改为被动语态）
Yesterday afternoon Jack_____ _____ _____ _____ a blind man cross the street.
Rice is grown in the south of China.（用people作主语，改为主动语态）
_____ _____ _____ in the south of China.
Your homework must be handed in tomorrow morning.（改为主动语态）
_____ _____ _____ in your homework tomorrow morning.
练习答案
Ⅰ.单项选择
1-5CDBCD，6-10DCBBC，11-15DAABB，16-20CACBA，21-25CCBCC，26-30DAABC
Ⅱ.根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.was cooking 2.had learnt 3.met 4.is cooking 5.will tell；comes 6.will go
7.would by 8.have studied 9.were picking 10.was going/would go 11.had；begin
12.is going to rain 13.has been 14.has gone 15.was leaving/would leave 16.sounds
17.be read 18.hasn’t been decided 19.to ring 20.will be built
Ⅲ 根据汉语意思和英语提示完成句子，每空一词。
as soon as；arrive
will be operated on
has been away；will return
was taking/having a shower/bath
is going to be
I have been a；for two years
by the end of last weekend；had learned
will be finished
are praised for
can be done
Ⅳ.按要求改写句子，每空一词。
How long may；be kept
How many；have been
was seen to help
People grow rice
You must hand
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