2022年中考英语二轮专题复习 介词课件（42张PPT)

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2022年中考英语二轮
专题复习
介词
知识导图
考点精讲
考点1介词的常见分类及用法
一、时间介词
1.in,on与at
介词 用法 示例
in in+较长的时间（如：世纪、年份、季节、月份、星期） in 2018,
in summer,
in May
in the +上下午、晚上、日间等，表泛指 in the morning,
in the daytime
固定搭配 in the future, in the past, in one’s spare time, in time
介词 用法 示例
on on+具体某天或某天的上午、下午或晚上 on Monday,
on June 1st,
on a cold morning
续表
介词 用法 示例
at at+具体的时间点或黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜 at 7:15,
at sunrise,
at noon,
at sunset,
at night
续表
介词 用法 示例
at 固定搭配 at the age of,
at the same time,
at the beginning of,
at last,
at once,
at birth
续表
2.after与in
介词 用法
after after+时间点，表示“在……之后”，常与将来时连用。
after+时间段，表示“在……之后”，常与过去时连用。
in in+时间段，表示“多久以后”，常与将来时连用。
如：They will leave after nine o’clock.他们将在九点钟以后离开。
After an hour I went home.一个小时后我回家了。
I’ll go home in an hour.我一小时后回家。
3.for与since
介词 用法
for for+时间段，表示动作持续多久，句子常用现在完成时，过去完成时或一般过去时。
since （1）since+过去的时间点；
（2）since+时间段+ago。
如：I have studied English for 10 years.我学英语已经十年了。
I have studied English since 10 years ago.我从十年前就开始学英语了。
二、地点介词
1.at与in
介词 用法
at at+小地点（车站、电影院等）
in in+大地点（洲名、国家名、城市名等）
2.between与among
介词 用法
between 在两者之间
among 在三者或三者以上的人或物之间
3.over，above与on
介词 用法 图示
over 在……上方（垂直悬空，正上方），其反义词为under
above 在……上面（不一定是正上方），其反义词为below
on 在……上（意指接触物体表面或构成物体表面的一部分）
4.in，on与to
介词 用法 图示
in 在……中；在……内
on 表示两个不同的个体相邻或接壤，意为“毗邻；接壤”
to 表示两个个体之间有一定距离
三、方式介词
1.by,in与on表示交通方式
介词 用法
by by+交通工具（原形）
in in+限定词+小型交通工具
on on+限定词+大型交通工具，自行车除外
如：I go to school by bus.我乘坐公共汽车去上学。
He goes to school in his father’s car.他坐他爸爸的汽车去上学。
He goes to work on a bike.他骑自行车去上班。
2.by，in，on与with表示手段或工具
介词 用法
by by+动名词，“通过……方式；以……方式、方法、手段”
in “用……方式、语言、颜色”等，语言、材料前不加冠词
on “通过；使用；借助于”，后跟电子通讯设备
with “用；使用；以；借”，后常接具体的工具或身体的某个器官
四、其他常见介词
介词 用法 示例
about 关于；对于 a book about flowers
across 从一边到另一边；横过 go across
在……各处；遍及 across the country
after 在……后 after lunch,run after
介词 用法 示例
after 反复不断或一个接一个 day after day
against 反对；与……相反 fight against,play against
紧靠；倚；撞 The rain beat against the windows.
along 沿着,顺着 along the road
续表
介词 用法 示例
including 包括；包含 I’ve got three days’ holiday including New Year’s Day.
like 像……一样 He’s very like his father.
例如,比方 Tom does many sports,like jumping and running.
around 围绕；环绕 He puts his arms around her.
到处；向各处 around the world
续表
介词 用法 示例
as 像；如同 be dressed as a clown
作为；当作 regard...as,treat...as
behind 在……的后面 behind the door
落后于 We’re behind schedule.
by 表示方式 by letter,by bus,by working with a group
续表
介词 用法 示例
by 靠近；在……旁边 by the river
被；由 a play by Shakespeare
不迟于； 在……之前 by the time,by tomorrow
经过 walk by
由于 by chance,by mistake
续表
介词 用法 示例
during 在……期间 during the 1990s
for 为了；给；对 fight for
支持；拥护 be for
因为；由于 be famous for
表示一段时间 for a few days
对……来说 It’s+adj.+for sb.to do sth.
from 来自，源于 be/come from
续表
介词 用法 示例
from 由……（制成） be made from
从……起 from A to B
与……（不同） be different from, tell A from B
until （=till） 到……时；直到……为止 until/till 11 o’clock
续表
介词 用法 示例
off 从……落下；离开 fall off,get off
下班；休息 have three days off school
over 在……上面 a bridge over the river
到另一边；翻越 climb over the wall
多于 over a month
续表
介词 用法 示例
over 遍及 all over the world
past （时间）过；（年龄）超过 half past two
经过 walk past sb./sth.
through 穿过；贯穿 go through the forest
自始至终；从头到尾 sit through a concert
续表
介词 用法 示例
through 以；凭借 through hard work
with 和；同 talk with sb.
带有；具有 a girl with red hair
用；使用 Cut it with a knife.
关于；对于 be angry/pleased with
without 没有；不 without difficulty
续表
考点2介词的固定搭配
介词往往同其他词类构成固定搭配。熟记并掌握这些固定搭配，才能正确使用介词。初中阶段常见的介词的固定搭配如下：
1.介词+名词
介词 短语
at at birth出生时；at dawn黎明十分；at home在家；at night在晚上；at sea在海上；at present目前；at school在学校；at work工作
by by hand手工，亲手交付；by the way顺便说一下；by accident/chance偶然；by bike骑自行车；by mistake错误地
介词 短语
in in a hurry匆忙，急忙；in fact事实上；in a word总而言之；in life一生中；in public当众；in the end最后；in time及时；in trouble处于困境；in a row连续；in silence沉默地；in surprise吃惊地；in the future在将来；in person亲自
on on business出差；on duty值日；on foot步行；on sale出售，折价销售；on show展出；on the left/right在左/右边；on time准时；on earth究竟；on vacation度假
续表
介词 短语
out out of breath上气不接下气；out of work失业
其他 as a result因此；for example例如；to one’s surprise 令某人吃惊的是；with a smile带着微笑；without doubt毫无疑问
续表
2.介词+名词+介词
介词 短语
at at the age of在……岁时;at the beginning of在……的开端;at the bottom of在……底部;at the end of在……的尽头/末尾;at the top of在……顶端
by by the end of到……末尾时
in in the face of面对（问题、困难等）;in the front of在……前面;in the middle of在……中间
with with the help of在……的帮助下
精选考题测评
一、从方框中选择恰当的介词填空
with, over, through, by, behind, against, for, beside, on, at
1. （2021·台州）I always keep a dictionary ________ me while learning English.
beside
2. （2021·盘锦改编）The little boy hid himself ________ the door to give his sister a surprise.
behind
3. （2021·十堰改编）—Where’s the People’s Park
—Go along Gongyuan Road,turn right at the second crossing and it’s _____ your left.
on
by
4. （2021·武汉改编）—I could tell _____ the look on her face that something exciting had happened.
—Exactly!
5. （2021·南通改编）—I hear your brother will enter Tsinghua University this summer.
—Exactly,he was a born genius.He was able to read and write ____ the age of 4.
at
Among
6. （2020·金华改编）_________ the four seasons of the year,I like winter best.
8. The children are too young to sit _________ the whole concert. They like playing outside.
7. Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat heavily _________ the windows.
against
through
for
9. Wild animals are our friends.We shouldn’t kill them _____ food or clothing.
with
10. A conversation _______ a wise person is worth ten years’ study of books.
二、根据句意填单词（盲填）
1. （2021·常德）Chinese scientist Yuan Longping,renowned for developing the first hybird rice strain,died of organ failure at 91 _____ May 22th,2021.
on
2. （2021·长春）They came up _______ a good idea to keep their classroom clean and tidy.
with
3. （2021·南充改编）I guess the temperature is ________ zero because it’s freezing here.
below
4. （2021·常州改编）Everyone ________ me has seen the new film,so I’ll go to see it today.
except
5. （2021·青海改编）Look!The sun is shining directly into the car. You’d better park it ________ the tree.
under
6. We should spend more time _____ our study.
on
7. This piece of sweet music reminds us _____ the beauty of the countryside.
of
8. You should pay attention _____ your pronunciation.
to
9. Passengers are waiting _____ the bus at the station.
for
10. —How do you get to school,Emma
—I get to work _____ bus.
by
11. Don’t laugh _____ the people who are in trouble.
at
in
12. Most foreign visitors are very interested _____ traditional Chinese culture.
13. It’s hard for us to imagine what life will be ______ in 50 years.
like
14. Jack went to work _________ breakfast,so he is hungry now.
without
三、语篇训练
A（2021·吉林改编）
over,in,as,from,of,with,after,on
Everyone has a hero in his heart.The hero in my heart is Yuan Longping, who is a great Chinese scientist.He is known 1._____ “Father of Hybrid Rice（杂交水稻之父）”.
as
Yuan Longping was born 2._____ September 7th,1930.He studied very hard when he was young.After graduating 3._______ college in 1953, he became a teacher in an agriculture（农业） school.4._____ 1960, Yuan Longping saw many people die 5._____ hunger,so he made a decision to do some research into a new kind of rice—hybrid rice. 6._______ fifteen years of hard work,Yuan Longping 7._______ his students made a great wonder in 1975—feeding nearly 20% of the world’s population with less than 9% of the world’s farmland.So far, 8._______ 100 countries in Asia, Africa and America have grown
After
with
over
on
from
In
of
hybrid rice.
Many people look up to Yuan Longping because he spent all his life working for people on the earth.Although he has been dead,we will never forget him.His spirit always encourages us to try our best to serve our motherland.There is no doubt that Yuan Longping is a great hero.
B（2021·濮阳一模改编）
The Clever Learning Methods
Why do you need study skills Because they will make it easy for you to learn and do well in class,especially as you move up to middle school and high school.
◆Take good notes
Not sure how to take notes Start 9._____ writing down facts that your teacher mentions or writes on the blackboard in class.Try your best to use good handwriting so that you can read your notes later.
by
◆Plan 10.________ tests
It’s not wise 11._____ you to wait until Thursday night to study for Friday’s test.It also makes it hard to do your best.
You’ll feel sorry 12._____ putting off things often.One of the best ways is to plan ahead.
◆Get a good night’s sleep
The test is tomorrow and you’ve followed your study plan,but suddenly you can’t remember anything,not even 2+2!Don’t worry.Try to get a good night’s sleep and you’ll be surprised by what comes back to you 13._____ the morning!
of
for
in
before